芒果视频下载

基本介紹

婺州蜜梨(li)翠冠梨(li)果(guo)形(xing)圓(yuan)整、果(guo)點較小、松脆多汁、味甜爽口。翠玉(yu)梨(li)果(guo)皮光滑、色澤(ze)均(jun)勻、果(guo)肉(rou)潔白(bai)、肉(rou)質細嫩(nen)。

金(jin)東區(qu)地(di)(di)勢南(nan)北高(gao)，中部(bu)低(di)，以(yi)丘(qiu)陵(ling)山(shan)地(di)(di)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主。北部(bu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)金(jin)華山(shan)山(shan)脈(mo)，海拔在500米(mi)(mi)～900米(mi)(mi)之間(jian)，往南(nan)逐漸緩(huan)降為(wei)(wei)(wei)低(di)崗淺丘(qiu)。南(nan)部(bu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)仙霞嶺余脈(mo)所延伸，為(wei)(wei)(wei)低(di)山(shan)淺丘(qiu)與溪(xi)谷平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)原相間(jian)地(di)(di)形。婺(wu)(wu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)蜜(mi)梨(li)保(bao)護區(qu)多(duo)丘(qiu)陵(ling)山(shan)地(di)(di)，受光(guang)面(mian)積大(da)，通風透光(guang)，土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)排水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)通氣(qi)(qi)(qi)良(liang)好(hao)。促(cu)使梨(li)樹生長(chang)健(jian)壯，花芽分化好(hao)，樹體壽命(ming)長(chang)。金(jin)東區(qu)屬亞(ya)熱(re)帶季風氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候，年平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)17℃左(zuo)右，1月(yue)(yue)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)4.8 ℃左(zuo)右，7月(yue)(yue)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)29℃，形成(cheng)冬夏長(chang)、春(chun)秋(qiu)短，四季分明的(de)(de)特點。無霜期250天左(zuo)右。年平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均降水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量在1300mm～1400mm之間(jian)。年內(nei)變化季節(jie)分配不均勻，3月(yue)(yue)～6月(yue)(yue)為(wei)(wei)(wei)多(duo)雨期，雨量占全年50%以(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)，其中5月(yue)(yue)～6月(yue)(yue)份梅(mei)雨季節(jie)，常出現大(da)面(mian)積降水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)；6月(yue)(yue)～8月(yue)(yue)以(yi)晴熱(re)天氣(qi)(qi)(qi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主，11月(yue)(yue)中、下旬平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)下降至(zhi)14℃，開始落葉進(jin)入休眠越冬。婺(wu)(wu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)蜜(mi)梨(li)喜光(guang)，年平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均日照(zhao)時數2028小時，為(wei)(wei)(wei)全省日照(zhao)時數最多(duo)的(de)(de)地(di)(di)區(qu)之一(yi)，隨著(zhu)光(guang)照(zhao)強(qiang)度增加(jia)，光(guang)合作用增強(qiang)，光(guang)合產(chan)物(wu)也(ye)多(duo)，這一(yi)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候條件有利增加(jia)婺(wu)(wu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)蜜(mi)梨(li)甜度，是砂梨(li)品(pin)系產(chan)區(qu)中成(cheng)熟(shu)較早的(de)(de)產(chan)區(qu)之一(yi)。成(cheng)熟(shu)期間(jian)晝夜(ye)溫(wen)差大(da)于(yu)160以(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)，有利于(yu)養分的(de)(de)轉化和糖(tang)分的(de)(de)積累(lei)，提(ti)高(gao)蜜(mi)梨(li)可溶性固形物(wu)含(han)量。婺(wu)(wu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)蜜(mi)梨(li)保(bao)護種(zhong)植區(qu)域屬錢塘江(jiang)(jiang)上(shang)(shang)(shang)游水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系，義烏江(jiang)(jiang)與武義江(jiang)(jiang)會合后流入婺(wu)(wu)江(jiang)(jiang)，主要河流水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)均達(da)到三類及以(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)。同時金(jin)東區(qu)域內(nei)有水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫67座，蓄水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)總庫容量達(da)7871萬立方(fang)米(mi)(mi)。灌溉用水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源清澈、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)良(liang)好(hao)、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)味甘(gan)甜，有利于(yu)婺(wu)(wu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)蜜(mi)梨(li)品(pin)質(zhi)的(de)(de)提(ti)升(sheng)。保(bao)護區(qu)基地(di)(di)大(da)多(duo)建在義烏江(jiang)(jiang)和武義江(jiang)(jiang)沿線形成(cheng)的(de)(de)沖積壤(rang)土(tu)(tu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)，土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)肥沃、土(tu)(tu)質(zhi)疏松、全鉀含(han)量高(gao)，土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)微酸性，PH值(zhi)以(yi)5.5～6.5為(wei)(wei)(wei)主，特別適宜婺(wu)(wu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)蜜(mi)梨(li)生長(chang)。

