芒果视频下载

基本介紹

膠(jiao)澳總督府位于(yu)(yu)市南(nan)區(qu)沂水路(lu)11號，1904年(nian)5月開(kai)工(gong)，1906年(nian)4月竣(jun)工(gong)。由(you)德(de)國設計(ji)師拉查魯(lu)維(wei)茨(ci)設計(ji)，建筑師為(wei)德(de)國人(ren)馬(ma)(ma)爾克，由(you)德(de)國漢(han)堡阿爾托納(na)區(qu)F·H·施密特公司(si)施工(gong)。面對小(xiao)青(qing)島(dao)和青(qing)島(dao)灣，處(chu)于(yu)(yu)當時青(qing)島(dao)市中心處(chu)，是(shi)當時德(de)國膠(jiao)澳總督辦(ban)公的地(di)方(fang)，又稱(cheng)“總督府”。這座(zuo)由(you)花崗巖砌成的“總督府”，始建于(yu)(yu)1903年(nian)，1906年(nian)竣(jun)工(gong)。是(shi)一(yi)座(zuo)磚石和鋼(gang)木混合結構的建筑，建筑面積(ji)7500平方(fang)米(mi)，耗資85萬德(de)國馬(ma)(ma)克。

建筑特色

建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)采用19世(shi)紀歐洲公(gong)(gong)共建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)對稱平(ping)面(mian)(mian)(mian)，主(zhu)(zhu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)三(san)(san)縱五段的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)對稱處理，中軸線非(fei)(fei)常(chang)突出，建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)平(ping)面(mian)(mian)(mian)呈“凹”字型。東西長80米,南北長約40米。四(si)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)設半(ban)地下(xia)室。位于(yu)二層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)扁圓大圓券(quan)門(men)(men)廊為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)入口,由寬(kuan)大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)39級石階和(he)兩邊的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)行車坡道直通(tong), 建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)2～3層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)辦(ban)公(gong)(gong)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou),由中部(bu)(bu)大樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)梯聯通(tong),層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)高(gao)(gao)4米。半(ban)地下(xia)室、四(si)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)及(ji)閣樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)是獨立(li)輔(fu)(fu)助辦(ban)公(gong)(gong)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng),僅能由兩側(ce)次段樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)梯與各(ge)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)聯系(xi)。整個建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)以(yi)古典(dian)主(zhu)(zhu)義立(li)面(mian)(mian)(mian)劃(hua)分,底層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)作為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)基座(zuo),用粗大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)蘑菇(gu)石砌筑(zhu),敦實(shi)厚重(zhong)(zhong),以(yi)上(shang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)高(gao)(gao)達(da)兩層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)花崗石矩形(xing)(xing)壁柱和(he)變形(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)愛(ai)奧尼(ni)克柱頭(tou),柱間(jian)做(zuo)石砌拱檐,拱上(shang)部(bu)(bu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)石砌墻(qiang)(qiang)面(mian)(mian)(mian), 墻(qiang)(qiang)上(shang)開(kai)小窄窗。南主(zhu)(zhu)立(li)面(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)三(san)(san)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)柱間(jian)作拱形(xing)(xing)明柱廊。配(pei)以(yi)折(zhe)線型屋頂(ding)，覆以(yi)筒式紅(hong)(hong)瓦，開(kai)啟有(you)(you)(you)弧狀屋面(mian)(mian)(mian)窗，頂(ding)側(ce)裝(zhuang)有(you)(you)(you)鐵欄(lan)桿，既用于(yu)裝(zhuang)飾，又做(zuo)避(bi)雷(lei)針(zhen)，十(shi)分精巧。 總(zong)督府(fu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)5層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)房(fang)(fang)，主(zhu)(zhu)體高(gao)(gao)20米，1、4、5層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)均為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)窗戶(hu)較小的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輔(fu)(fu)助性房(fang)(fang)間(jian)，主(zhu)(zhu)要辦(ban)公(gong)(gong)室都在2、3層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)朝陽的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)面(mian)(mian)(mian)，走(zou)廊均在背陰的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)面(mian)(mian)(mian)。辦(ban)公(gong)(gong)室寬(kuan)敞(chang)明亮，門(men)(men)窗很(hen)大，辦(ban)公(gong)(gong)室外(wai)(wai)還有(you)(you)(you)長廊式陽臺，室內除裝(zhuang)有(you)(you)(you)柚(you)木(mu)護墻(qiang)(qiang)板(ban)和(he)地板(ban)外(wai)(wai)，別無(wu)其它裝(zhuang)飾，使人(ren)感到莊重(zhong)(zhong)樸實(shi)。整個建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)外(wai)(wai)形(xing)(xing)非(fei)(fei)常(chang)莊重(zhong)(zhong)，處理手法(fa)也(ye)非(fei)(fei)常(chang)嚴謹(jin)。大樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)外(wai)(wai)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)拱圈(quan)形(xing)(xing)大門(men)(men)，進門(men)(men)則是2層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)。2層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)門(men)(men)廳(ting)和(he)3層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)會(hui)議廳(ting)及(ji)主(zhu)(zhu)要大廳(ting)都很(hen)高(gao)(gao)大。總(zong)督府(fu)內的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)門(men)(men)窗等木(mu)作皆用柚(you)木(mu)做(zuo)成,耐變形(xing)(xing)。外(wai)(wai)墻(qiang)(qiang)轉角處為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)向外(wai)(wai)斜出的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)石砌勒(le)腳(jiao),以(yi)加(jia)強穩定感。屋蓋(gai)配(pei)以(yi)高(gao)(gao)聳(song)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)蒙莎式層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)頂(ding),掛紅(hong)(hong)筒瓦。整個建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)氣勢宏大,莊嚴而生動。該建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)位于(yu)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)前廣(guang)場(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中軸線上(shang),廣(guang)場(chang)前方通(tong)過(guo)疊落(luo)后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)青(qing)島(dao)(dao)路及(ji)中心花壇直對海面(mian)(mian)(mian),更加(jia)突出行政建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)莊重(zhong)(zhong)格局。解放(fang)前該樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)歷屆政府(fu)辦(ban)公(gong)(gong)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)。解放(fang)后(hou)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)青(qing)島(dao)(dao)市人(ren)民政府(fu)辦(ban)公(gong)(gong)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)。由于(yu)它背山面(mian)(mian)(mian)海，樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)前廣(guang)場(chang)空間(jian)開(kai)闊(kuo)，更顯得蔚為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)壯觀(guan)，在建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)方位多不規則的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)青(qing)島(dao)(dao)市區內，它是少見的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)座(zuo)近似正(zheng)南正(zheng)北的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)物。

