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基本介紹

婺州蜜梨(li)翠(cui)冠梨(li)果(guo)形圓整、果(guo)點較小、松脆(cui)多汁、味甜爽口。翠(cui)玉梨(li)果(guo)皮光滑、色澤均(jun)勻、果(guo)肉潔白、肉質細嫩。

金東區地(di)(di)勢南北(bei)高(gao)，中部(bu)低，以(yi)丘(qiu)(qiu)陵(ling)山(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)為(wei)主。北(bei)部(bu)為(wei)金華山(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)脈(mo)，海拔(ba)在(zai)(zai)500米～900米之(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)，往(wang)南逐漸(jian)緩降為(wei)低崗淺丘(qiu)(qiu)。南部(bu)為(wei)仙霞嶺余脈(mo)所延伸，為(wei)低山(shan)(shan)淺丘(qiu)(qiu)與溪(xi)谷(gu)平(ping)(ping)原相間(jian)地(di)(di)形。婺(wu)(wu)州(zhou)蜜梨(li)(li)保護區多丘(qiu)(qiu)陵(ling)山(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)，受光面(mian)積(ji)大，通(tong)風透光，土(tu)(tu)壤排水(shui)(shui)通(tong)氣(qi)(qi)良(liang)好(hao)。促使梨(li)(li)樹(shu)生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)健(jian)壯，花芽(ya)分化(hua)(hua)好(hao)，樹(shu)體(ti)壽(shou)命長(chang)。金東區屬亞熱(re)(re)帶季(ji)風氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)，年平(ping)(ping)均氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)17℃左(zuo)右，1月(yue)平(ping)(ping)均氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)4.8 ℃左(zuo)右，7月(yue)平(ping)(ping)均氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)29℃，形成(cheng)冬夏(xia)長(chang)、春(chun)秋短，四季(ji)分明的特點。無霜期(qi)250天(tian)左(zuo)右。年平(ping)(ping)均降水(shui)(shui)量(liang)在(zai)(zai)1300mm～1400mm之(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)。年內變化(hua)(hua)季(ji)節分配不(bu)均勻，3月(yue)～6月(yue)為(wei)多雨期(qi)，雨量(liang)占全年50%以(yi)上(shang)(shang)，其中5月(yue)～6月(yue)份梅雨季(ji)節，常出(chu)現大面(mian)積(ji)降水(shui)(shui)；6月(yue)～8月(yue)以(yi)晴熱(re)(re)天(tian)氣(qi)(qi)為(wei)主，11月(yue)中、下旬(xun)平(ping)(ping)均氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)下降至14℃，開始(shi)落葉進入休眠越冬。婺(wu)(wu)州(zhou)蜜梨(li)(li)喜光，年平(ping)(ping)均日照時(shi)數2028小(xiao)時(shi)，為(wei)全省(sheng)日照時(shi)數最多的地(di)(di)區之(zhi)(zhi)一，隨著光照強(qiang)度(du)(du)增加(jia)，光合(he)作用(yong)增強(qiang)，光合(he)產(chan)物也多，這一氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)條件有利(li)增加(jia)婺(wu)(wu)州(zhou)蜜梨(li)(li)甜度(du)(du)，是砂梨(li)(li)品(pin)系(xi)產(chan)區中成(cheng)熟(shu)較早的產(chan)區之(zhi)(zhi)一。成(cheng)熟(shu)期(qi)間(jian)晝夜溫(wen)(wen)差大于(yu)160以(yi)上(shang)(shang)，有利(li)于(yu)養(yang)分的轉化(hua)(hua)和(he)糖分的積(ji)累(lei)，提高(gao)蜜梨(li)(li)可溶(rong)性(xing)固形物含量(liang)。婺(wu)(wu)州(zhou)蜜梨(li)(li)保護種(zhong)植區域(yu)屬錢塘江上(shang)(shang)游水(shui)(shui)系(xi)，義(yi)烏江與武義(yi)江會合(he)后流入婺(wu)(wu)江，主要河流水(shui)(shui)質(zhi)均達到三類及以(yi)上(shang)(shang)水(shui)(shui)質(zhi)。同時(shi)金東區域(yu)內有水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)67座，蓄水(shui)(shui)總庫(ku)容量(liang)達7871萬立(li)方米。灌溉(gai)用(yong)水(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)源清澈、水(shui)(shui)質(zhi)良(liang)好(hao)、水(shui)(shui)味甘甜，有利(li)于(yu)婺(wu)(wu)州(zhou)蜜梨(li)(li)品(pin)質(zhi)的提升。保護區基地(di)(di)大多建在(zai)(zai)義(yi)烏江和(he)武義(yi)江沿(yan)線形成(cheng)的沖(chong)積(ji)壤土(tu)(tu)上(shang)(shang)，土(tu)(tu)壤肥(fei)沃、土(tu)(tu)質(zhi)疏(shu)松(song)、全鉀含量(liang)高(gao)，土(tu)(tu)壤微(wei)酸性(xing)，PH值以(yi)5.5～6.5為(wei)主，特別適宜婺(wu)(wu)州(zhou)蜜梨(li)(li)生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)。

地域產地

婺州蜜(mi)梨保護區(qu)域范圍為：金華(hua)市金東區(qu)所轄多(duo)湖(hu)街道、江東鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、嶺(ling)下(xia)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、澧(li)浦鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、塘雅鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、孝(xiao)順鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、付村(cun)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、源(yuan)(yuan)東鄉(xiang)，共計8個鄉(xiang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)（街道），北至(zhi)(zhi)源(yuan)(yuan)東鄉(xiang)丁陽嶺(ling)村(cun)，東至(zhi)(zhi)孝(xiao)順鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)低田村(cun)，南至(zhi)(zhi)江東鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)焦(jiao)巖(yan)村(cun)，西至(zhi)(zhi)多(duo)湖(hu)街道王宅村(cun)等68個行(xing)政村(cun)。地理坐標(biao)為東經(jing)119°89′29″～119°56′29″,北緯29°00′07″～29°32′12″。

