一、無刷直流電機是永磁電機嗎

現代電機與控制技術以電流驅動模式的不同，將永(yong)磁直流無刷電機分為兩大類：方波驅動電機和正弦波驅動電機。前者稱為直流無刷電機（BLDC）或電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)換(huan)相直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)機，后者曾有人稱為無刷交流電(dian)(dian)(dian)機（BLAC），現在稱為永磁同步電(dian)(dian)(dian)機。

表(biao)面看來，直流無(wu)刷(shua)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)（BLDC）和(he)永(yong)(yong)磁(ci)同(tong)步(bu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)（PMSM）的(de)(de)基本(ben)結構是相(xiang)同(tong)的(de)(de)：它們的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)都(dou)是永(yong)(yong)磁(ci)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)，轉(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)由永(yong)(yong)磁(ci)體組成基本(ben)結構，定(ding)子(zi)安放(fang)有多相(xiang)交(jiao)流繞(rao)(rao)組；都(dou)是永(yong)(yong)久磁(ci)鐵(tie)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)和(he)定(ding)子(zi)的(de)(de)交(jiao)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)流相(xiang)互作(zuo)用(yong)產生電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)的(de)(de)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)矩；在(zai)繞(rao)(rao)組中驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流必須(xu)與轉(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)位(wei)置(zhi)反(fan)饋(kui)同(tong)步(bu)。轉(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)位(wei)置(zhi)反(fan)饋(kui)信號(hao)可以(yi)來自(zi)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)位(wei)置(zhi)傳感器(qi)，或者像在(zai)一些(xie)無(wu)傳感器(qi)控制方式那樣通(tong)過檢(jian)測(ce)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)相(xiang)繞(rao)(rao)組的(de)(de)反(fan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)勢等方法得到。本(ben)質上(shang)，無(wu)刷(shua)直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)也(ye)是一種永(yong)(yong)磁(ci)同(tong)步(bu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)，調速實(shi)際(ji)也(ye)屬(shu)于變(bian)壓變(bian)頻調速范疇。

該圖片由注冊用戶"天空之城"提供，版權聲明反饋

二、無刷直流電機和永磁同步電機區別

1、概念區別

直流無刷電(dian)(dian)機(ji)是指一(yi)個系(xi)統，準(zhun)確(que)地稱為(wei)直流無刷電(dian)(dian)機(ji)系(xi)統，強調電(dian)(dian)機(ji)和(he)(he)控(kong)制器(qi)(qi)的集成設計，是一(yi)個整體，相互依賴(lai)性很高(gao)，電(dian)(dian)機(ji)和(he)(he)控(kong)制器(qi)(qi)不能獨(du)立存在和(he)(he)工作，評估(gu)其整體技術性能；交流永磁同步電(dian)(dian)機(ji)是指電(dian)(dian)機(ji)，強調電(dian)(dian)機(ji)本身是一(yi)個獨(du)立工作的設備，可(ke)以離(li)開(kai)控(kong)制器(qi)(qi)或變(bian)頻器(qi)(qi)。

2、性能區別

從設計(ji)和性(xing)能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)角(jiao)度來(lai)看，直流(liu)無(wu)刷電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)系(xi)統主(zhu)要考慮如何將普通機(ji)(ji)械轉(zhuan)向電(dian)(dian)子，在轉(zhuan)向后保持機(ji)(ji)械轉(zhuan)向電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)優勢，評估的(de)(de)(de)重點也(ye)是系(xi)統的(de)(de)(de)直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)特(te)性(xing)，如調速(su)特(te)性(xing)；交流(liu)永磁同步電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)主(zhu)要關注電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)本身的(de)(de)(de)性(xing)能(neng)(neng)，特(te)別是交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)性(xing)能(neng)(neng)，如電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)功(gong)率因(yin)數、電(dian)(dian)壓波形(xing)和效(xiao)率角(jiao)特(te)性(xing)。

3、使用電勢波區別

從反電勢波形的角度來看，直流無刷電機多(duo)為方波(bo)(bo)，而交流永磁同(tong)步電機的反電勢波(bo)(bo)形多(duo)為正弦波(bo)(bo)。波(bo)(bo)形是不(bu)同(tong)的，所以它們的功能會有所不(bu)同(tong)，

4、控制區別

從控制的(de)角(jiao)度來看，質量好、價格低的(de)直(zhi)流無刷電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)系(xi)統基本上不需要(yao)算法，只需根據轉子(zi)位置考慮繞組電(dian)(dian)(dian)流，如(ru)果交流永磁同步電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)需要(yao)變頻調速，需要(yao)一定的(de)算法，需要(yao)考慮電(dian)(dian)(dian)樞電(dian)(dian)(dian)流的(de)無功(gong)和有(you)功(gong)等。