建設沿革

1914年(nian)第一次世界大戰爆發，日本取代德國侵占青(qing)島(dao)，總(zong)督(du)府成(cheng)為日軍駐青(qing)島(dao)守備司令(ling)部。1922年(nian)，中國政府從(cong)日本人手(shou)中收回青(qing)島(dao)，此樓成(cheng)為膠澳商(shang)埠督(du)辦公(gong)(gong)署，1929年(nian)4月，總(zong)督(du)府又為青(qing)島(dao)接收專員公(gong)(gong)署，同年(nian)7月成(cheng)為青(qing)島(dao)特別市政府的所在地。

1938年(nian)，日本第二次侵占青島(dao)(dao)，總督(du)府(fu)(fu)又(you)成為(wei)日偽最高(gao)統治機(ji)關所(suo)在地，先(xian)后稱為(wei)“青島(dao)(dao)特別市公署”，“青島(dao)(dao)特別市政(zheng)府(fu)(fu)”。1945年(nian)日本投(tou)降后，國民(min)黨(dang)政(zheng)府(fu)(fu)接收青島(dao)(dao)，總督(du)府(fu)(fu)再次作(zuo)為(wei)青島(dao)(dao)市政(zheng)府(fu)(fu)所(suo)在地。

1949年(nian)(nian)6月2日，青島(dao)解放。這(zhe)座辦(ban)公(gong)大樓(lou)先后為青島(dao)市(shi)人(ren)民政府、青島(dao)市(shi)人(ren)民委員會(hui)所在地。現為市(shi)人(ren)大常(chang)委會(hui)和市(shi)政協的辦(ban)公(gong)場(chang)所。1996年(nian)(nian)，被國務院(yuan)公(gong)布為全國重點文物保護單位。