一、四軸加工中心是哪四軸
數控(kong)加(jia)工(gong)中心(xin)(xin)根據軸(zhou)數不同可分為三(san)軸(zhou)、四軸(zhou)、五(wu)軸(zhou)等多種(zhong)類型,四軸(zhou)加(jia)工(gong)中心(xin)(xin),顧名思義(yi)就是(shi)有四個軸(zhou)的(de)加(jia)工(gong)中心(xin)(xin),在傳統X、Y、Z三(san)軸(zhou)的(de)基礎上,添加(jia)了一個旋轉軸(zhou),四軸(zhou)加(jia)工(gong)中心(xin)(xin)的(de)第四軸(zhou)可以是(shi)A軸(zhou)、B軸(zhou)或C軸(zhou)。
一(yi)(yi)般工(gong)件(jian)在(zai)空(kong)間(jian)未(wei)定位(wei)時,有六個(ge)自(zi)由度(du),X、Y、Z是三(san)個(ge)線性位(wei)移自(zi)由度(du),與(yu)其對(dui)應的(de)是A、B、C三(san)個(ge)旋轉(zhuan)位(wei)移自(zi)由度(du),一(yi)(yi)般選(xuan)用數控加(jia)(jia)工(gong)中心(xin)時,會(hui)根據加(jia)(jia)工(gong)對(dui)象規劃(hua)設置(zhi)軸(zhou)數,四軸(zhou)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)中心(xin)加(jia)(jia)了(le)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)旋轉(zhuan)軸(zhou),通常稱為第(di)四軸(zhou)。
二、四軸加工中心可以做哪些產品
四(si)(si)軸(zhou)(zhou)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)在傳統的(de)三軸(zhou)(zhou)基礎上添加(jia)了(le)一個旋轉軸(zhou)(zhou),它通過(guo)第四(si)(si)軸(zhou)(zhou)或第四(si)(si)軸(zhou)(zhou)橋板的(de)旋轉,實現被加(jia)工(gong)(gong)產品的(de)多面加(jia)工(gong)(gong),不僅(jin)克服(fu)了(le)三軸(zhou)(zhou)機(ji)床(chuang)無(wu)法完成的(de)加(jia)工(gong)(gong),還大大提高了(le)機(ji)床(chuang)的(de)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)效率,減少(shao)了(le)裝夾次(ci)數(shu),四(si)(si)軸(zhou)(zhou)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)的(de)應用范疇(chou)主要有:
1、四軸(zhou)加(jia)(jia)工中心(xin)適用(yong)于多面(mian)體零件的加(jia)(jia)工。
2、四(si)軸加工(gong)(gong)中心可以適用于(yu)帶回轉角度(du)的螺(luo)旋(xuan)線(圓(yuan)柱面油槽(cao)(cao))、螺(luo)旋(xuan)槽(cao)(cao)、圓(yuan)柱面凸輪加工(gong)(gong)。
3、四軸加(jia)工(gong)中心適用于(yu)葉片加(jia)工(gong)。
三、四軸加工中心的工作模式
四軸加工(gong)中心一般有兩(liang)種(zhong)加工(gong)模式:定位加工(gong)和插補加工(gong),分別對(dui)應多面體零件加工(gong)和回轉體輪廓(kuo)加工(gong):
1、定位加工
通(tong)過(guo)安裝在(zai)第(di)四軸(zhou)(zhou)上(shang)的夾具將加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)零(ling)(ling)件(jian)固定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)在(zai)旋(xuan)轉工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)臺上(shang),校正(zheng)基準(zhun)面以確(que)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)坐標系A軸(zhou)(zhou)零(ling)(ling)點(dian)位(wei)置。在(zai)實(shi)際加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)先通(tong)過(guo)A軸(zhou)(zhou)的角度(du)旋(xuan)轉得(de)到加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)平(ping)(ping)面的正(zheng)確(que)位(wei)置,然后(hou)利(li)用(yong)相(xiang)關指令(例(li)如(ru)(ru)FANUC系統(tong)中(zhong)的Ml0)鎖定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)該位(wei)置,保(bao)證加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)程中(zhong)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)面與(yu)A軸(zhou)(zhou)零(ling)(ling)點(dian)位(wei)置固定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding),從而使得(de)該加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)面內所有元素的完整正(zheng)確(que)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)。對(dui)多(duo)面體下一個(ge)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)面加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)時,只需先利(li)用(yong)A軸(zhou)(zhou)打開指令(例(li)如(ru)(ru)FANUC系統(tong)中(zhong)的Mll)將A軸(zhou)(zhou)打開,再旋(xuan)轉A軸(zhou)(zhou)角度(du)至下一個(ge)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)平(ping)(ping)面與(yu)A軸(zhou)(zhou)軸(zhou)(zhou)線和主軸(zhou)(zhou)軸(zhou)(zhou)線組成的相(xiang)交平(ping)(ping)面平(ping)(ping)行或垂直(zhi),然后(hou)鎖定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)即可加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)。
2、插補加工
四軸加工中心的(de)(de)(de)插補(bu)加工主要適(shi)用(yong)于回(hui)轉(zhuan)零(ling)件的(de)(de)(de)軸面輪廓加工或(huo)螺旋槽的(de)(de)(de)加工,利用(yong)四軸聯動插補(bu)計(ji)算而成。例如圓(yuan)柱(zhu)(zhu)面上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)回(hui)轉(zhuan)槽、圓(yuan)柱(zhu)(zhu)凸輪的(de)(de)(de)加工主要是依靠A軸的(de)(de)(de)旋轉(zhuan)加X軸的(de)(de)(de)移(yi)動來實現的(de)(de)(de)。此(ci)時,需要將(jiang)A軸角度展(zhan)開,與X軸做插補(bu)運算,以確保A軸與X軸的(de)(de)(de)聯動,這個過程(cheng)將(jiang)用(yong)到圓(yuan)柱(zhu)(zhu)插補(bu)命令(例如FANUC的(de)(de)(de)G07.1)。