地域產地

婺州(zhou)蜜(mi)梨保護區(qu)域范圍為：金華市金東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)區(qu)所轄多湖街道、江(jiang)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)鎮(zhen)、嶺(ling)下鎮(zhen)、澧浦鎮(zhen)、塘雅鎮(zhen)、孝順鎮(zhen)、付村(cun)(cun)鎮(zhen)、源(yuan)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)鄉，共計(ji)8個鄉鎮(zhen)（街道），北至(zhi)(zhi)源(yuan)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)鄉丁(ding)陽嶺(ling)村(cun)(cun)，東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)至(zhi)(zhi)孝順鎮(zhen)低田村(cun)(cun)，南至(zhi)(zhi)江(jiang)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)鎮(zhen)焦巖村(cun)(cun)，西至(zhi)(zhi)多湖街道王宅村(cun)(cun)等68個行政村(cun)(cun)。地理(li)坐標為東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)經119°89′29″～119°56′29″,北緯29°00′07″～29°32′12″。

品質特點

翠(cui)冠梨(li)果(guo)(guo)形(xing)圓整、果(guo)(guo)點較小、松脆多(duo)汁(zhi)、味甜爽口。翠(cui)玉梨(li)果(guo)(guo)皮光(guang)滑、色(se)澤均勻、果(guo)(guo)肉(rou)潔(jie)白、肉(rou)質(zhi)細嫩(nen)。翠(cui)冠梨(li) 硬度≥4.0kg/cm2，可(ke)溶(rong)性固(gu)形(xing)物≥10.5％，可(ke)滴定(ding)酸(suan)≤0.2％。硬度≥4.0kg/cm2，可(ke)溶(rong)性固(gu)形(xing)物≥10.5％，可(ke)滴定(ding)酸(suan)≤0.2％。符合國家農業行業標準規定(ding)的有關(guan)要求(qiu)。

生產情況

園(yuan)(yuan)地(di)(di)(di)選(xuan)擇(ze)選(xuan)擇(ze)光(guang)照條(tiao)件(jian)好(hao)(hao)，山地(di)(di)(di)坡度(du)25度(du)以(yi)下(xia)，土(tu)層(ceng)深(shen)厚肥(fei)(fei)沃(wo)，土(tu)質(zhi)通透性(xing)好(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)緩坡，或(huo)(huo)(huo)交通便利、排(pai)灌(guan)良(liang)好(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)平(ping)地(di)(di)(di)。翠冠(guan)、翠玉等(deng)優(you)良(liang)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)，適合(he)本(ben)地(di)(di)(di)栽(zai)培(pei)(pei)、抗病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)能力強(qiang)、品(pin)質(zhi)好(hao)(hao)、豐產穩產。挑(tiao)選(xuan)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)純正、根(gen)系發(fa)(fa)達、粗壯(zhuang)、無病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)梨(li)苗(miao)(miao)。11月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)中(zhong)旬(xun)(xun)到(dao)次(ci)(ci)年2月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)是種(zhong)(zhong)植梨(li)苗(miao)(miao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)佳時機。緩坡地(di)(di)(di)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)距(ju)(ju)4m～5m，株(zhu)距(ju)(ju)2m～3m；平(ping)地(di)(di)(di)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)距(ju)(ju)4m～5m，株(zhu)距(ju)(ju)3m～4m。定(ding)(ding)植穴(xue)長(chang)(chang)(chang)寬深(shen)為(wei)(wei)80cm×80cm×60cm，砂土(tu)瘠薄地(di)(di)(di)適當加大(da)(da)(da)。每穴(xue)施(shi)有(you)機肥(fei)(fei)（腐熟(shu)廄肥(fei)(fei)）50kg作基肥(fei)(fei)。定(ding)(ding)植穴(xue)上(shang)(shang)(shang)挖(wa)個(ge)(ge)小(xiao)穴(xue)，把苗(miao)(miao)木(mu)(mu)放在(zai)(zai)穴(xue)內，理(li)直根(gen)系，加肥(fei)(fei)沃(wo)細土(tu)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)手(shou)輕輕提苗(miao)(miao)、踏實(shi)、培(pei)(pei)土(tu)，做(zuo)到(dao)淺(qian)種(zhong)(zhong)，苗(miao)(miao)木(mu)(mu)嫁接(jie)口露出土(tu)面。授粉品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)與主栽(zai)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)種(zhong)(zhong)植比例為(wei)(wei)1：4，南北向(xiang)分(fen)(fen)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)種(zhong)(zhong)植，定(ding)(ding)植后(hou)(hou)(hou)澆透水(shui)(shui)(shui)，定(ding)(ding)干(gan)高(gao)(gao)度(du)30cm～50cm。