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基本介紹

膠(jiao)澳(ao)總(zong)督(du)(du)府(fu)位于市(shi)南區沂水路11號(hao)，1904年(nian)(nian)5月(yue)開工(gong)，1906年(nian)(nian)4月(yue)竣(jun)工(gong)。由德(de)(de)國(guo)設計師(shi)(shi)拉(la)查魯(lu)維茨設計，建(jian)筑(zhu)師(shi)(shi)為德(de)(de)國(guo)人馬爾(er)克，由德(de)(de)國(guo)漢堡阿爾(er)托(tuo)納區F·H·施密特(te)公司施工(gong)。面(mian)對小青(qing)島和青(qing)島灣，處于當(dang)時青(qing)島市(shi)中心處，是當(dang)時德(de)(de)國(guo)膠(jiao)澳(ao)總(zong)督(du)(du)辦(ban)公的(de)地(di)方，又稱“總(zong)督(du)(du)府(fu)”。這座由花崗巖(yan)砌成的(de)“總(zong)督(du)(du)府(fu)”，始建(jian)于1903年(nian)(nian)，1906年(nian)(nian)竣(jun)工(gong)。是一座磚石(shi)和鋼木混(hun)合結構的(de)建(jian)筑(zhu)，建(jian)筑(zhu)面(mian)積7500平方米(mi)，耗資85萬德(de)(de)國(guo)馬克。

建筑特色

建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)采(cai)用(yong)19世紀歐洲公(gong)(gong)共建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)對稱(cheng)平面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)，主(zhu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)三縱五段的(de)(de)(de)(de)對稱(cheng)處(chu)理(li)，中軸線(xian)(xian)非(fei)常(chang)突出，建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)平面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)呈“凹”字型。東西長(chang)80米,南北(bei)長(chang)約40米。四(si)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)設半(ban)地(di)(di)下(xia)室(shi)(shi)。位于(yu)二(er)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)扁圓大(da)(da)(da)(da)圓券門(men)(men)廊為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)入(ru)口,由(you)(you)(you)寬大(da)(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)39級石階和兩邊的(de)(de)(de)(de)行(xing)車(che)坡(po)道直(zhi)通, 建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)2～3層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)辦(ban)公(gong)(gong)樓(lou),由(you)(you)(you)中部大(da)(da)(da)(da)樓(lou)梯聯通,層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)高(gao)(gao)(gao)4米。半(ban)地(di)(di)下(xia)室(shi)(shi)、四(si)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)及閣樓(lou)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)是獨立(li)輔助(zhu)辦(ban)公(gong)(gong)樓(lou)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng),僅能由(you)(you)(you)兩側(ce)次段樓(lou)梯與各層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)聯系。整個建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)以古(gu)典主(zhu)義立(li)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)劃分,底層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)基座(zuo),用(yong)粗大(da)(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)蘑菇石砌(qi)(qi)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),敦實厚重,以上(shang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)高(gao)(gao)(gao)達兩層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)花(hua)崗(gang)石矩形(xing)壁柱(zhu)(zhu)和變形(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)愛奧尼克柱(zhu)(zhu)頭,柱(zhu)(zhu)間做(zuo)石砌(qi)(qi)拱(gong)檐,拱(gong)上(shang)部為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)石砌(qi)(qi)墻(qiang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian), 墻(qiang)上(shang)開(kai)小窄(zhai)窗(chuang)(chuang)。南主(zhu)立(li)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)三層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)柱(zhu)(zhu)間作(zuo)拱(gong)形(xing)明(ming)(ming)柱(zhu)(zhu)廊。配以折(zhe)線(xian)(xian)型屋頂(ding)，覆以筒(tong)式(shi)紅瓦，開(kai)啟有弧狀屋面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)窗(chuang)(chuang)，頂(ding)側(ce)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)有鐵欄(lan)桿(gan)，既用(yong)于(yu)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)飾(shi)(shi)，又做(zuo)避雷針，十分精巧。 總(zong)督(du)(du)府(fu)(fu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)5層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)樓(lou)房，主(zhu)體(ti)高(gao)(gao)(gao)20米，1、4、5層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)樓(lou)均(jun)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)窗(chuang)(chuang)戶較小的(de)(de)(de)(de)輔助(zhu)性房間，主(zhu)要(yao)辦(ban)公(gong)(gong)室(shi)(shi)都(dou)在(zai)2、3層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)朝陽的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)，走廊均(jun)在(zai)背陰的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)。辦(ban)公(gong)(gong)室(shi)(shi)寬敞明(ming)(ming)亮，門(men)(men)窗(chuang)(chuang)很(hen)大(da)(da)(da)(da)，辦(ban)公(gong)(gong)室(shi)(shi)外(wai)還(huan)有長(chang)廊式(shi)陽臺，室(shi)(shi)內(nei)除裝(zhuang)(zhuang)有柚木護墻(qiang)板(ban)和地(di)(di)板(ban)外(wai)，別無其(qi)它裝(zhuang)(zhuang)飾(shi)(shi)，使(shi)人(ren)感到莊重樸(pu)實。整個建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)外(wai)形(xing)非(fei)常(chang)莊重，處(chu)理(li)手法也非(fei)常(chang)嚴謹(jin)。大(da)(da)(da)(da)樓(lou)外(wai)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)拱(gong)圈形(xing)大(da)(da)(da)(da)門(men)(men)，進門(men)(men)則(ze)(ze)是2層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)。2層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)門(men)(men)廳和3層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)會議廳及主(zhu)要(yao)大(da)(da)(da)(da)廳都(dou)很(hen)高(gao)(gao)(gao)大(da)(da)(da)(da)。總(zong)督(du)(du)府(fu)(fu)內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)門(men)(men)窗(chuang)(chuang)等木作(zuo)皆用(yong)柚木做(zuo)成,耐變形(xing)。外(wai)墻(qiang)轉(zhuan)角處(chu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)向(xiang)外(wai)斜出的(de)(de)(de)(de)石砌(qi)(qi)勒(le)腳,以加(jia)強穩定感。屋蓋(gai)配以高(gao)(gao)(gao)聳的(de)(de)(de)(de)蒙莎式(shi)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)頂(ding),掛紅筒(tong)瓦。整個建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)氣勢(shi)宏大(da)(da)(da)(da),莊嚴而(er)生動。該建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)位于(yu)樓(lou)前(qian)廣(guang)場的(de)(de)(de)(de)中軸線(xian)(xian)上(shang),廣(guang)場前(qian)方通過(guo)疊落(luo)后的(de)(de)(de)(de)青(qing)島路及中心花(hua)壇(tan)直(zhi)對海(hai)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian),更加(jia)突出行(xing)政建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)莊重格局。解(jie)放前(qian)該樓(lou)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)歷屆(jie)政府(fu)(fu)辦(ban)公(gong)(gong)樓(lou)。解(jie)放后為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)青(qing)島市人(ren)民政府(fu)(fu)辦(ban)公(gong)(gong)樓(lou)。由(you)(you)(you)于(yu)它背山面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)海(hai)，樓(lou)前(qian)廣(guang)場空間開(kai)闊(kuo)，更顯(xian)得蔚(yu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)壯觀(guan)，在(zai)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)方位多不規則(ze)(ze)的(de)(de)(de)(de)青(qing)島市區內(nei)，它是少見的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)座(zuo)近似正(zheng)南正(zheng)北(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)物。

