芒果视频下载

基本介紹

婺州蜜梨(li)(li)(li)翠冠梨(li)(li)(li)果(guo)形圓整(zheng)、果(guo)點較小、松脆(cui)多汁、味(wei)甜爽口。翠玉梨(li)(li)(li)果(guo)皮光滑、色澤均勻、果(guo)肉(rou)潔白、肉(rou)質細嫩。

金(jin)東區(qu)(qu)地(di)勢南北高，中部(bu)低(di)，以(yi)丘陵山地(di)為(wei)主。北部(bu)為(wei)金(jin)華山山脈，海(hai)拔在(zai)(zai)500米～900米之(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)，往(wang)南逐漸緩(huan)降為(wei)低(di)崗淺(qian)丘。南部(bu)為(wei)仙霞嶺余脈所延(yan)伸，為(wei)低(di)山淺(qian)丘與(yu)溪谷平(ping)原相間(jian)地(di)形(xing)。婺(wu)(wu)州(zhou)(zhou)蜜(mi)(mi)梨保護(hu)區(qu)(qu)多(duo)(duo)丘陵山地(di)，受光面積(ji)大(da)，通風(feng)透光，土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)排水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)通氣(qi)(qi)(qi)良好(hao)(hao)。促使梨樹(shu)生(sheng)長(chang)健壯(zhuang)，花芽分化好(hao)(hao)，樹(shu)體(ti)壽命(ming)長(chang)。金(jin)東區(qu)(qu)屬亞熱帶季(ji)風(feng)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候，年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)17℃左右，1月(yue)(yue)平(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)4.8 ℃左右，7月(yue)(yue)平(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)29℃，形(xing)成(cheng)冬夏長(chang)、春秋短，四季(ji)分明的(de)特點。無(wu)霜期250天左右。年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)降水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)在(zai)(zai)1300mm～1400mm之(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)。年(nian)(nian)內變化季(ji)節分配不均(jun)勻，3月(yue)(yue)～6月(yue)(yue)為(wei)多(duo)(duo)雨期，雨量(liang)占(zhan)全(quan)年(nian)(nian)50%以(yi)上(shang)(shang)，其中5月(yue)(yue)～6月(yue)(yue)份梅(mei)雨季(ji)節，常出(chu)現大(da)面積(ji)降水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)；6月(yue)(yue)～8月(yue)(yue)以(yi)晴熱天氣(qi)(qi)(qi)為(wei)主，11月(yue)(yue)中、下旬平(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)下降至14℃，開(kai)始落葉進入(ru)休(xiu)眠越冬。婺(wu)(wu)州(zhou)(zhou)蜜(mi)(mi)梨喜光，年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)日(ri)照(zhao)時(shi)數2028小時(shi)，為(wei)全(quan)省日(ri)照(zhao)時(shi)數最(zui)多(duo)(duo)的(de)地(di)區(qu)(qu)之(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)，隨著光照(zhao)強(qiang)度(du)增加，光合(he)作(zuo)用增強(qiang)，光合(he)產物(wu)也多(duo)(duo)，這一(yi)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候條件有利(li)(li)增加婺(wu)(wu)州(zhou)(zhou)蜜(mi)(mi)梨甜(tian)度(du)，是砂(sha)梨品系(xi)產區(qu)(qu)中成(cheng)熟(shu)(shu)較早的(de)產區(qu)(qu)之(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)。成(cheng)熟(shu)(shu)期間(jian)晝夜(ye)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)差大(da)于(yu)160以(yi)上(shang)(shang)，有利(li)(li)于(yu)養分的(de)轉化和糖分的(de)積(ji)累(lei)，提(ti)高蜜(mi)(mi)梨可溶性固形(xing)物(wu)含量(liang)。婺(wu)(wu)州(zhou)(zhou)蜜(mi)(mi)梨保護(hu)種植區(qu)(qu)域屬錢(qian)塘江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)上(shang)(shang)游水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)，義(yi)烏(wu)(wu)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)與(yu)武義(yi)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)會合(he)后流入(ru)婺(wu)(wu)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)，主要河流水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)均(jun)達到三(san)類及(ji)以(yi)上(shang)(shang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)。同時(shi)金(jin)東區(qu)(qu)域內有水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)67座(zuo)，蓄水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)總庫(ku)容量(liang)達7871萬(wan)立方米。灌溉用水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源清澈、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)良好(hao)(hao)、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)味(wei)甘(gan)甜(tian)，有利(li)(li)于(yu)婺(wu)(wu)州(zhou)(zhou)蜜(mi)(mi)梨品質(zhi)(zhi)的(de)提(ti)升。保護(hu)區(qu)(qu)基地(di)大(da)多(duo)(duo)建在(zai)(zai)義(yi)烏(wu)(wu)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)和武義(yi)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)沿線(xian)形(xing)成(cheng)的(de)沖積(ji)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)土(tu)上(shang)(shang)，土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)肥沃、土(tu)質(zhi)(zhi)疏松(song)、全(quan)鉀含量(liang)高，土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)微酸性，PH值以(yi)5.5～6.5為(wei)主，特別適宜婺(wu)(wu)州(zhou)(zhou)蜜(mi)(mi)梨生(sheng)長(chang)。

