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基本介紹

孔子湖濕地公園即尼山水庫區，位于山東南部濟寧地區曲阜市尼山鎮，是曲阜市重要的飲用水水源地。公園內(nei)分為(wei)庫塘(tang)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)、季節性(xing)河流濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)和沼(zhao)澤(ze)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)3個濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)型，其(qi)中濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)面(mian)積1093.8公頃，占(zhan)總(zong)面(mian)積72.7%。濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)公園自然(ran)景觀獨特，生(sheng)態系統結構(gou)完(wan)整，是眾多野(ye)生(sheng)動植(zhi)物(wu)的(de)(de)棲息地(di)(di)及繁(fan)衍地(di)(di)。公園內(nei)擁有高等植(zhi)物(wu)343種(zhong)(zhong)。濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)野(ye)生(sheng)動物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)類共528種(zhong)(zhong)，其(qi)中哺乳(ru)動物(wu)18種(zhong)(zhong)；兩(liang)棲動物(wu)4種(zhong)(zhong)；爬行動物(wu)13種(zhong)(zhong)；野(ye)生(sheng)鳥類76種(zhong)(zhong)；昆蟲140種(zhong)(zhong)；水生(sheng)生(sheng)物(wu)353種(zhong)(zhong)。公園的(de)(de)建設將為(wei)野(ye)生(sheng)動植(zhi)物(wu)創造良(liang)好的(de)(de)生(sheng)存環(huan)境，為(wei)眾多的(de)(de)珍稀瀕危候(hou)鳥提供(gong)天然(ran)的(de)(de)棲息地(di)(di)和繁(fan)衍地(di)(di)。

按照功能性與主題性相結合的原則將園區劃分為生態保育區、恢復重建區、宣教展示區、合理利用區和管理服務區五個功能區。生態保育區面積771.8公頃，占全園總面積的51.3%；恢復重建區面積527公頃，占全園面積的35%；宣教展示區面積34公頃，占全園總面積的2.3%；合理利用區面積162.2公頃，占全園面積的10.8%；管理服務區10.2公頃，占全園面積的0.6%。

孔子湖(hu)(hu)國家濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)規劃總面積為1505.2公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃，其中濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)面積1093.8公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃，占總面積的(de)72.7%，主(zhu)要由庫塘(tang)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)、沼(zhao)澤(ze)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)型組成(cheng)。自2013年1月被批準試點以(yi)來，濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)在濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)保(bao)護、修(xiu)(xiu)復、管理和建設等(deng)方面成(cheng)效(xiao)顯著。一(yi)(yi)是(shi)(shi)曲阜市利用春季綠(lv)(lv)化(hua)、雨季造(zao)林、小淵(yuan)基(ji)金項目等(deng)，對(dui)(dui)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)區(qu)(qu)的(de)山體進(jin)行(xing)(xing)了(le)(le)(le)(le)綠(lv)(lv)化(hua)，面積達2000多畝，投(tou)入資金3000萬元；二(er)是(shi)(shi)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)植被修(xiu)(xiu)復、棲息地(di)(di)(di)(di)保(bao)護恢復工(gong)程(cheng)。在夫子洞河(he)、田(tian)黃河(he)、張馬河(he)3條流入湖(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)河(he)流及濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)恢復重建區(qu)(qu)，通過建生(sheng)物(wu)島、生(sheng)物(wu)塘(tang)、退(tui)耕還湖(hu)(hu)、栽(zai)植蘆(lu)葦等(deng)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)修(xiu)(xiu)復1000畝；栽(zai)植漿(jiang)果植物(wu)、蜜源(yuan)植物(wu)等(deng)近(jin)200畝，為鳥(niao)類提(ti)供食(shi)物(wu)，為園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)區(qu)(qu)動(dong)物(wu)提(ti)供棲息地(di)(di)(di)(di)；三是(shi)(shi)在東(dong)官(guan)村(cun)西南和西官(guan)村(cun)古建筑前進(jin)行(xing)(xing)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)景(jing)點景(jing)觀重點打造(zao)。工(gong)程(cheng)建設內(nei)容(rong)有親水(shui)木棧(zhan)道(dao)(dao)、觀鳥(niao)(觀景(jing))亭、連塘(tang)水(shui)系(塘(tang))、宣教(jiao)牌展(zhan)設、游步道(dao)(dao)、綠(lv)(lv)化(hua)植物(wu)栽(zai)植等(deng)；四是(shi)(shi)安(an)裝了(le)(le)(le)(le)水(shui)質監(jian)測等(deng)監(jian)測設備，與曲師大合(he)(he)作(zuo)建立了(le)(le)(le)(le)科研(yan)基(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(di)；五是(shi)(shi)投(tou)入資金1000萬元，對(dui)(dui)環(huan)(huan)湖(hu)(hu)路(lu)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)拓寬、修(xiu)(xiu)補、綠(lv)(lv)化(hua)、亮化(hua)等(deng)，建設了(le)(le)(le)(le)科普宣教(jiao)中心，布設了(le)(le)(le)(le)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)牌示系統、解說(shuo)系統等(deng)；六是(shi)(shi)開展(zhan)了(le)(le)(le)(le)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)及其湖(hu)(hu)泊流域服務行(xing)(xing)業環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)綜(zong)合(he)(he)整治工(gong)程(cheng)，實現每(mei)年產生(sheng)的(de)餐廚垃圾得到分(fen)類資源(yuan)化(hua)、無害化(hua)處(chu)置；七是(shi)(shi)實施(shi)了(le)(le)(le)(le)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)區(qu)(qu)域村(cun)莊連片環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)綜(zong)合(he)(he)整治工(gong)程(cheng)，用“沉(chen)淀塘(tang)+氧(yang)化(hua)塘(tang)+兩級表流濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)+穩定(ding)塘(tang)”工(gong)藝，實現水(shui)質凈化(hua)目的(de)；八是(shi)(shi)開展(zhan)了(le)(le)(le)(le)聯合(he)(he)行(xing)(xing)動(dong)，對(dui)(dui)湖(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)內(nei)的(de)養(yang)魚網箱、公(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)周邊的(de)采砂點進(jin)行(xing)(xing)了(le)(le)(le)(le)集中清理，關閉了(le)(le)(le)(le)一(yi)(yi)批湖(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)流域范圍(wei)內(nei)不能夠達標排放的(de)小企業、小作(zuo)坊，保(bao)障了(le)(le)(le)(le)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)水(shui)質和生(sheng)態的(de)安(an)全(quan)；九是(shi)(shi)實施(shi)了(le)(le)(le)(le)日(ri)常(chang)巡護和土壤環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)保(bao)護，減少(shao)農藥(yao)使用，降低面源(yuan)污染。