【汽(qi)(qi)車蓄電池充電】汽(qi)(qi)車蓄電池怎(zen)么(me)充電 汽車蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)時間(jian)

電(dian)(dian)(dian)解液比重降至1.2以下(xia)；冬季放電(dian)(dian)(dian)超(chao)過(guo)(guo)25%；夏季放電(dian)(dian)(dian)超(chao)過(guo)(guo)50%；燈光暗淡；啟動無力時應進行充電(dian)(dian)(dian)。有的車主(zhu)認(ren)為，快(kuai)速(su)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)可以節省時間，只(zhi)需要3-5個小(xiao)時。其實不(bu)然，快(kuai)速(su)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)只(zhi)是迅速(su)把電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)表(biao)面(mian)激活，而實際(ji)上電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)內部是沒有 完全充滿電(dian)(dian)(dian)的。

除了快速充電之外，還有一種為慢充電，充電時間為10-15個小時，那些深虧電池就必須進行慢充電，否則充電時間不夠，充電量不足 ，會直接影響到汽車的行(xing)駛性(xing)能。雖說(shuo)充電(dian)是個相當(dang)簡單的操(cao)作，但也有一些注意事項：

向鉛(qian)酸電池充電時(shi)，要穿上保護(hu)衣(yi)。

充電時，蓄電池附(fu)近不能有火花，禁止抽煙(yan)。

對一(yi)個或對多(duo)個蓄(xu)電(dian)池并(bing)聯充電(dian)時(shi)，充電(dian)器電(dian)壓不要超過(guo)16V。

一、汽車蓄電池怎么充電

當今汽(qi)車上(shang)的(de)電(dian)動(dong)設備(bei)越(yue)來越(yue)多，車主在使用(yong)這些電(dian)動(dong)設備(bei)時，盡(jin)量不要讓蓄電(dian)池(chi)超(chao)負(fu)荷工作(zuo)。蓄電(dian)池(chi)的(de)超(chao)負(fu)荷工作(zuo)會減少蓄電(dian)池(chi)的(de)壽命。掌握(wo)正確的(de)蓄電(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)方法很重要。

首先將電(dian)池正極(ji)接(jie)電(dian)源(yuan)正極(ji)，電(dian)池負極(ji)接(jie)電(dian)源(yuan)負極(ji)。

初充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)爭兩個階段進行：首(shou)先(xian)用初充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)充(chong)到電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye)放出氣(qi)泡(pao)，單格電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓升到2.3~2.4V為止。然后將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)降為1/2初充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)，繼(ji)續充(chong)到電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye)放出劇(ju)烈(lie)的氣(qi)泡(pao)，比征和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓連續3h穩(wen)定不變(bian)為止。全部(bu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時間約為45~65h。

充(chong)電(dian)過程中應(ying)常(chang)測(ce)量(liang)電(dian)解液(ye)溫度用電(dian)流減半、停止(zhi)充(chong)電(dian)或冷卻的方法(fa)，將(jiang)溫度控制在35~40℃，初充(chong)電(dian)完畢(bi)時，若(ruo)電(dian)解液(ye)比(bi)重(zhong)(zhong)不合(he)規(gui)定，應(ying)用蒸餾(liu)水或比(bi)重(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)(wei)1.4的電(dian)解液(ye)進行調(diao)(diao)整(zheng)。調(diao)(diao)整(zheng)后再充(chong)電(dian)2h，直至(zhi)比(bi)重(zhong)(zhong)符合(he)規(gui)定時為(wei)(wei)止(zhi)。

提示(shi):蓄電池一般(ban)二、三年更(geng)換(huan)一次(ci)。

二、汽車蓄電池充電誤區

1、不進行初充電

蓄電池的首次充電稱為初充電，初充電對蓄電池的使用壽命和電荷容量有很大的影響。若充電不足，則蓄電池電荷容量不高，使用壽命也短;若充電過(guo)量，則蓄電池電氣性能雖然好，但也會縮短它的使用壽命，所以新蓄電池要小心謹慎地進行初充電。對于干荷電鉛蓄電池，按使用說明書，雖然在規定的兩年儲存期內若需使用，只要加入規定密度的電解液擱置15min，不需要充電即可投入使用。但是，如果儲存期超過兩年，由于極板上有部分氧化，為了提高其電荷容量，使用前應進行補充充電，充電5h-8h后再用。

2、不進行補充充電

有些駕駛員常忽視對在用(yong)車蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)補(bu)充(chong)(chong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。由于(yu)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)在車上充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)不(bu)(bu)徹底，易造(zao)成極(ji)(ji)板(ban)硫化；同時(shi)，在使(shi)(shi)用(yong)中(zhong)充(chong)(chong)、放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)是不(bu)(bu)平衡的(de)(de)，倘若放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)大于(yu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)而使(shi)(shi)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)長期處于(yu)虧電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態，蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)極(ji)(ji)板(ban)就會慢(man)慢(man)硫化。這種慢(man)性(xing)硫化，會使(shi)(shi)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)容量(liang)不(bu)(bu)斷降低(di)，直(zhi)到起動無力(li)，大大縮(suo)短(duan)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)壽命。為使(shi)(shi)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)極(ji)(ji)板(ban)上的(de)(de)活性(xing)物(wu)質及時(shi)得到還原，減少極(ji)(ji)板(ban)硫化，提高蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)容量(liang)，延(yan)長其使(shi)(shi)用(yong)壽命，對在用(yong)車蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)應定期進行補(bu)充(chong)(chong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

3、蓄電池過充電

蓄電(dian)池經常過量(liang)充電(dian)，即使充電(dian)電(dian)流不大(da)，但電(dian)解液長(chang)時間“沸(fei)騰(teng)”，除(chu)了活性(xing)物質(zhi)表面(mian)的細(xi)小顆粒(li)易(yi)于脫落外，還(huan)會使柵架過分氧化，造成(cheng)活性(xing)物質(zhi)與柵架松散剝離。

4、充電時極性充反

由于蓄電池正負極板材料不同，除了活性物質外，負極板還添加了硫酸鋇、腐殖酸、炭黑和松香等材料，用來防止負極板收縮和氧化。另外，每個單格蓄電池的負極板數又總是比正極板數多一片，而且負極板比正極板略薄。當進行蓄電池的初充電或補充充電時，若不注意極性，會使蓄電池充反，使正、負極幾乎都變成粗晶粒的PbSO4，造成蓄電(dian)池電(dian)荷容(rong)量不足，不能正常工作，甚至導致(zhi)蓄電(dian)池報廢(fei)。因此，充電(dian)時一(yi)定(ding)要注意極性(xing)，切不可極性(xing)充反。