膠澳總督府(fu)位于(yu)市南區沂水路11號,1904年(nian)5月(yue)開工(gong),1906年(nian)4月(yue)竣(jun)工(gong)。由德(de)國(guo)設計師拉查魯(lu)維茨設計,建筑(zhu)師為德(de)國(guo)人(ren)馬爾(er)克(ke),由德(de)國(guo)漢(han)堡阿爾(er)托(tuo)納(na)區F·H·施(shi)密特公司(si)施(shi)工(gong)。面對小青(qing)島(dao)和青(qing)島(dao)灣,處(chu)于(yu)當(dang)時青(qing)島(dao)市中心處(chu),是當(dang)時德(de)國(guo)膠澳總督辦公的(de)地方,又稱“總督府(fu)”。這座(zuo)(zuo)由花崗巖(yan)砌成(cheng)的(de)“總督府(fu)”,始建于(yu)1903年(nian),1906年(nian)竣(jun)工(gong)。是一座(zuo)(zuo)磚石(shi)和鋼(gang)木混合(he)結構的(de)建筑(zhu),建筑(zhu)面積7500平(ping)方米,耗資85萬德(de)國(guo)馬克(ke)。
建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)采用(yong)19世紀歐洲公共建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)對(dui)稱平面(mian),主(zhu)(zhu)面(mian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)三縱五段(duan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)對(dui)稱處理(li),中(zhong)軸線(xian)非(fei)常(chang)突出(chu),建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)平面(mian)呈(cheng)“凹”字型(xing)。東西長(chang)80米(mi),南北(bei)長(chang)約40米(mi)。四(si)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)設(she)半(ban)地(di)下室(shi)(shi)(shi)。位(wei)于(yu)(yu)(yu)二(er)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)扁圓大(da)圓券門廊(lang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)入口,由(you)寬大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)39級石階(jie)和兩邊的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)行車(che)坡道(dao)直(zhi)通(tong)(tong), 建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)2~3層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)辦(ban)公樓(lou)(lou),由(you)中(zhong)部大(da)樓(lou)(lou)梯聯通(tong)(tong),層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)高(gao)4米(mi)。半(ban)地(di)下室(shi)(shi)(shi)、四(si)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)及閣樓(lou)(lou)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)是(shi)獨立輔助(zhu)辦(ban)公樓(lou)(lou)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng),僅(jin)能由(you)兩側(ce)次段(duan)樓(lou)(lou)梯與各層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)聯系。整(zheng)個(ge)(ge)(ge)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)以(yi)古典主(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)立面(mian)劃(hua)分(fen),底(di)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)基座(zuo),用(yong)粗大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)蘑菇石砌(qi)筑(zhu),敦(dun)實厚重(zhong),以(yi)上(shang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)高(gao)達兩層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)花崗石矩形(xing)(xing)壁(bi)柱(zhu)和變形(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)愛奧尼(ni)克柱(zhu)頭,柱(zhu)間做石砌(qi)拱(gong)(gong)檐,拱(gong)(gong)上(shang)部為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)石砌(qi)墻(qiang)面(mian), 墻(qiang)上(shang)開小窄窗。南主(zhu)(zhu)立面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)三層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)柱(zhu)間作(zuo)拱(gong)(gong)形(xing)(xing)明柱(zhu)廊(lang)。配以(yi)折線(xian)型(xing)屋(wu)(wu)頂(ding),覆以(yi)筒(tong)式(shi)紅(hong)瓦,開啟有(you)(you)弧狀屋(wu)(wu)面(mian)窗,頂(ding)側(ce)裝有(you)(you)鐵欄桿,既(ji)用(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)裝飾,又做避(bi)雷針,十分(fen)精巧(qiao)。 總督府為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)5層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)樓(lou)(lou)房,主(zhu)(zhu)體高(gao)20米(mi),1、4、5層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)樓(lou)(lou)均為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)窗戶(hu)較小的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輔助(zhu)性房間,主(zhu)(zhu)要辦(ban)公室(shi)(shi)(shi)都(dou)在(zai)2、3層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)朝陽的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一面(mian),走(zou)廊(lang)均在(zai)背陰(yin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一面(mian)。