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基本介紹

膠澳(ao)總督府(fu)位于市(shi)南區沂(yi)水路11號，1904年(nian)5月(yue)開工，1906年(nian)4月(yue)竣(jun)工。由德國(guo)(guo)設計師(shi)拉查魯維(wei)茨設計，建筑(zhu)師(shi)為(wei)德國(guo)(guo)人馬(ma)(ma)爾克，由德國(guo)(guo)漢堡阿爾托納(na)區F·H·施密特公司施工。面對(dui)小青(qing)島(dao)和青(qing)島(dao)灣，處(chu)于當時(shi)青(qing)島(dao)市(shi)中心處(chu)，是當時(shi)德國(guo)(guo)膠澳(ao)總督辦(ban)公的地方，又稱(cheng)“總督府(fu)”。這座由花崗巖砌成的“總督府(fu)”，始建于1903年(nian)，1906年(nian)竣(jun)工。是一座磚石和鋼木(mu)混合結構的建筑(zhu)，建筑(zhu)面積7500平方米，耗(hao)資85萬(wan)德國(guo)(guo)馬(ma)(ma)克。

建筑特色

建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)采用19世紀歐洲公共建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)對稱平面(mian)(mian)，主(zhu)面(mian)(mian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)三縱五段(duan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)對稱處(chu)理，中(zhong)(zhong)軸線(xian)非常(chang)突出(chu)(chu)，建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)平面(mian)(mian)呈“凹”字型(xing)。東(dong)西長80米,南北長約40米。四層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)設半地(di)(di)下室(shi)(shi)(shi)。位(wei)于二(er)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)扁圓大(da)(da)(da)圓券門廊為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)入口,由寬大(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)39級(ji)石階和(he)兩邊(bian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)行車(che)坡道直通(tong), 建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)2～3層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)辦(ban)(ban)公樓(lou)(lou),由中(zhong)(zhong)部(bu)(bu)大(da)(da)(da)樓(lou)(lou)梯聯(lian)(lian)通(tong),層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)高4米。半地(di)(di)下室(shi)(shi)(shi)、四層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)及閣樓(lou)(lou)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)是獨立(li)輔助(zhu)辦(ban)(ban)公樓(lou)(lou)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng),僅(jin)能由兩側次段(duan)樓(lou)(lou)梯與各(ge)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)聯(lian)(lian)系。整個建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)以古典主(zhu)義立(li)面(mian)(mian)劃分,底層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)作為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)基座(zuo),用粗大(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)蘑菇(gu)石砌(qi)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),敦實(shi)厚重(zhong)(zhong),以上(shang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)高達兩層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)花崗(gang)石矩形(xing)(xing)(xing)壁柱(zhu)和(he)變形(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)愛奧尼克柱(zhu)頭(tou),柱(zhu)間做(zuo)石砌(qi)拱(gong)(gong)檐,拱(gong)(gong)上(shang)部(bu)(bu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)石砌(qi)墻(qiang)面(mian)(mian), 墻(qiang)上(shang)開小窄窗(chuang)。南主(zhu)立(li)面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)三層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)柱(zhu)間作拱(gong)(gong)形(xing)(xing)(xing)明柱(zhu)廊。配以折線(xian)型(xing)屋(wu)(wu)頂，覆以筒(tong)式(shi)紅瓦，開啟有弧狀(zhuang)屋(wu)(wu)面(mian)(mian)窗(chuang)，頂側裝(zhuang)有鐵欄(lan)桿，既用于裝(zhuang)飾(shi)，又做(zuo)避(bi)雷(lei)針，十分精巧。 總督(du)府(fu)(fu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)5層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)樓(lou)(lou)房，主(zhu)體高20米，1、4、5層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)樓(lou)(lou)均(jun)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)窗(chuang)戶(hu)較小的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輔助(zhu)性房間，主(zhu)要(yao)辦(ban)(ban)公室(shi)(shi)(shi)都(dou)在(zai)2、3層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)朝陽(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一面(mian)(mian)，走廊均(jun)在(zai)背陰的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一面(mian)(mian)。辦(ban)(ban)公室(shi)(shi)(shi)寬敞明亮，門窗(chuang)很大(da)(da)(da)，辦(ban)(ban)公室(shi)(shi)(shi)外(wai)(wai)還有長廊式(shi)陽(yang)臺，室(shi)(shi)(shi)內(nei)除(chu)裝(zhuang)有柚木護(hu)墻(qiang)板(ban)和(he)地(di)(di)板(ban)外(wai)(wai)，別無其它裝(zhuang)飾(shi)，使人感(gan)到莊(zhuang)重(zhong)(zhong)樸實(shi)。整個建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)外(wai)(wai)形(xing)(xing)(xing)非常(chang)莊(zhuang)重(zhong)(zhong)，處(chu)理手法也非常(chang)嚴謹。大(da)(da)(da)樓(lou)(lou)外(wai)(wai)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一拱(gong)(gong)圈形(xing)(xing)(xing)大(da)(da)(da)門，進門則(ze)是2層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)。2層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)門廳(ting)和(he)3層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)會議廳(ting)及主(zhu)要(yao)大(da)(da)(da)廳(ting)都(dou)很高大(da)(da)(da)。總督(du)府(fu)(fu)內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)門窗(chuang)等木作皆(jie)用柚木做(zuo)成,耐變形(xing)(xing)(xing)。外(wai)(wai)墻(qiang)轉(zhuan)角處(chu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)向外(wai)(wai)斜出(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)石砌(qi)勒腳,以加(jia)強穩定感(gan)。屋(wu)(wu)蓋配以高聳(song)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)蒙莎(sha)式(shi)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)頂,掛紅筒(tong)瓦。整個建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)氣(qi)勢宏(hong)大(da)(da)(da),莊(zhuang)嚴而生動。該建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)位(wei)于樓(lou)(lou)前廣場(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)軸線(xian)上(shang),廣場(chang)前方(fang)通(tong)過疊落后的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)青(qing)島(dao)路及中(zhong)(zhong)心花壇(tan)直對海面(mian)(mian),更加(jia)突出(chu)(chu)行政建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)莊(zhuang)重(zhong)(zhong)格局。解放前該樓(lou)(lou)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)歷屆(jie)政府(fu)(fu)辦(ban)(ban)公樓(lou)(lou)。解放后為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)青(qing)島(dao)市人民政府(fu)(fu)辦(ban)(ban)公樓(lou)(lou)。由于它背山(shan)面(mian)(mian)海，樓(lou)(lou)前廣場(chang)空間開闊(kuo)，更顯(xian)得蔚為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)壯(zhuang)觀，在(zai)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)方(fang)位(wei)多不規(gui)則(ze)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)青(qing)島(dao)市區內(nei)，它是少(shao)見的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一座(zuo)近(jin)似正南正北的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)物。

