婺(wu)州蜜梨(li)翠冠梨(li)果(guo)(guo)形圓整、果(guo)(guo)點較(jiao)小、松脆多汁、味甜爽口(kou)。翠玉梨(li)果(guo)(guo)皮光滑、色澤均(jun)勻、果(guo)(guo)肉潔白、肉質細(xi)嫩(nen)。
金東區(qu)地(di)(di)勢(shi)南(nan)北(bei)高,中(zhong)(zhong)部(bu)低,以(yi)(yi)丘(qiu)(qiu)陵山(shan)地(di)(di)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)。北(bei)部(bu)為(wei)(wei)金華山(shan)山(shan)脈(mo),海(hai)拔在500米~900米之間,往南(nan)逐漸緩降(jiang)為(wei)(wei)低崗淺(qian)丘(qiu)(qiu)。南(nan)部(bu)為(wei)(wei)仙霞嶺余脈(mo)所延伸,為(wei)(wei)低山(shan)淺(qian)丘(qiu)(qiu)與溪(xi)谷平(ping)(ping)原相間地(di)(di)形(xing)。婺(wu)(wu)(wu)州(zhou)蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)梨(li)(li)(li)保護區(qu)多丘(qiu)(qiu)陵山(shan)地(di)(di),受光面(mian)積大(da),通(tong)風透光,土(tu)(tu)壤排水(shui)(shui)(shui)通(tong)氣(qi)良好(hao)。促使梨(li)(li)(li)樹生長(chang)(chang)健(jian)壯,花(hua)芽(ya)分化好(hao),樹體壽命長(chang)(chang)。金東區(qu)屬亞熱帶季(ji)風氣(qi)候(hou),年(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)17℃左(zuo)右,1月(yue)(yue)(yue)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)4.8 ℃左(zuo)右,7月(yue)(yue)(yue)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)29℃,形(xing)成冬夏(xia)長(chang)(chang)、春秋短,四(si)季(ji)分明(ming)的特(te)點。無霜期250天左(zuo)右。年(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)在1300mm~1400mm之間。年(nian)內變(bian)化季(ji)節(jie)分配不均(jun)(jun)勻,3月(yue)(yue)(yue)~6月(yue)(yue)(yue)為(wei)(wei)多雨(yu)期,雨(yu)量(liang)占全年(nian)50%以(yi)(yi)上,其中(zhong)(zhong)5月(yue)(yue)(yue)~6月(yue)(yue)(yue)份梅雨(yu)季(ji)節(jie),常出(chu)現大(da)面(mian)積降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui);6月(yue)(yue)(yue)~8月(yue)(yue)(yue)以(yi)(yi)晴熱天氣(qi)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu),11月(yue)(yue)(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)、下旬平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)下降(jiang)至(zhi)14℃,開(kai)始落葉進入休(xiu)眠越(yue)冬。婺(wu)(wu)(wu)州(zhou)蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)梨(li)(li)(li)喜光,年(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)日照時數2028小(xiao)時,為(wei)(wei)全省日照時數最多的地(di)(di)區(qu)之一(yi),隨著光照強度增加,光合(he)作用增強,光合(he)產物(wu)也多,這一(yi)氣(qi)候(hou)條(tiao)件有利(li)增加婺(wu)(wu)(wu)州(zhou)蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)梨(li)(li)(li)甜度,是砂(sha)梨(li)(li)(li)品(pin)系(xi)產區(qu)中(zhong)(zhong)成熟較早的產區(qu)之一(yi)。成熟期間晝夜(ye)溫(wen)(wen)差大(da)于(yu)160以(yi)(yi)上,有利(li)于(yu)養分的轉化和糖分的積累,提高蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)梨(li)(li)(li)可溶性固形(xing)物(wu)含量(liang)。婺(wu)(wu)(wu)州(zhou)蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)梨(li)(li)(li)保護種植區(qu)域(yu)屬錢塘江上游水(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi),義烏江與武義江會(hui)合(he)后流入婺(wu)(wu)(wu)江,主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)河流水(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)均(jun)(jun)達到三類及(ji)以(yi)(yi)上水(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)。同時金東區(qu)域(yu)內有水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫67座,蓄水(shui)(shui)(shui)總(zong)庫容量(liang)達7871萬立方米。灌(guan)溉用水(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)源清澈、水(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)良好(hao)、水(shui)(shui)(shui)味甘甜,有利(li)于(yu)婺(wu)(wu)(wu)州(zhou)蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)梨(li)(li)(li)品(pin)質(zhi)的提升。保護區(qu)基地(di)(di)大(da)多建在義烏江和武義江沿線形(xing)成的沖積壤土(tu)(tu)上,土(tu)(tu)壤肥沃、土(tu)(tu)質(zhi)疏松、全鉀含量(liang)高,土(tu)(tu)壤微酸(suan)性,PH值以(yi)(yi)5.5~6.5為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu),特(te)別適宜(yi)婺(wu)(wu)(wu)州(zhou)蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)梨(li)(li)(li)生長(chang)(chang)。
