【汽車(che)蓄電池充(chong)電】汽車(che)蓄電池怎么充(chong)電 汽車(che)蓄電(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)時間

電(dian)解液比重降至(zhi)1.2以(yi)(yi)下(xia)；冬季放電(dian)超過(guo)25%；夏季放電(dian)超過(guo)50%；燈光暗淡；啟動無力(li)時應進行充電(dian)。有(you)的車主認(ren)為，快速(su)(su)充電(dian)可以(yi)(yi)節省(sheng)時間，只需要3-5個小時。其(qi)實不然(ran)，快速(su)(su)充電(dian)只是(shi)迅速(su)(su)把電(dian)池表面激活，而實際(ji)上電(dian)池內(nei)部是(shi)沒有(you) 完全充滿(man)電(dian)的。

除了快速充電之外，還有一種為慢充電，充電時間為10-15個小時，那些深虧電池就必須進行慢充電，否則充電時間不夠，充電量不足 ，會直接影響到汽車的行駛性能(neng)。雖說充電是個相當簡單的操作，但也(ye)有一些注意事項：

向鉛酸電(dian)池充電(dian)時，要穿上(shang)保護衣。

充電時，蓄電池附近(jin)不能有火花，禁止抽煙(yan)。

對一個(ge)或(huo)對多個(ge)蓄電(dian)池并聯充電(dian)時，充電(dian)器電(dian)壓不要超過(guo)16V。

一、汽車蓄電池怎么充電

當今汽車(che)上的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動設備越來(lai)越多，車(che)主(zhu)在(zai)使用這些電(dian)(dian)(dian)動設備時，盡(jin)量不要讓(rang)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池超負荷工作(zuo)。蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)超負荷工作(zuo)會減(jian)少蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)壽命。掌握正(zheng)確(que)的(de)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian)(dian)方法很重要。

首先(xian)將電(dian)池正極接(jie)電(dian)源正極，電(dian)池負極接(jie)電(dian)源負極。

初充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)爭兩個階段(duan)進行：首先用初充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流充(chong)到電(dian)(dian)(dian)解液(ye)放出(chu)氣泡(pao)，單格電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓升到2.3~2.4V為(wei)止。然后將電(dian)(dian)(dian)流降為(wei)1/2初充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流，繼(ji)續(xu)充(chong)到電(dian)(dian)(dian)解液(ye)放出(chu)劇烈的氣泡(pao)，比征和電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓連續(xu)3h穩(wen)定不(bu)變(bian)為(wei)止。全部充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間約為(wei)45~65h。

充(chong)(chong)電(dian)過程中(zhong)應(ying)常測(ce)量電(dian)解(jie)液溫(wen)度(du)用電(dian)流減(jian)半、停止(zhi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)或冷卻的方(fang)法(fa)，將溫(wen)度(du)控制在35~40℃，初充(chong)(chong)電(dian)完畢時(shi)，若電(dian)解(jie)液比(bi)重不(bu)合規定，應(ying)用蒸餾水或比(bi)重為1.4的電(dian)解(jie)液進行調整(zheng)。調整(zheng)后(hou)再充(chong)(chong)電(dian)2h，直至(zhi)比(bi)重符(fu)合規定時(shi)為止(zhi)。

提示:蓄電池一般二、三年更換一次(ci)。

二、汽車蓄電池充電誤區

1、不進行初充電

蓄電池的首次充電稱為初充電，初充電對蓄電池的使用壽命和電荷容量有很大的影響。若充電不足，則蓄電池電荷容量不高，使用壽命也短;若充電過量，則蓄電池電氣性能雖然好，但也會縮短它的使用壽命，所以新蓄電池要小心謹慎地進行初充電。對于干荷電鉛蓄電池，按使用說明書，雖然在規定的兩年儲存期內若需使用，只要加入規定密度的電解液擱置15min，不需要充電即可投入使用。但是，如果儲存期超過兩年，由于極板上有部分氧化，為了提高其電荷容量，使用前應進行補充充電，充電5h-8h后再用。

2、不進行補充充電

有些駕駛員常忽(hu)視(shi)對(dui)在(zai)用(yong)車蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)補充(chong)(chong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。由于蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)在(zai)車上充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)不(bu)徹(che)底，易造成極板(ban)(ban)硫(liu)化(hua)；同時，在(zai)使用(yong)中充(chong)(chong)、放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量是不(bu)平衡的(de)(de)(de)，倘若放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)大(da)于充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)而(er)使蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)長期(qi)處于虧電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態，蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)極板(ban)(ban)就會慢慢硫(liu)化(hua)。這種慢性(xing)(xing)硫(liu)化(hua)，會使蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷容(rong)量不(bu)斷降低，直(zhi)到起動無(wu)力，大(da)大(da)縮短蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)使用(yong)壽命。為使蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)極板(ban)(ban)上的(de)(de)(de)活性(xing)(xing)物質及時得(de)到還原，減少極板(ban)(ban)硫(liu)化(hua)，提高(gao)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷容(rong)量，延長其(qi)使用(yong)壽命，對(dui)在(zai)用(yong)車蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)應定期(qi)進行補充(chong)(chong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

3、蓄電池過充電

蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池經常過(guo)(guo)量(liang)充電(dian)(dian)，即使充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流不大，但電(dian)(dian)解液長(chang)時間(jian)“沸騰”，除了活性(xing)物質表面的細(xi)小顆(ke)粒易于脫(tuo)落外，還會使柵(zha)架過(guo)(guo)分氧化，造成(cheng)活性(xing)物質與柵(zha)架松(song)散剝離(li)。

4、充電時極性充反

由于蓄電池正負極板材料不同，除了活性物質外，負極板還添加了硫酸鋇、腐殖酸、炭黑和松香等材料，用來防止負極板收縮和氧化。另外，每個單格蓄電池的負極板數又總是比正極板數多一片，而且負極板比正極板略薄。當進行蓄電池的初充電或補充充電時，若不注意極性，會使蓄電池充反，使正、負極幾乎都變成粗晶粒的PbSO4，造成蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)電(dian)荷容(rong)量不足，不能正常工作(zuo)，甚至導致蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)報廢(fei)。因此，充電(dian)時一定要注意(yi)極性，切不可極性充反。