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基本介紹

膠(jiao)澳總(zong)(zong)督(du)府位于市南區(qu)沂水路11號，1904年(nian)(nian)5月開工(gong)(gong)，1906年(nian)(nian)4月竣(jun)工(gong)(gong)。由德國(guo)設計(ji)(ji)師拉查(cha)魯維茨(ci)設計(ji)(ji)，建筑(zhu)師為德國(guo)人馬爾(er)克，由德國(guo)漢堡阿爾(er)托(tuo)納區(qu)F·H·施密特(te)公(gong)司(si)施工(gong)(gong)。面(mian)對小青島(dao)和青島(dao)灣(wan)，處于當(dang)時青島(dao)市中心(xin)處，是當(dang)時德國(guo)膠(jiao)澳總(zong)(zong)督(du)辦公(gong)的(de)地方(fang)，又稱“總(zong)(zong)督(du)府”。這(zhe)座由花崗巖砌成的(de)“總(zong)(zong)督(du)府”，始建于1903年(nian)(nian)，1906年(nian)(nian)竣(jun)工(gong)(gong)。是一(yi)座磚石和鋼木混合(he)結構(gou)的(de)建筑(zhu)，建筑(zhu)面(mian)積7500平方(fang)米，耗資85萬德國(guo)馬克。

建筑特色

建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)采用19世(shi)紀歐洲公(gong)共建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)對稱平面(mian)(mian)(mian)，主(zhu)(zhu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)三(san)(san)縱五段的(de)(de)(de)對稱處(chu)(chu)理，中軸線(xian)非(fei)常(chang)(chang)突出，建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)平面(mian)(mian)(mian)呈“凹”字型(xing)。東西長80米(mi)(mi)(mi),南北長約40米(mi)(mi)(mi)。四層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)設半地下(xia)(xia)室(shi)(shi)。位于(yu)(yu)(yu)二層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)的(de)(de)(de)扁(bian)圓大(da)(da)(da)圓券門(men)廊為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)入口,由(you)(you)寬(kuan)大(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)39級石階和(he)(he)兩邊的(de)(de)(de)行(xing)車坡道直通, 建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)2～3層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)辦公(gong)樓(lou)(lou),由(you)(you)中部大(da)(da)(da)樓(lou)(lou)梯聯通,層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)高(gao)4米(mi)(mi)(mi)。半地下(xia)(xia)室(shi)(shi)、四層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)及閣樓(lou)(lou)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)是(shi)獨立(li)輔助辦公(gong)樓(lou)(lou)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng),僅能(neng)由(you)(you)兩側次段樓(lou)(lou)梯與各層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)聯系(xi)。整個(ge)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)以(yi)古典(dian)主(zhu)(zhu)義立(li)面(mian)(mian)(mian)劃分,底層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)作為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)基座,用粗大(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)蘑(mo)菇石砌筑(zhu)(zhu),敦實厚重,以(yi)上(shang)(shang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)高(gao)達兩層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)的(de)(de)(de)花崗石矩形(xing)壁(bi)柱(zhu)(zhu)和(he)(he)變(bian)(bian)形(xing)的(de)(de)(de)愛奧尼克柱(zhu)(zhu)頭,柱(zhu)(zhu)間(jian)(jian)(jian)做石砌拱檐,拱上(shang)(shang)部為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)石砌墻(qiang)(qiang)面(mian)(mian)(mian), 墻(qiang)(qiang)上(shang)(shang)開小(xiao)窄窗(chuang)。南主(zhu)(zhu)立(li)面(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)三(san)(san)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)柱(zhu)(zhu)間(jian)(jian)(jian)作拱形(xing)明柱(zhu)(zhu)廊。配以(yi)折線(xian)型(xing)屋頂(ding)，覆以(yi)筒(tong)式紅(hong)(hong)瓦(wa)，開啟有弧狀屋面(mian)(mian)(mian)窗(chuang)，頂(ding)側裝(zhuang)有鐵欄桿(gan)，既用于(yu)(yu)(yu)裝(zhuang)飾，又做避雷針，十(shi)分精巧。 總督府為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)5層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)樓(lou)(lou)房，主(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)高(gao)20米(mi)(mi)(mi)，1、4、5層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)樓(lou)(lou)均(jun)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)窗(chuang)戶較小(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)輔助性(xing)房間(jian)(jian)(jian)，主(zhu)(zhu)要辦公(gong)室(shi)(shi)都在2、3層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)朝陽的(de)(de)(de)一面(mian)(mian)(mian)，走廊均(jun)在背陰的(de)(de)(de)一面(mian)(mian)(mian)。辦公(gong)室(shi)(shi)寬(kuan)敞明亮，門(men)窗(chuang)很(hen)大(da)(da)(da)，辦公(gong)室(shi)(shi)外(wai)還有長廊式陽臺(tai)，室(shi)(shi)內(nei)除裝(zhuang)有柚(you)木護墻(qiang)(qiang)板和(he)(he)地板外(wai)，別無其(qi)它(ta)裝(zhuang)飾，使(shi)人感到莊(zhuang)重樸實。整個(ge)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)外(wai)形(xing)非(fei)常(chang)(chang)莊(zhuang)重，處(chu)(chu)理手法也(ye)非(fei)常(chang)(chang)嚴謹。大(da)(da)(da)樓(lou)(lou)外(wai)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一拱圈(quan)形(xing)大(da)(da)(da)門(men)，進門(men)則(ze)是(shi)2層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)。2層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)的(de)(de)(de)門(men)廳(ting)和(he)(he)3層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)的(de)(de)(de)會議廳(ting)及主(zhu)(zhu)要大(da)(da)(da)廳(ting)都很(hen)高(gao)大(da)(da)(da)。總督府內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)門(men)窗(chuang)等木作皆用柚(you)木做成(cheng),耐(nai)變(bian)(bian)形(xing)。外(wai)墻(qiang)(qiang)轉角處(chu)(chu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)向外(wai)斜出的(de)(de)(de)石砌勒腳,以(yi)加強(qiang)穩定感。屋蓋配以(yi)高(gao)聳的(de)(de)(de)蒙莎(sha)式層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)頂(ding),掛紅(hong)(hong)筒(tong)瓦(wa)。整個(ge)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)氣勢宏大(da)(da)(da),莊(zhuang)嚴而(er)生動。該建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)位于(yu)(yu)(yu)樓(lou)(lou)前(qian)廣(guang)(guang)場(chang)的(de)(de)(de)中軸線(xian)上(shang)(shang),廣(guang)(guang)場(chang)前(qian)方(fang)通過疊(die)落后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)青島(dao)路及中心花壇直對海面(mian)(mian)(mian),更加突出行(xing)政建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)莊(zhuang)重格(ge)局。解放前(qian)該樓(lou)(lou)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)歷屆(jie)政府辦公(gong)樓(lou)(lou)。解放后(hou)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)青島(dao)市人民(min)政府辦公(gong)樓(lou)(lou)。由(you)(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)它(ta)背山(shan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)海，樓(lou)(lou)前(qian)廣(guang)(guang)場(chang)空間(jian)(jian)(jian)開闊，更顯(xian)得(de)蔚為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)壯觀(guan)，在建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)方(fang)位多不(bu)規則(ze)的(de)(de)(de)青島(dao)市區(qu)內(nei)，它(ta)是(shi)少見的(de)(de)(de)一座近(jin)似正南正北的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)物。