以(yi)培(pei)(pei)養三大(da)(da)(da)主枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)開心(xin)形或(huo)(huo)(huo)多(duo)(duo)主枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)開心(xin)形為(wei)(wei)主，即在(zai)(zai)新(xin)梢(shao)(shao)長(chang)(chang)(chang)50cm～60cm時選(xuan)定(ding)(ding)3個(ge)(ge)或(huo)(huo)(huo)多(duo)(duo)個(ge)(ge)方位合(he)理(li)，分(fen)(fen)布均(jun)勻的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新(xin)梢(shao)(shao)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)摘(zhai)心(xin)，其余疏(shu)刪(shan)。修(xiu)剪(jian)原則(ze)(ze)：大(da)(da)(da)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)少而精(jing)，小(xiao)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)多(duo)(duo)而勻，去(qu)(qu)直留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)斜。修(xiu)剪(jian)方法(fa)：大(da)(da)(da)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組(zu)要(yao)去(qu)(qu)強(qiang)留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)弱，緩放結(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，徒長(chang)(chang)(chang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)過(guo)(guo)多(duo)(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可從基部除(chu)去(qu)(qu)；中(zhong)庸(yong)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組(zu)要(yao)縮(suo)剪(jian)先端強(qiang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，疏(shu)刪(shan)后(hou)(hou)(hou)部細弱枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)；小(xiao)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組(zu)要(yao)注(zhu)意(yi)更新(xin)復(fu)壯(zhuang)，多(duo)(duo)留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)更新(xin)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，抽(chou)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)健壯(zhuang)新(xin)梢(shao)(shao)。休眠(mian)期(qi)(qi)(qi)修(xiu)剪(jian)（冬(dong)季(ji)(ji)修(xiu)剪(jian)）在(zai)(zai)11月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)落(luo)葉(xie)(xie)到(dao)翌(yi)年2月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)底前均(jun)可進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)期(qi)(qi)(qi)修(xiu)剪(jian)（夏季(ji)(ji)修(xiu)剪(jian)）抹芽(ya)(ya)(ya)：抹除(chu)樹(shu)冠(guan)內容易形成(cheng)徒長(chang)(chang)(chang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)背上(shang)(shang)(shang)壯(zhuang)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)，剪(jian)口下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)競爭芽(ya)(ya)(ya)及(ji)(ji)延長(chang)(chang)(chang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)雙芽(ya)(ya)(ya)、三芽(ya)(ya)(ya)。摘(zhai)心(xin)：新(xin)梢(shao)(shao)長(chang)(chang)(chang)20cm～30cm時摘(zhai)除(chu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)條(tiao)頂端的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)嫩梢(shao)(shao)，再次(ci)(ci)抽(chou)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)旺(wang)梢(shao)(shao)需不(bu)斷摘(zhai)心(xin)或(huo)(huo)(huo)扭梢(shao)(shao)。扭梢(shao)(shao)：5月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)～6月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)中(zhong)旬(xun)(xun)新(xin)梢(shao)(shao)長(chang)(chang)(chang)15cm～20cm半木(mu)(mu)質(zhi)化時，將直立(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)徒長(chang)(chang)(chang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)或(huo)(huo)(huo)旺(wang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)扭曲呈下(xia)垂(chui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)。拉枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)：5月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)～7月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)間對角度(du)小(xiao)、過(guo)(guo)于直立(li)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)旺(wang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)副主枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)或(huo)(huo)(huo)大(da)(da)(da)型枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組(zu)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)拉枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、壓(ya)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)或(huo)(huo)(huo)墜(zhui)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。