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基本介紹

婺州蜜(mi)梨翠(cui)冠梨果形圓整、果點較小、松脆多(duo)汁、味甜爽口(kou)。翠(cui)玉(yu)梨果皮(pi)光滑、色(se)澤均勻、果肉潔白、肉質細(xi)嫩。

金(jin)東(dong)(dong)區(qu)(qu)(qu)地(di)勢南(nan)北高(gao)，中(zhong)部(bu)低，以(yi)(yi)丘陵(ling)山地(di)為(wei)(wei)主。北部(bu)為(wei)(wei)金(jin)華(hua)山山脈，海拔在500米～900米之(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)，往(wang)南(nan)逐(zhu)漸緩(huan)降為(wei)(wei)低崗淺丘。南(nan)部(bu)為(wei)(wei)仙霞嶺余脈所延伸，為(wei)(wei)低山淺丘與溪谷(gu)平(ping)原相間(jian)地(di)形(xing)。婺(wu)(wu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)蜜(mi)梨(li)(li)(li)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)多(duo)(duo)(duo)丘陵(ling)山地(di)，受(shou)光(guang)(guang)面(mian)積(ji)大(da)，通(tong)(tong)風透光(guang)(guang)，土(tu)壤(rang)排水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)通(tong)(tong)氣良好(hao)(hao)。促使梨(li)(li)(li)樹生(sheng)長健(jian)壯，花(hua)芽分(fen)化(hua)好(hao)(hao)，樹體壽命長。金(jin)東(dong)(dong)區(qu)(qu)(qu)屬亞熱帶季(ji)風氣候，年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)氣溫(wen)17℃左(zuo)右(you)(you)，1月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)平(ping)均(jun)氣溫(wen)4.8 ℃左(zuo)右(you)(you)，7月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)平(ping)均(jun)氣溫(wen)29℃，形(xing)成(cheng)冬夏長、春秋短(duan)，四(si)季(ji)分(fen)明(ming)的(de)(de)(de)特點。無(wu)霜(shuang)期250天左(zuo)右(you)(you)。年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)降水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)在1300mm～1400mm之(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)。年(nian)(nian)內變化(hua)季(ji)節(jie)分(fen)配不均(jun)勻，3月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)～6月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)為(wei)(wei)多(duo)(duo)(duo)雨期，雨量(liang)(liang)占(zhan)全年(nian)(nian)50%以(yi)(yi)上(shang)，其中(zhong)5月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)～6月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)份梅雨季(ji)節(jie)，常出(chu)現大(da)面(mian)積(ji)降水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)；6月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)～8月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)以(yi)(yi)晴(qing)熱天氣為(wei)(wei)主，11月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)中(zhong)、下旬(xun)平(ping)均(jun)氣溫(wen)下降至14℃，開始落葉進入休眠越冬。婺(wu)(wu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)蜜(mi)梨(li)(li)(li)喜(xi)光(guang)(guang)，年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)日照(zhao)時(shi)(shi)數(shu)2028小時(shi)(shi)，為(wei)(wei)全省日照(zhao)時(shi)(shi)數(shu)最多(duo)(duo)(duo)的(de)(de)(de)地(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)之(zhi)(zhi)一，隨著(zhu)光(guang)(guang)照(zhao)強度增加(jia)，光(guang)(guang)合作(zuo)用增強，光(guang)(guang)合產物也多(duo)(duo)(duo)，這(zhe)一氣候條件有(you)(you)利(li)增加(jia)婺(wu)(wu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)蜜(mi)梨(li)(li)(li)甜度，是砂梨(li)(li)(li)品系產區(qu)(qu)(qu)中(zhong)成(cheng)熟較早的(de)(de)(de)產區(qu)(qu)(qu)之(zhi)(zhi)一。成(cheng)熟期間(jian)晝夜溫(wen)差大(da)于160以(yi)(yi)上(shang)，有(you)(you)利(li)于養分(fen)的(de)(de)(de)轉化(hua)和糖分(fen)的(de)(de)(de)積(ji)累(lei)，提(ti)高(gao)蜜(mi)梨(li)(li)(li)可溶(rong)性固形(xing)物含(han)量(liang)(liang)。婺(wu)(wu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)蜜(mi)梨(li)(li)(li)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)種植區(qu)(qu)(qu)域屬錢塘(tang)江(jiang)上(shang)游(you)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系，義烏江(jiang)與武義江(jiang)會合后流(liu)入婺(wu)(wu)江(jiang)，主要河流(liu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)均(jun)達(da)到三類及以(yi)(yi)上(shang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)。同時(shi)(shi)金(jin)東(dong)(dong)區(qu)(qu)(qu)域內有(you)(you)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)67座，蓄水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)總庫(ku)(ku)容量(liang)(liang)達(da)7871萬立方(fang)米。