建設沿革

1914年(nian)(nian)第(di)一次世界(jie)大戰爆發，日本取代(dai)德(de)國侵占青島，總督府成(cheng)為日軍駐青島守備司令(ling)部。1922年(nian)(nian)，中(zhong)國政府從(cong)日本人(ren)手中(zhong)收回青島，此樓成(cheng)為膠澳商埠督辦公署，1929年(nian)(nian)4月，總督府又為青島接收專員公署，同年(nian)(nian)7月成(cheng)為青島特別市政府的所在地。

1938年(nian)，日本第(di)二次侵占青(qing)島(dao)，總督府(fu)又成(cheng)為日偽(wei)最高(gao)統(tong)治機關所在地，先后(hou)稱為“青(qing)島(dao)特別(bie)市(shi)公署”，“青(qing)島(dao)特別(bie)市(shi)政府(fu)”。1945年(nian)日本投降后(hou)，國民黨政府(fu)接(jie)收青(qing)島(dao)，總督府(fu)再次作(zuo)為青(qing)島(dao)市(shi)政府(fu)所在地。

1949年6月2日，青島解(jie)放。這(zhe)座辦公(gong)大樓先后為青島市(shi)人民政(zheng)府、青島市(shi)人民委(wei)員(yuan)會所在(zai)地(di)。現為市(shi)人大常委(wei)會和市(shi)政(zheng)協的辦公(gong)場所。1996年，被國務院公(gong)布(bu)為全(quan)國重點文物(wu)保護單位。