辦(ban)公室(shi)(shi)(shi)寬敞(chang)明亮,門窗很大(da),辦(ban)公室(shi)(shi)(shi)外還有(you)(you)長(chang)廊(lang)式(shi)陽臺(tai),室(shi)(shi)(shi)內除裝有(you)(you)柚(you)木護墻(qiang)板和地(di)板外,別無其它(ta)裝飾,使人感到(dao)莊(zhuang)重(zhong)樸(pu)實。整(zheng)個(ge)(ge)(ge)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)外形(xing)(xing)非(fei)常(chang)莊(zhuang)重(zhong),處理(li)手法也非(fei)常(chang)嚴(yan)謹。大(da)樓(lou)(lou)外為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一拱(gong)(gong)圈形(xing)(xing)大(da)門,進門則是(shi)2層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)。2層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)門廳和3層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)會(hui)議廳及主(zhu)(zhu)要大(da)廳都(dou)很高(gao)大(da)。總督府內的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)門窗等木作(zuo)皆用(yong)柚(you)木做成,耐變形(xing)(xing)。外墻(qiang)轉角處為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)向外斜出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)石砌(qi)勒腳,以(yi)加強穩定感。屋(wu)(wu)蓋配以(yi)高(gao)聳(song)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)蒙莎式(shi)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)頂(ding),掛(gua)紅(hong)筒(tong)瓦。整(zheng)個(ge)(ge)(ge)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)氣(qi)勢(shi)宏大(da),莊(zhuang)嚴(yan)而生動。該(gai)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)位(wei)于(yu)(yu)(yu)樓(lou)(lou)前廣場的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)軸線(xian)上(shang),廣場前方通(tong)(tong)過疊(die)落后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)青島路(lu)及中(zhong)心花壇直(zhi)對(dui)海(hai)(hai)面(mian),更(geng)加突出(chu)行政建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)莊(zhuang)重(zhong)格局。解放前該(gai)樓(lou)(lou)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)歷屆(jie)政府辦(ban)公樓(lou)(lou)。解放后(hou)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)青島市人民政府辦(ban)公樓(lou)(lou)。由(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)它(ta)背山面(mian)海(hai)(hai),樓(lou)(lou)前廣場空(kong)間開闊,更(geng)顯(xian)得蔚為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)壯觀,在(zai)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)方位(wei)多(duo)不規則的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)青島市區(qu)內,它(ta)是(shi)少見的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一座(zuo)近似正南正北(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)物(wu)。
1914年(nian)第一次世(shi)界(jie)大(da)戰爆發,日本取代德國侵占(zhan)青島,總督府成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)日軍駐青島守(shou)備司(si)令部。1922年(nian),中國政府從日本人手(shou)中收回青島,此樓(lou)成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)膠澳商(shang)埠督辦公署,1929年(nian)4月,總督府又為(wei)青島接收專員公署,同年(nian)7月成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)青島特別(bie)市政府的(de)所在地。
1938年,日本第二次侵(qin)占青(qing)島(dao)(dao),總督(du)府又成為日偽最(zui)高統治機關所(suo)在(zai)地,先(xian)后稱為“青(qing)島(dao)(dao)特別市(shi)公署”,“青(qing)島(dao)(dao)特別市(shi)政(zheng)府”。1945年日本投降后,國民黨(dang)政(zheng)府接收青(qing)島(dao)(dao),總督(du)府再次作為青(qing)島(dao)(dao)市(shi)政(zheng)府所(suo)在(zai)地。
1949年6月2日,青(qing)島(dao)解放。這座辦公(gong)大樓先(xian)后為(wei)青(qing)島(dao)市(shi)(shi)人民(min)政府(fu)、青(qing)島(dao)市(shi)(shi)人民(min)委員會所在地。現為(wei)市(shi)(shi)人大常委會和市(shi)(shi)政協(xie)的(de)辦公(gong)場所。1996年,被(bei)國(guo)務院公(gong)布為(wei)全國(guo)重點文物保護單位。