灌溉(gai)用水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)清(qing)澈、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)良好(hao)(hao)、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)味(wei)甘甜，有(you)(you)利(li)于婺(wu)(wu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)蜜(mi)梨(li)(li)(li)品質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)提(ti)升。保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)基地(di)大(da)多(duo)(duo)(duo)建在義烏江(jiang)和武義江(jiang)沿線(xian)形(xing)成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)沖積(ji)壤(rang)土(tu)上(shang)，土(tu)壤(rang)肥沃(wo)、土(tu)質(zhi)疏松、全鉀含(han)量(liang)(liang)高(gao)，土(tu)壤(rang)微酸(suan)性，PH值以(yi)(yi)5.5～6.5為(wei)(wei)主，特別(bie)適宜婺(wu)(wu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)蜜(mi)梨(li)(li)(li)生(sheng)長。

地域產地

婺州蜜梨保護區(qu)域范(fan)圍為(wei)(wei)：金(jin)華市(shi)金(jin)東(dong)區(qu)所(suo)轄多(duo)湖街(jie)(jie)道、江東(dong)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、嶺下(xia)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、澧浦鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、塘雅鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、孝順鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、付村(cun)(cun)(cun)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、源(yuan)東(dong)鄉(xiang)，共計(ji)8個鄉(xiang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)（街(jie)(jie)道），北至(zhi)源(yuan)東(dong)鄉(xiang)丁(ding)陽嶺村(cun)(cun)(cun)，東(dong)至(zhi)孝順鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)低田村(cun)(cun)(cun)，南(nan)至(zhi)江東(dong)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)焦(jiao)巖村(cun)(cun)(cun)，西至(zhi)多(duo)湖街(jie)(jie)道王宅(zhai)村(cun)(cun)(cun)等68個行政村(cun)(cun)(cun)。地理坐標為(wei)(wei)東(dong)經119°89′29″～119°56′29″,北緯29°00′07″～29°32′12″。

品質特點

翠冠梨果(guo)形(xing)圓整、果(guo)點較小、松脆多汁(zhi)、味甜(tian)爽(shuang)口(kou)。翠玉梨果(guo)皮光(guang)滑、色澤均勻(yun)、果(guo)肉潔白、肉質細嫩。翠冠梨 硬度≥4.0kg/cm2，可(ke)溶性(xing)固形(xing)物≥10.5％，可(ke)滴定(ding)(ding)酸(suan)≤0.2％。硬度≥4.0kg/cm2，可(ke)溶性(xing)固形(xing)物≥10.5％，可(ke)滴定(ding)(ding)酸(suan)≤0.2％。符合國家農業行業標準規(gui)定(ding)(ding)的有關要求。

生產情況

園(yuan)(yuan)地(di)選(xuan)擇選(xuan)擇光照條(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)好(hao)，山地(di)坡(po)(po)度25度以(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)，土(tu)(tu)(tu)層(ceng)深厚(hou)肥(fei)(fei)沃(wo)，土(tu)(tu)(tu)質通透性(xing)好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)緩(huan)坡(po)(po)，或(huo)交(jiao)通便利、排灌良好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)平地(di)。翠冠、翠玉(yu)等(deng)(deng)優(you)(you)良品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)，適合(he)(he)(he)(he)本地(di)栽(zai)培、抗病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)能力強(qiang)(qiang)、品(pin)(pin)質好(hao)、豐產(chan)(chan)穩產(chan)(chan)。挑(tiao)選(xuan)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)純(chun)正、根系發(fa)達(da)、粗壯(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)、無(wu)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)害的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)梨(li)苗(miao)。11月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)旬(xun)到(dao)(dao)次(ci)年(nian)2月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)是種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)梨(li)苗(miao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最佳時機(ji)(ji)。緩(huan)坡(po)(po)地(di)行(xing)(xing)距4m～5m，株距2m～3m；平地(di)行(xing)(xing)距4m～5m，株距3m～4m。定植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)穴長(chang)(chang)(chang)寬深為(wei)80cm×80cm×60cm，砂土(tu)(tu)(tu)瘠薄(bo)地(di)適當(dang)加大。每穴施(shi)(shi)(shi)有機(ji)(ji)肥(fei)(fei)（腐(fu)熟廄肥(fei)(fei)）50kg作(zuo)(zuo)基肥(fei)(fei)。