一、直流無刷電機結構
無刷直流電機類似于有(you)刷直流(liu)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji),但顧名思義,無刷直流(liu)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)不利(li)用電(dian)刷進(jin)行換向(xiang)(xiang),而是通過(guo)電(dian)子(zi)(zi)方式(shi)進(jin)行換向(xiang)(xiang)。在普通的(de)有(you)刷直流(liu)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)中,電(dian)刷用于在轉子(zi)(zi)在固定(ding)磁場中轉動時傳遞(di)轉子(zi)(zi)的(de)功率(lv)。
無(wu)(wu)刷直(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)機由兩個基(ji)本部分組成:定(ding)子(zi)(zi)和(he)轉子(zi)(zi)。永磁體安裝在無(wu)(wu)刷直(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)機的(de)(de)轉子(zi)(zi)上,定(ding)子(zi)(zi)被扭曲成特(te)定(ding)的(de)(de)極數。同樣,控(kong)制(zhi)無(wu)(wu)刷直(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)機的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)與定(ding)子(zi)(zi)繞組相關聯(lian)。逆變器、控(kong)制(zhi)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)或調節器并入定(ding)子(zi)(zi)集合中。這是無(wu)(wu)刷電(dian)(dian)機和(he)典型有刷直(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)機之間的(de)(de)基(ji)本結構差(cha)異。
無(wu)(wu)刷(shua)電(dian)機(ji)是(shi)一種直流(DC)電(dian)機(ji),無(wu)(wu)需傳統有刷(shua)電(dian)機(ji)的(de)機(ji)械電(dian)刷(shua)和換向器即可工作(zuo)。盡管初始成本較高,但與有刷(shua)電(dian)機(ji)相比,它具(ju)有特別有利(li)的(de)環境(jing),并(bing)且從(cong)長遠來看效率更高。無(wu)(wu)刷(shua)發動機(ji)用(yong)于(yu)非開挖(wa)施(shi)工的(de)不同部分。
二、無刷直流電機工作原理
無刷(shua)直流(liu)電機(ji)主要(yao)由用永磁(ci)材(cai)料(liao)制造的(de)轉子(zi)、帶有線圈繞組的(de)定(ding)子(zi)和位置傳感器(可有可無)組成。
無刷直流電機的(de)(de)定子是線圈繞組(zu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樞(shu),轉子是永磁體。如果只給電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機通(tong)(tong)以固定的(de)(de)直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流,則電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機只能產生(sheng)不(bu)變的(de)(de)磁場(chang),電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機不(bu)能轉動(dong)起來,只有實(shi)時檢測電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機轉子的(de)(de)位置,再根(gen)據轉子的(de)(de)位置給電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機的(de)(de)不(bu)同相通(tong)(tong)以對應的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流,使定子產生(sheng)方向(xiang)均勻(yun)變化的(de)(de)旋轉磁場(chang),電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機才可(ke)以跟著磁場(chang)轉動(dong)起來。
電(dian)(dian)機定子的(de)線(xian)圈(quan)(quan)中心抽(chou)頭接電(dian)(dian)機電(dian)(dian)源POWER,各相(xiang)(xiang)的(de)端點(dian)接功(gong)率(lv)管,位置傳感(gan)器導通(tong)時使功(gong)率(lv)管的(de)G極接12V,功(gong)率(lv)管導通(tong),對應的(de)相(xiang)(xiang)線(xian)圈(quan)(quan)被(bei)通(tong)電(dian)(dian)。由(you)于三(san)個位置傳感(gan)器隨著轉(zhuan)子的(de)轉(zhuan)動(dong),會依(yi)次導通(tong),使得對應的(de)相(xiang)(xiang)線(xian)圈(quan)(quan)也依(yi)次通(tong)電(dian)(dian),從而定子產(chan)生的(de)磁(ci)場(chang)方向也不斷(duan)地變(bian)化,電(dian)(dian)機轉(zhuan)子也跟著轉(zhuan)動(dong)起來。