結(jie)合(he)冬(dong)季(ji)(ji)修(xiu)剪(jian)疏(shu)除(chu)部分(fen)(fen)花(hua)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)，在(zai)(zai)現蕾(lei)期(qi)(qi)(qi)先疏(shu)去(qu)(qu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)弱的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)花(hua)序，根(gen)據(ju)需要(yao)每隔(ge)5cm～10cm留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)1個(ge)(ge)花(hua)序，其余一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)律疏(shu)除(chu)。授粉條(tiao)件(jian)好(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)每個(ge)(ge)花(hua)序留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)半左(zuo)右(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)邊花(hua)蕾(lei)，疏(shu)去(qu)(qu)中(zhong)心(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)花(hua)蕾(lei)。疏(shu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)4月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)中(zhong)旬(xun)(xun)～5月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)上(shang)(shang)(shang)旬(xun)(xun)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。坐果(guo)(guo)(guo)率(lv)高(gao)(gao)年份早疏(shu)，否(fou)則(ze)(ze)晚疏(shu)。根(gen)據(ju)樹(shu)齡、樹(shu)勢(shi)、土(tu)肥(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)條(tiao)件(jian)、管理(li)水(shui)(shui)(shui)平(ping)來預(yu)估(gu)產量(liang)(liang)(liang)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)每公頃(qing)產量(liang)(liang)(liang)控制(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)(zai)22500kg左(zuo)右(you)，土(tu)壤條(tiao)件(jian)好(hao)(hao)、肥(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)充足、樹(shu)勢(shi)強(qiang)健、管理(li)水(shui)(shui)(shui)平(ping)高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)多(duo)(duo)留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)，否(fou)則(ze)(ze)少留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)。套袋時間：在(zai)(zai)4月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)下(xia)旬(xun)(xun)～5月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)中(zhong)旬(xun)(xun)。果(guo)(guo)(guo)袋種(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)：根(gen)據(ju)不(bu)同品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)求(qiu)，選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)優(you)質(zhi)雙層(ceng)紙(zhi)袋、單(dan)層(ceng)紙(zhi)袋和(he)(he)塑(su)膜袋等(deng)。省力化栽(zai)培(pei)(pei)果(guo)(guo)(guo)園(yuan)(yuan)可以(yi)不(bu)套袋。結(jie)合(he)秋(qiu)施(shi)基肥(fei)(fei)，進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)全園(yuan)(yuan)翻耕(geng)(geng)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)靠近主干(gan)處淺(qian)，株(zhu)間、行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)間深(shen)，耕(geng)(geng)作深(shen)度(du)在(zai)(zai)20cm～40cm左(zuo)右(you)，2月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)中(zhong)下(xia)旬(xun)(xun)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)中(zhong)耕(geng)(geng)，夏秋(qiu)旱(han)季(ji)(ji)淺(qian)耕(geng)(geng)細作。行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)間套種(zhong)(zhong)豆(dou)類(lei)、綠(lv)肥(fei)(fei)等(deng)。成(cheng)年樹(shu)全園(yuan)(yuan)清(qing)耕(geng)(geng)法(fa)與生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)草法(fa)管理(li)模式相結(jie)合(he)。9月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)～10月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)份施(shi)入，以(yi)商品(pin)有(you)機肥(fei)(fei)、磷肥(fei)(fei)為(wei)(wei)主，施(shi)入挖(wa)好(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)深(shen)30cm～40cm的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)放射溝或(huo)(huo)(huo)環狀溝中(zhong)，施(shi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)覆(fu)土(tu)。