品質特點

翠(cui)冠梨(li)果(guo)形圓整、果(guo)點較小、松脆多(duo)汁(zhi)、味甜爽(shuang)口。翠(cui)玉(yu)梨(li)果(guo)皮(pi)光滑、色(se)澤(ze)均勻、果(guo)肉潔白、肉質(zhi)細嫩(nen)。翠(cui)冠梨(li) 硬度≥4.0kg/cm2，可(ke)(ke)溶性固形物≥10.5％，可(ke)(ke)滴(di)定酸≤0.2％。硬度≥4.0kg/cm2，可(ke)(ke)溶性固形物≥10.5％，可(ke)(ke)滴(di)定酸≤0.2％。符合國家農業行業標準規定的有關要(yao)求。

生產情況

園地(di)(di)(di)(di)選(xuan)擇(ze)選(xuan)擇(ze)光(guang)照條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)件好(hao)，山地(di)(di)(di)(di)坡(po)度(du)(du)(du)(du)25度(du)(du)(du)(du)以下(xia)(xia)，土(tu)(tu)層(ceng)深(shen)厚肥(fei)(fei)沃，土(tu)(tu)質(zhi)通(tong)透性好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)緩(huan)坡(po)，或(huo)(huo)交通(tong)便利(li)、排(pai)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)良(liang)好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)平(ping)地(di)(di)(di)(di)。翠冠(guan)、翠玉等(deng)(deng)優良(liang)品(pin)種，適(shi)合(he)本地(di)(di)(di)(di)栽(zai)培、抗(kang)病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)能(neng)力強(qiang)(qiang)、品(pin)質(zhi)好(hao)、豐產(chan)(chan)穩產(chan)(chan)。挑(tiao)選(xuan)品(pin)種純正、根(gen)(gen)系發(fa)(fa)達、粗(cu)壯(zhuang)、無(wu)病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)害(hai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)梨(li)(li)苗(miao)。11月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)旬(xun)到次(ci)年2月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)是種植(zhi)梨(li)(li)苗(miao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)(zui)佳時(shi)(shi)(shi)機。緩(huan)坡(po)地(di)(di)(di)(di)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)距(ju)4m～5m，株距(ju)2m～3m；平(ping)地(di)(di)(di)(di)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)距(ju)4m～5m，株距(ju)3m～4m。定(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)穴長(chang)(chang)(chang)寬深(shen)為80cm×80cm×60cm，砂土(tu)(tu)瘠薄(bo)地(di)(di)(di)(di)適(shi)當加大(da)。每(mei)穴施(shi)有(you)機肥(fei)(fei)（腐熟(shu)廄肥(fei)(fei)）50kg作基肥(fei)(fei)。定(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)穴上(shang)挖(wa)個(ge)小(xiao)(xiao)穴，把(ba)苗(miao)木(mu)放在(zai)穴內，理直根(gen)(gen)系，加肥(fei)(fei)沃細土(tu)(tu)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)手(shou)輕(qing)輕(qing)提苗(miao)、踏實(shi)、培土(tu)(tu)，做到淺種，苗(miao)木(mu)嫁接(jie)口露出土(tu)(tu)面。授(shou)粉品(pin)種與(yu)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)栽(zai)品(pin)種種植(zhi)比例為1：4，南北向分(fen)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)種植(zhi)，定(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)后(hou)澆透水(shui)(shui)(shui)，定(ding)(ding)(ding)干高度(du)(du)(du)(du)30cm～50cm。以培養三(san)大(da)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)開(kai)心(xin)(xin)形或(huo)(huo)多(duo)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)開(kai)心(xin)(xin)形為主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，即在(zai)新(xin)(xin)梢(shao)(shao)長(chang)(chang)(chang)50cm～60cm時(shi)(shi)(shi)選(xuan)定(ding)(ding)(ding)3個(ge)或(huo)(huo)多(duo)個(ge)方位(wei)(wei)合(he)理，分(fen)布均勻的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新(xin)(xin)梢(shao)(shao)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)摘(zhai)(zhai)心(xin)(xin)，其(qi)余疏(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)刪。修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪原則(ze)：大(da)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)少(shao)而(er)(er)精(jing)，小(xiao)(xiao)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)多(duo)而(er)(er)勻，去直留(liu)(liu)(liu)斜。