地域產地

婺(wu)州(zhou)蜜(mi)梨保(bao)護區(qu)域(yu)范圍為(wei)(wei)：金(jin)華市金(jin)東(dong)(dong)(dong)區(qu)所(suo)轄多(duo)湖街(jie)道、江東(dong)(dong)(dong)鎮(zhen)、嶺(ling)下(xia)鎮(zhen)、澧浦鎮(zhen)、塘雅鎮(zhen)、孝順鎮(zhen)、付村(cun)(cun)鎮(zhen)、源東(dong)(dong)(dong)鄉(xiang)，共計8個(ge)鄉(xiang)鎮(zhen)（街(jie)道），北至(zhi)源東(dong)(dong)(dong)鄉(xiang)丁陽嶺(ling)村(cun)(cun)，東(dong)(dong)(dong)至(zhi)孝順鎮(zhen)低田村(cun)(cun)，南至(zhi)江東(dong)(dong)(dong)鎮(zhen)焦巖村(cun)(cun)，西至(zhi)多(duo)湖街(jie)道王(wang)宅村(cun)(cun)等68個(ge)行政村(cun)(cun)。地(di)理(li)坐標(biao)為(wei)(wei)東(dong)(dong)(dong)經(jing)119°89′29″～119°56′29″,北緯29°00′07″～29°32′12″。

品質特點

翠冠(guan)梨果形(xing)圓整(zheng)、果點較(jiao)小、松(song)脆(cui)多汁(zhi)、味甜(tian)爽口。翠玉梨果皮光滑、色澤均勻、果肉(rou)潔白、肉(rou)質(zhi)細嫩。翠冠(guan)梨 硬(ying)度≥4.0kg/cm2，可(ke)溶性固(gu)形(xing)物≥10.5％，可(ke)滴定(ding)(ding)酸≤0.2％。硬(ying)度≥4.0kg/cm2，可(ke)溶性固(gu)形(xing)物≥10.5％，可(ke)滴定(ding)(ding)酸≤0.2％。符合國家農業(ye)行業(ye)標準規定(ding)(ding)的有關要求。

生產情況

園地(di)(di)選擇選擇光(guang)照條(tiao)件好(hao)(hao)，山地(di)(di)坡(po)度(du)25度(du)以(yi)(yi)下(xia)，土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)層深(shen)(shen)(shen)厚肥(fei)(fei)(fei)沃(wo)，土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)質(zhi)通透(tou)性(xing)(xing)好(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)緩坡(po)，或(huo)(huo)交通便利(li)、排灌(guan)良(liang)好(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)平地(di)(di)。翠(cui)冠、翠(cui)玉等(deng)優良(liang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)，適(shi)合(he)(he)(he)本(ben)地(di)(di)栽培、抗病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)能(neng)力(li)強(qiang)、品(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)好(hao)(hao)、豐產(chan)(chan)穩產(chan)(chan)。挑選品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)純正、根(gen)(gen)系(xi)發(fa)(fa)達、粗壯(zhuang)、無病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)害(hai)的(de)(de)梨苗(miao)。11月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)旬(xun)(xun)到次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)年2月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)是種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)梨苗(miao)的(de)(de)最(zui)佳時(shi)(shi)(shi)機(ji)(ji)。緩坡(po)地(di)(di)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)距4m～5m，株距2m～3m；平地(di)(di)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)距4m～5m，株距3m～4m。定植(zhi)穴(xue)(xue)長(chang)寬(kuan)深(shen)(shen)(shen)為80cm×80cm×60cm，砂(sha)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)瘠薄(bo)地(di)(di)適(shi)當(dang)加大(da)。每穴(xue)(xue)施(shi)(shi)有(you)機(ji)(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)（腐熟廄(jiu)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)）50kg作(zuo)(zuo)基肥(fei)(fei)(fei)。定植(zhi)穴(xue)(xue)上挖個(ge)(ge)小(xiao)穴(xue)(xue)，把苗(miao)木放在(zai)穴(xue)(xue)內(nei)，理(li)直根(gen)(gen)系(xi)，加肥(fei)(fei)(fei)沃(wo)細(xi)(xi)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)手輕輕提苗(miao)、踏實(shi)(shi)、培土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)，做(zuo)到淺(qian)(qian)種(zhong)(zhong)，苗(miao)木嫁接口露出土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)面。授(shou)粉品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)與(yu)主栽品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)比(bi)例為1：4，南北向分行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)，定植(zhi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)澆透(tou)水，定干高(gao)(gao)(gao)度(du)30cm～50cm。