密碼(ma)鎖安全嗎 智能密碼(ma)鎖基(ji)本工(gong)作原(yuan)理及硬件組(zu)成

智能密碼鎖工作原理及硬件組成

智(zhi)能密碼鎖的(de)系統由智(zhi)能監控(kong)器和電(dian)(dian)子(zi)鎖具(ju)(ju)組成。二者異地(di)放置，智(zhi)能監控(kong)器供給電(dian)(dian)子(zi)鎖具(ju)(ju)所需(xu)的(de)電(dian)(dian)源并接收其發送的(de)報警信息和狀態信息。這里采用(yong)了(le)線路復用(yong)技術，使(shi)電(dian)(dian)能供給和信息傳輸共用(yong)一根二芯電(dian)(dian)纜，提高了(le)系統的(de)可靠性(xing)、安全性(xing)。

智能監控器的基本原理及組成

智(zhi)能監控(kong)器(qi)的(de)組(zu)成，它由單(dan)片機(ji)、時(shi)鐘、鍵盤、LCD顯示器(qi)、存(cun)貯器(qi)、解(jie)調器(qi)、線路(lu)復用(yong)及監測、A/D轉換、蜂鳴器(qi)等單(dan)元(yuan)組(zu)成。主要(yao)完成與電子鎖具之(zhi)間(jian)的(de)通(tong)信(xin)、智(zhi)能化分析(xi)及通(tong)信(xin)線路(lu)的(de)安全監測等功能。

在(zai)(zai)發送(song)端(duan)，電(dian)子鎖具通過脈沖變壓器Ｔ將調制(zhi)好的(de)(de)數(shu)據信(xin)號(hao)升壓后發送(song)出去(qu)；在(zai)(zai)接(jie)收端(duan)，脈沖變壓器T將接(jie)收到的(de)(de)數(shu)據信(xin)號(hao)降(jiang)壓后送(song)解調器，以減(jian)(jian)少載波信(xin)號(hao)在(zai)(zai)傳輸過程中的(de)(de)損耗。為了減(jian)(jian)少通信(xin)和供電(dian)之間的(de)(de)相(xiang)互干擾，對扼流圈L、耦合電(dian)容C的(de)(de)選擇(ze)要綜合考慮。

設載波頻(pin)率fo＝400kHz，為了保證絕(jue)大部(bu)分信號能量傳輸到接收(shou)端，取L＝33.7μHC1＝0.047μF。

電流監視技術

為了防止通信線路的人為破壞(huai)和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)執行器(qi)(qi)因某種(zhong)原因造(zao)成(cheng)流(liu)過(guo)(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)線圈(quan)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)過(guo)(guo)大(da)而燒毀線圈(quan)，本文在智能(neng)密(mi)碼鎖設(she)計(ji)中(zhong)采(cai)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)監視(shi)技術。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)監視(shi)器(qi)(qi)采(cai)用MAXIM公司生產的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)／電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)轉換(huan)芯片MAX471。該芯片能(neng)將被(bei)測(ce)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)I轉化成(cheng)對地輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)U，且有測(ce)量范(fan)圍(wei)大(da)、精度高、輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)U和(he)被(bei)測(ce)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)I成(cheng)正(zheng)比等特(te)點。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)監視(shi)器(qi)(qi)輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)送A/D轉換(huan)器(qi)(qi)，單片機通過(guo)(guo)讀(du)取A/D轉換(huan)結果，獲知線路中(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的變化情況，通過(guo)(guo)分(fen)析(xi)及(ji)時發現異常，發出報警信號。

數據通訊與預處理技術

智能(neng)監(jian)(jian)控(kong)器接(jie)(jie)(jie)收(shou)鎖(suo)具(ju)(ju)發來(lai)的(de)狀態信(xin)息(xi)（其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)包括鎖(suo)具(ju)(ju)的(de)開啟、關閉、第(di)一次(ci)密碼(ma)(ma)錯(cuo)、第(di)二次(ci)密碼(ma)(ma)錯(cuo)、第(di)三次(ci)密碼(ma)(ma)錯(cuo)等）、流(liu)過電(dian)(dian)磁執(zhi)行(xing)器線圈(quan)的(de)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)值(zhi)，并(bing)讀取(qu)該(gai)(gai)時刻通(tong)(tong)訊線路的(de)供電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)值(zhi)，三者結合起來(lai)構成一個(ge)(ge)數(shu)據(ju)(ju)塊，其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)操(cao)作(zuo)狀態占1個(ge)(ge)字節(jie)，供電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)占2個(ge)(ge)字節(jie)，線圈(quan)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)占2個(ge)(ge)字節(jie)。智能(neng)監(jian)(jian)控(kong)器在與(yu)電(dian)(dian)子鎖(suo)具(ju)(ju)通(tong)(tong)信(xin)過程中(zhong)(zhong)，始終處(chu)于接(jie)(jie)(jie)收(shou)狀態。為了(le)(le)提(ti)高通(tong)(tong)信(xin)可靠性(xing)，本(ben)文在通(tong)(tong)信(xin)協議中(zhong)(zhong)采(cai)用(yong)重(zhong)復發送的(de)方式，電(dian)(dian)子鎖(suo)具(ju)(ju)對每一組數(shu)據(ju)(ju)重(zhong)復發送5次(ci)，智能(neng)監(jian)(jian)控(kong)器接(jie)(jie)(jie)收(shou)到(dao)(dao)這(zhe)組數(shu)據(ju)(ju)后(hou)(hou)，采(cai)用(yong)大(da)(da)(da)數(shu)譯碼(ma)(ma)定律糾錯(cuo)，保證了(le)(le)數(shu)據(ju)(ju)接(jie)(jie)(jie)收(shou)的(de)準確性(xing)。另外為了(le)(le)節(jie)約內存(cun)需對接(jie)(jie)(jie)收(shou)到(dao)(dao)的(de)數(shu)據(ju)(ju)采(cai)用(yong)預處(chu)理技術，即(ji)每接(jie)(jie)(jie)收(shou)到(dao)(dao)一個(ge)(ge)數(shu)據(ju)(ju)后(hou)(hou)，首先將(jiang)該(gai)(gai)數(shu)據(ju)(ju)與(yu)設定的(de)門(men)限(xian)(xian)值(zhi)比較(jiao)(jiao)，如果大(da)(da)(da)于門(men)限(xian)(xian)值(zhi)，則發出超限(xian)(xian)報警；如果小于門(men)限(xian)(xian)值(zhi)，則將(jiang)該(gai)(gai)數(shu)據(ju)(ju)與(yu)當日接(jie)(jie)(jie)收(shou)到(dao)(dao)的(de)同(tong)類數(shu)據(ju)(ju)比較(jiao)(jiao)，保留較(jiao)(jiao)大(da)(da)(da)者。這(zhe)樣每天存(cun)儲的(de)數(shu)據(ju)(ju)為同(tong)類數(shu)據(ju)(ju)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)最大(da)(da)(da)值(zhi)。

