東山白沙枇杷呈(cheng)鵝黃(huang)色,果(guo)形扁圓,平均單果(guo)重(zhong)35克,肉厚皮薄易(yi)剝,果(guo)肉潔白晶瑩(ying),入口而化,甘甜微酸(suan)、風味濃郁,爽口不膩,汁(zhi)多(duo)核小、可食率高。品質優。
蘇州市吳(wu)中區(qu)東(dong)山鎮所轄渡(du)(du)口村、渡(du)(du)橋(qiao)村、吳(wu)巷(xiang)村、潦里村、新潦村、雙灣(wan)村、太湖村、莫(mo)厘村、碧螺(luo)村、楊灣(wan)村、陸巷(xiang)村、三山村、洞(dong)庭社(she)區(qu)共計13個行(xing)政村(社(she)區(qu))。地理坐(zuo)標為(wei)東(dong)經(jing)120°20′~120°27′,北緯31°00′~31°07′,種(zhong)植面(mian)積在1666公頃(qing)。
土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)地(di)(di)貌(mao)情況:蘇州東(dong)(dong)(dong)山(shan)地(di)(di)處長(chang)江中下游(you)太(tai)湖(hu)流域(yu)(yu)之濱,是太(tai)湖(hu)中的(de)(de)一座半(ban)島,被東(dong)(dong)(dong)山(shan)山(shan)脈分成(cheng)前山(shan)和后山(shan)兩(liang)部分,呈東(dong)(dong)(dong)北(bei)(bei)——西(xi)南(nan)(nan)走向(xiang),東(dong)(dong)(dong)北(bei)(bei)高、西(xi)南(nan)(nan)低。東(dong)(dong)(dong)山(shan)鎮(zhen)地(di)(di)貌(mao)主要為(wei)低山(shan)丘陵、山(shan)前平原(yuan)和濱湖(hu)灘地(di)(di)等(deng)類(lei)型,東(dong)(dong)(dong)山(shan)總面積(ji)96.55平方(fang)千(qian)米(mi),其(qi)中陸地(di)(di)面積(ji)50.5平方(fang)千(qian)米(mi),占(zhan)52.3%。栽(zai)培區(qu)(qu)域(yu)(yu)土(tu)(tu)層深(shen)厚、土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)肥沃(wo),以(yi)石質(zhi)黃(huang)土(tu)(tu)、深(shen)厚肥沃(wo)的(de)(de)沙土(tu)(tu)構(gou)成(cheng)山(shan)地(di)(di)、平原(yuan)果(guo)園土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang),養分充(chong)足,pH約為(wei)6.7,有機質(zhi)含(han)量3.65%,適宜(yi)果(guo)茶林生(sheng)長(chang)。水(shui)(shui)(shui)文情況:東(dong)(dong)(dong)山(shan)半(ban)島北(bei)(bei)、西(xi)、南(nan)(nan)三面環太(tai)湖(hu)水(shui)(shui)(shui),東(dong)(dong)(dong)山(shan)境(jing)內擁有大小37條河道(dao)。渡水(shui)(shui)(shui)港北(bei)(bei)起(qi)小北(bei)(bei)湖(hu)口,西(xi)南(nan)(nan)至(zhi)白浮門出太(tai)湖(hu),縱貫境(jing)域(yu)(yu),全(quan)(quan)長(chang)12千(qian)米(mi)。大缺港地(di)(di)處東(dong)(dong)(dong)山(shan)東(dong)(dong)(dong)北(bei)(bei),橫越東(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi),連(lian)接小北(bei)(bei)湖(hu)與(yu)東(dong)(dong)(dong)太(tai)湖(hu),隔岸即臨湖(hu)鎮(zhen),全(quan)(quan)長(chang)3千(qian)米(mi)。雕鶚河通(tong)渡水(shui)(shui)(shui)港,在擺渡口與(yu)大缺港交匯后入臨湖(hu)境(jing),與(yu)黃(huang)洋灣相接,全(quan)(quan)長(chang)3.5千(qian)米(mi)。栽(zai)培區(qu)(qu)域(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)澆灌水(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)均(jun)為(wei)天然雨(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)、太(tai)湖(hu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)。
氣(qi)候情況:東(dong)山(shan)地處北亞(ya)熱帶,具(ju)有明顯的(de)季風氣(qi)候特點(dian),又受太湖小氣(qi)候環境影響(xiang),日(ri)照(zhao)充足,年平(ping)均氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)16℃,平(ping)均濕度76%,溫(wen)(wen)暖濕潤,無霜期(qi)298天,年平(ping)均降雨量1139㎜,雨水充沛。