以(yi)(yi)培養三(san)大(da)主枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)開心(xin)(xin)形(xing)或(huo)(huo)多(duo)(duo)主枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)開心(xin)(xin)形(xing)為主，即(ji)在(zai)新(xin)(xin)梢(shao)長(chang)50cm～60cm時(shi)(shi)(shi)選定3個(ge)(ge)或(huo)(huo)多(duo)(duo)個(ge)(ge)方(fang)位(wei)合(he)(he)(he)理(li)，分布均勻的(de)(de)新(xin)(xin)梢(shao)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)摘心(xin)(xin)，其余疏(shu)(shu)刪。修(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)原則(ze)(ze)：大(da)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)少(shao)(shao)而精(jing)，小(xiao)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)多(duo)(duo)而勻，去(qu)(qu)直留斜(xie)。修(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)方(fang)法：大(da)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組要(yao)(yao)去(qu)(qu)強(qiang)留弱(ruo)，緩放結(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，徒長(chang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)過(guo)多(duo)(duo)的(de)(de)可從基部除(chu)(chu)去(qu)(qu)；中(zhong)(zhong)庸(yong)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組要(yao)(yao)縮(suo)剪(jian)先(xian)端強(qiang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，疏(shu)(shu)刪后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)部細(xi)(xi)弱(ruo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)；小(xiao)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組要(yao)(yao)注(zhu)意更新(xin)(xin)復(fu)壯(zhuang)，多(duo)(duo)留更新(xin)(xin)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，抽(chou)(chou)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)健(jian)(jian)壯(zhuang)新(xin)(xin)梢(shao)。休眠期(qi)(qi)修(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)（冬(dong)(dong)(dong)季修(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)）在(zai)11月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)落(luo)葉(xie)到翌年2月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)底前(qian)均可進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)期(qi)(qi)修(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)（夏(xia)季修(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)）抹芽：抹除(chu)(chu)樹(shu)冠內(nei)容易形(xing)成徒長(chang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)背上壯(zhuang)芽，剪(jian)口下(xia)的(de)(de)競爭芽及延長(chang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上的(de)(de)雙芽、三(san)芽。摘心(xin)(xin)：新(xin)(xin)梢(shao)長(chang)20cm～30cm時(shi)(shi)(shi)摘除(chu)(chu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)條(tiao)頂(ding)端的(de)(de)嫩梢(shao)，再次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)抽(chou)(chou)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)旺梢(shao)需(xu)不(bu)(bu)斷摘心(xin)(xin)或(huo)(huo)扭梢(shao)。扭梢(shao)：5月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)～6月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)旬(xun)(xun)新(xin)(xin)梢(shao)長(chang)15cm～20cm半(ban)木質(zhi)化時(shi)(shi)(shi)，將直立的(de)(de)徒長(chang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)或(huo)(huo)旺枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)扭曲呈(cheng)下(xia)垂生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)。拉(la)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)：5月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)～7月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)間(jian)對(dui)角度(du)小(xiao)、過(guo)于(yu)直立、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)旺的(de)(de)副(fu)主枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)或(huo)(huo)大(da)型枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)拉(la)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、壓(ya)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)或(huo)(huo)墜枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。