壯(zhuang)果(guo)(guo)(guo)肥(fei)(fei)4月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)下(xia)旬(xun)(xun)每公頃(qing)施(shi)復(fu)合(he)肥(fei)(fei)（N：P：K＝15：15：15）420kg，硫酸鉀(jia)110kg。一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)周后(hou)(hou)(hou)再施(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)。采(cai)(cai)(cai)果(guo)(guo)(guo)肥(fei)(fei)果(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)收后(hou)(hou)(hou)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)周內，每公頃(qing)施(shi)尿素150kg。根(gen)外追肥(fei)(fei)結(jie)合(he)病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)葉(xie)(xie)面噴(pen)施(shi)，特別(bie)在(zai)(zai)蕾(lei)期(qi)(qi)(qi)、幼果(guo)(guo)(guo)期(qi)(qi)(qi)、果(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)膨(peng)大(da)(da)(da)期(qi)(qi)(qi)和(he)(he)采(cai)(cai)(cai)后(hou)(hou)(hou)恢復(fu)期(qi)(qi)(qi)每個(ge)(ge)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)期(qi)(qi)(qi)噴(pen)2次(ci)(ci)～3次(ci)(ci)，肥(fei)(fei)料用(yong)(yong)(yong)有(you)機液(ye)肥(fei)(fei)、微(wei)量(liang)(liang)(liang)元素，速效氮、磷、鉀(jia)等(deng)。灌(guan)溉時期(qi)(qi)(qi)：當梨(li)樹(shu)發(fa)(fa)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)前后(hou)(hou)(hou)到(dao)花(hua)期(qi)(qi)(qi)連(lian)續無雨達15天(tian)時、4月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)～5月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)新(xin)梢(shao)(shao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)和(he)(he)幼果(guo)(guo)(guo)膨(peng)大(da)(da)(da)期(qi)(qi)(qi)連(lian)續無雨10天(tian)時、6月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)～7月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)果(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)迅速膨(peng)大(da)(da)(da)期(qi)(qi)(qi)連(lian)續無雨達7天(tian)～10天(tian)時即應(ying)及(ji)(ji)時灌(guan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)。灌(guan)溉方法(fa)：有(you)條(tiao)件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)盡可能采(cai)(cai)(cai)取噴(pen)滴灌(guan)，也可采(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)溝灌(guan)、澆灌(guan)等(deng)。排(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)：地(di)(di)(di)勢(shi)低洼、易積(ji)水(shui)(shui)(shui)或(huo)(huo)(huo)地(di)(di)(di)下(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)位較高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)梨(li)園(yuan)(yuan)，還須(xu)建立(li)排(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)系統，確保(bao)降雨后(hou)(hou)(hou)30cm左(zuo)右(you)深(shen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)排(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)溝中(zhong)無隔(ge)夜積(ji)水(shui)(shui)(shui),避免澇漬害(hai)(hai)。病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)原則(ze)(ze)按照“預(yu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)為(wei)(wei)主、綜合(he)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方針，以(yi)農(nong)業防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)為(wei)(wei)基礎，增強(qiang)樹(shu)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)抗逆能力；根(gen)據(ju)病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)規律，因(yin)時、因(yin)地(di)(di)(di)制(zhi)(zhi)宜合(he)理(li)運(yun)(yun)(yun)用(yong)(yong)(yong)化學(xue)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)、物(wu)理(li)機械防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)等(deng)措施(shi)，經濟、安全、有(you)效地(di)(di)(di)控制(zhi)(zhi)病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)。防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)措施(shi)嚴(yan)格執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)國(guo)家(jia)規定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)植物(wu)檢(jian)疫制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)，防(fang)(fang)(fang)止檢(jian)疫性(xing)病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)蔓延、傳播(bo)。