芒果视频下载

基本介紹

婺州(zhou)蜜(mi)梨(li)(li)(li)翠冠(guan)梨(li)(li)(li)果(guo)形圓整、果(guo)點較小、松脆多汁、味甜(tian)爽口。翠玉梨(li)(li)(li)果(guo)皮光滑、色(se)澤均(jun)勻、果(guo)肉(rou)潔白(bai)、肉(rou)質(zhi)細(xi)嫩(nen)。

金(jin)(jin)東(dong)區(qu)(qu)地(di)(di)勢(shi)南(nan)北高(gao)，中部低，以(yi)丘陵(ling)山(shan)地(di)(di)為(wei)主(zhu)。北部為(wei)金(jin)(jin)華山(shan)山(shan)脈(mo)，海(hai)拔在500米～900米之間(jian)(jian)，往(wang)南(nan)逐漸緩降(jiang)(jiang)為(wei)低崗淺丘。南(nan)部為(wei)仙霞嶺余脈(mo)所延伸(shen)，為(wei)低山(shan)淺丘與溪谷平(ping)原相間(jian)(jian)地(di)(di)形(xing)(xing)。婺(wu)州蜜(mi)梨(li)保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)多(duo)丘陵(ling)山(shan)地(di)(di)，受光(guang)面(mian)積大(da)，通(tong)風透光(guang)，土(tu)壤(rang)排水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)通(tong)氣(qi)(qi)良好。促使梨(li)樹生長(chang)健壯，花(hua)芽分(fen)(fen)化好，樹體(ti)壽命長(chang)。金(jin)(jin)東(dong)區(qu)(qu)屬亞熱(re)帶季(ji)(ji)風氣(qi)(qi)候，年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)17℃左右，1月平(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)4.8 ℃左右，7月平(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)29℃，形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)冬夏長(chang)、春(chun)秋短，四(si)季(ji)(ji)分(fen)(fen)明的(de)(de)特點(dian)。無霜(shuang)期250天(tian)左右。年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)降(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量在1300mm～1400mm之間(jian)(jian)。年(nian)(nian)內變化季(ji)(ji)節分(fen)(fen)配不均(jun)勻，3月～6月為(wei)多(duo)雨(yu)期，雨(yu)量占全年(nian)(nian)50%以(yi)上(shang)，其(qi)中5月～6月份梅雨(yu)季(ji)(ji)節，常出現大(da)面(mian)積降(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)；6月～8月以(yi)晴熱(re)天(tian)氣(qi)(qi)為(wei)主(zhu)，11月中、下(xia)旬平(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)下(xia)降(jiang)(jiang)至14℃，開始落葉(xie)進入(ru)休眠越冬。婺(wu)州蜜(mi)梨(li)喜(xi)光(guang)，年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)日照時數(shu)2028小時，為(wei)全省日照時數(shu)最(zui)多(duo)的(de)(de)地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)之一，隨著光(guang)照強(qiang)度增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)，光(guang)合(he)作用(yong)增(zeng)(zeng)強(qiang)，光(guang)合(he)產(chan)物也多(duo)，這一氣(qi)(qi)候條件(jian)有(you)利(li)(li)增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)婺(wu)州蜜(mi)梨(li)甜(tian)度，是砂(sha)梨(li)品系產(chan)區(qu)(qu)中成(cheng)熟較早的(de)(de)產(chan)區(qu)(qu)之一。成(cheng)熟期間(jian)(jian)晝夜(ye)溫(wen)差(cha)大(da)于(yu)160以(yi)上(shang)，有(you)利(li)(li)于(yu)養分(fen)(fen)的(de)(de)轉(zhuan)化和(he)(he)糖分(fen)(fen)的(de)(de)積累，提高(gao)蜜(mi)梨(li)可溶性固形(xing)(xing)物含量。婺(wu)州蜜(mi)梨(li)保(bao)護種植區(qu)(qu)域屬錢塘江上(shang)游水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系，義(yi)(yi)烏江與武義(yi)(yi)江會合(he)后(hou)流(liu)入(ru)婺(wu)江，主(zhu)要河流(liu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)均(jun)達到三(san)類及以(yi)上(shang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)。同(tong)時金(jin)(jin)東(dong)區(qu)(qu)域內有(you)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)67座，蓄水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)總庫(ku)容量達7871萬立方米。灌溉用(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源清澈、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)良好、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)味甘甜(tian)，有(you)利(li)(li)于(yu)婺(wu)州蜜(mi)梨(li)品質(zhi)的(de)(de)提升。保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)基地(di)(di)大(da)多(duo)建在義(yi)(yi)烏江和(he)(he)武義(yi)(yi)江沿(yan)線形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)的(de)(de)沖(chong)積壤(rang)土(tu)上(shang)，土(tu)壤(rang)肥沃、土(tu)質(zhi)疏松、全鉀含量高(gao)，土(tu)壤(rang)微酸性，PH值(zhi)以(yi)5.5～6.5為(wei)主(zhu)，特別適宜(yi)婺(wu)州蜜(mi)梨(li)生長(chang)。

地域產地