婺州蜜(mi)梨保(bao)護(hu)區域范圍為(wei):金華市金東(dong)區所轄多(duo)湖街(jie)(jie)道(dao)、江東(dong)鎮(zhen)、嶺下鎮(zhen)、澧(li)浦鎮(zhen)、塘雅(ya)鎮(zhen)、孝順鎮(zhen)、付村(cun)鎮(zhen)、源(yuan)東(dong)鄉(xiang),共計8個鄉(xiang)鎮(zhen)(街(jie)(jie)道(dao)),北(bei)至源(yuan)東(dong)鄉(xiang)丁陽嶺村(cun),東(dong)至孝順鎮(zhen)低田村(cun),南至江東(dong)鎮(zhen)焦巖村(cun),西至多(duo)湖街(jie)(jie)道(dao)王(wang)宅(zhai)村(cun)等(deng)68個行政村(cun)。地理坐標(biao)為(wei)東(dong)經119°89′29″~119°56′29″,北(bei)緯29°00′07″~29°32′12″。
翠冠梨(li)(li)果(guo)形(xing)圓整、果(guo)點較小、松脆多汁、味甜(tian)爽口。翠玉梨(li)(li)果(guo)皮(pi)光滑、色(se)澤均勻、果(guo)肉潔(jie)白(bai)、肉質(zhi)細嫩(nen)。翠冠梨(li)(li) 硬度≥4.0kg/cm2,可(ke)溶(rong)性(xing)固形(xing)物≥10.5%,可(ke)滴(di)定(ding)酸(suan)≤0.2%。硬度≥4.0kg/cm2,可(ke)溶(rong)性(xing)固形(xing)物≥10.5%,可(ke)滴(di)定(ding)酸(suan)≤0.2%。符合國家農業行業標準規定(ding)的有關要求。
園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)地(di)(di)(di)選擇選擇光照(zhao)(zhao)條(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)好,山(shan)地(di)(di)(di)坡(po)度(du)25度(du)以下(xia)(xia),土(tu)(tu)層(ceng)深(shen)(shen)厚肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)沃(wo),土(tu)(tu)質(zhi)通透性(xing)好的(de)(de)緩坡(po),或(huo)(huo)(huo)交(jiao)通便利(li)(li)、排(pai)(pai)(pai)灌(guan)(guan)良(liang)好的(de)(de)平(ping)地(di)(di)(di)。翠冠、翠玉(yu)等(deng)(deng)優良(liang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),適合(he)(he)(he)本地(di)(di)(di)栽培(pei)(pei)、抗(kang)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)能(neng)力強(qiang)(qiang)、品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)好、豐產(chan)穩產(chan)。挑選品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)純正、根系發(fa)(fa)達(da)、粗壯(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)、無病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)的(de)(de)梨苗(miao)。11月(yue)(yue)(yue)中(zhong)旬(xun)到次(ci)(ci)年(nian)2月(yue)(yue)(yue)是種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)梨苗(miao)的(de)(de)最佳時(shi)(shi)機(ji)。緩坡(po)地(di)(di)(di)行(xing)(xing)(xing)距(ju)4m~5m,株(zhu)(zhu)距(ju)2m~3m;平(ping)地(di)(di)(di)行(xing)(xing)(xing)距(ju)4m~5m,株(zhu)(zhu)距(ju)3m~4m。定植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)穴長(chang)寬(kuan)深(shen)(shen)為(wei)80cm×80cm×60cm,砂土(tu)(tu)瘠(ji)薄地(di)(di)(di)適當加(jia)大(da)(da)。每(mei)穴施(shi)(shi)有(you)機(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(腐熟(shu)廄肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei))50kg作(zuo)基(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)。定植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)穴上(shang)挖(wa)(wa)個(ge)(ge)(ge)小(xiao)穴,把(ba)苗(miao)木(mu)放(fang)在(zai)穴內(nei),理(li)(li)(li)直(zhi)根系,加(jia)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)沃(wo)細(xi)土(tu)(tu),用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)手輕輕提苗(miao)、踏實(shi)、培(pei)(pei)土(tu)(tu),做到淺種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),苗(miao)木(mu)嫁接口(kou)露出土(tu)(tu)面(mian)。授粉品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)與(yu)主栽品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)比例為(wei)1:4,南北(bei)向分(fen)行(xing)(xing)(xing)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),定植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)澆透水(shui)(shui)(shui),定干(gan)高度(du)30cm~50cm。以培(pei)(pei)養三大(da)(da)主枝(zhi)開(kai)心(xin)形或(huo)(huo)(huo)多主枝(zhi)開(kai)心(xin)形為(wei)主,即在(zai)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)梢(shao)長(chang)50cm~60cm時(shi)(shi)選定3個(ge)(ge)(ge)或(huo)(huo)(huo)多個(ge)(ge)(ge)方(fang)位合(he)(he)(he)理(li)(li)(li),分(fen)布均勻的(de)(de)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)梢(shao)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)摘(zhai)心(xin),其(qi)余(yu)疏(shu)(shu)(shu)刪(shan)。修(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)原則(ze):大(da)(da)枝(zhi)少(shao)而精(jing),小(xiao)枝(zhi)多而勻,去(qu)(qu)直(zhi)留(liu)(liu)斜(xie)。