修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪方法(fa)(fa)(fa)：大(da)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組要去強(qiang)(qiang)留(liu)(liu)(liu)弱，緩(huan)放結(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，徒長(chang)(chang)(chang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)過(guo)多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可(ke)從基部除去；中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)庸枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組要縮剪先(xian)(xian)端(duan)強(qiang)(qiang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，疏(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)刪后(hou)部細弱枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)；小(xiao)(xiao)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組要注(zhu)意更新(xin)(xin)復壯(zhuang)，多(duo)留(liu)(liu)(liu)更新(xin)(xin)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，抽生(sheng)(sheng)健(jian)壯(zhuang)新(xin)(xin)梢(shao)(shao)。休眠期(qi)(qi)(qi)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪（冬季(ji)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪）在(zai)11月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)落葉(xie)(xie)到翌(yi)年2月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)底前均可(ke)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)期(qi)(qi)(qi)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪（夏(xia)季(ji)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪）抹芽(ya)：抹除樹(shu)冠(guan)內容(rong)易(yi)形成(cheng)徒長(chang)(chang)(chang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)背上(shang)壯(zhuang)芽(ya)，剪口下(xia)(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)競爭(zheng)芽(ya)及(ji)延長(chang)(chang)(chang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)雙(shuang)(shuang)芽(ya)、三(san)芽(ya)。摘(zhai)(zhai)心(xin)(xin)：新(xin)(xin)梢(shao)(shao)長(chang)(chang)(chang)20cm～30cm時(shi)(shi)(shi)摘(zhai)(zhai)除枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)頂(ding)端(duan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)嫩(nen)梢(shao)(shao)，再(zai)次(ci)抽生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)旺(wang)(wang)梢(shao)(shao)需(xu)不(bu)(bu)斷摘(zhai)(zhai)心(xin)(xin)或(huo)(huo)扭(niu)梢(shao)(shao)。扭(niu)梢(shao)(shao)：5月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)～6月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)旬(xun)新(xin)(xin)梢(shao)(shao)長(chang)(chang)(chang)15cm～20cm半木(mu)質(zhi)化時(shi)(shi)(shi)，將直立(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)徒長(chang)(chang)(chang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)或(huo)(huo)旺(wang)(wang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)扭(niu)曲呈下(xia)(xia)垂生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)。拉枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)：5月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)～7月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)間(jian)(jian)對角(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)小(xiao)(xiao)、過(guo)于直立(li)、生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)旺(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)副主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)或(huo)(huo)大(da)型枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)拉枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、壓枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)或(huo)(huo)墜枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。結(jie)合(he)冬季(ji)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪疏(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)除部分(fen)花(hua)芽(ya)，在(zai)現蕾期(qi)(qi)(qi)先(xian)(xian)疏(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)去生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)弱的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)花(hua)序(xu)，根(gen)(gen)據(ju)(ju)需(xu)要每(mei)隔(ge)(ge)5cm～10cm留(liu)(liu)(liu)1個(ge)花(hua)序(xu)，其(qi)余一(yi)(yi)律疏(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)除。