婺(wu)州(zhou)蜜梨保護區(qu)域范圍為：金華市金東(dong)區(qu)所轄多(duo)(duo)湖(hu)街(jie)(jie)道、江東(dong)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、嶺(ling)下鎮(zhen)(zhen)、澧浦(pu)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、塘雅鎮(zhen)(zhen)、孝順鎮(zhen)(zhen)、付(fu)村(cun)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、源東(dong)鄉(xiang)，共計8個(ge)(ge)鄉(xiang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)（街(jie)(jie)道），北至源東(dong)鄉(xiang)丁(ding)陽(yang)嶺(ling)村(cun)，東(dong)至孝順鎮(zhen)(zhen)低田村(cun)，南至江東(dong)鎮(zhen)(zhen)焦巖村(cun)，西至多(duo)(duo)湖(hu)街(jie)(jie)道王(wang)宅(zhai)村(cun)等68個(ge)(ge)行政(zheng)村(cun)。地理坐(zuo)標為東(dong)經119°89′29″～119°56′29″,北緯29°00′07″～29°32′12″。

品質特點

翠冠梨果(guo)形圓整、果(guo)點較(jiao)小、松(song)脆多(duo)汁、味甜爽(shuang)口。翠玉梨果(guo)皮光(guang)滑、色澤均勻、果(guo)肉(rou)(rou)潔(jie)白、肉(rou)(rou)質細嫩。翠冠梨 硬度≥4.0kg/cm2，可(ke)溶(rong)性固形物≥10.5％，可(ke)滴定(ding)(ding)酸≤0.2％。硬度≥4.0kg/cm2，可(ke)溶(rong)性固形物≥10.5％，可(ke)滴定(ding)(ding)酸≤0.2％。符合(he)國家農業行業標準規定(ding)(ding)的(de)有關要求。

生產情況

園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)選(xuan)擇(ze)選(xuan)擇(ze)光(guang)照條(tiao)件(jian)好(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)，山地(di)(di)(di)(di)坡度(du)25度(du)以下(xia)(xia)(xia)，土(tu)(tu)(tu)層(ceng)(ceng)深(shen)厚肥(fei)(fei)(fei)沃，土(tu)(tu)(tu)質(zhi)(zhi)通透性(xing)好(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)緩(huan)(huan)坡，或(huo)(huo)交通便利、排(pai)灌良好(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)平(ping)(ping)地(di)(di)(di)(di)。翠(cui)冠、翠(cui)玉等(deng)(deng)(deng)優(you)良品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)，適合(he)本地(di)(di)(di)(di)栽(zai)培、抗(kang)病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)能力強(qiang)、品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)好(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)、豐產(chan)穩產(chan)。挑選(xuan)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)純正、根(gen)(gen)(gen)系發達(da)、粗壯(zhuang)、無(wu)(wu)病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)梨(li)(li)苗。11月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)旬(xun)(xun)(xun)到次(ci)(ci)年(nian)2月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)是種(zhong)(zhong)植梨(li)(li)苗的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最佳時(shi)(shi)(shi)機(ji)。緩(huan)(huan)坡地(di)(di)(di)(di)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)距(ju)4m～5m，株(zhu)距(ju)2m～3m；平(ping)(ping)地(di)(di)(di)(di)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)距(ju)4m～5m，株(zhu)距(ju)3m～4m。定(ding)植穴(xue)(xue)(xue)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)寬深(shen)為(wei)(wei)80cm×80cm×60cm，砂(sha)土(tu)(tu)(tu)瘠薄地(di)(di)(di)(di)適當加(jia)大(da)(da)(da)。每(mei)(mei)(mei)穴(xue)(xue)(xue)施(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)機(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)（腐熟廄肥(fei)(fei)(fei)）50kg作(zuo)基(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)。定(ding)植穴(xue)(xue)(xue)上挖個(ge)小(xiao)(xiao)穴(xue)(xue)(xue)，把(ba)苗木放在(zai)(zai)穴(xue)(xue)(xue)內，理(li)(li)直根(gen)(gen)(gen)系，加(jia)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)沃細(xi)土(tu)(tu)(tu)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)手輕(qing)輕(qing)提苗、踏實(shi)、培土(tu)(tu)(tu)，做到淺種(zhong)(zhong)，苗木嫁接口露(lu)出土(tu)(tu)(tu)面(mian)。授粉品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)與主栽(zai)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)種(zhong)(zhong)植比例為(wei)(wei)1：4，南北向(xiang)分(fen)(fen)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)種(zhong)(zhong)植，定(ding)植后(hou)澆(jiao)透水(shui)(shui)(shui)，定(ding)干(gan)(gan)高(gao)度(du)30cm～50cm。以培養(yang)三大(da)(da)(da)主枝(zhi)(zhi)開心(xin)(xin)形(xing)(xing)或(huo)(huo)多(duo)(duo)主枝(zhi)(zhi)開心(xin)(xin)形(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)主，即在(zai)(zai)新(xin)(xin)(xin)梢(shao)(shao)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)50cm～60cm時(shi)(shi)(shi)選(xuan)定(ding)3個(ge)或(huo)(huo)多(duo)(duo)個(ge)方(fang)位合(he)理(li)(li)，分(fen)(fen)布均(jun)勻(yun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新(xin)(xin)(xin)梢(shao)(shao)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)摘(zhai)心(xin)(xin)，其(qi)余(yu)疏(shu)(shu)(shu)刪。