結(jie)(jie)合(he)(he)(he)冬(dong)(dong)(dong)季修(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)疏(shu)(shu)除(chu)(chu)部分花芽，在(zai)現蕾期(qi)(qi)先(xian)疏(shu)(shu)去(qu)(qu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)弱(ruo)的(de)(de)花序，根(gen)(gen)據需(xu)要(yao)(yao)每隔(ge)5cm～10cm留1個(ge)(ge)花序，其余一(yi)(yi)律疏(shu)(shu)除(chu)(chu)。授(shou)粉條(tiao)件好(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)每個(ge)(ge)花序留一(yi)(yi)半(ban)左右(you)的(de)(de)邊花蕾，疏(shu)(shu)去(qu)(qu)中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)花蕾。疏(shu)(shu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)4月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)旬(xun)(xun)～5月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)上旬(xun)(xun)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。坐(zuo)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)率高(gao)(gao)(gao)年份早疏(shu)(shu)，否(fou)則(ze)(ze)晚疏(shu)(shu)。根(gen)(gen)據樹(shu)齡、樹(shu)勢、土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)水條(tiao)件、管(guan)(guan)理(li)水平來預估(gu)產(chan)(chan)量(liang)，一(yi)(yi)般每公(gong)頃(qing)產(chan)(chan)量(liang)控制在(zai)22500kg左右(you)，土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤條(tiao)件好(hao)(hao)、肥(fei)(fei)(fei)水充足、樹(shu)勢強(qiang)健(jian)(jian)、管(guan)(guan)理(li)水平高(gao)(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)多(duo)(duo)留，否(fou)則(ze)(ze)少(shao)(shao)留。套(tao)袋(dai)(dai)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)：在(zai)4月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)下(xia)旬(xun)(xun)～5月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)旬(xun)(xun)。果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)袋(dai)(dai)種(zhong)(zhong)類：根(gen)(gen)據不(bu)(bu)同品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)求，選用(yong)(yong)(yong)優質(zhi)雙層紙(zhi)袋(dai)(dai)、單層紙(zhi)袋(dai)(dai)和(he)(he)塑膜袋(dai)(dai)等(deng)。省力(li)化栽培果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)園可以(yi)(yi)不(bu)(bu)套(tao)袋(dai)(dai)。結(jie)(jie)合(he)(he)(he)秋施(shi)(shi)基肥(fei)(fei)(fei)，進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)全(quan)(quan)園翻耕(geng)(geng)，一(yi)(yi)般靠近主干處淺(qian)(qian)，株間(jian)、行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)間(jian)深(shen)(shen)(shen)，耕(geng)(geng)作(zuo)(zuo)深(shen)(shen)(shen)度(du)在(zai)20cm～40cm左右(you)，2月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)下(xia)旬(xun)(xun)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)中(zhong)(zhong)耕(geng)(geng)，夏(xia)秋旱季淺(qian)(qian)耕(geng)(geng)細(xi)(xi)作(zuo)(zuo)。行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)間(jian)套(tao)種(zhong)(zhong)豆類、綠肥(fei)(fei)(fei)等(deng)。成年樹(shu)全(quan)(quan)園清耕(geng)(geng)法與(yu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)草法管(guan)(guan)理(li)模式相結(jie)(jie)合(he)(he)(he)。9月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)～10月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)份施(shi)(shi)入，以(yi)(yi)商品(pin)(pin)(pin)有(you)機(ji)(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)、磷(lin)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)為主，施(shi)(shi)入挖好(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)深(shen)(shen)(shen)30cm～40cm的(de)(de)放射溝或(huo)(huo)環(huan)狀溝中(zhong)(zhong)，施(shi)(shi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)覆土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)。壯(zhuang)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)4月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)下(xia)旬(xun)(xun)每公(gong)頃(qing)施(shi)(shi)復(fu)合(he)(he)(he)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)（N：P：K＝15：15：15）420kg，硫(liu)酸鉀110kg。