授(shou)粉條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)件好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)每(mei)個(ge)花(hua)序(xu)留(liu)(liu)(liu)一(yi)(yi)半左右(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)邊花(hua)蕾，疏(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)去中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)花(hua)蕾。疏(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)4月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)旬(xun)～5月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)上(shang)旬(xun)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。坐果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)率(lv)高年份早疏(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，否(fou)則(ze)晚疏(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)。根(gen)(gen)據(ju)(ju)樹(shu)齡、樹(shu)勢(shi)、土(tu)(tu)肥(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)件、管理水(shui)(shui)(shui)平(ping)來預估產(chan)(chan)量(liang)，一(yi)(yi)般每(mei)公(gong)頃產(chan)(chan)量(liang)控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)22500kg左右(you)，土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)件好(hao)、肥(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)充(chong)足、樹(shu)勢(shi)強(qiang)(qiang)健(jian)、管理水(shui)(shui)(shui)平(ping)高的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)多(duo)留(liu)(liu)(liu)，否(fou)則(ze)少(shao)留(liu)(liu)(liu)。套(tao)袋時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)：在(zai)4月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)下(xia)(xia)旬(xun)～5月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)旬(xun)。果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)袋種類(lei)：根(gen)(gen)據(ju)(ju)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)品(pin)種要求，選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)優質(zhi)雙(shuang)(shuang)層(ceng)紙袋、單層(ceng)紙袋和塑膜袋等(deng)(deng)。省力化栽(zai)培果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)園可(ke)以不(bu)(bu)套(tao)袋。結(jie)合(he)秋施(shi)基肥(fei)(fei)，進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)全(quan)(quan)園翻耕(geng)，一(yi)(yi)般靠(kao)近主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)干處(chu)淺，株間(jian)(jian)、行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)間(jian)(jian)深(shen)，耕(geng)作深(shen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)在(zai)20cm～40cm左右(you)，2月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)下(xia)(xia)旬(xun)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)耕(geng)，夏(xia)秋旱(han)季(ji)淺耕(geng)細作。行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)間(jian)(jian)套(tao)種豆類(lei)、綠(lv)肥(fei)(fei)等(deng)(deng)。成(cheng)年樹(shu)全(quan)(quan)園清耕(geng)法(fa)(fa)(fa)與(yu)生(sheng)(sheng)草法(fa)(fa)(fa)管理模式相結(jie)合(he)。9月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)～10月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)份施(shi)入，以商品(pin)有(you)機肥(fei)(fei)、磷肥(fei)(fei)為主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，施(shi)入挖(wa)好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)深(shen)30cm～40cm的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)放射溝(gou)或(huo)(huo)環狀溝(gou)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，施(shi)后(hou)覆土(tu)(tu)。壯(zhuang)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)肥(fei)(fei)4月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)下(xia)(xia)旬(xun)每(mei)公(gong)頃施(shi)復合(he)肥(fei)(fei)（N：P：K＝15：15：15）420kg，硫酸鉀(jia)110kg。一(yi)(yi)周(zhou)后(hou)再(zai)施(shi)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)。采(cai)(cai)(cai)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)肥(fei)(fei)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)后(hou)一(yi)(yi)周(zhou)內，每(mei)公(gong)頃施(shi)尿素(su)150kg。