修剪(jian)(jian)原(yuan)則：大(da)(da)(da)枝(zhi)(zhi)少而精，小(xiao)(xiao)枝(zhi)(zhi)多(duo)(duo)而勻(yun)，去直留(liu)(liu)斜(xie)。修剪(jian)(jian)方(fang)法：大(da)(da)(da)枝(zhi)(zhi)組(zu)要(yao)去強(qiang)留(liu)(liu)弱，緩(huan)(huan)放結(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)，徒長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)枝(zhi)(zhi)過多(duo)(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可(ke)從基(ji)部除(chu)去；中(zhong)(zhong)庸枝(zhi)(zhi)組(zu)要(yao)縮(suo)剪(jian)(jian)先(xian)端(duan)強(qiang)枝(zhi)(zhi)，疏(shu)(shu)(shu)刪后(hou)部細(xi)弱枝(zhi)(zhi)；小(xiao)(xiao)枝(zhi)(zhi)組(zu)要(yao)注(zhu)意(yi)更新(xin)(xin)(xin)復壯(zhuang)，多(duo)(duo)留(liu)(liu)更新(xin)(xin)(xin)枝(zhi)(zhi)，抽生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)健壯(zhuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)梢(shao)(shao)。休眠期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)修剪(jian)(jian)（冬季(ji)(ji)修剪(jian)(jian)）在(zai)(zai)11月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)落(luo)葉(xie)到翌(yi)年(nian)2月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)底前均(jun)可(ke)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)修剪(jian)(jian)（夏(xia)季(ji)(ji)修剪(jian)(jian)）抹(mo)芽(ya)(ya)：抹(mo)除(chu)樹(shu)冠內容易形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)徒長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)枝(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)背上壯(zhuang)芽(ya)(ya)，剪(jian)(jian)口下(xia)(xia)(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)競爭芽(ya)(ya)及延(yan)(yan)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)枝(zhi)(zhi)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)雙芽(ya)(ya)、三芽(ya)(ya)。摘(zhai)心(xin)(xin)：新(xin)(xin)(xin)梢(shao)(shao)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)20cm～30cm時(shi)(shi)(shi)摘(zhai)除(chu)枝(zhi)(zhi)條(tiao)頂(ding)端(duan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)嫩(nen)梢(shao)(shao)，再(zai)(zai)次(ci)(ci)抽生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)旺(wang)(wang)梢(shao)(shao)需不斷摘(zhai)心(xin)(xin)或(huo)(huo)扭梢(shao)(shao)。扭梢(shao)(shao)：5月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)～6月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)旬(xun)(xun)(xun)新(xin)(xin)(xin)梢(shao)(shao)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)15cm～20cm半(ban)木質(zhi)(zhi)化時(shi)(shi)(shi)，將直立的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)徒長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)枝(zhi)(zhi)或(huo)(huo)旺(wang)(wang)枝(zhi)(zhi)扭曲呈下(xia)(xia)(xia)垂生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)。拉(la)枝(zhi)(zhi)：5月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)～7月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)間對(dui)角度(du)小(xiao)(xiao)、過于直立、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)旺(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)副主枝(zhi)(zhi)或(huo)(huo)大(da)(da)(da)型枝(zhi)(zhi)組(zu)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)拉(la)枝(zhi)(zhi)、壓枝(zhi)(zhi)或(huo)(huo)墜枝(zhi)(zhi)。結(jie)合(he)冬季(ji)(ji)修剪(jian)(jian)疏(shu)(shu)(shu)除(chu)部分(fen)(fen)花(hua)(hua)芽(ya)(ya)，在(zai)(zai)現蕾(lei)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)先(xian)疏(shu)(shu)(shu)去生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)弱的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)花(hua)(hua)序，根(gen)(gen)(gen)據需要(yao)每(mei)(mei)(mei)隔(ge)5cm～10cm留(liu)(liu)1個(ge)花(hua)(hua)序，其(qi)余(yu)一(yi)(yi)律(lv)疏(shu)(shu)(shu)除(chu)。授粉條(tiao)件(jian)好(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)每(mei)(mei)(mei)個(ge)花(hua)(hua)序留(liu)(liu)一(yi)(yi)半(ban)左右(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)邊花(hua)(hua)蕾(lei)，疏(shu)(shu)(shu)去中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)花(hua)(hua)蕾(lei)。