定植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)穴上(shang)挖個(ge)(ge)小(xiao)穴，把苗(miao)木放(fang)在(zai)(zai)穴內(nei)，理(li)(li)直(zhi)(zhi)根系，加肥(fei)(fei)沃(wo)細土(tu)(tu)(tu)，用(yong)(yong)手(shou)輕輕提苗(miao)、踏實(shi)、培土(tu)(tu)(tu)，做(zuo)到(dao)(dao)淺(qian)種(zhong)，苗(miao)木嫁(jia)接口露(lu)出土(tu)(tu)(tu)面(mian)。授(shou)粉品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)與(yu)主栽(zai)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)比例為(wei)1：4，南北向分(fen)(fen)(fen)行(xing)(xing)種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，定植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)澆透水(shui)，定干(gan)高度30cm～50cm。以(yi)(yi)培養(yang)三(san)大主枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)開心(xin)形或(huo)多(duo)主枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)開心(xin)形為(wei)主，即(ji)在(zai)(zai)新梢(shao)長(chang)(chang)(chang)50cm～60cm時選(xuan)定3個(ge)(ge)或(huo)多(duo)個(ge)(ge)方位(wei)合(he)(he)(he)(he)理(li)(li)，分(fen)(fen)(fen)布均(jun)勻的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新梢(shao)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)摘(zhai)(zhai)心(xin)，其余疏(shu)(shu)刪。修(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)原則：大枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)少(shao)而(er)精，小(xiao)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)多(duo)而(er)勻，去直(zhi)(zhi)留(liu)(liu)斜。修(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)方法：大枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組要(yao)去強(qiang)(qiang)留(liu)(liu)弱(ruo)(ruo)，緩(huan)放(fang)結(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，徒長(chang)(chang)(chang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)過多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可(ke)從基部除去；中(zhong)(zhong)庸枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組要(yao)縮(suo)剪(jian)(jian)先端(duan)強(qiang)(qiang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，疏(shu)(shu)刪后(hou)(hou)部細弱(ruo)(ruo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)；小(xiao)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組要(yao)注意更新復壯(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)，多(duo)留(liu)(liu)更新枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，抽生(sheng)(sheng)健壯(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)新梢(shao)。休眠期(qi)(qi)(qi)修(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)（冬季(ji)修(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)）在(zai)(zai)11月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)落葉(xie)到(dao)(dao)翌年(nian)2月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)底前(qian)均(jun)可(ke)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)。生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)期(qi)(qi)(qi)修(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)（夏季(ji)修(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)）抹芽(ya)(ya)(ya)：抹除樹(shu)冠內(nei)容(rong)(rong)易形成(cheng)徒長(chang)(chang)(chang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)背上(shang)壯(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)，剪(jian)(jian)口下(xia)(xia)(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)競爭芽(ya)(ya)(ya)及(ji)延長(chang)(chang)(chang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)雙芽(ya)(ya)(ya)、三(san)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)。摘(zhai)(zhai)心(xin)：新梢(shao)長(chang)(chang)(chang)20cm～30cm時摘(zhai)(zhai)除枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)條(tiao)(tiao)頂端(duan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)嫩梢(shao)，再次(ci)抽生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)旺(wang)梢(shao)需(xu)不(bu)斷(duan)摘(zhai)(zhai)心(xin)或(huo)扭梢(shao)。