一、二手車經銷商收購二手車增值稅可以抵扣嗎
按照《二手車流通管理辦法》(商務部令2005年第2號公布)規定,二手車經銷企業銷(xiao)售(shou)二手車時,應當向(xiang)買方開具(ju)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)務機關監(jian)制的(de)(de)統一發票(piao)。因二手車銷(xiao)售(shou)統一發票(piao)不是有效的(de)(de)增(zeng)(zeng)值(zhi)(zhi)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)扣稅(shui)(shui)(shui)憑證,為維護購(gou)買方納(na)(na)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)人(ren)的(de)(de)進(jin)項抵扣權(quan)益(yi),公告(gao)明確,從事二手車經銷(xiao)業務的(de)(de)納(na)(na)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)人(ren)除按(an)規定開具(ju)二手車銷(xiao)售(shou)統一發票(piao)外,購(gou)買方索取增(zeng)(zeng)值(zhi)(zhi)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)專(zhuan)用發票(piao)的(de)(de),納(na)(na)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)人(ren)應當為其(qi)開具(ju)征收率為0.5%的(de)(de)增(zeng)(zeng)值(zhi)(zhi)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)專(zhuan)用發票(piao)。
需要注意的是,根據《中華人民共和國增值(zhi)稅(shui)暫行條例》相關規定,如果購(gou)買方為(wei)消(xiao)費者個人,從事二手車經銷(xiao)業(ye)務的納稅(shui)人不得(de)為(wei)其開具增值(zhi)稅(shui)專用發票。
一(yi)般納(na)(na)(na)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)人(ren)在辦理增(zeng)(zeng)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)納(na)(na)(na)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)申(shen)報(bao)時,減(jian)按0.5%征(zheng)(zheng)收率征(zheng)(zheng)收增(zeng)(zeng)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的銷(xiao)售(shou)額(e)(e),應(ying)當填(tian)寫(xie)(xie)在《增(zeng)(zeng)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)納(na)(na)(na)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)申(shen)報(bao)表(biao)附列(lie)資料(一(yi))》(本期銷(xiao)售(shou)情況明細)“二、簡易計稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)方法計稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)”中“3%征(zheng)(zheng)收率的貨(huo)物(wu)及(ji)加工修理修配勞(lao)務”相(xiang)應(ying)欄次(ci);對(dui)應(ying)減(jian)征(zheng)(zheng)的增(zeng)(zeng)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)應(ying)納(na)(na)(na)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)額(e)(e),按銷(xiao)售(shou)額(e)(e)的2.5%計算填(tian)寫(xie)(xie)在《增(zeng)(zeng)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)納(na)(na)(na)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)申(shen)報(bao)表(biao)(一(yi)般納(na)(na)(na)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)人(ren)適(shi)用)》“應(ying)納(na)(na)(na)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)額(e)(e)減(jian)征(zheng)(zheng)額(e)(e)”及(ji)《增(zeng)(zeng)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)減(jian)免(mian)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)申(shen)報(bao)明細表(biao)》減(jian)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)項目相(xiang)應(ying)欄次(ci)。
小(xiao)規模(mo)納(na)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)人在(zai)辦理增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)值(zhi)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)納(na)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)申(shen)報(bao)(bao)時,減按(an)0.5%征(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)收(shou)率征(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)收(shou)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)值(zhi)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)銷(xiao)售額(e),應(ying)當填寫在(zai)《增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)值(zhi)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)納(na)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)申(shen)報(bao)(bao)表(biao)(biao)(小(xiao)規模(mo)納(na)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)人適(shi)(shi)用)》“應(ying)征(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)值(zhi)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)不(bu)含稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)銷(xiao)售額(e)(3%征(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)收(shou)率)”相應(ying)欄次;對(dui)應(ying)減征(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)的(de)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)值(zhi)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)應(ying)納(na)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)額(e),按(an)銷(xiao)售額(e)的(de)2.5%計算填寫在(zai)《增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)值(zhi)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)納(na)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)申(shen)報(bao)(bao)表(biao)(biao)(小(xiao)規模(mo)納(na)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)人適(shi)(shi)用)》“本期應(ying)納(na)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)額(e)減征(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)額(e)”及《增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)值(zhi)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)減免稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)申(shen)報(bao)(bao)明細表(biao)(biao)》減稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)項目(mu)相應(ying)欄次。
二、二手車經銷商銷售二手車增值稅計算公式
為提高新出臺二(er)(er)手車經銷業務減征增值稅(shui)政策執(zhi)行(xing)的確定性和(he)統一性,公告明確,自(zi)2020年5月1日至(zhi)2023年12月31日,從事二(er)(er)手車經銷業務的納稅(shui)人銷售其收購的二(er)(er)手車,減按0.5%征收率征收增值稅(shui),并(bing)按下列公式(shi)計算銷售額:
銷售額=含稅(shui)銷售額/(1+0.5%)
同時(shi),為規范征管,本公(gong)(gong)告(gao)發布后新出(chu)臺(tai)的增值稅征收率變動政策,均比照(zhao)上述公(gong)(gong)式(shi)原理計算銷售額。