疏(shu)(shu)(shu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)4月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)旬(xun)(xun)(xun)～5月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)上旬(xun)(xun)(xun)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。坐果(guo)(guo)(guo)率高(gao)年(nian)份(fen)早(zao)疏(shu)(shu)(shu)，否則晚疏(shu)(shu)(shu)。根(gen)(gen)(gen)據樹(shu)齡、樹(shu)勢、土(tu)(tu)(tu)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)條(tiao)件(jian)、管(guan)理(li)(li)水(shui)(shui)(shui)平(ping)(ping)來預(yu)估產(chan)量(liang)，一(yi)(yi)般每(mei)(mei)(mei)公頃產(chan)量(liang)控制(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)(zai)22500kg左右(you)，土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)條(tiao)件(jian)好(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)、肥(fei)(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)充足(zu)、樹(shu)勢強(qiang)健、管(guan)理(li)(li)水(shui)(shui)(shui)平(ping)(ping)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)多(duo)(duo)留(liu)(liu)，否則少留(liu)(liu)。套袋時(shi)(shi)(shi)間：在(zai)(zai)4月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)下(xia)(xia)(xia)旬(xun)(xun)(xun)～5月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)旬(xun)(xun)(xun)。果(guo)(guo)(guo)袋種(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)：根(gen)(gen)(gen)據不同(tong)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)求，選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)優(you)質(zhi)(zhi)雙層(ceng)(ceng)紙袋、單層(ceng)(ceng)紙袋和(he)塑膜袋等(deng)(deng)(deng)。省(sheng)力化栽(zai)培果(guo)(guo)(guo)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)可(ke)以不套袋。結(jie)合(he)秋施(shi)(shi)(shi)基(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)，進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)全(quan)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)翻(fan)耕(geng)(geng)(geng)，一(yi)(yi)般靠近主干(gan)(gan)處淺，株(zhu)間、行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)間深(shen)，耕(geng)(geng)(geng)作(zuo)深(shen)度(du)在(zai)(zai)20cm～40cm左右(you)，2月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)下(xia)(xia)(xia)旬(xun)(xun)(xun)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)中(zhong)(zhong)耕(geng)(geng)(geng)，夏(xia)秋旱季(ji)(ji)淺耕(geng)(geng)(geng)細(xi)作(zuo)。行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)間套種(zhong)(zhong)豆類(lei)、綠(lv)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)等(deng)(deng)(deng)。成(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)樹(shu)全(quan)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)清耕(geng)(geng)(geng)法與生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)草法管(guan)理(li)(li)模式相結(jie)合(he)。9月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)～10月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)份(fen)施(shi)(shi)(shi)入(ru)(ru)，以商品(pin)有(you)機(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)、磷肥(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)(wei)主，施(shi)(shi)(shi)入(ru)(ru)挖好(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)深(shen)30cm～40cm的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)放射溝(gou)或(huo)(huo)環狀溝(gou)中(zhong)(zhong)，施(shi)(shi)(shi)后(hou)覆土(tu)(tu)(tu)。壯(zhuang)果(guo)(guo)(guo)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)4月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)下(xia)(xia)(xia)旬(xun)(xun)(xun)每(mei)(mei)(mei)公頃施(shi)(shi)(shi)復合(he)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)（N：P：K＝15：15：15）420kg，硫酸鉀110kg。一(yi)(yi)周后(hou)再(zai)(zai)施(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)。采(cai)(cai)果(guo)(guo)(guo)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)果(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)采(cai)(cai)收后(hou)一(yi)(yi)周內，每(mei)(mei)(mei)公頃施(shi)(shi)(shi)尿(niao)素(su)150kg。