農(nong)業防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)：合(he)理(li)修(xiu)剪(jian)及(ji)(ji)時清(qing)除(chu)病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)為(wei)(wei)害(hai)(hai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)枯(ku)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、落(luo)葉(xie)(xie)，做(zuo)好(hao)(hao)冬(dong)季(ji)(ji)清(qing)園(yuan)(yuan)工作，減(jian)少病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)源。生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)：保(bao)護和(he)(he)利用(yong)(yong)(yong)天(tian)敵，釋放寄生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)性(xing)捕食性(xing)天(tian)敵，發(fa)(fa)揮生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)作用(yong)(yong)(yong)。物(wu)理(li)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)：利用(yong)(yong)(yong)害(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)趨光(guang)性(xing)及(ji)(ji)對某些物(wu)質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)趨性(xing)誘(you)殺(sha)，在(zai)(zai)成(cheng)蟲(chong)(chong)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)期(qi)(qi)(qi)，田間掛誘(you)蟲(chong)(chong)燈或(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)誘(you)劑等(deng)誘(you)殺(sha)。化學(xue)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)：優(you)先選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)源、礦(kuang)物(wu)源農(nong)藥(yao)。注(zhu)意(yi)噴(pen)藥(yao)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)，減(jian)少噴(pen)藥(yao)次(ci)(ci)數。嚴(yan)禁(jin)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)劇毒(du)(du)、高(gao)(gao)毒(du)(du)、高(gao)(gao)殘留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)或(huo)(huo)(huo)具(ju)有(you)“三致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”（致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)癌、致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)畸(ji)、致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)突變）的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)藥(yao)及(ji)(ji)各種(zhong)(zhong)遺傳工程微(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)制(zhi)(zhi)劑。必須(xu)嚴(yan)格國(guo)家(jia)綠(lv)色食品(pin)A級(ji)(ji)標(biao)準嚴(yan)格控制(zhi)(zhi)農(nong)藥(yao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)、使用(yong)(yong)(yong)濃度(du)、使用(yong)(yong)(yong)次(ci)(ci)數及(ji)(ji)最(zui)后(hou)(hou)(hou)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)施(shi)藥(yao)距(ju)(ju)采(cai)(cai)(cai)收的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)間隔(ge)期(qi)(qi)(qi)。采(cai)(cai)(cai)收、分(fen)(fen)級(ji)(ji)、包裝(zhuang)、運(yun)(yun)(yun)輸、采(cai)(cai)(cai)收果(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)成(cheng)熟(shu)后(hou)(hou)(hou)適時組(zu)織人員(yuan)分(fen)(fen)期(qi)(qi)(qi)分(fen)(fen)批采(cai)(cai)(cai)收。采(cai)(cai)(cai)后(hou)(hou)(hou)應(ying)盡快進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)分(fen)(fen)級(ji)(ji)，先剔除(chu)病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)果(guo)(guo)(guo)、畸(ji)形果(guo)(guo)(guo)、小(xiao)果(guo)(guo)(guo)（未(wei)發(fa)(fa)育完全果(guo)(guo)(guo)）、機械傷果(guo)(guo)(guo)和(he)(he)不(bu)符合(he)衛生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)指標(biao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)果(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)，按大(da)(da)(da)小(xiao)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)分(fen)(fen)級(ji)(ji)。包裝(zhuang)盒上(shang)(shang)(shang)準確標(biao)明產品(pin)名(ming)稱、數量(liang)(liang)(liang)、產地(di)(di)(di)、包裝(zhuang)日(ri)期(qi)(qi)(qi)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產單(dan)位、執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)標(biao)準代(dai)號和(he)(he)儲運(yun)(yun)(yun)注(zhu)意(yi)事(shi)項等(deng)內容。果(guo)(guo)(guo)品(pin)應(ying)大(da)(da)(da)小(xiao)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、排(pai)列(lie)整(zheng)齊。貯(zhu)藏(zang)與運(yun)(yun)(yun)輸采(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)冷(leng)鏈(lian)貯(zhu)藏(zang)與運(yun)(yun)(yun)輸。