根(gen)(gen)外追肥(fei)(fei)結(jie)合(he)病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)防(fang)治(zhi)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)葉(xie)(xie)面噴(pen)施(shi)，特別在(zai)蕾期(qi)(qi)(qi)、幼果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)期(qi)(qi)(qi)、果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)膨(peng)大(da)期(qi)(qi)(qi)和采(cai)(cai)(cai)后(hou)恢復期(qi)(qi)(qi)每(mei)個(ge)生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)期(qi)(qi)(qi)噴(pen)2次(ci)～3次(ci)，肥(fei)(fei)料(liao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)有(you)機液肥(fei)(fei)、微量(liang)元素(su)，速效氮、磷、鉀(jia)等(deng)(deng)。灌(guan)(guan)(guan)溉(gai)時(shi)(shi)(shi)期(qi)(qi)(qi)：當梨(li)(li)樹(shu)發(fa)(fa)芽(ya)前后(hou)到花(hua)期(qi)(qi)(qi)連續(xu)無(wu)雨(yu)達15天(tian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)、4月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)～5月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)新(xin)(xin)梢(shao)(shao)生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)和幼果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)膨(peng)大(da)期(qi)(qi)(qi)連續(xu)無(wu)雨(yu)10天(tian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)、6月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)～7月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)迅速膨(peng)大(da)期(qi)(qi)(qi)連續(xu)無(wu)雨(yu)達7天(tian)～10天(tian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)即應及(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)。灌(guan)(guan)(guan)溉(gai)方法(fa)(fa)(fa)：有(you)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)件的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)盡可(ke)能(neng)采(cai)(cai)(cai)取噴(pen)滴灌(guan)(guan)(guan)，也可(ke)采(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)溝(gou)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)、澆灌(guan)(guan)(guan)等(deng)(deng)。排(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)：地(di)(di)(di)(di)勢(shi)低(di)洼、易(yi)積水(shui)(shui)(shui)或(huo)(huo)地(di)(di)(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)(wei)較高的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)梨(li)(li)園，還(huan)須(xu)建立(li)排(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)系統(tong)，確保降雨(yu)后(hou)30cm左右(you)深(shen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)排(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)溝(gou)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)無(wu)隔(ge)(ge)夜(ye)積水(shui)(shui)(shui),避(bi)免澇漬害(hai)。病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)害(hai)防(fang)治(zhi)原則(ze)按(an)照“預防(fang)為主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)、綜合(he)防(fang)治(zhi)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方針(zhen)，以農(nong)業(ye)防(fang)治(zhi)為基礎，增強(qiang)(qiang)樹(shu)體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)抗(kang)逆能(neng)力；根(gen)(gen)據(ju)(ju)病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)規律，因時(shi)(shi)(shi)、因地(di)(di)(di)(di)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宜合(he)理運(yun)(yun)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)化學防(fang)治(zhi)、生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)防(fang)治(zhi)、物(wu)(wu)理機械防(fang)治(zhi)等(deng)(deng)措(cuo)(cuo)施(shi)，經濟、安全(quan)(quan)、有(you)效地(di)(di)(di)(di)控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)害(hai)。防(fang)治(zhi)措(cuo)(cuo)施(shi)嚴(yan)格(ge)(ge)執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)國家(jia)規定(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)檢(jian)疫制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)，防(fang)止檢(jian)疫性病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)蔓延、傳播(bo)。