根(gen)(gen)(gen)外(wai)追肥(fei)(fei)(fei)結(jie)合(he)病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)葉(xie)面(mian)噴(pen)施(shi)(shi)(shi)，特別在(zai)(zai)蕾(lei)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、幼果(guo)(guo)(guo)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、果(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)膨(peng)(peng)大(da)(da)(da)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)和(he)采(cai)(cai)后(hou)恢(hui)復期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)每(mei)(mei)(mei)個(ge)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)噴(pen)2次(ci)(ci)～3次(ci)(ci)，肥(fei)(fei)(fei)料用(yong)(yong)(yong)有(you)機(ji)液肥(fei)(fei)(fei)、微(wei)量(liang)元(yuan)素(su)，速效(xiao)氮、磷、鉀等(deng)(deng)(deng)。灌溉時(shi)(shi)(shi)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)：當梨(li)(li)樹(shu)發芽(ya)(ya)前后(hou)到花(hua)(hua)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)連續無(wu)(wu)雨(yu)達(da)15天(tian)(tian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)、4月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)～5月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)新(xin)(xin)(xin)梢(shao)(shao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)和(he)幼果(guo)(guo)(guo)膨(peng)(peng)大(da)(da)(da)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)連續無(wu)(wu)雨(yu)10天(tian)(tian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)、6月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)～7月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)果(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)迅速膨(peng)(peng)大(da)(da)(da)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)連續無(wu)(wu)雨(yu)達(da)7天(tian)(tian)～10天(tian)(tian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)即應及時(shi)(shi)(shi)灌水(shui)(shui)(shui)。灌溉方(fang)法：有(you)條(tiao)件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)盡可(ke)能采(cai)(cai)取噴(pen)滴(di)灌，也可(ke)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)溝(gou)灌、澆(jiao)灌等(deng)(deng)(deng)。排(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)：地(di)(di)(di)(di)勢低(di)洼、易積水(shui)(shui)(shui)或(huo)(huo)地(di)(di)(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)位較高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)梨(li)(li)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，還須建立排(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)系統，確(que)保(bao)降雨(yu)后(hou)30cm左右(you)深(shen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)排(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)溝(gou)中(zhong)(zhong)無(wu)(wu)隔(ge)夜積水(shui)(shui)(shui),避免澇漬害(hai)(hai)。病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)原(yuan)則按(an)照“預(yu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)為(wei)(wei)主、綜(zong)合(he)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)針，以農業防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)為(wei)(wei)基(ji)礎，增強(qiang)樹(shu)體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)抗(kang)逆能力；根(gen)(gen)(gen)據病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)發生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)規律(lv)，因時(shi)(shi)(shi)、因地(di)(di)(di)(di)制(zhi)(zhi)宜合(he)理(li)(li)運(yun)用(yong)(yong)(yong)化學防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)、物(wu)(wu)理(li)(li)機(ji)械防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)等(deng)(deng)(deng)措施(shi)(shi)(shi)，經濟、安全(quan)、有(you)效(xiao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)控制(zhi)(zhi)病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)。