建設沿革

1914年(nian)第一次世界(jie)大戰爆(bao)發，日本(ben)取代德國(guo)侵占青(qing)(qing)(qing)島(dao)，總督府(fu)成為(wei)日軍駐青(qing)(qing)(qing)島(dao)守備司令部。1922年(nian)，中國(guo)政(zheng)府(fu)從日本(ben)人手(shou)中收回(hui)青(qing)(qing)(qing)島(dao)，此(ci)樓(lou)成為(wei)膠澳商(shang)埠督辦公署，1929年(nian)4月(yue)，總督府(fu)又(you)為(wei)青(qing)(qing)(qing)島(dao)接(jie)收專員公署，同年(nian)7月(yue)成為(wei)青(qing)(qing)(qing)島(dao)特(te)別(bie)市政(zheng)府(fu)的所在地。

1938年，日(ri)本第(di)二次(ci)侵占青島(dao)(dao)，總(zong)督府(fu)(fu)(fu)又成為(wei)日(ri)偽最高(gao)統治機關所(suo)在地，先后稱(cheng)為(wei)“青島(dao)(dao)特別市(shi)公署”，“青島(dao)(dao)特別市(shi)政(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)”。1945年日(ri)本投降后，國民黨政(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)接收青島(dao)(dao)，總(zong)督府(fu)(fu)(fu)再次(ci)作為(wei)青島(dao)(dao)市(shi)政(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)所(suo)在地。

1949年(nian)6月2日，青(qing)(qing)島解放。這(zhe)座辦公大樓(lou)先后為(wei)青(qing)(qing)島市(shi)人民(min)政府、青(qing)(qing)島市(shi)人民(min)委員會所在地。現為(wei)市(shi)人大常(chang)委會和市(shi)政協(xie)的辦公場所。1996年(nian)，被(bei)國務院公布為(wei)全國重點(dian)文物保(bao)護單位。