一、什么是燃料電池客車

燃(ran)(ran)料(liao)電(dian)池客車(che)是(shi)電(dian)動(dong)(dong)客車(che)的(de)一(yi)種，不過它不是(shi)充(chong)電(dian)的(de)，而(er)是(shi)使用氫氧混(hun)合燃(ran)(ran)料(liao)電(dian)池，通過補充(chong)燃(ran)(ran)料(liao)來(lai)提供動(dong)(dong)力(li)，簡單來(lai)說(shuo)，燃(ran)(ran)料(liao)電(dian)池客車(che)是(shi)一(yi)種用車(che)載燃(ran)(ran)料(liao)電(dian)池裝(zhuang)置產生的(de)電(dian)力(li)作為(wei)動(dong)(dong)力(li)的(de)客車(che)，屬于新能源(yuan)客車(che)。

二、燃料電池客車工作原理是什么

燃(ran)(ran)料(liao)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)客車(che)可(ke)以在五分鐘內給(gei)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)灌滿燃(ran)(ran)料(liao)，而不用等上(shang)幾個小(xiao)時充電(dian)，因此和普通的電(dian)動(dong)客車(che)相比更方便，那么燃(ran)(ran)料(liao)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)客車(che)是怎么工(gong)作(zuo)的呢？

燃料電(dian)池客(ke)車(che)的(de)原理是：作(zuo)為(wei)燃料的(de)氫在(zai)客(ke)車(che)搭載的(de)燃料電(dian)池中(zhong)(zhong)，與大氣中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)氧氣發生(sheng)氧化還原化學反應，產生(sheng)出電(dian)能來帶動(dong)(dong)電(dian)動(dong)(dong)機工(gong)作(zuo)，由電(dian)動(dong)(dong)機帶動(dong)(dong)客(ke)車(che)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)機械(xie)傳動(dong)(dong)結(jie)構(gou)，進而(er)帶動(dong)(dong)汽車(che)的(de)前橋(qiao)（或后橋(qiao)）等行走機械(xie)結(jie)構(gou)工(gong)作(zuo)，從而(er)驅動(dong)(dong)電(dian)動(dong)(dong)客(ke)車(che)前進。

簡單來說(shuo)，就是燃料電池反(fan)應(ying)發電，產生(sheng)電能驅動新能源客車，而且這種反(fan)應(ying)只會產生(sheng)極少的(de)二氧(yang)化碳和氮氧(yang)化物(wu)，副產品主要產生(sheng)水(shui)，相當綠(lv)色環保。

該圖片由注冊用戶"荊湖酒徒"提供，版權聲明反饋

三、燃料電池客車有幾種

燃(ran)料(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)客(ke)(ke)車(che)(che)按(an)照驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)形式(shi)可分為(wei)純燃(ran)料(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)客(ke)(ke)車(che)(che)和混(hun)合(he)驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)客(ke)(ke)車(che)(che)，混(hun)合(he)驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)客(ke)(ke)車(che)(che)又(you)可按(an)輔助動(dong)(dong)力源分為(wei)燃(ran)料(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)+蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)，燃(ran)料(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)+超(chao)級(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)，燃(ran)料(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)+蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)+超(chao)級(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)等多(duo)種：

1、純燃料電池客車

這種新能源客車(che)以(yi)(yi)燃料(liao)電(dian)池(chi)作(zuo)為(wei)單一動(dong)力源，經(jing)DCDC帶動(dong)電(dian)機驅動(dong)整車(che)行駛，結構簡(jian)單，但是燃料(liao)電(dian)池(chi)功(gong)率要(yao)(yao)求大，成本昂貴，由于燃料(liao)電(dian)池(chi)作(zuo)為(wei)唯一動(dong)力源，所以(yi)(yi)對燃料(liao)電(dian)池(chi)的性(xing)能和(he)可靠(kao)性(xing)要(yao)(yao)求高，不能進行制動(dong)能量回收。

2、燃料電池+蓄電池混合驅動客車

燃料(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)和蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)均為整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)車(che)(che)動(dong)力(li)源，燃料(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)經DCDC帶動(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)驅(qu)動(dong)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)車(che)(che)行(xing)駛，蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)也可驅(qu)動(dong)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)車(che)(che)行(xing)駛，進(jin)行(xing)制動(dong)能量回收(shou)，并(bing)用(yong)于空壓機等(deng)部件(jian)工(gong)作，電(dian)(dian)(dian)堆加熱(re)，氣體(ti)加濕。此構型降(jiang)低(di)了(le)燃料(liao)的功率要求、成本，并(bing)可實現制動(dong)能量回收(shou)，但是增加了(le)系統復雜性(xing)和蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的維護成本。

3、燃料電池+超級電容混合驅動客車

燃料電池(chi)和超級(ji)(ji)電容均為整(zheng)(zheng)車動(dong)力(li)源，燃料電池(chi)經DCDC帶動(dong)電機驅動(dong)整(zheng)(zheng)車行駛，與蓄(xu)電池(chi)相比，超級(ji)(ji)電容壽(shou)命長、效率(lv)高、成(cheng)本低，但(dan)由于(yu)其容量小(xiao)，制(zhi)動(dong)能量回(hui)收能量有限。

4、燃料電池+蓄電池+超級電容混合驅動客車

燃料電(dian)池、超(chao)級電(dian)容、蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)池均為整車動力源，燃料電(dian)池經DCDC帶動電(dian)機驅動整車行駛，與(yu)以(yi)上構型相比，超(chao)級電(dian)容可提供加速或吸收緊急制動的尖(jian)峰(feng)電(dian)流，減(jian)輕蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)池的負(fu)擔，延長蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)池的壽(shou)命，但(dan)復(fu)雜程度(du)高(gao)、控(kong)制復(fu)雜。