一、直流無刷電機結構

無刷直流電機類(lei)似于(yu)有刷(shua)(shua)(shua)直流電(dian)(dian)機(ji)，但(dan)顧(gu)名思義，無刷(shua)(shua)(shua)直流電(dian)(dian)機(ji)不利用(yong)電(dian)(dian)刷(shua)(shua)(shua)進行(xing)換(huan)向(xiang)，而是通過電(dian)(dian)子方(fang)式進行(xing)換(huan)向(xiang)。在普通的(de)(de)有刷(shua)(shua)(shua)直流電(dian)(dian)機(ji)中(zhong)，電(dian)(dian)刷(shua)(shua)(shua)用(yong)于(yu)在轉子在固定磁場(chang)中(zhong)轉動(dong)時(shi)傳遞轉子的(de)(de)功率。

無刷直(zhi)流(liu)電機(ji)由兩個基(ji)(ji)本部分組成(cheng)：定(ding)(ding)子和轉子。永磁體安裝在無刷直(zhi)流(liu)電機(ji)的(de)轉子上，定(ding)(ding)子被(bei)扭曲成(cheng)特(te)定(ding)(ding)的(de)極(ji)數。同樣，控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)無刷直(zhi)流(liu)電機(ji)的(de)電路(lu)與定(ding)(ding)子繞組相關聯(lian)。逆變器、控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)電路(lu)或調節器并入(ru)定(ding)(ding)子集(ji)合中(zhong)。這是(shi)無刷電機(ji)和典(dian)型有刷直(zhi)流(liu)電機(ji)之間(jian)的(de)基(ji)(ji)本結構差異。

無刷(shua)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)是一種直流（DC）電(dian)(dian)機(ji)，無需傳統有(you)刷(shua)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)的(de)機(ji)械電(dian)(dian)刷(shua)和(he)換向器即(ji)可工作。盡管初始成本較(jiao)高(gao)，但與有(you)刷(shua)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)相(xiang)比，它具有(you)特(te)別有(you)利的(de)環境，并且(qie)從長遠來看效率更高(gao)。無刷(shua)發動(dong)機(ji)用于非開挖施工的(de)不同部(bu)分。

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二、無刷直流電機工作原理

無刷直(zhi)流(liu)電機主要(yao)由用永磁材(cai)料制造(zao)的轉(zhuan)子(zi)、帶(dai)有(you)線圈繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)的定(ding)子(zi)和(he)位(wei)置傳(chuan)感器（可有(you)可無）組(zu)(zu)成。

無刷直流電機的(de)(de)(de)定子(zi)是(shi)線圈繞組電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樞，轉(zhuan)子(zi)是(shi)永(yong)磁體。如果只(zhi)給電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機通以固(gu)定的(de)(de)(de)直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流，則電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機只(zhi)能(neng)產生不變(bian)的(de)(de)(de)磁場，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機不能(neng)轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)起(qi)來，只(zhi)有實時(shi)檢測(ce)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機轉(zhuan)子(zi)的(de)(de)(de)位(wei)(wei)置，再根(gen)據轉(zhuan)子(zi)的(de)(de)(de)位(wei)(wei)置給電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機的(de)(de)(de)不同相(xiang)通以對應的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流，使定子(zi)產生方向均勻變(bian)化的(de)(de)(de)旋轉(zhuan)磁場，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機才(cai)可以跟著磁場轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)起(qi)來。

電機(ji)定子的(de)線圈中心抽頭接(jie)電機(ji)電源POWER，各相的(de)端(duan)點接(jie)功率(lv)管，位置傳感(gan)器導(dao)通(tong)時使功率(lv)管的(de)G極接(jie)12V，功率(lv)管導(dao)通(tong)，對應的(de)相線圈被通(tong)電。由于(yu)三個位置傳感(gan)器隨著轉(zhuan)子的(de)轉(zhuan)動，會(hui)依次導(dao)通(tong)，使得對應的(de)相線圈也依次通(tong)電，從而定子產生的(de)磁(ci)場方向(xiang)也不斷地變化，電機(ji)轉(zhuan)子也跟著轉(zhuan)動起(qi)來。