密(mi)碼鎖安全嗎 智(zhi)能密(mi)碼鎖基本工作原理及(ji)硬(ying)件組成
智能密碼鎖工作原理及硬件組成
智(zhi)能密(mi)碼鎖(suo)的(de)系統由智(zhi)能監控器(qi)和電(dian)子鎖(suo)具組成(cheng)。二(er)者異地(di)放置(zhi)，智(zhi)能監控器(qi)供(gong)給電(dian)子鎖(suo)具所需的(de)電(dian)源并接收(shou)其發(fa)送的(de)報警信(xin)息(xi)和狀態信(xin)息(xi)。這里(li)采用了線路復用技術，使電(dian)能供(gong)給和信(xin)息(xi)傳輸(shu)共用一根二(er)芯(xin)電(dian)纜(lan)，提(ti)高了系統的(de)可靠性、安全性。
智能監控器的基本原理及組成
智能(neng)監控器的組成，它由單片機、時鐘、鍵(jian)盤、LCD顯示器、存貯器、解調器、線(xian)路復用(yong)及(ji)監測、A/D轉換、蜂鳴器等(deng)單元組成。主要(yao)完(wan)成與(yu)電(dian)子鎖具之間的通(tong)信、智能(neng)化分(fen)析及(ji)通(tong)信線(xian)路的安全監測等(deng)功能(neng)。
在(zai)發(fa)送(song)端，電子鎖具(ju)通(tong)(tong)過脈沖(chong)變壓器(qi)(qi)Ｔ將調制(zhi)好的(de)(de)數據信號(hao)升(sheng)壓后發(fa)送(song)出去；在(zai)接收端，脈沖(chong)變壓器(qi)(qi)T將接收到的(de)(de)數據信號(hao)降壓后送(song)解調器(qi)(qi)，以減少載波信號(hao)在(zai)傳輸(shu)過程中的(de)(de)損耗。為了減少通(tong)(tong)信和供電之間(jian)的(de)(de)相互干(gan)擾，對扼流圈(quan)L、耦合電容C的(de)(de)選擇要(yao)綜合考(kao)慮。
設載(zai)波(bo)頻率fo＝400kHz，為(wei)了保(bao)證絕(jue)大部分信(xin)號(hao)能(neng)量(liang)傳輸到接收端，取L＝33.7μHC1＝0.047μF。
電流監視技術
為(wei)了防(fang)止通信線路(lu)(lu)的(de)人為(wei)破壞和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)執(zhi)行器(qi)因(yin)某(mou)種原因(yin)造成流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)過電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)線圈的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)過大而(er)燒毀(hui)線圈，本文在智能密碼鎖(suo)設計中采用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)監(jian)視技(ji)術。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)監(jian)視器(qi)采用(yong)MAXIM公司生產的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)／電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)轉(zhuan)換(huan)芯片(pian)MAX471。該芯片(pian)能將被(bei)測電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)I轉(zhuan)化成對(dui)地輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)U，且(qie)有測量范圍(wei)大、精(jing)度高、輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)U和被(bei)測電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)I成正比等特點。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)監(jian)視器(qi)輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)送A/D轉(zhuan)換(huan)器(qi)，單片(pian)機通過讀取A/D轉(zhuan)換(huan)結(jie)果，獲知線路(lu)(lu)中電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)的(de)變化情況，通過分析(xi)及時發現異常，發出報警信號(hao)。
數據通訊與預處理技術
智能(neng)監(jian)(jian)控(kong)器(qi)接(jie)收(shou)(shou)鎖(suo)具(ju)(ju)發來(lai)的(de)(de)狀態信(xin)息（其(qi)中(zhong)包括鎖(suo)具(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)開(kai)啟、關閉(bi)、第(di)(di)一次(ci)(ci)密(mi)碼錯(cuo)、第(di)(di)二次(ci)(ci)密(mi)碼錯(cuo)、第(di)(di)三次(ci)(ci)密(mi)碼錯(cuo)等）、流(liu)過電(dian)磁(ci)執行器(qi)線(xian)圈(quan)的(de)(de)電(dian)流(liu)值(zhi)，并(bing)讀取該時(shi)刻(ke)通(tong)(tong)訊(xun)線(xian)路的(de)(de)供電(dian)電(dian)流(liu)值(zhi)，三者(zhe)結合起來(lai)構成一個(ge)(ge)數(shu)據(ju)塊(kuai)，其(qi)中(zhong)操(cao)作狀態占1個(ge)(ge)字(zi)節(jie)(jie)，供電(dian)電(dian)流(liu)占2個(ge)(ge)字(zi)節(jie)(jie)，線(xian)圈(quan)電(dian)流(liu)占2個(ge)(ge)字(zi)節(jie)(jie)。智能(neng)監(jian)(jian)控(kong)器(qi)在與(yu)電(dian)子鎖(suo)具(ju)(ju)通(tong)(tong)信(xin)過程中(zhong)，始終處于(yu)接(jie)收(shou)(shou)狀態。為了提高(gao)通(tong)(tong)信(xin)可(ke)靠性，本文(wen)在通(tong)(tong)信(xin)協議(yi)中(zhong)采用(yong)重(zhong)復發送(song)的(de)(de)方式，電(dian)子鎖(suo)具(ju)(ju)對(dui)每一組數(shu)據(ju)重(zhong)復發送(song)5次(ci)(ci)，智能(neng)監(jian)(jian)控(kong)器(qi)接(jie)收(shou)(shou)到(dao)這組數(shu)據(ju)后，采用(yong)大數(shu)譯碼定律糾(jiu)錯(cuo)，保證了數(shu)據(ju)接(jie)收(shou)(shou)的(de)(de)準確性。