防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)措施(shi)(shi)(shi)嚴(yan)(yan)格(ge)執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)國(guo)家規定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)植物(wu)(wu)檢(jian)疫(yi)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)，防(fang)(fang)(fang)止檢(jian)疫(yi)性(xing)病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)蔓延(yan)(yan)、傳(chuan)播。農業防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)：合(he)理(li)(li)修剪(jian)(jian)及時(shi)(shi)(shi)清除(chu)病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)為(wei)(wei)害(hai)(hai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)枯枝(zhi)(zhi)、落(luo)葉(xie)，做好(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)冬季(ji)(ji)清園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工作(zuo)，減少病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)源(yuan)。生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)：保(bao)護和(he)利用(yong)(yong)(yong)天(tian)(tian)敵，釋放寄生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)性(xing)捕食(shi)性(xing)天(tian)(tian)敵，發揮生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。物(wu)(wu)理(li)(li)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)：利用(yong)(yong)(yong)害(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)趨光(guang)性(xing)及對(dui)某些物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)趨性(xing)誘殺，在(zai)(zai)成(cheng)(cheng)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)發生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，田(tian)間掛誘蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)燈或(huo)(huo)性(xing)誘劑(ji)等(deng)(deng)(deng)誘殺。化學防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)：優(you)先(xian)選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)源(yuan)、礦物(wu)(wu)源(yuan)農藥。注(zhu)意(yi)噴(pen)藥質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)，減少噴(pen)藥次(ci)(ci)數(shu)(shu)。嚴(yan)(yan)禁使用(yong)(yong)(yong)劇毒、高(gao)毒、高(gao)殘留(liu)(liu)或(huo)(huo)具有(you)“三致(zhi)”（致(zhi)癌(ai)、致(zhi)畸(ji)、致(zhi)突變）的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農藥及各(ge)種(zhong)(zhong)遺傳(chuan)工程微(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)制(zhi)(zhi)劑(ji)。必須嚴(yan)(yan)格(ge)國(guo)家綠(lv)色食(shi)品(pin)A級標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)嚴(yan)(yan)格(ge)控制(zhi)(zhi)農藥用(yong)(yong)(yong)量(liang)、使用(yong)(yong)(yong)濃度(du)、使用(yong)(yong)(yong)次(ci)(ci)數(shu)(shu)及最后(hou)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)施(shi)(shi)(shi)藥距(ju)采(cai)(cai)收的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)間隔(ge)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。采(cai)(cai)收、分(fen)(fen)級、包裝(zhuang)、運(yun)輸、采(cai)(cai)收果(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)成(cheng)(cheng)熟后(hou)適時(shi)(shi)(shi)組(zu)織人員分(fen)(fen)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)分(fen)(fen)批采(cai)(cai)收。采(cai)(cai)后(hou)應盡快進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)分(fen)(fen)級，先(xian)剔除(chu)病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)果(guo)(guo)(guo)、畸(ji)形(xing)(xing)果(guo)(guo)(guo)、小(xiao)(xiao)果(guo)(guo)(guo)（未發育完全(quan)果(guo)(guo)(guo)）、機(ji)械傷果(guo)(guo)(guo)和(he)不符合(he)衛生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)指標(biao)(biao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)果(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)，按(an)大(da)(da)(da)小(xiao)(xiao)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)分(fen)(fen)級。包裝(zhuang)盒上準(zhun)確(que)標(biao)(biao)明產(chan)品(pin)名稱、數(shu)(shu)量(liang)、產(chan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)、包裝(zhuang)日期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)單位、執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)代號和(he)儲運(yun)注(zhu)意(yi)事項等(deng)(deng)(deng)內容。果(guo)(guo)(guo)品(pin)應大(da)(da)(da)小(xiao)(xiao)一(yi)(yi)致(zhi)、排(pai)列(lie)整齊。貯藏(zang)(zang)與運(yun)輸采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)冷鏈貯藏(zang)(zang)與運(yun)輸。