人文歷(li)史情況:東(dong)山鎮(zhen)是全(quan)(quan)(quan)國(guo)(guo)白(bai)(bai)沙類(lei)枇(pi)杷(pa)的(de)主(zhu)產(chan)區,是全(quan)(quan)(quan)國(guo)(guo)枇(pi)杷(pa)傳(chuan)統四大產(chan)區之一,也是全(quan)(quan)(quan)國(guo)(guo)枇(pi)杷(pa)栽(zai)培的(de)最北緣地區。東(dong)山鎮(zhen)環境優(you)越,種(zhong)(zhong)質(zhi)資源(yuan)豐富,在農戶(hu)長(chang)期(qi)精(jing)心(xin)栽(zai)培和自(zi)然條件影(ying)響下(xia),果(guo)(guo)茶(cha)(cha)間種(zhong)(zhong)分布(bu),形成了特殊(shu)的(de)果(guo)(guo)茶(cha)(cha)間種(zhong)(zhong)栽(zai)培模(mo)式(shi)并沿用至今。東(dong)山白(bai)(bai)沙枇(pi)杷(pa)栽(zai)培歷(li)史悠(you)久(jiu),各代白(bai)(bai)沙枇(pi)杷(pa)均是當地農民、科研人員精(jing)心(xin)選育和自(zi)然選擇的(de)結(jie)果(guo)(guo),先后(hou)有“金罐(guan)”、“銀罐(guan)”、“雞蛋(dan)白(bai)(bai)”、“照種(zhong)(zhong)”、“白(bai)(bai)玉(yu)”、“冠玉(yu)”等(deng)優(you)質(zhi)白(bai)(bai)沙品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)。農戶(hu)遵循著綠肥還(huan)田、有機循環的(de)生產(chan)方式(shi),將(jiang)間種(zhong)(zhong)的(de)茶(cha)(cha)樹修剪枝、園內雜草(cao)等(deng)覆(fu)于(yu)枇(pi)杷(pa)種(zhong)(zhong)植穴上(shang),同時開塘擴穴,將(jiang)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)首批種(zhong)(zhong)質(zhi)資源(yuan)保護區——湖羊所產(chan)羊糞腐(fu)熟后(hou)施用,使得土(tu)壤肥沃,枇(pi)杷(pa)樹生長(chang)旺盛,生產(chan)出來(lai)的(de)東(dong)山白(bai)(bai)沙枇(pi)杷(pa)深受(shou)市場歡(huan)迎,并形成了一定的(de)規模(mo),銷往江蘇、浙(zhe)江、上(shang)海、北京等(deng)全(quan)(quan)(quan)國(guo)(guo)各地,經濟(ji)效(xiao)益好,使得東(dong)山白(bai)(bai)沙枇(pi)杷(pa)成為東(dong)山鎮(zhen)第一大果(guo)(guo)品(pin)。
感觀(guan)特征:東(dong)山(shan)白(bai)沙枇(pi)杷呈鵝黃(huang)色(se)(se),果形扁圓,平均單果重35克(ke),肉厚皮薄易剝,果肉潔白(bai)晶瑩,入口而化(hua),甘甜(tian)微酸(suan)(suan)、風味(wei)濃郁(yu),爽口不膩(ni),汁多核小、可食(shi)(shi)率(lv)高。品(pin)質優。內在品(pin)質:東(dong)山(shan)白(bai)沙枇(pi)杷可溶性固(gu)形物13%~16%,總酸(suan)(suan)(以檸檬(meng)酸(suan)(suan)計)0.20%~0.35%,含(han)水率(lv)80%~90%,可食(shi)(shi)率(lv)70%~75%,維(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)素(su)C 110~150 mg/kg。安(an)全要求:東(dong)山(shan)白(bai)沙枇(pi)杷主(zhu)要產地環境(jing)(jing)符合綠(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)食(shi)(shi)品(pin)產地環境(jing)(jing)要求;產品(pin)也(ye)符合綠(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)食(shi)(shi)品(pin)的要求。GB3095-1996大(da)氣質量(liang)標準 GB 20287 農(nong)用(yong)微生(sheng)(sheng)物菌劑 GB4285-1989農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)安(an)全使(shi)用(yong)標準 GB 2763 食(shi)(shi)品(pin)安(an)全國(guo)家標準 食(shi)(shi)品(pin)中農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)最大(da)殘留限量(liang) GB/T 8321(所有(you)(you)(you)部分) 農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)合理使(shi)用(yong)準則(ze) GB 12475 農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)貯運、銷售和使(shi)用(yong)的防毒規程 NY/T 391 綠(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)食(shi)(shi)品(pin) 產地環境(jing)(jing)質量(liang) NY/T 1667(所有(you)(you)(you)部分) 農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)登(deng)記管(guan)理術(shu)語 NY/T 393-2013 《綠(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)食(shi)(shi)品(pin) 農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)使(shi)用(yong)準則(ze)》 NY/T 394-2013 《綠(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)食(shi)(shi)品(pin) 肥(fei)(fei)料使(shi)用(yong)準則(ze)》 NY 525 有(you)(you)(you)機肥(fei)(fei)料 NY/T 798 復合微生(sheng)(sheng)物肥(fei)(fei)料 NY 884 生(sheng)(sheng)物有(you)(you)(you)機肥(fei)(fei)。