修(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)方(fang)法:大(da)(da)枝(zhi)組要(yao)去(qu)(qu)強(qiang)(qiang)留(liu)(liu)弱(ruo)(ruo),緩放(fang)結(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi),徒長(chang)枝(zhi)過多的(de)(de)可(ke)從基(ji)部(bu)除(chu)去(qu)(qu);中(zhong)庸(yong)枝(zhi)組要(yao)縮剪(jian)(jian)先(xian)端(duan)強(qiang)(qiang)枝(zhi),疏(shu)(shu)(shu)刪(shan)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)部(bu)細(xi)弱(ruo)(ruo)枝(zhi);小(xiao)枝(zhi)組要(yao)注(zhu)(zhu)意(yi)更(geng)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)復(fu)(fu)壯(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang),多留(liu)(liu)更(geng)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)枝(zhi),抽(chou)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)健壯(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)梢(shao)。休眠期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)修(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(冬(dong)季(ji)修(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian))在(zai)11月(yue)(yue)(yue)落(luo)葉(xie)(xie)到翌年(nian)2月(yue)(yue)(yue)底(di)前均可(ke)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)。生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)修(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(夏(xia)季(ji)修(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian))抹芽:抹除(chu)樹(shu)(shu)冠內(nei)容易形成徒長(chang)枝(zhi)的(de)(de)背上(shang)壯(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)芽,剪(jian)(jian)口(kou)下(xia)(xia)的(de)(de)競爭芽及延長(chang)枝(zhi)上(shang)的(de)(de)雙(shuang)芽、三芽。摘(zhai)心(xin):新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)梢(shao)長(chang)20cm~30cm時(shi)(shi)摘(zhai)除(chu)枝(zhi)條(tiao)(tiao)頂端(duan)的(de)(de)嫩梢(shao),再次(ci)(ci)抽(chou)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)旺梢(shao)需(xu)不(bu)斷(duan)摘(zhai)心(xin)或(huo)(huo)(huo)扭梢(shao)。扭梢(shao):5月(yue)(yue)(yue)~6月(yue)(yue)(yue)中(zhong)旬(xun)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)梢(shao)長(chang)15cm~20cm半木(mu)質(zhi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)時(shi)(shi),將(jiang)直(zhi)立(li)(li)的(de)(de)徒長(chang)枝(zhi)或(huo)(huo)(huo)旺枝(zhi)扭曲呈下(xia)(xia)垂生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)。拉枝(zhi):5月(yue)(yue)(yue)~7月(yue)(yue)(yue)間對(dui)角度(du)小(xiao)、過于直(zhi)立(li)(li)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)旺的(de)(de)副(fu)主枝(zhi)或(huo)(huo)(huo)大(da)(da)型(xing)枝(zhi)組進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)拉枝(zhi)、壓枝(zhi)或(huo)(huo)(huo)墜(zhui)枝(zhi)。結(jie)合(he)(he)(he)冬(dong)季(ji)修(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)疏(shu)(shu)(shu)除(chu)部(bu)分(fen)花(hua)芽,在(zai)現蕾(lei)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)先(xian)疏(shu)(shu)(shu)去(qu)(qu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)弱(ruo)(ruo)的(de)(de)花(hua)序,根據需(xu)要(yao)每(mei)隔(ge)5cm~10cm留(liu)(liu)1個(ge)(ge)(ge)花(hua)序,其(qi)余(yu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)律(lv)疏(shu)(shu)(shu)除(chu)。授粉條(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)好的(de)(de)每(mei)個(ge)(ge)(ge)花(hua)序留(liu)(liu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)半左(zuo)右的(de)(de)邊花(hua)蕾(lei),疏(shu)(shu)(shu)去(qu)(qu)中(zhong)心(xin)的(de)(de)花(hua)蕾(lei)。疏(shu)(shu)(shu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)4月(yue)(yue)(yue)中(zhong)旬(xun)~5月(yue)(yue)(yue)上(shang)旬(xun)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)。坐(zuo)果(guo)(guo)(guo)率高年(nian)份早疏(shu)(shu)(shu),否則(ze)晚疏(shu)(shu)(shu)。