扭梢(shao)：5月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)～6月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)旬(xun)新梢(shao)長(chang)(chang)(chang)15cm～20cm半木質化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)時，將直(zhi)(zhi)立的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)徒長(chang)(chang)(chang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)或(huo)旺(wang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)扭曲呈下(xia)(xia)(xia)垂(chui)生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)。拉枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)：5月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)～7月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)間(jian)對角度小(xiao)、過于直(zhi)(zhi)立、生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)旺(wang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)副主枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)或(huo)大型枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)拉枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、壓(ya)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)或(huo)墜枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。結(jie)(jie)(jie)合(he)(he)(he)(he)冬季(ji)修(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)疏(shu)(shu)除部分(fen)(fen)(fen)花(hua)(hua)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)，在(zai)(zai)現蕾(lei)期(qi)(qi)(qi)先疏(shu)(shu)去生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)弱(ruo)(ruo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)花(hua)(hua)序，根據需(xu)要(yao)每隔(ge)5cm～10cm留(liu)(liu)1個(ge)(ge)花(hua)(hua)序，其余一(yi)律疏(shu)(shu)除。授(shou)粉條(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)每個(ge)(ge)花(hua)(hua)序留(liu)(liu)一(yi)半左右(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)邊花(hua)(hua)蕾(lei)，疏(shu)(shu)去中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)花(hua)(hua)蕾(lei)。疏(shu)(shu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)4月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)旬(xun)～5月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)上(shang)旬(xun)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)。坐果(guo)(guo)(guo)率高年(nian)份早疏(shu)(shu)，否(fou)(fou)則晚疏(shu)(shu)。根據樹(shu)齡、樹(shu)勢、土(tu)(tu)(tu)肥(fei)(fei)水(shui)條(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)、管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)水(shui)平來預(yu)(yu)估產(chan)(chan)量，一(yi)般(ban)每公頃(qing)產(chan)(chan)量控制在(zai)(zai)22500kg左右(you)(you)，土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤條(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)好(hao)、肥(fei)(fei)水(shui)充足、樹(shu)勢強(qiang)(qiang)健、管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)水(shui)平高的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)多(duo)留(liu)(liu)，否(fou)(fou)則少(shao)留(liu)(liu)。套(tao)(tao)袋(dai)時間(jian)：在(zai)(zai)4月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)下(xia)(xia)(xia)旬(xun)～5月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)旬(xun)。果(guo)(guo)(guo)袋(dai)種(zhong)類：根據不(bu)同品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)要(yao)求，選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)優(you)(you)質雙層(ceng)紙(zhi)(zhi)袋(dai)、單(dan)層(ceng)紙(zhi)(zhi)袋(dai)和塑膜(mo)袋(dai)等(deng)(deng)。省力化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)栽(zai)培果(guo)(guo)(guo)園(yuan)(yuan)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)不(bu)套(tao)(tao)袋(dai)。結(jie)(jie)(jie)合(he)(he)(he)(he)秋施(shi)(shi)(shi)基肥(fei)(fei)，進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)全園(yuan)(yuan)翻(fan)耕，一(yi)般(ban)靠(kao)近主干(gan)處淺(qian)，株間(jian)、行(xing)(xing)間(jian)深，耕作(zuo)(zuo)深度在(zai)(zai)20cm～40cm左右(you)(you)，2月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)下(xia)(xia)(xia)旬(xun)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)中(zhong)(zhong)耕，夏秋旱季(ji)淺(qian)耕細作(zuo)(zuo)。