一、霓虹燈里的氣體是什么
霓虹燈是一種冷陰極氣體放電燈,它內部充有一些低氣壓的氣體,通過氣體電離來發出光,那么霓虹燈是什么氣體呢?
據(ju)了解,霓虹(hong)燈(deng)內填(tian)(tian)充的(de)一般是(shi)稀有(you)氣體,不(bu)同氣體發出(chu)的(de)光顏色也(ye)有(you)所不(bu)同:世界上第一盞霓虹(hong)燈(deng)填(tian)(tian)充的(de)是(shi)氖氣,這也(ye)是(shi)霓虹(hong)燈(deng)名(ming)字(zi)的(de)由(you)來(lai)(氖的(de)英文名(ming)neon音譯過(guo)來(lai)就是(shi)霓虹(hong))。
后來人們發現,其他(ta)稀有(you)氣體(ti)填充(chong)進也能發出燈光,比如充(chong)入(ru)氬氣會(hui)發出淺藍(lan)色的(de)光,充(chong)入(ru)氦(hai)氣會(hui)發出淡紅色光。有(you)的(de)霓虹(hong)燈還會(hui)充(chong)入(ru)氖、氬、氦(hai)、水(shui)銀蒸氣等(deng)四種(zhong)氣體(ti)(也有(you)三種(zhong)或兩種(zhong)的(de))的(de)混合物,通(tong)過(guo)改變各(ge)種(zhong)氣體(ti)的(de)相對含量來制作出五(wu)光十色的(de)各(ge)種(zhong)霓虹(hong)燈。
二、霓虹燈中的稀有氣體是怎么發光的
霓(ni)虹(hong)燈(deng)中填入稀有(you)氣體,通過電離稀有(you)氣體實(shi)現發光(guang),具(ju)體的(de)原(yuan)理是:
當(dang)外(wai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)接通后,變(bian)壓(ya)器輸出端就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)會產生(sheng)(sheng)高壓(ya)。當(dang)這(zhe)(zhe)一高壓(ya)加(jia)(jia)到(dao)霓(ni)虹燈(deng)管(guan)兩端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)上時(shi),霓(ni)虹燈(deng)管(guan)內(nei)(nei)的(de)帶(dai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)粒子(zi)(zi)(zi)在高壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場中(zhong)被加(jia)(jia)速(su)并飛(fei)向電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji),能(neng)激發(fa)產生(sheng)(sheng)大量的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)。這(zhe)(zhe)些激發(fa)出來的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi),在高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場中(zhong)被加(jia)(jia)速(su),并與燈(deng)管(guan)內(nei)(nei)的(de)氣(qi)(qi)體原(yuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)碰撞(zhuang)。當(dang)這(zhe)(zhe)些電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)碰撞(zhuang)游離氣(qi)(qi)體原(yuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)能(neng)量足夠(gou)大時(shi),就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)能(neng)使氣(qi)(qi)體原(yuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)離而成為(wei)正離子(zi)(zi)(zi)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi),這(zhe)(zhe)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)氣(qi)(qi)體的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)離現象。帶(dai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)粒子(zi)(zi)(zi)與氣(qi)(qi)體原(yuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)之間的(de)碰撞(zhuang),多(duo)余的(de)能(neng)量就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)以光子(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)形式發(fa)射出來,這(zhe)(zhe)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)完成了(le)霓(ni)虹燈(deng)的(de)發(fa)光點亮(liang)的(de)整個(ge)過程(cheng)。
三、稀有氣體用于霓虹燈是什么性質
稀有氣體用于霓虹燈是物理性質。
稀有氣體原子核外不同電子層上的電子有不同的能級結構,當電子在不同能級上躍遷時就會發光,而原子在特定的兩個能級間的躍遷發出的光是同頻率的,因此會有相同的顏色。稀有氣體(ti)的(de)特點(dian)是(shi)幾乎不會與其他(ta)物(wu)質發生化學反應,極難形成化學鍵,而這也是(shi)它(ta)們(men)能夠(gou)被制成霓虹燈的(de)關鍵。