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基本介紹

孔子湖濕地公園即尼山水庫區，位于山東南部濟寧地區曲阜市尼山鎮，是曲阜市重要的飲用水水源地。公園(yuan)內分為(wei)庫塘(tang)濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)、季節性河流濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)和(he)沼澤濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)3個濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)型(xing)，其中濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)面積1093.8公頃，占(zhan)總面積72.7%。濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)公園(yuan)自然(ran)(ran)景觀獨特(te)，生態系統結構完整，是眾(zhong)多野(ye)生動(dong)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)的棲(qi)息地(di)(di)(di)(di)及繁衍地(di)(di)(di)(di)。公園(yuan)內擁有高等植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)343種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)野(ye)生動(dong)物(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)共(gong)528種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其中哺乳動(dong)物(wu)(wu)18種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；兩棲(qi)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)4種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；爬行動(dong)物(wu)(wu)13種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；野(ye)生鳥類(lei)76種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；昆(kun)蟲140種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；水生生物(wu)(wu)353種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。公園(yuan)的建(jian)設將為(wei)野(ye)生動(dong)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)創造(zao)良好的生存(cun)環境(jing)，為(wei)眾(zhong)多的珍稀(xi)瀕(bin)危(wei)候鳥提供天(tian)然(ran)(ran)的棲(qi)息地(di)(di)(di)(di)和(he)繁衍地(di)(di)(di)(di)。

按照功能性與主題性相結合的原則將園區劃分為生態保育區、恢復重建區、宣教展示區、合理利用區和管理服務區五個功能區。生態保育區面積771.8公頃，占全園總面積的51.3%；恢復重建區面積527公頃，占全園面積的35%；宣教展示區面積34公頃，占全園總面積的2.3%；合理利用區面積162.2公頃，占全園面積的10.8%；管理服務區10.2公頃，占全園面積的0.6%。

孔子湖(hu)國家濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)規劃總面(mian)積(ji)為(wei)1505.2公(gong)(gong)頃，其中濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)積(ji)1093.8公(gong)(gong)頃，占總面(mian)積(ji)的(de)(de)72.7%，主要由庫塘濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)、沼澤濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)型組成。自2013年1月被批準試點(dian)以來，濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)在濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)保(bao)護、修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)復(fu)、管理和建(jian)(jian)設(she)等(deng)(deng)方面(mian)成效顯著(zhu)。一是(shi)(shi)(shi)曲(qu)阜市利用春季綠(lv)化、雨(yu)季造林、小淵基金項目等(deng)(deng)，對(dui)園(yuan)區(qu)的(de)(de)山體進(jin)(jin)行(xing)了(le)(le)綠(lv)化，面(mian)積(ji)達2000多畝(mu)，投(tou)入(ru)(ru)資(zi)金3000萬元(yuan)；二是(shi)(shi)(shi)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)植(zhi)(zhi)被修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)復(fu)、棲息(xi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)保(bao)護恢復(fu)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)。在夫子洞(dong)河、田黃河、張馬河3條流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)入(ru)(ru)湖(hu)區(qu)河流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)及濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)的(de)(de)恢復(fu)重(zhong)建(jian)(jian)區(qu)，通過建(jian)(jian)生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)島、生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)塘、退耕還湖(hu)、栽植(zhi)(zhi)蘆葦(wei)等(deng)(deng)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)復(fu)1000畝(mu)；栽植(zhi)(zhi)漿果植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)、蜜(mi)源(yuan)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)等(deng)(deng)近200畝(mu)，為(wei)鳥類提供食物(wu)(wu)，為(wei)園(yuan)區(qu)動物(wu)(wu)提供棲息(xi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)；三是(shi)(shi)(shi)在東官村西南和西官村古建(jian)(jian)筑前進(jin)(jin)行(xing)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)景點(dian)景觀重(zhong)點(dian)打造。工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)建(jian)(jian)設(she)內容有親水(shui)木(mu)棧道(dao)、觀鳥(觀景)亭、連(lian)塘水(shui)系(塘)、宣教(jiao)(jiao)牌(pai)展(zhan)設(she)、游(you)步道(dao)、綠(lv)化植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)栽植(zhi)(zhi)等(deng)(deng)；四是(shi)(shi)(shi)安(an)(an)裝了(le)(le)水(shui)質(zhi)監測(ce)等(deng)(deng)監測(ce)設(she)備，與曲(qu)師大(da)合作(zuo)建(jian)(jian)立了(le)(le)科研基地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)；五是(shi)(shi)(shi)投(tou)入(ru)(ru)資(zi)金1000萬元(yuan)，對(dui)環湖(hu)路進(jin)(jin)行(xing)拓寬(kuan)、修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)補、綠(lv)化、亮(liang)化等(deng)(deng)，建(jian)(jian)設(she)了(le)(le)科普宣教(jiao)(jiao)中心，布設(she)了(le)(le)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)牌(pai)示系統(tong)、解說系統(tong)等(deng)(deng)；六(liu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)開展(zhan)了(le)(le)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)及其湖(hu)泊流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)域(yu)服務行(xing)業(ye)環境(jing)(jing)綜(zong)合整治工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)，實(shi)現每年產生(sheng)的(de)(de)餐廚垃圾得到分類資(zi)源(yuan)化、無害化處置；七是(shi)(shi)(shi)實(shi)施了(le)(le)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)區(qu)域(yu)村莊連(lian)片(pian)環境(jing)(jing)綜(zong)合整治工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)，用“沉淀(dian)塘+氧化塘+兩級表(biao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)+穩定塘”工(gong)(gong)藝，實(shi)現水(shui)質(zhi)凈(jing)化目的(de)(de)；八是(shi)(shi)(shi)開展(zhan)了(le)(le)聯合行(xing)動，對(dui)湖(hu)區(qu)內的(de)(de)養魚(yu)網箱、公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)周邊(bian)的(de)(de)采砂(sha)點(dian)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)了(le)(le)集中清理，關閉(bi)了(le)(le)一批湖(hu)區(qu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)域(yu)范(fan)圍內不(bu)能夠達標排放的(de)(de)小企業(ye)、小作(zuo)坊，保(bao)障了(le)(le)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)水(shui)質(zhi)和生(sheng)態的(de)(de)安(an)(an)全；九是(shi)(shi)(shi)實(shi)施了(le)(le)日常巡護和土(tu)壤(rang)環境(jing)(jing)保(bao)護，減少農(nong)藥使用，降低面(mian)源(yuan)污染。