行(xing)(xing)間(jian)套(tao)(tao)種(zhong)豆類、綠肥(fei)(fei)等(deng)(deng)。成(cheng)年(nian)樹(shu)全園(yuan)(yuan)清(qing)耕法與(yu)生(sheng)(sheng)草(cao)法管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)模式相結(jie)(jie)(jie)合(he)(he)(he)(he)。9月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)～10月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)份施(shi)(shi)(shi)入，以(yi)(yi)商品(pin)(pin)有機(ji)(ji)肥(fei)(fei)、磷(lin)肥(fei)(fei)為(wei)主，施(shi)(shi)(shi)入挖好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)深30cm～40cm的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)放(fang)射溝或(huo)環狀溝中(zhong)(zhong)，施(shi)(shi)(shi)后(hou)(hou)覆土(tu)(tu)(tu)。壯(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)果(guo)(guo)(guo)肥(fei)(fei)4月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)下(xia)(xia)(xia)旬(xun)每公頃(qing)施(shi)(shi)(shi)復合(he)(he)(he)(he)肥(fei)(fei)（N：P：K＝15：15：15）420kg，硫(liu)酸鉀110kg。一(yi)周(zhou)(zhou)后(hou)(hou)再施(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)次(ci)。采(cai)(cai)果(guo)(guo)(guo)肥(fei)(fei)果(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)采(cai)(cai)收(shou)后(hou)(hou)一(yi)周(zhou)(zhou)內(nei)，每公頃(qing)施(shi)(shi)(shi)尿素(su)150kg。根外追(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)結(jie)(jie)(jie)合(he)(he)(he)(he)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)葉(xie)面(mian)噴(pen)(pen)施(shi)(shi)(shi)，特(te)別在(zai)(zai)蕾(lei)期(qi)(qi)(qi)、幼果(guo)(guo)(guo)期(qi)(qi)(qi)、果(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)膨(peng)(peng)大期(qi)(qi)(qi)和采(cai)(cai)后(hou)(hou)恢復期(qi)(qi)(qi)每個(ge)(ge)生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)期(qi)(qi)(qi)噴(pen)(pen)2次(ci)～3次(ci)，肥(fei)(fei)料(liao)用(yong)(yong)有機(ji)(ji)液肥(fei)(fei)、微量元素(su)，速(su)效(xiao)氮、磷(lin)、鉀等(deng)(deng)。灌溉(gai)時期(qi)(qi)(qi)：當(dang)梨(li)樹(shu)發(fa)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)前(qian)后(hou)(hou)到(dao)(dao)花(hua)(hua)期(qi)(qi)(qi)連續(xu)無(wu)雨(yu)達(da)15天時、4月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)～5月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)新梢(shao)生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)和幼果(guo)(guo)(guo)膨(peng)(peng)大期(qi)(qi)(qi)連續(xu)無(wu)雨(yu)10天時、6月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)～7月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)果(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)迅速(su)膨(peng)(peng)大期(qi)(qi)(qi)連續(xu)無(wu)雨(yu)達(da)7天～10天時即(ji)應及(ji)時灌水(shui)。灌溉(gai)方法：有條(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)盡(jin)(jin)可(ke)能采(cai)(cai)取噴(pen)(pen)滴灌，也可(ke)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)溝灌、澆灌等(deng)(deng)。排水(shui)：地(di)勢低洼(wa)、易積(ji)水(shui)或(huo)地(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)水(shui)位(wei)較高的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)梨(li)園(yuan)(yuan)，還須建立排水(shui)系統，確保(bao)降雨(yu)后(hou)(hou)30cm左右(you)(you)深的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)排水(shui)溝中(zhong)(zhong)無(wu)隔(ge)夜積(ji)水(shui),避免澇漬害。病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)害防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)原則按照“預(yu)(yu)防(fang)為(wei)主、綜合(he)(he)(he)(he)防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方針，以(yi)(yi)農業防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)基礎，增強(qiang)(qiang)樹(shu)體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)抗逆能力；根據病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)規律，因(yin)時、因(yin)地(di)制宜合(he)(he)(he)(he)理(li)(li)運(yun)用(yong)(yong)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)學防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)、生(sheng)(sheng)物防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)、物理(li)(li)機(ji)(ji)械防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)等(deng)(deng)措施(shi)(shi)(shi)，經(jing)濟、安(an)全、有效(xiao)地(di)控制病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)害。