一、霓虹燈里的氣體是什么
霓虹燈是一種冷陰極氣體放電燈,它內部充有一些低氣壓的氣體,通過氣體電離來發出光,那么霓虹燈是什么氣體呢?
據了解,霓(ni)虹(hong)(hong)燈(deng)內填(tian)充(chong)的一(yi)般是(shi)稀有氣體,不(bu)(bu)同(tong)氣體發出的光顏色也有所(suo)不(bu)(bu)同(tong):世界上第(di)一(yi)盞霓(ni)虹(hong)(hong)燈(deng)填(tian)充(chong)的是(shi)氖氣,這(zhe)也是(shi)霓(ni)虹(hong)(hong)燈(deng)名(ming)字的由來(lai)(氖的英文名(ming)neon音(yin)譯過來(lai)就是(shi)霓(ni)虹(hong)(hong))。
后來(lai)人們發現,其(qi)他稀(xi)有氣(qi)體(ti)填充進也(ye)能發出燈光(guang),比(bi)如充入(ru)氬(ya)氣(qi)會(hui)發出淺藍色(se)的(de)光(guang),充入(ru)氦(hai)氣(qi)會(hui)發出淡紅色(se)光(guang)。有的(de)霓虹(hong)燈還會(hui)充入(ru)氖、氬(ya)、氦(hai)、水銀(yin)蒸氣(qi)等四種(zhong)氣(qi)體(ti)(也(ye)有三種(zhong)或兩(liang)種(zhong)的(de))的(de)混合物(wu),通過改變(bian)各種(zhong)氣(qi)體(ti)的(de)相對含量來(lai)制作(zuo)出五光(guang)十色(se)的(de)各種(zhong)霓虹(hong)燈。
二、霓虹燈中的稀有氣體是怎么發光的
霓虹(hong)燈中填(tian)入(ru)稀有氣(qi)體,通過(guo)電(dian)離(li)稀有氣(qi)體實現發(fa)光,具體的原(yuan)理是(shi):
當(dang)外電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路接(jie)通后,變壓(ya)器輸(shu)出端(duan)就(jiu)會產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)高壓(ya)。當(dang)這一高壓(ya)加(jia)(jia)到霓虹燈(deng)管(guan)(guan)兩端(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)上時,霓虹燈(deng)管(guan)(guan)內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)帶(dai)(dai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)粒子(zi)(zi)在高壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場中被加(jia)(jia)速并(bing)飛向電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji),能(neng)(neng)激(ji)(ji)發(fa)產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)大(da)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)。這些激(ji)(ji)發(fa)出來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi),在高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場中被加(jia)(jia)速,并(bing)與燈(deng)管(guan)(guan)內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)氣(qi)(qi)體(ti)原(yuan)(yuan)子(zi)(zi)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)碰(peng)撞。當(dang)這些電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)碰(peng)撞游離氣(qi)(qi)體(ti)原(yuan)(yuan)子(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)量(liang)足夠大(da)時,就(jiu)能(neng)(neng)使(shi)氣(qi)(qi)體(ti)原(yuan)(yuan)子(zi)(zi)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)離而(er)成為(wei)正(zheng)離子(zi)(zi)和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi),這就(jiu)是氣(qi)(qi)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)離現象。帶(dai)(dai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)粒子(zi)(zi)與氣(qi)(qi)體(ti)原(yuan)(yuan)子(zi)(zi)之間的(de)(de)(de)碰(peng)撞,多余的(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)量(liang)就(jiu)以光(guang)子(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)形式發(fa)射(she)出來(lai),這就(jiu)完成了霓虹燈(deng)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)光(guang)點亮的(de)(de)(de)整個過程。
三、稀有氣體用于霓虹燈是什么性質
稀有氣體用于霓虹燈是物理性質。
稀有氣體原子核外不同電子層上的電子有不同的能級結構,當電子在不同能級上躍遷時就會發光,而原子在特定的兩個能級間的躍遷發出的光是同頻率的,因此會有相同的顏色。稀有(you)氣體的特點(dian)是(shi)幾乎不會與其(qi)他物質(zhi)發生化學(xue)反應(ying),極難(nan)形成化學(xue)鍵(jian),而這也(ye)是(shi)它們能夠被制成霓(ni)虹燈的關(guan)鍵(jian)。