根據樹(shu)(shu)齡、樹(shu)(shu)勢(shi)、土(tu)(tu)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)條(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)、管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)水(shui)(shui)(shui)平(ping)來預(yu)估產(chan)量(liang)(liang),一(yi)(yi)(yi)般每(mei)公頃(qing)(qing)產(chan)量(liang)(liang)控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)22500kg左(zuo)右,土(tu)(tu)壤條(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)好、肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)充足、樹(shu)(shu)勢(shi)強(qiang)(qiang)健、管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)水(shui)(shui)(shui)平(ping)高的(de)(de)多留(liu)(liu),否則(ze)少(shao)留(liu)(liu)。套袋(dai)時(shi)(shi)間:在(zai)4月(yue)(yue)(yue)下(xia)(xia)旬(xun)~5月(yue)(yue)(yue)中(zhong)旬(xun)。果(guo)(guo)(guo)袋(dai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei):根據不(bu)同品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)求,選用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)優質(zhi)雙(shuang)層(ceng)紙(zhi)袋(dai)、單層(ceng)紙(zhi)袋(dai)和(he)(he)(he)塑膜袋(dai)等(deng)(deng)。省(sheng)力化(hua)(hua)(hua)栽培(pei)(pei)果(guo)(guo)(guo)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)可(ke)以不(bu)套袋(dai)。結(jie)合(he)(he)(he)秋施(shi)(shi)基(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)全園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)翻(fan)耕(geng)(geng),一(yi)(yi)(yi)般靠近主干(gan)處(chu)淺,株(zhu)(zhu)間、行(xing)(xing)(xing)間深(shen)(shen),耕(geng)(geng)作(zuo)深(shen)(shen)度(du)在(zai)20cm~40cm左(zuo)右,2月(yue)(yue)(yue)中(zhong)下(xia)(xia)旬(xun)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)中(zhong)耕(geng)(geng),夏(xia)秋旱季(ji)淺耕(geng)(geng)細(xi)作(zuo)。行(xing)(xing)(xing)間套種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)豆類(lei)、綠肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)等(deng)(deng)。成年(nian)樹(shu)(shu)全園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)清耕(geng)(geng)法與(yu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)草法管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)模式相結(jie)合(he)(he)(he)。9月(yue)(yue)(yue)~10月(yue)(yue)(yue)份施(shi)(shi)入,以商(shang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)有(you)機(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)、磷(lin)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)主,施(shi)(shi)入挖(wa)(wa)好的(de)(de)深(shen)(shen)30cm~40cm的(de)(de)放(fang)射溝(gou)或(huo)(huo)(huo)環狀溝(gou)中(zhong),施(shi)(shi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)覆土(tu)(tu)。壯(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)果(guo)(guo)(guo)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)4月(yue)(yue)(yue)下(xia)(xia)旬(xun)每(mei)公頃(qing)(qing)施(shi)(shi)復(fu)(fu)合(he)(he)(he)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(N:P:K=15:15:15)420kg,硫酸鉀110kg。一(yi)(yi)(yi)周后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)再施(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)。采(cai)(cai)果(guo)(guo)(guo)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)果(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)采(cai)(cai)收后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)一(yi)(yi)(yi)周內(nei),每(mei)公頃(qing)(qing)施(shi)(shi)尿素(su)150kg。根外追(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)結(jie)合(he)(he)(he)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)葉(xie)(xie)面(mian)噴(pen)施(shi)(shi),特別在(zai)蕾(lei)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、幼果(guo)(guo)(guo)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、果(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)膨大(da)(da)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)和(he)(he)(he)采(cai)(cai)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)恢復(fu)(fu)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)每(mei)個(ge)(ge)(ge)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)噴(pen)2次(ci)(ci)~3次(ci)(ci),肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料(liao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)有(you)機(ji)液肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)、微(wei)量(liang)(liang)元素(su),速(su)效氮(dan)、磷(lin)、鉀等(deng)(deng)。