一、四軸加工中心是哪四軸

數控加(jia)(jia)工中(zhong)心(xin)(xin)根據軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)數不(bu)同可(ke)分為(wei)三軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)、四(si)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)、五軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)等多種類型，四(si)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)加(jia)(jia)工中(zhong)心(xin)(xin)，顧名思(si)義(yi)就是有(you)四(si)個(ge)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)的加(jia)(jia)工中(zhong)心(xin)(xin)，在傳統X、Y、Z三軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)的基(ji)礎上，添(tian)加(jia)(jia)了一個(ge)旋轉(zhuan)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)，四(si)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)加(jia)(jia)工中(zhong)心(xin)(xin)的第(di)四(si)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)可(ke)以(yi)是A軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)、B軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)或C軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)。

一(yi)般(ban)工(gong)(gong)件(jian)在(zai)空(kong)間(jian)未(wei)定位(wei)時(shi)，有六個(ge)自由度(du)，X、Y、Z是(shi)三(san)(san)個(ge)線性位(wei)移自由度(du)，與其對應的是(shi)A、B、C三(san)(san)個(ge)旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)位(wei)移自由度(du)，一(yi)般(ban)選(xuan)用數(shu)控加工(gong)(gong)中心(xin)時(shi)，會根據加工(gong)(gong)對象(xiang)規劃設置軸(zhou)數(shu)，四(si)軸(zhou)加工(gong)(gong)中心(xin)加了一(yi)個(ge)旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)軸(zhou)，通常稱(cheng)為第四(si)軸(zhou)。

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二、四軸加工中心可以做哪些產品

四軸(zhou)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)在傳統的三軸(zhou)基礎上添加(jia)(jia)了一個旋轉軸(zhou)，它通過第(di)四軸(zhou)或第(di)四軸(zhou)橋板的旋轉，實現被加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)產品的多面加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)，不僅克服了三軸(zhou)機床(chuang)無法完(wan)成的加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)，還大大提(ti)高了機床(chuang)的加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)效率(lv)，減(jian)少了裝夾次(ci)數，四軸(zhou)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)的應用范疇主要有：

1、四軸加工(gong)中心適(shi)用(yong)于多(duo)面體零件的加工(gong)。

2、四軸加(jia)工中心可以適用(yong)于(yu)帶回(hui)轉角度的螺旋線（圓(yuan)柱面(mian)油槽(cao)）、螺旋槽(cao)、圓(yuan)柱面(mian)凸輪加(jia)工。

3、四軸加工中心適用于葉片加工。

三、四軸加工中心的工作模式

四軸加工中心一般有兩種加工模(mo)式：定位加工和插(cha)補(bu)加工，分(fen)別對應多面體零件加工和回轉(zhuan)體輪(lun)廓加工：

1、定位加工

通(tong)過(guo)安裝在第四軸(zhou)(zhou)上的(de)(de)夾具(ju)將加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)零件固(gu)定在旋(xuan)轉工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作臺上，校(xiao)正基準面(mian)(mian)(mian)以確(que)定工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件坐標系(xi)A軸(zhou)(zhou)零點位(wei)置。在實際(ji)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)先通(tong)過(guo)A軸(zhou)(zhou)的(de)(de)角度(du)旋(xuan)轉得(de)到加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作平面(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)正確(que)位(wei)置，然(ran)后利用相(xiang)關指(zhi)(zhi)令（例如FANUC系(xi)統中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)Ml0）鎖定該位(wei)置，保證加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)與A軸(zhou)(zhou)零點位(wei)置固(gu)定，從(cong)而使得(de)該加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)內所有元素的(de)(de)完整正確(que)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。對多面(mian)(mian)(mian)體下一個加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)時(shi)，只需先利用A軸(zhou)(zhou)打(da)開指(zhi)(zhi)令（例如FANUC系(xi)統中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)Mll）將A軸(zhou)(zhou)打(da)開，再(zai)旋(xuan)轉A軸(zhou)(zhou)角度(du)至下一個加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)平面(mian)(mian)(mian)與A軸(zhou)(zhou)軸(zhou)(zhou)線和主(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)軸(zhou)(zhou)線組(zu)成的(de)(de)相(xiang)交(jiao)平面(mian)(mian)(mian)平行或(huo)垂直，然(ran)后鎖定即(ji)可加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。

2、插補加工

四軸加工中心的插補加(jia)(jia)工(gong)主(zhu)要(yao)適用于回轉(zhuan)零(ling)件的軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)面(mian)輪廓加(jia)(jia)工(gong)或螺旋槽的加(jia)(jia)工(gong)，利(li)用四軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)聯動插補計算而(er)成。例如圓(yuan)柱(zhu)面(mian)上的回轉(zhuan)槽、圓(yuan)柱(zhu)凸輪的加(jia)(jia)工(gong)主(zhu)要(yao)是依靠A軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)的旋轉(zhuan)加(jia)(jia)X軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)的移動來(lai)實現的。此時，需(xu)要(yao)將A軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)角度(du)展開，與(yu)X軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)做插補運算，以(yi)確保(bao)A軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)與(yu)X軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)的聯動，這個(ge)過程將用到(dao)圓(yuan)柱(zhu)插補命令(ling)（例如FANUC的G07.1）。