膠澳總督府位于(yu)市(shi)南區(qu)沂水路11號,1904年5月(yue)開工,1906年4月(yue)竣工。由(you)德(de)(de)(de)國(guo)設(she)計師(shi)拉查魯維(wei)茨(ci)設(she)計,建筑(zhu)師(shi)為德(de)(de)(de)國(guo)人馬爾克(ke),由(you)德(de)(de)(de)國(guo)漢堡阿爾托納區(qu)F·H·施密(mi)特公(gong)(gong)司施工。面對小青(qing)島(dao)和青(qing)島(dao)灣(wan),處(chu)于(yu)當時青(qing)島(dao)市(shi)中心處(chu),是當時德(de)(de)(de)國(guo)膠澳總督辦公(gong)(gong)的地(di)方,又(you)稱“總督府”。這(zhe)座由(you)花崗巖砌成的“總督府”,始建于(yu)1903年,1906年竣工。是一座磚石和鋼木混合結構的建筑(zhu),建筑(zhu)面積7500平(ping)方米(mi),耗資85萬德(de)(de)(de)國(guo)馬克(ke)。
建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)采用(yong)19世(shi)紀歐(ou)洲公(gong)(gong)共(gong)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)對(dui)稱(cheng)(cheng)平面(mian),主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)面(mian)為(wei)(wei)三縱五段(duan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)對(dui)稱(cheng)(cheng)處理(li),中軸(zhou)(zhou)線(xian)非常突出,建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)平面(mian)呈(cheng)“凹”字型(xing)。東西長80米(mi),南(nan)北長約40米(mi)。四(si)層(ceng)(ceng)設(she)半(ban)地下室(shi)。位(wei)于二層(ceng)(ceng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)扁圓(yuan)大(da)(da)(da)圓(yuan)券門(men)(men)廊為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)入口,由寬(kuan)大(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)39級石階和(he)(he)兩邊(bian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)行車坡道直通(tong), 建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)2~3層(ceng)(ceng)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)辦(ban)(ban)公(gong)(gong)樓(lou),由中部(bu)大(da)(da)(da)樓(lou)梯聯通(tong),層(ceng)(ceng)高4米(mi)。半(ban)地下室(shi)、四(si)層(ceng)(ceng)及(ji)閣樓(lou)層(ceng)(ceng)是獨立輔助(zhu)(zhu)辦(ban)(ban)公(gong)(gong)樓(lou)層(ceng)(ceng),僅能(neng)由兩側次段(duan)樓(lou)梯與各(ge)層(ceng)(ceng)聯系。整(zheng)個(ge)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)以(yi)古典主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義立面(mian)劃分(fen),底層(ceng)(ceng)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)基座,用(yong)粗大(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)蘑菇(gu)石砌(qi)筑(zhu)(zhu),敦實厚重(zhong),以(yi)上(shang)為(wei)(wei)高達兩層(ceng)(ceng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)花崗石矩(ju)形(xing)壁(bi)柱和(he)(he)變形(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)愛奧(ao)尼(ni)克(ke)柱頭(tou),柱間(jian)做(zuo)石砌(qi)拱(gong)(gong)檐,拱(gong)(gong)上(shang)部(bu)為(wei)(wei)石砌(qi)墻面(mian), 墻上(shang)開(kai)小窄窗(chuang)(chuang)。南(nan)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)立面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)三層(ceng)(ceng)柱間(jian)作(zuo)拱(gong)(gong)形(xing)明柱廊。配以(yi)折線(xian)型(xing)屋頂,覆(fu)以(yi)筒式紅(hong)瓦(wa),開(kai)啟有(you)弧狀屋面(mian)窗(chuang)(chuang),頂側裝(zhuang)有(you)鐵欄桿(gan),既用(yong)于裝(zhuang)飾,又做(zuo)避雷針,十分(fen)精(jing)巧。 總(zong)督府為(wei)(wei)5層(ceng)(ceng)樓(lou)房,主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體高20米(mi),1、4、5層(ceng)(ceng)樓(lou)均為(wei)(wei)窗(chuang)(chuang)戶較小的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輔助(zhu)(zhu)性(xing)房間(jian),主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)辦(ban)(ban)公(gong)(gong)室(shi)都(dou)在(zai)2、3層(ceng)(ceng)朝(chao)陽的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)面(mian),走廊均在(zai)背(bei)陰的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)面(mian)。