智能化分析

智能化(hua)(hua)分析與預測技術就(jiu)是以每次接收到的數(shu)據(ju)(ju)塊(kuai)為依據(ju)(ju)，與此(ci)前(qian)同類數(shu)據(ju)(ju)的記錄值作比(bi)較(jiao)，分析該(gai)操作引(yin)起電流變(bian)化(hua)(hua)的大小(xiao)及(ji)趨勢，及(ji)時發現存(cun)在(zai)問題，并報(bao)告管理(li)人員，從(cong)而提(ti)高了整個(ge)系統的可靠性。

系統軟件設計

智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)密(mi)碼(ma)鎖(suo)軟(ruan)件采用51系列單片機匯編(bian)語言對智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)監控器和(he)電(dian)子(zi)鎖(suo)具分別編(bian)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)監控器軟(ruan)件包括(kuo)鍵盤掃描(miao)和(he)LCD顯(xian)示(shi)(shi)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)、蜂鳴器驅動程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)、時鐘修改和(he)讀取程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)、數據(ju)通信(xin)與預處理程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)、智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)化分析程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)及線路(lu)監測程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)等模(mo)塊。電(dian)子(zi)鎖(suo)具軟(ruan)件包括(kuo)鍵盤掃描(miao)與譯碼(ma)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)、LCD顯(xian)示(shi)(shi)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)、通信(xin)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)、電(dian)磁執行(xing)器驅動及檢測程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)、傳感器接(jie)口程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)等模(mo)塊。軟(ruan)件設計過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)采用模(mo)塊化設計方法，便(bian)于程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)的閱讀、調(diao)試和(he)改進。

智(zhi)能密碼(ma)鎖(suo)充分(fen)利用(yong)了(le)51系統單片(pian)機軟、硬件資源，引入了(le)智(zhi)能化(hua)分(fen)析功能，提高了(le)系統的(de)(de)可靠性(xing)(xing)和安(an)全(quan)性(xing)(xing)。通過在某型號保(bao)險柜安(an)裝使用(yong)，受到用(yong)戶(hu)的(de)(de)歡迎。另外，智(zhi)能密碼(ma)鎖(suo)在軟、硬件方面稍加改動，便可構(gou)成智(zhi)能化(hua)的(de)(de)分(fen)布式(shi)監控(kong)網絡，實(shi)現某一范圍內的(de)(de)集(ji)中式(shi)監控(kong)管理，在金融、保(bao)險、軍事重地及(ji)其它安(an)全(quan)防范領域具有廣泛的(de)(de)應(ying)用(yong)前景。

智能監控(kong)器(qi)始終處(chu)于(yu)接收(shou)(shou)狀(zhuang)態(tai)，以(yi)(yi)固定的(de)(de)(de)格(ge)式接收(shou)(shou)電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)鎖(suo)具(ju)(ju)發(fa)(fa)來的(de)(de)(de)報警(jing)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息和(he)狀(zhuang)態(tai)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息。對于(yu)報警(jing)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息，則馬(ma)上(shang)通(tong)(tong)過(guo)LCD顯(xian)(xian)示器(qi)及蜂鳴器(qi)發(fa)(fa)出聲(sheng)、光報警(jing)；對于(yu)狀(zhuang)態(tai)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息，則存入內存，并(bing)與電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)鎖(suo)具(ju)(ju)在此(ci)時(shi)刻以(yi)(yi)前的(de)(de)(de)歷史狀(zhuang)態(tai)進(jin)行(xing)比較，得出變(bian)化(hua)(hua)趨勢，預測未來的(de)(de)(de)狀(zhuang)態(tai)變(bian)化(hua)(hua)，通(tong)(tong)過(guo)LCD顯(xian)(xian)示器(qi)向值班人員提供(gong)相(xiang)應(ying)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息，以(yi)(yi)供(gong)決策使用(yong)。智能監控(kong)器(qi)與電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)鎖(suo)具(ju)(ju)建立通(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)聯(lian)系的(de)(de)(de)同(tong)時(shi)，通(tong)(tong)過(guo)A/D轉換器(qi)實時(shi)地監視流過(guo)通(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)線路的(de)(de)(de)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流的(de)(de)(de)變(bian)化(hua)(hua)，有效(xiao)地防止人為因素造成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)破壞，保證了通(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)線路的(de)(de)(de)暢通(tong)(tong)。