灌(guan)(guan)溉時(shi)(shi)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi):當梨樹(shu)(shu)發(fa)(fa)芽前后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)到花(hua)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)連續無雨達(da)15天(tian)時(shi)(shi)、4月(yue)(yue)(yue)~5月(yue)(yue)(yue)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)梢(shao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)和(he)(he)(he)幼果(guo)(guo)(guo)膨大(da)(da)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)連續無雨10天(tian)時(shi)(shi)、6月(yue)(yue)(yue)~7月(yue)(yue)(yue)果(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)迅速(su)膨大(da)(da)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)連續無雨達(da)7天(tian)~10天(tian)時(shi)(shi)即應及時(shi)(shi)灌(guan)(guan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)。灌(guan)(guan)溉方(fang)法:有(you)條(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)的(de)(de)盡可(ke)能(neng)采(cai)(cai)取噴(pen)滴灌(guan)(guan),也(ye)可(ke)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)溝(gou)灌(guan)(guan)、澆灌(guan)(guan)等(deng)(deng)。排(pai)(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui):地(di)(di)(di)勢(shi)低洼、易積(ji)水(shui)(shui)(shui)或(huo)(huo)(huo)地(di)(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)位較高的(de)(de)梨園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),還須(xu)建立(li)(li)排(pai)(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)系統,確保降雨后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)30cm左(zuo)右深(shen)(shen)的(de)(de)排(pai)(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)溝(gou)中(zhong)無隔(ge)夜積(ji)水(shui)(shui)(shui),避免澇漬害(hai)。病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)原則(ze)按(an)照(zhao)(zhao)“預(yu)防(fang)(fang)為(wei)主、綜(zong)合(he)(he)(he)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”的(de)(de)方(fang)針,以農(nong)業(ye)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)基(ji)礎,增強(qiang)(qiang)樹(shu)(shu)體的(de)(de)抗(kang)逆能(neng)力;根據病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)規律(lv),因時(shi)(shi)、因地(di)(di)(di)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宜合(he)(he)(he)理(li)(li)(li)運(yun)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)化(hua)(hua)(hua)學防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、物(wu)(wu)理(li)(li)(li)機(ji)械(xie)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等(deng)(deng)措施(shi)(shi),經濟、安(an)全、有(you)效地(di)(di)(di)控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)。防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)措施(shi)(shi)嚴(yan)格(ge)執行(xing)(xing)(xing)國(guo)家規定的(de)(de)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)檢疫制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du),防(fang)(fang)止檢疫性(xing)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)蔓(man)延、傳播(bo)。農(nong)業(ye)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi):合(he)(he)(he)理(li)(li)(li)修(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)及時(shi)(shi)清除(chu)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)為(wei)害(hai)的(de)(de)枯枝(zhi)、落(luo)葉(xie)(xie),做好冬(dong)季(ji)清園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)作(zuo),減少(shao)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)源。