一(yi)(yi)周(zhou)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)再施(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)。采(cai)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)采(cai)收(shou)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)一(yi)(yi)周(zhou)內(nei)，每公(gong)頃(qing)施(shi)(shi)尿素150kg。根(gen)(gen)外(wai)追肥(fei)(fei)(fei)結(jie)(jie)合(he)(he)(he)病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)葉(xie)面噴施(shi)(shi)，特別(bie)在(zai)蕾期(qi)(qi)、幼果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)期(qi)(qi)、果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)膨大(da)期(qi)(qi)和(he)(he)采(cai)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)恢復(fu)期(qi)(qi)每個(ge)(ge)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)期(qi)(qi)噴2次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)～3次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)，肥(fei)(fei)(fei)料用(yong)(yong)(yong)有(you)機(ji)(ji)液肥(fei)(fei)(fei)、微(wei)量(liang)元素，速(su)效(xiao)(xiao)氮、磷(lin)、鉀等(deng)。灌(guan)溉(gai)時(shi)(shi)(shi)期(qi)(qi)：當(dang)梨樹(shu)發(fa)(fa)芽前(qian)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)到花期(qi)(qi)連(lian)續(xu)無雨(yu)(yu)達15天(tian)(tian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)、4月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)～5月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)新(xin)(xin)梢(shao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)和(he)(he)幼果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)膨大(da)期(qi)(qi)連(lian)續(xu)無雨(yu)(yu)10天(tian)(tian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)、6月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)～7月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)迅速(su)膨大(da)期(qi)(qi)連(lian)續(xu)無雨(yu)(yu)達7天(tian)(tian)～10天(tian)(tian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)即(ji)應及時(shi)(shi)(shi)灌(guan)水。灌(guan)溉(gai)方(fang)法：有(you)條(tiao)件的(de)(de)盡(jin)可能(neng)采(cai)取噴滴灌(guan)，也(ye)可采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)溝灌(guan)、澆灌(guan)等(deng)。排水：地(di)(di)勢低洼、易積水或(huo)(huo)地(di)(di)下(xia)水位(wei)較高(gao)(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)梨園，還須(xu)建立排水系(xi)統，確保降(jiang)雨(yu)(yu)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)30cm左右(you)深(shen)(shen)(shen)的(de)(de)排水溝中(zhong)(zhong)無隔(ge)夜積水,避免澇漬(zi)害(hai)。病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)害(hai)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治原則(ze)(ze)按照“預防(fang)(fang)(fang)為主、綜合(he)(he)(he)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治”的(de)(de)方(fang)針(zhen)，以(yi)(yi)農(nong)業防(fang)(fang)(fang)治為基礎(chu)，增強(qiang)樹(shu)體(ti)的(de)(de)抗逆能(neng)力(li)；根(gen)(gen)據病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)規(gui)律，因時(shi)(shi)(shi)、因地(di)(di)制宜合(he)(he)(he)理(li)運(yun)用(yong)(yong)(yong)化學防(fang)(fang)(fang)治、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治、物(wu)理(li)機(ji)(ji)械(xie)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治等(deng)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)，經濟、安全(quan)(quan)、有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)地(di)(di)控制病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)害(hai)。防(fang)(fang)(fang)治措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)嚴(yan)格執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)規(gui)定的(de)(de)植(zhi)物(wu)檢(jian)疫制度(du)，防(fang)(fang)(fang)止(zhi)檢(jian)疫性(xing)(xing)病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)蔓延、傳播。