辦(ban)(ban)公(gong)(gong)室(shi)寬(kuan)敞明亮,門(men)(men)窗(chuang)(chuang)很(hen)大(da)(da)(da),辦(ban)(ban)公(gong)(gong)室(shi)外(wai)(wai)還有(you)長廊式陽臺,室(shi)內(nei)除裝(zhuang)有(you)柚木護墻板(ban)和(he)(he)地板(ban)外(wai)(wai),別無其(qi)它(ta)裝(zhuang)飾,使人感(gan)到莊重(zhong)樸實。整(zheng)個(ge)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)外(wai)(wai)形(xing)非常莊重(zhong),處理(li)手法也非常嚴謹。大(da)(da)(da)樓(lou)外(wai)(wai)為(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)拱(gong)(gong)圈形(xing)大(da)(da)(da)門(men)(men),進門(men)(men)則(ze)是2層(ceng)(ceng)。2層(ceng)(ceng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)門(men)(men)廳和(he)(he)3層(ceng)(ceng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)會議廳及(ji)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)大(da)(da)(da)廳都(dou)很(hen)高大(da)(da)(da)。總(zong)督府內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)門(men)(men)窗(chuang)(chuang)等木作(zuo)皆用(yong)柚木做(zuo)成,耐變形(xing)。外(wai)(wai)墻轉角處為(wei)(wei)向外(wai)(wai)斜出的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)石砌(qi)勒腳,以(yi)加(jia)強穩定感(gan)。屋蓋配以(yi)高聳的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)蒙莎式層(ceng)(ceng)頂,掛紅(hong)筒瓦(wa)。整(zheng)個(ge)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)氣勢宏大(da)(da)(da),莊嚴而生動(dong)。該建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)位(wei)于樓(lou)前(qian)廣場的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中軸(zhou)(zhou)線(xian)上(shang),廣場前(qian)方通(tong)過疊落后的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)青島路及(ji)中心花壇直對(dui)海(hai)面(mian),更加(jia)突出行政(zheng)(zheng)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)莊重(zhong)格局(ju)。解放前(qian)該樓(lou)為(wei)(wei)歷屆政(zheng)(zheng)府辦(ban)(ban)公(gong)(gong)樓(lou)。解放后為(wei)(wei)青島市人民政(zheng)(zheng)府辦(ban)(ban)公(gong)(gong)樓(lou)。由于它(ta)背(bei)山面(mian)海(hai),樓(lou)前(qian)廣場空間(jian)開(kai)闊,更顯得(de)蔚(yu)為(wei)(wei)壯觀(guan),在(zai)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)方位(wei)多不規則(ze)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)青島市區(qu)內(nei),它(ta)是少見的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)座近似正南(nan)正北的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)物(wu)。
1914年(nian)(nian)第一次世(shi)界大戰爆(bao)發,日(ri)(ri)本取代德國(guo)侵(qin)占(zhan)青島(dao),總督(du)府(fu)(fu)成為日(ri)(ri)軍駐青島(dao)守(shou)備司令部。1922年(nian)(nian),中國(guo)政(zheng)府(fu)(fu)從日(ri)(ri)本人手中收回青島(dao),此樓成為膠澳商埠(bu)督(du)辦公署,1929年(nian)(nian)4月,總督(du)府(fu)(fu)又(you)為青島(dao)接收專員公署,同年(nian)(nian)7月成為青島(dao)特(te)別市政(zheng)府(fu)(fu)的(de)所在地。
1938年,日本第二(er)次侵占青(qing)(qing)島(dao)(dao),總督府(fu)(fu)又成為(wei)(wei)日偽最(zui)高統治機關(guan)所在地(di),先后(hou)稱為(wei)(wei)“青(qing)(qing)島(dao)(dao)特(te)別(bie)市公署”,“青(qing)(qing)島(dao)(dao)特(te)別(bie)市政(zheng)府(fu)(fu)”。1945年日本投降后(hou),國民黨政(zheng)府(fu)(fu)接收(shou)青(qing)(qing)島(dao)(dao),總督府(fu)(fu)再次作為(wei)(wei)青(qing)(qing)島(dao)(dao)市政(zheng)府(fu)(fu)所在地(di)。
1949年6月2日,青島解放。這座辦公大樓(lou)先后為(wei)青島市(shi)(shi)人民政(zheng)府、青島市(shi)(shi)人民委員會所(suo)在地。現為(wei)市(shi)(shi)人大常委會和市(shi)(shi)政(zheng)協(xie)的辦公場(chang)所(suo)。1996年,被國務院公布為(wei)全國重點文物保護單位。