一、什么是燃料電池客車

燃料(liao)電(dian)池客車(che)(che)是電(dian)動(dong)客車(che)(che)的(de)一種，不過(guo)它(ta)不是充(chong)電(dian)的(de)，而是使用氫氧混合燃料(liao)電(dian)池，通過(guo)補充(chong)燃料(liao)來(lai)(lai)提(ti)供動(dong)力，簡單來(lai)(lai)說，燃料(liao)電(dian)池客車(che)(che)是一種用車(che)(che)載燃料(liao)電(dian)池裝置產(chan)生的(de)電(dian)力作為動(dong)力的(de)客車(che)(che)，屬于(yu)新能源客車(che)(che)。

二、燃料電池客車工作原理是什么

燃(ran)料電(dian)池客(ke)車(che)可以在五分鐘(zhong)內給(gei)電(dian)池灌滿(man)燃(ran)料，而不用等(deng)上幾個(ge)小時(shi)充電(dian)，因此和普通的電(dian)動客(ke)車(che)相比更方便，那么(me)燃(ran)料電(dian)池客(ke)車(che)是(shi)怎么(me)工作(zuo)的呢？

燃(ran)料電(dian)池客車的原理是(shi)：作為(wei)燃(ran)料的氫在客車搭載的燃(ran)料電(dian)池中(zhong)，與大氣(qi)中(zhong)的氧氣(qi)發生氧化還(huan)原化學(xue)反(fan)應，產生出電(dian)能來帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)工作，由電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)客車中(zhong)的機(ji)械(xie)傳動(dong)(dong)(dong)結(jie)構，進(jin)而(er)帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)汽車的前橋（或后橋）等行走機(ji)械(xie)結(jie)構工作，從而(er)驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)客車前進(jin)。

簡單來說，就是燃料電(dian)池反應發電(dian)，產(chan)生電(dian)能(neng)驅動新能(neng)源客車(che)，而且這(zhe)種反應只會產(chan)生極少(shao)的二(er)氧(yang)(yang)化碳(tan)和氮氧(yang)(yang)化物(wu)，副產(chan)品主要產(chan)生水(shui)，相當綠色環保。

該圖片由注冊用戶"荊湖酒徒"提供，版權聲明反饋

三、燃料電池客車有幾種

燃(ran)(ran)料(liao)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)客車(che)按照驅動(dong)(dong)形式(shi)可分為(wei)純燃(ran)(ran)料(liao)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)驅動(dong)(dong)客車(che)和混合(he)驅動(dong)(dong)客車(che)，混合(he)驅動(dong)(dong)客車(che)又可按輔助(zhu)動(dong)(dong)力源分為(wei)燃(ran)(ran)料(liao)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)+蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)，燃(ran)(ran)料(liao)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)+超級(ji)電(dian)(dian)容，燃(ran)(ran)料(liao)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)+蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)+超級(ji)電(dian)(dian)容等多種：

1、純燃料電池客車

這種新能(neng)源(yuan)客(ke)車以燃料(liao)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)作為(wei)單一動力(li)(li)源(yuan)，經(jing)DCDC帶動電(dian)(dian)機驅動整車行(xing)(xing)駛，結構簡(jian)單，但是燃料(liao)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)功(gong)率(lv)要求(qiu)大，成(cheng)本(ben)昂貴，由于燃料(liao)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)作為(wei)唯一動力(li)(li)源(yuan)，所以對燃料(liao)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的性(xing)能(neng)和可(ke)靠(kao)性(xing)要求(qiu)高，不能(neng)進行(xing)(xing)制動能(neng)量回收(shou)。

2、燃料電池+蓄電池混合驅動客車

燃料(liao)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)和蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)均為整(zheng)車動(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)源，燃料(liao)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)經DCDC帶動(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)整(zheng)車行駛，蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)也(ye)可驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)整(zheng)車行駛，進行制(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)能量回(hui)收，并(bing)用(yong)于(yu)空壓機等部(bu)件(jian)工作，電(dian)(dian)堆加(jia)熱，氣體(ti)加(jia)濕(shi)。此(ci)構型降(jiang)低(di)了(le)燃料(liao)的功率(lv)要(yao)求、成(cheng)本，并(bing)可實(shi)現制(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)能量回(hui)收，但是增(zeng)加(jia)了(le)系統復雜性和蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的維(wei)護成(cheng)本。

3、燃料電池+超級電容混合驅動客車

燃料電(dian)池和超級電(dian)容均(jun)為整車(che)(che)動力(li)源，燃料電(dian)池經DCDC帶動電(dian)機驅(qu)動整車(che)(che)行(xing)駛(shi)，與蓄電(dian)池相比，超級電(dian)容壽命長、效率高、成(cheng)本低，但由于(yu)其容量(liang)小(xiao)，制動能(neng)量(liang)回收能(neng)量(liang)有(you)限。

4、燃料電池+蓄電池+超級電容混合驅動客車

燃料(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池、超級電(dian)(dian)(dian)容、蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池均為(wei)整(zheng)車動力源，燃料(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池經(jing)DCDC帶動電(dian)(dian)(dian)機驅動整(zheng)車行駛，與以上構型相(xiang)比，超級電(dian)(dian)(dian)容可提供加速或吸(xi)收緊急制動的(de)(de)尖峰電(dian)(dian)(dian)流，減輕蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)負(fu)擔(dan)，延長蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)壽命，但復(fu)雜程度高、控制復(fu)雜。