農(nong)業防(fang)(fang)(fang)治：合(he)(he)(he)理(li)修(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)及時(shi)(shi)(shi)清除(chu)(chu)病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)為害(hai)的(de)(de)枯枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、落(luo)葉(xie)，做(zuo)好(hao)(hao)冬(dong)(dong)(dong)季清園工作(zuo)(zuo)，減少(shao)(shao)病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)源。生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治：保護(hu)和(he)(he)利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)天(tian)(tian)敵(di)(di)，釋放寄生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)性(xing)(xing)捕食性(xing)(xing)天(tian)(tian)敵(di)(di)，發(fa)(fa)揮生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。物(wu)理(li)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治：利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)害(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)的(de)(de)趨光(guang)性(xing)(xing)及對(dui)某(mou)些(xie)物(wu)質(zhi)的(de)(de)趨性(xing)(xing)誘(you)殺，在(zai)成蟲(chong)(chong)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)期(qi)(qi)，田間(jian)掛(gua)誘(you)蟲(chong)(chong)燈(deng)或(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)誘(you)劑(ji)等(deng)誘(you)殺。化學防(fang)(fang)(fang)治：優先(xian)選用(yong)(yong)(yong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)源、礦物(wu)源農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)。注(zhu)意噴藥(yao)(yao)(yao)質(zhi)量(liang)，減少(shao)(shao)噴藥(yao)(yao)(yao)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)數。嚴(yan)禁使用(yong)(yong)(yong)劇毒、高(gao)(gao)(gao)毒、高(gao)(gao)(gao)殘(can)留或(huo)(huo)具有(you)“三(san)致”（致癌(ai)、致畸、致突(tu)變）的(de)(de)農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)及各種(zhong)(zhong)遺傳工程微(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)制劑(ji)。必須(xu)嚴(yan)格國(guo)(guo)家(jia)綠色食品(pin)(pin)(pin)A級標準(zhun)嚴(yan)格控制農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)量(liang)、使用(yong)(yong)(yong)濃度(du)、使用(yong)(yong)(yong)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)數及最(zui)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)施(shi)(shi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)距采(cai)收(shou)的(de)(de)間(jian)隔(ge)期(qi)(qi)。采(cai)收(shou)、分級、包裝(zhuang)、運(yun)輸(shu)、采(cai)收(shou)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)成熟后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)適(shi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)組織人員分期(qi)(qi)分批采(cai)收(shou)。采(cai)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)應盡(jin)快(kuai)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)分級，先(xian)剔(ti)除(chu)(chu)病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、畸形(xing)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、小(xiao)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)（未發(fa)(fa)育完全(quan)(quan)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)）、機(ji)(ji)械(xie)傷果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)和(he)(he)不(bu)(bu)符合(he)(he)(he)衛生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)指標的(de)(de)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)，按大(da)小(xiao)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)分級。包裝(zhuang)盒(he)上準(zhun)確標明產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)名稱、數量(liang)、產(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)、包裝(zhuang)日(ri)期(qi)(qi)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)單位(wei)、執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)標準(zhun)代號和(he)(he)儲運(yun)注(zhu)意事項等(deng)內(nei)容。果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)品(pin)(pin)(pin)應大(da)小(xiao)一(yi)(yi)致、排列整齊。貯(zhu)藏(zang)與(yu)運(yun)輸(shu)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)冷鏈貯(zhu)藏(zang)與(yu)運(yun)輸(shu)。