一、老年代步車是什么車

老年車，又叫老年電動車、老年代步車、老(lao)(lao)年助力(li)車(che)，是老(lao)(lao)年人戶(hu)外出(chu)行代步的(de)理想車(che)輛(liang)。其性能相對(dui)穩定(ding)，車(che)速較慢，運用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)無需加油(you)，故(gu)又(you)稱環(huan)保老(lao)(lao)年車(che)，老(lao)(lao)年電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)車(che)所(suo)使(shi)用的(de)能源有很多，主要有鉛(qian)酸(suan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)（含鉛(qian)酸(suan)膠體電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)）、鎳氫電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)、鎳鎘電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)、鎳鐵電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)、鋰(li)離(li)子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)（常稱之為鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)）、燃料電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)等。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)按(an)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)化(hua)學方(fang)式直接(jie)將化(hua)學能轉化(hua)為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能。它不(bu)(bu)經過熱機過程，因此不(bu)(bu)受卡諾循環(huan)的(de)限制(zhi)，能量轉化(hua)效(xiao)率高（40－60%）；幾乎不(bu)(bu)產生(sheng)NOx和SOx的(de)排放。

當前市面上出現了各種掛羊(yang)頭(tou)賣(mai)狗肉(rou)的(de)所謂的(de)“老年代步車”，不僅混淆了老年朋(peng)友的(de)視聽，更是給駕(jia)車的(de)老人、殘疾人帶來極大的(de)安(an)全隱患，各地政(zheng)府(fu)都(dou)在相(xiang)繼出臺(tai)相(xiang)關政(zheng)策法規，禁止這些(xie)“老年代步車”上路(lu)行駛。

嚴格意(yi)義上的(de)，真(zhen)正的(de)老(lao)年電(dian)動(dong)代(dai)步(bu)車(che)(che)(che)產(chan)(chan)品應該是從(cong)原先的(de)歸屬于(yu)(yu)醫(yi)療器械類的(de)電(dian)動(dong)輪(lun)椅車(che)(che)(che)演(yan)變而來，產(chan)(chan)品的(de)設計(ji)更適(shi)合老(lao)年人(ren)(ren)、殘(can)疾人(ren)(ren)的(de)駕(jia)駛習(xi)慣。而且(qie)適(shi)用人(ren)(ren)群從(cong)原先電(dian)動(dong)輪(lun)椅車(che)(che)(che)的(de)殘(can)疾人(ren)(ren)群擴展到了廣大腿腳不(bu)便的(de)老(lao)年人(ren)(ren)。產(chan)(chan)品的(de)設計(ji)生產(chan)(chan)均(jun)參照國家(jia)電(dian)動(dong)自行(xing)(xing)車(che)(che)(che)的(de)國家(jia)標(biao)準及電(dian)動(dong)輪(lun)椅車(che)(che)(che)的(de)國家(jia)標(biao)準，在某些參數指標(biao)方面(mian)甚至更嚴格于(yu)(yu)以上的(de)2個(ge)國家(jia)標(biao)準，車(che)(che)(che)速設計(ji)在10公(gong)里/小時之內，整車(che)(che)(che)底盤高度在8cm，剎(cha)車(che)(che)(che)制動(dong)距(ju)離在0.5米之內，從(cong)各個(ge)方面(mian)均(jun)優于(yu)(yu)原先的(de)電(dian)動(dong)輪(lun)椅車(che)(che)(che)，是電(dian)動(dong)輪(lun)椅車(che)(che)(che)的(de)演(yan)化升級(ji)車(che)(che)(che)型，能夠符合廣大老(lao)年朋友的(de)出行(xing)(xing)代(dai)步(bu)的(de)需求，同時提供更全(quan)面(mian)的(de)安(an)全(quan)保(bao)障(zhang)。

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二、老年代步車的組成結構

一般老年代步車是由(you)蓄(xu)電池、電動輪轂、控制(zhi)器、充電器四大件和車(che)(che)體部分組成。對于安(an)全性有(you)更(geng)高要求的臺生產廠(chang)家(jia)，則根據(ju)汽車(che)(che)的設計思路(lu)進行整體設計，整車(che)(che)一般(ban)分為(wei)，電力供(gong)應系統、前橋、后橋、控制(zhi)器、車(che)(che)架等幾部分。

由(you)于當(dang)前鋰電(dian)成本相對比較高(gao)，一(yi)般廠家都采用鉛酸電(dian)池，一(yi)般由(you)一(yi)組電(dian)池都由(you)多個12V電(dian)池串聯成電(dian)池組，做為(wei)電(dian)力供應系統。根據國(guo)家相關規定，電(dian)動(dong)車的(de)電(dian)壓(ya)不得超過(guo)48V。

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)輪(lun)轂(gu)分為：有刷有齒高(gao)速電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)輪(lun)轂(gu)（簡稱高(gao)速電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)或有聲電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)）、有刷無(wu)齒低速電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)輪(lun)轂(gu)（簡稱低速電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)或無(wu)聲電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)）及(ji)無(wu)刷無(wu)齒程(cheng)序電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)（簡稱程(cheng)序電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)）。

控制器按控制方式分類(lei)有全動型(xing)、智(zhi)能型(xing)、雙控型(xing)和(he)(he)非(fei)零啟動型(xing)四種類(lei)型(xing)，控制系統(tong)由主控制器、儀(yi)表顯示(shi)器、調速(su)轉把和(he)(he)剎車斷電(dian)(dian)把等(deng)組(zu)成，其主要(yao)功(gong)能具有無級調速(su)、剎車斷電(dian)(dian)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)、欠(qian)壓(ya)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)和(he)(he)過(guo)流保(bao)(bao)護(hu)等(deng)功(gong)能。

充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器按(an)(an)輸出插(cha)(cha)頭分(fen)類(lei)有(you)蓮花插(cha)(cha)頭式(shi)、普通(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)腦(nao)插(cha)(cha)頭式(shi)、特(te)制(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)腦(nao)插(cha)(cha)頭式(shi)。按(an)(an)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)性能分(fen)類(lei)為(wei)普通(tong)在線(xian)維護充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器、快(kuai)充(chong)在線(xian)維護充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器。按(an)(an)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓分(fen)類(lei)為(wei)24V、36V、48V。