一、霓虹燈里的氣體是什么

霓虹燈是一種冷陰極氣體放電燈，它內部充有一些低氣壓的氣體，通過氣體電離來發出光，那么霓虹燈是什么氣體呢？

據(ju)了解，霓虹(hong)燈內填充的(de)(de)(de)一般(ban)是(shi)(shi)稀有(you)氣體，不同氣體發出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)光顏色(se)也(ye)有(you)所(suo)不同：世界上第一盞(zhan)霓虹(hong)燈填充的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)氖氣，這也(ye)是(shi)(shi)霓虹(hong)燈名(ming)字的(de)(de)(de)由來(lai)（氖的(de)(de)(de)英(ying)文名(ming)neon音譯過(guo)來(lai)就是(shi)(shi)霓虹(hong)）。

后來人們發(fa)現，其他(ta)稀有(you)氣(qi)(qi)體填充(chong)進也能發(fa)出(chu)燈(deng)光(guang)(guang)，比如充(chong)入(ru)氬(ya)氣(qi)(qi)會發(fa)出(chu)淺藍色(se)的光(guang)(guang)，充(chong)入(ru)氦氣(qi)(qi)會發(fa)出(chu)淡(dan)紅色(se)光(guang)(guang)。有(you)的霓虹(hong)燈(deng)還會充(chong)入(ru)氖(nai)、氬(ya)、氦、水(shui)銀蒸(zheng)氣(qi)(qi)等(deng)四種(zhong)氣(qi)(qi)體（也有(you)三種(zhong)或兩(liang)種(zhong)的）的混合(he)物，通過改(gai)變各種(zhong)氣(qi)(qi)體的相對(dui)含量來制作出(chu)五(wu)光(guang)(guang)十色(se)的各種(zhong)霓虹(hong)燈(deng)。

該圖片由注冊用戶"荊湖酒徒"提供，版權聲明反饋

二、霓虹燈中的稀有氣體是怎么發光的

霓虹燈中填入(ru)稀(xi)有氣體，通(tong)過電離稀(xi)有氣體實現(xian)發光，具體的原理(li)是：

當(dang)外電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路接通后，變壓(ya)(ya)器輸出端就(jiu)會產生高(gao)(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)。當(dang)這(zhe)一(yi)高(gao)(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)加(jia)(jia)到(dao)霓(ni)虹(hong)燈管(guan)兩端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)上時，霓(ni)虹(hong)燈管(guan)內的(de)帶電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)粒子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)在(zai)高(gao)(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場中(zhong)被(bei)加(jia)(jia)速并飛向電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)，能激發(fa)產生大量的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。這(zhe)些激發(fa)出來(lai)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，在(zai)高(gao)(gao)(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場中(zhong)被(bei)加(jia)(jia)速，并與燈管(guan)內的(de)氣(qi)體(ti)(ti)原(yuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)發(fa)生碰撞(zhuang)(zhuang)。當(dang)這(zhe)些電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)碰撞(zhuang)(zhuang)游離(li)氣(qi)體(ti)(ti)原(yuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)能量足夠大時，就(jiu)能使氣(qi)體(ti)(ti)原(yuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)發(fa)生電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)離(li)而成(cheng)(cheng)為正離(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，這(zhe)就(jiu)是氣(qi)體(ti)(ti)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)離(li)現象。帶電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)粒子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)與氣(qi)體(ti)(ti)原(yuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)之間的(de)碰撞(zhuang)(zhuang)，多余的(de)能量就(jiu)以(yi)光(guang)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)形式發(fa)射(she)出來(lai)，這(zhe)就(jiu)完成(cheng)(cheng)了霓(ni)虹(hong)燈的(de)發(fa)光(guang)點亮的(de)整(zheng)個過程。

三、稀有氣體用于霓虹燈是什么性質

稀有氣體用于霓虹燈是物理性質。

稀有氣體原子核外不同電子層上的電子有不同的能級結構，當電子在不同能級上躍遷時就會發光，而原子在特定的兩個能級間的躍遷發出的光是同頻率的，因此會有相同的顏色。稀有(you)氣體(ti)的(de)特點是(shi)(shi)幾乎不會與其他物質(zhi)發生化(hua)學反應，極難形成化(hua)學鍵(jian)，而這也(ye)是(shi)(shi)它們能夠被制成霓虹燈的(de)關鍵(jian)。