生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi):保護和(he)(he)(he)利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)天(tian)敵(di),釋放(fang)寄生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)性(xing)捕食性(xing)天(tian)敵(di),發(fa)(fa)揮生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。物(wu)(wu)理(li)(li)(li)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi):利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)害(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)的(de)(de)趨光性(xing)及對(dui)某些物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)的(de)(de)趨性(xing)誘(you)殺,在(zai)成蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),田間掛誘(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)燈或(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)誘(you)劑等(deng)(deng)誘(you)殺。化(hua)(hua)(hua)學防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi):優先(xian)選用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)源、礦(kuang)物(wu)(wu)源農(nong)藥。注(zhu)(zhu)意(yi)噴(pen)藥質(zhi)量(liang)(liang),減少(shao)噴(pen)藥次(ci)(ci)數(shu)(shu)。嚴(yan)禁使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)劇毒、高毒、高殘留(liu)(liu)或(huo)(huo)(huo)具有(you)“三致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”(致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)癌、致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)畸(ji)、致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)突變(bian))的(de)(de)農(nong)藥及各(ge)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)遺傳工(gong)程微(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)劑。必須(xu)嚴(yan)格(ge)國(guo)家綠色食品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)A級(ji)標準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)嚴(yan)格(ge)控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)農(nong)藥用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)量(liang)(liang)、使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)濃度(du)、使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)次(ci)(ci)數(shu)(shu)及最后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)一(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)施(shi)(shi)藥距(ju)采(cai)(cai)收的(de)(de)間隔(ge)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。采(cai)(cai)收、分(fen)級(ji)、包裝(zhuang)、運(yun)輸、采(cai)(cai)收果(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)成熟(shu)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)適時(shi)(shi)組織人員(yuan)分(fen)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)分(fen)批(pi)采(cai)(cai)收。采(cai)(cai)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)應盡快進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)分(fen)級(ji),先(xian)剔(ti)除(chu)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)果(guo)(guo)(guo)、畸(ji)形果(guo)(guo)(guo)、小(xiao)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(未發(fa)(fa)育完全果(guo)(guo)(guo))、機(ji)械(xie)傷果(guo)(guo)(guo)和(he)(he)(he)不(bu)符合(he)(he)(he)衛生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)指標的(de)(de)果(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi),按(an)大(da)(da)小(xiao)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)分(fen)級(ji)。包裝(zhuang)盒上(shang)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)確標明產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)名(ming)稱(cheng)、數(shu)(shu)量(liang)(liang)、產(chan)地(di)(di)(di)、包裝(zhuang)日期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)單位、執行(xing)(xing)(xing)標準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)代號和(he)(he)(he)儲運(yun)注(zhu)(zhu)意(yi)事項等(deng)(deng)內(nei)容。果(guo)(guo)(guo)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)應大(da)(da)小(xiao)一(yi)(yi)(yi)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、排(pai)(pai)(pai)列整齊。貯(zhu)藏與(yu)運(yun)輸采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)冷鏈貯(zhu)藏與(yu)運(yun)輸。