建設沿革

1914年第一次世(shi)界大戰(zhan)爆發(fa)，日(ri)本(ben)取代德國侵占青(qing)(qing)(qing)島(dao)，總督府(fu)(fu)成(cheng)為日(ri)軍駐青(qing)(qing)(qing)島(dao)守備司令部。1922年，中(zhong)國政府(fu)(fu)從(cong)日(ri)本(ben)人(ren)手中(zhong)收(shou)回青(qing)(qing)(qing)島(dao)，此樓成(cheng)為膠澳商埠督辦公署(shu)，1929年4月，總督府(fu)(fu)又為青(qing)(qing)(qing)島(dao)接收(shou)專員公署(shu)，同(tong)年7月成(cheng)為青(qing)(qing)(qing)島(dao)特別市政府(fu)(fu)的所在地。

1938年(nian)，日本(ben)第二次侵占青(qing)(qing)島(dao)，總(zong)(zong)督府又成為日偽最高統治機關所(suo)(suo)在地，先后稱(cheng)為“青(qing)(qing)島(dao)特別市(shi)公署(shu)”，“青(qing)(qing)島(dao)特別市(shi)政(zheng)府”。1945年(nian)日本(ben)投(tou)降后，國民黨政(zheng)府接收(shou)青(qing)(qing)島(dao)，總(zong)(zong)督府再(zai)次作(zuo)為青(qing)(qing)島(dao)市(shi)政(zheng)府所(suo)(suo)在地。

1949年(nian)6月(yue)2日，青(qing)(qing)島解(jie)放。這座(zuo)辦公(gong)大樓(lou)先后(hou)為(wei)青(qing)(qing)島市(shi)(shi)人(ren)民(min)政(zheng)府、青(qing)(qing)島市(shi)(shi)人(ren)民(min)委員會所在地。現為(wei)市(shi)(shi)人(ren)大常委會和市(shi)(shi)政(zheng)協(xie)的辦公(gong)場所。1996年(nian)，被(bei)國務院公(gong)布為(wei)全國重(zhong)點文物保護(hu)單位。