【汽車蓄電池(chi)充電】汽車蓄電池(chi)怎么(me)充電 汽車蓄電池充電時間

電(dian)解液比重降至(zhi)1.2以下；冬季(ji)放電(dian)超過25%；夏季(ji)放電(dian)超過50%；燈光(guang)暗淡；啟動(dong)無(wu)力時(shi)應進行充電(dian)。有的(de)車主認(ren)為，快速充電(dian)可以節省時(shi)間，只(zhi)需要3-5個(ge)小(xiao)時(shi)。其實不然，快速充電(dian)只(zhi)是(shi)迅速把(ba)電(dian)池(chi)表面激活，而實際(ji)上電(dian)池(chi)內部是(shi)沒有 完全(quan)充滿電(dian)的(de)。

除了快速充電之外，還有一種為慢充電，充電時間為10-15個小時，那些深虧電池就必須進行慢充電，否則充電時間不夠，充電量不足 ，會直接影響到汽車的行駛性能(neng)。雖說充電是(shi)個相當(dang)簡單的操作，但也有(you)一些注意(yi)事項：

向(xiang)鉛酸電(dian)池充電(dian)時，要(yao)穿上保護衣。

充電時，蓄電池附近(jin)不能有火(huo)花(hua)，禁(jin)止(zhi)抽煙。

對一(yi)個(ge)或(huo)對多(duo)個(ge)蓄電(dian)池并聯充(chong)(chong)電(dian)時，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)器電(dian)壓(ya)不要超過16V。

一、汽車蓄電池怎么充電

當今汽(qi)車上的電(dian)(dian)動設(she)備越來越多，車主(zhu)在(zai)使用這些電(dian)(dian)動設(she)備時，盡量(liang)不要(yao)讓蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)超負荷工(gong)作。蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的超負荷工(gong)作會減少(shao)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的壽命。掌握正確(que)的蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充電(dian)(dian)方法很重要(yao)。

首先將電池正(zheng)極(ji)接電源正(zheng)極(ji)，電池負(fu)極(ji)接電源負(fu)極(ji)。

初(chu)(chu)充(chong)電(dian)爭兩個階段進行(xing)：首(shou)先用初(chu)(chu)充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流充(chong)到(dao)電(dian)解(jie)液放(fang)出氣(qi)泡，單(dan)格電(dian)壓(ya)升到(dao)2.3~2.4V為(wei)止。然后(hou)將(jiang)電(dian)流降為(wei)1/2初(chu)(chu)充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流，繼(ji)續充(chong)到(dao)電(dian)解(jie)液放(fang)出劇烈的(de)氣(qi)泡，比征和電(dian)壓(ya)連(lian)續3h穩(wen)定不(bu)變為(wei)止。全部充(chong)電(dian)時間約為(wei)45~65h。

充電(dian)(dian)過程中應(ying)常測量電(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye)(ye)溫度用電(dian)(dian)流減半、停止充電(dian)(dian)或(huo)冷卻(que)的方法，將溫度控制在35~40℃，初充電(dian)(dian)完(wan)畢(bi)時，若電(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye)(ye)比(bi)重不合(he)規定，應(ying)用蒸餾水或(huo)比(bi)重為1.4的電(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye)(ye)進行調整。調整后再充電(dian)(dian)2h，直至(zhi)比(bi)重符合(he)規定時為止。

提示:蓄電池一(yi)般二、三年更換一(yi)次。

二、汽車蓄電池充電誤區

1、不進行初充電

蓄電池的首次充電稱為初充電，初充電對蓄電池的使用壽命和電荷容量有很大的影響。若充電不足，則蓄電池電荷容量不高，使用壽命也短;若充(chong)電過量，則蓄電池電氣性能雖然好，但也會縮短它的使用壽命，所以新蓄電池要小心謹慎地進行初充電。對于干荷電鉛蓄電池，按使用說明書，雖然在規定的兩年儲存期內若需使用，只要加入規定密度的電解液擱置15min，不需要充電即可投入使用。但是，如果儲存期超過兩年，由于極板上有部分氧化，為了提高其電荷容量，使用前應進行補充充電，充電5h-8h后(hou)再用(yong)。

2、不進行補充充電

有些駕駛員常忽視對(dui)在用(yong)(yong)(yong)車蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的補(bu)(bu)充(chong)(chong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。由于蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)在車上(shang)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)不(bu)徹底，易(yi)造成極(ji)板(ban)硫(liu)(liu)(liu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)；同時(shi)，在使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)中充(chong)(chong)、放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)是(shi)不(bu)平衡(heng)的，倘若放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)大(da)于充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)而使(shi)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)長期處(chu)于虧電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態，蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)極(ji)板(ban)就會慢(man)(man)慢(man)(man)硫(liu)(liu)(liu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)。這種慢(man)(man)性硫(liu)(liu)(liu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)，會使(shi)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)容量(liang)(liang)不(bu)斷降低，直(zhi)到起動無力，大(da)大(da)縮(suo)短(duan)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)壽命。為使(shi)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)極(ji)板(ban)上(shang)的活性物質及時(shi)得到還原(yuan)，減少極(ji)板(ban)硫(liu)(liu)(liu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)，提高蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)容量(liang)(liang)，延長其使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)壽命，對(dui)在用(yong)(yong)(yong)車蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)應定(ding)期進行補(bu)(bu)充(chong)(chong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

3、蓄電池過充電

蓄電(dian)池經常過量充電(dian)，即使充電(dian)電(dian)流(liu)不大，但電(dian)解液長時間(jian)“沸騰”，除了(le)活(huo)性物(wu)質表面的細(xi)小顆粒易于脫(tuo)落外，還會使柵架過分氧化，造成活(huo)性物(wu)質與柵架松(song)散剝離。

4、充電時極性充反

由于蓄電池正負極板材料不同，除了活性物質外，負極板還添加了硫酸鋇、腐殖酸、炭黑和松香等材料，用來防止負極板收縮和氧化。另外，每個單格蓄電池的負極板數又總是比正極板數多一片，而且負極板比正極板略薄。當進行蓄電池的初充電或補充充電時，若不注意極性，會使蓄電池充反，使正、負極幾乎都變成粗晶粒的PbSO4，造成(cheng)蓄電(dian)池電(dian)荷容量不(bu)足(zu)，不(bu)能正常工作，甚至導致(zhi)蓄電(dian)池報廢(fei)。因此，充電(dian)時一定要注意極性，切不(bu)可極性充反(fan)。