農(nong)業(ye)防(fang)治(zhi)：合(he)理修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪及(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)清除病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)為害(hai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)枯枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、落葉(xie)(xie)，做好(hao)冬季(ji)清園工作，減(jian)(jian)少(shao)病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)源。生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)防(fang)治(zhi)：保護和利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)天(tian)敵，釋放寄生(sheng)(sheng)性捕食(shi)(shi)性天(tian)敵，發(fa)(fa)揮生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)防(fang)治(zhi)作用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。物(wu)(wu)理防(fang)治(zhi)：利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)害(hai)蟲(chong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)趨(qu)光(guang)性及(ji)對某些物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)趨(qu)性誘(you)(you)殺，在(zai)成(cheng)蟲(chong)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)期(qi)(qi)(qi)，田間(jian)(jian)掛(gua)誘(you)(you)蟲(chong)燈或(huo)(huo)性誘(you)(you)劑(ji)等(deng)(deng)誘(you)(you)殺。化學防(fang)治(zhi)：優先(xian)(xian)選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)源、礦物(wu)(wu)源農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)。注(zhu)意噴(pen)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)質(zhi)量(liang)，減(jian)(jian)少(shao)噴(pen)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)次(ci)數。嚴(yan)禁使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)劇(ju)毒、高毒、高殘(can)留(liu)(liu)(liu)或(huo)(huo)具(ju)有(you)“三(san)致”（致癌、致畸(ji)、致突變）的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)及(ji)各種遺傳工程微生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)劑(ji)。必須(xu)嚴(yan)格(ge)(ge)國家(jia)綠(lv)色食(shi)(shi)品(pin)A級(ji)標準(zhun)嚴(yan)格(ge)(ge)控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)量(liang)、使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)濃度(du)(du)(du)(du)、使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)次(ci)數及(ji)最(zui)(zui)后(hou)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)施(shi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)距(ju)采(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)間(jian)(jian)隔(ge)(ge)期(qi)(qi)(qi)。采(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)、分(fen)級(ji)、包(bao)(bao)裝、運(yun)(yun)輸(shu)、采(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)成(cheng)熟(shu)后(hou)適(shi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)組織人員分(fen)期(qi)(qi)(qi)分(fen)批采(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)。采(cai)(cai)(cai)后(hou)應盡快進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)分(fen)級(ji)，先(xian)(xian)剔除病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、畸(ji)形果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、小(xiao)(xiao)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)（未發(fa)(fa)育完全(quan)(quan)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)）、機械傷果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)和不(bu)(bu)符合(he)衛生(sheng)(sheng)指標的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)，按(an)大(da)小(xiao)(xiao)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)分(fen)級(ji)。包(bao)(bao)裝盒上(shang)準(zhun)確標明產(chan)(chan)品(pin)名稱、數量(liang)、產(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)、包(bao)(bao)裝日期(qi)(qi)(qi)、生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)單位(wei)(wei)、執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)標準(zhun)代號和儲(chu)運(yun)(yun)注(zhu)意事項(xiang)等(deng)(deng)內容(rong)。果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)品(pin)應大(da)小(xiao)(xiao)一(yi)(yi)致、排(pai)列整齊。貯(zhu)藏與(yu)運(yun)(yun)輸(shu)采(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)冷(leng)鏈貯(zhu)藏與(yu)運(yun)(yun)輸(shu)。