防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)措施(shi)(shi)(shi)嚴格執(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)國(guo)家規定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物檢疫制度，防(fang)止檢疫性(xing)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)蔓延、傳播。農業防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)：合(he)(he)(he)(he)理(li)(li)修(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)及(ji)時清(qing)除病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)為(wei)害的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)枯枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、落葉(xie)，做(zuo)好(hao)冬季(ji)清(qing)園(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)，減少(shao)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)源(yuan)(yuan)。生(sheng)(sheng)物防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)：保(bao)護和利用(yong)(yong)天敵(di)，釋(shi)放(fang)寄生(sheng)(sheng)性(xing)捕食(shi)性(xing)天敵(di)，發(fa)揮(hui)生(sheng)(sheng)物防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)。物理(li)(li)防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)：利用(yong)(yong)害蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)趨光性(xing)及(ji)對某些物質的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)趨性(xing)誘殺(sha)，在(zai)(zai)成(cheng)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)期(qi)(qi)(qi)，田間(jian)掛誘蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)燈或(huo)性(xing)誘劑(ji)等(deng)(deng)誘殺(sha)。化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)學防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)：優(you)(you)先選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)生(sheng)(sheng)物源(yuan)(yuan)、礦物源(yuan)(yuan)農藥(yao)。注意噴(pen)(pen)藥(yao)質量，減少(shao)噴(pen)(pen)藥(yao)次(ci)數(shu)。嚴禁使(shi)用(yong)(yong)劇毒(du)、高毒(du)、高殘留(liu)(liu)或(huo)具(ju)有“三(san)致”（致癌、致畸(ji)、致突變）的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農藥(yao)及(ji)各種(zhong)遺(yi)傳工(gong)程微生(sheng)(sheng)物制劑(ji)。必須嚴格國(guo)家綠色食(shi)品(pin)(pin)A級標(biao)準(zhun)嚴格控制農藥(yao)用(yong)(yong)量、使(shi)用(yong)(yong)濃(nong)度、使(shi)用(yong)(yong)次(ci)數(shu)及(ji)最后(hou)(hou)一(yi)次(ci)施(shi)(shi)(shi)藥(yao)距采(cai)(cai)收(shou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)間(jian)隔(ge)期(qi)(qi)(qi)。采(cai)(cai)收(shou)、分(fen)(fen)(fen)級、包(bao)裝、運(yun)輸、采(cai)(cai)收(shou)果(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)成(cheng)熟后(hou)(hou)適時組織人員分(fen)(fen)(fen)期(qi)(qi)(qi)分(fen)(fen)(fen)批采(cai)(cai)收(shou)。采(cai)(cai)后(hou)(hou)應盡(jin)(jin)快進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)分(fen)(fen)(fen)級，先剔除病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)果(guo)(guo)(guo)、畸(ji)形果(guo)(guo)(guo)、小(xiao)果(guo)(guo)(guo)（未發(fa)育完全果(guo)(guo)(guo)）、機(ji)(ji)械傷果(guo)(guo)(guo)和不(bu)符合(he)(he)(he)(he)衛生(sheng)(sheng)指標(biao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)果(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)，按大小(xiao)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)分(fen)(fen)(fen)級。包(bao)裝盒上(shang)準(zhun)確標(biao)明產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)名(ming)稱(cheng)、數(shu)量、產(chan)(chan)地(di)、包(bao)裝日期(qi)(qi)(qi)、生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)單(dan)位(wei)、執(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)標(biao)準(zhun)代號和儲運(yun)注意事項等(deng)(deng)內(nei)容(rong)(rong)。果(guo)(guo)(guo)品(pin)(pin)應大小(xiao)一(yi)致、排列整齊。貯藏與(yu)運(yun)輸采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)冷鏈貯藏與(yu)運(yun)輸。