另外為了節(jie)(jie)約內存(cun)需對(dui)接(jie)收(shou)(shou)到(dao)的(de)(de)數(shu)據(ju)采用(yong)預處理技術，即每接(jie)收(shou)(shou)到(dao)一個(ge)(ge)數(shu)據(ju)后，首先將(jiang)(jiang)該數(shu)據(ju)與(yu)設(she)定的(de)(de)門(men)(men)限值(zhi)比較(jiao)，如果大于(yu)門(men)(men)限值(zhi)，則(ze)發出超限報警；如果小于(yu)門(men)(men)限值(zhi)，則(ze)將(jiang)(jiang)該數(shu)據(ju)與(yu)當日接(jie)收(shou)(shou)到(dao)的(de)(de)同類數(shu)據(ju)比較(jiao)，保留較(jiao)大者(zhe)。這樣每天(tian)存(cun)儲(chu)的(de)(de)數(shu)據(ju)為同類數(shu)據(ju)中(zhong)的(de)(de)最(zui)大值(zhi)。
智能化分析
智能化(hua)分析(xi)與預測技術就是以每次(ci)接收到的(de)數據塊為依據，與此前同類數據的(de)記錄(lu)值作比較，分析(xi)該操作引起(qi)電流變(bian)化(hua)的(de)大小及趨勢，及時發現存在問題，并報告管理(li)人員，從而提高了整個系(xi)統的(de)可(ke)靠性。
系統軟件設計
智能密碼(ma)(ma)鎖軟件采用(yong)51系列單(dan)片機匯編語言對智能監控器(qi)和電(dian)子(zi)鎖具分(fen)別編程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。智能監控器(qi)軟件包(bao)括鍵盤(pan)掃(sao)描(miao)和LCD顯示(shi)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)(xu)(xu)、蜂鳴器(qi)驅動(dong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)(xu)(xu)、時鐘修改(gai)(gai)和讀取程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)(xu)(xu)、數(shu)據通(tong)信與預(yu)處理(li)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)(xu)(xu)、智能化分(fen)析(xi)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)(xu)(xu)及(ji)線路監測程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)(xu)(xu)等模(mo)塊。電(dian)子(zi)鎖具軟件包(bao)括鍵盤(pan)掃(sao)描(miao)與譯碼(ma)(ma)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)(xu)(xu)、LCD顯示(shi)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)(xu)(xu)、通(tong)信程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)(xu)(xu)、電(dian)磁執行器(qi)驅動(dong)及(ji)檢測程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)(xu)(xu)、傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)接口程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)(xu)(xu)等模(mo)塊。軟件設(she)計(ji)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)采用(yong)模(mo)塊化設(she)計(ji)方(fang)法(fa)，便于程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)(xu)(xu)的(de)閱讀、調試和改(gai)(gai)進(jin)。
智能密碼鎖充分利(li)用(yong)了(le)(le)51系統單片機軟、硬件資源，引(yin)入了(le)(le)智能化分析功能，提(ti)高了(le)(le)系統的(de)可(ke)靠性和(he)安全(quan)性。通過在某型號保險柜安裝使用(yong)，受(shou)到用(yong)戶的(de)歡迎。另外，智能密碼鎖在軟、硬件方面(mian)稍加改動(dong)，便可(ke)構(gou)成智能化的(de)分布式監(jian)控網絡，實現某一(yi)范圍內的(de)集(ji)中(zhong)式監(jian)控管理，在金融、保險、軍事重地及其它安全(quan)防范領域具有廣泛的(de)應用(yong)前(qian)景(jing)。
智(zhi)(zhi)能監控器(qi)始終(zhong)處于接收狀態，以(yi)固定(ding)的格式接收電(dian)子鎖(suo)具發來的報警信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息和狀態信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息。對于報警信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息，則(ze)(ze)馬上通過LCD顯(xian)(xian)示器(qi)及蜂鳴器(qi)發出(chu)聲、光報警；對于狀態信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息，則(ze)(ze)存入內存，并與(yu)電(dian)子鎖(suo)具在(zai)此時(shi)刻(ke)以(yi)前的歷史狀態進行比較，得出(chu)變(bian)化趨勢，預測未(wei)來的狀態變(bian)化，通過LCD顯(xian)(xian)示器(qi)向值班人員提供相應信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息，以(yi)供決策使用。智(zhi)(zhi)能監控器(qi)與(yu)電(dian)子鎖(suo)具建立通信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)聯系的同時(shi)，通過A/D轉換器(qi)實時(shi)地監視流過通信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)線(xian)路(lu)的供電(dian)電(dian)流的變(bian)化，有效地防止人為因素(su)造成(cheng)的破壞，保證了(le)通信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)線(xian)路(lu)的暢通。
