東山白沙枇(pi)杷呈(cheng)鵝黃(huang)色,果(guo)形扁圓,平均單果(guo)重35克,肉厚皮薄易剝,果(guo)肉潔白晶瑩,入口而化(hua),甘甜微酸、風(feng)味濃郁,爽口不膩(ni),汁多核小(xiao)、可食率高(gao)。品(pin)質(zhi)優(you)。
蘇州市吳(wu)中區東(dong)(dong)山鎮所轄(xia)渡(du)口(kou)村(cun)(cun)(cun)、渡(du)橋村(cun)(cun)(cun)、吳(wu)巷村(cun)(cun)(cun)、潦里村(cun)(cun)(cun)、新潦村(cun)(cun)(cun)、雙灣村(cun)(cun)(cun)、太湖村(cun)(cun)(cun)、莫厘村(cun)(cun)(cun)、碧螺村(cun)(cun)(cun)、楊(yang)灣村(cun)(cun)(cun)、陸巷村(cun)(cun)(cun)、三山村(cun)(cun)(cun)、洞庭社(she)(she)區共(gong)計13個行政村(cun)(cun)(cun)(社(she)(she)區)。地理坐標(biao)為(wei)東(dong)(dong)經(jing)120°20′~120°27′,北緯31°00′~31°07′,種植面積(ji)在1666公頃。
土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)地(di)貌情況(kuang)(kuang):蘇州東(dong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)處(chu)長江(jiang)中下(xia)游太湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)流域(yu)(yu)之濱,是太湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)中的一(yi)座半島,被東(dong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)脈分(fen)(fen)成前山(shan)(shan)(shan)和后(hou)山(shan)(shan)(shan)兩部分(fen)(fen),呈東(dong)北(bei)——西南(nan)走向,東(dong)北(bei)高(gao)、西南(nan)低。東(dong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)鎮地(di)貌主要為(wei)低山(shan)(shan)(shan)丘陵、山(shan)(shan)(shan)前平(ping)原和濱湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)灘地(di)等類型,東(dong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)總面積96.55平(ping)方千米(mi),其中陸地(di)面積50.5平(ping)方千米(mi),占52.3%。栽培區(qu)域(yu)(yu)土(tu)(tu)層(ceng)深厚(hou)、土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)肥沃(wo),以石(shi)質黃(huang)土(tu)(tu)、深厚(hou)肥沃(wo)的沙土(tu)(tu)構成山(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)、平(ping)原果園土(tu)(tu)壤(rang),養分(fen)(fen)充足(zu),pH約為(wei)6.7,有(you)(you)機(ji)質含量3.65%,適宜果茶林(lin)生長。水(shui)文情況(kuang)(kuang):東(dong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)半島北(bei)、西、南(nan)三面環太湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)水(shui),東(dong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)境(jing)內(nei)擁有(you)(you)大(da)小(xiao)(xiao)37條河(he)道。渡水(shui)港北(bei)起小(xiao)(xiao)北(bei)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)口,西南(nan)至白(bai)浮門出太湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu),縱(zong)貫境(jing)域(yu)(yu),全(quan)(quan)長12千米(mi)。大(da)缺港地(di)處(chu)東(dong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)東(dong)北(bei),橫越東(dong)西,連接小(xiao)(xiao)北(bei)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)與東(dong)太湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu),隔岸即(ji)臨(lin)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)鎮,全(quan)(quan)長3千米(mi)。雕鶚河(he)通渡水(shui)港,在(zai)擺(bai)渡口與大(da)缺港交匯后(hou)入臨(lin)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)境(jing),與黃(huang)洋灣(wan)相接,全(quan)(quan)長3.5千米(mi)。栽培區(qu)域(yu)(yu)的澆灌水(shui)源均為(wei)天然(ran)雨水(shui)、太湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)水(shui)。
氣(qi)候(hou)情況:東山地處北亞熱(re)帶,具有(you)明顯的(de)季風氣(qi)候(hou)特(te)點(dian),又受太湖小氣(qi)候(hou)環境(jing)影響,日(ri)照(zhao)充足,年平均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)溫16℃,平均(jun)(jun)濕度76%,溫暖濕潤(run),無(wu)霜(shuang)期298天,年平均(jun)(jun)降雨量1139㎜,雨水充沛(pei)。
人文歷史情況:東山(shan)鎮(zhen)是(shi)(shi)全(quan)國(guo)白(bai)(bai)沙(sha)類枇(pi)(pi)杷(pa)(pa)的(de)主產(chan)區(qu),是(shi)(shi)全(quan)國(guo)枇(pi)(pi)杷(pa)(pa)傳統四大產(chan)區(qu)之(zhi)一,也是(shi)(shi)全(quan)國(guo)枇(pi)(pi)杷(pa)(pa)栽(zai)培(pei)的(de)最北緣地區(qu)。東山(shan)鎮(zhen)環(huan)境(jing)優(you)越,種(zhong)(zhong)質資源(yuan)豐富,在農(nong)戶長期(qi)精(jing)心栽(zai)培(pei)和(he)自(zi)然條件影響下,果(guo)茶間(jian)種(zhong)(zhong)分(fen)布(bu),形成了特殊的(de)果(guo)茶間(jian)種(zhong)(zhong)栽(zai)培(pei)模式(shi)并(bing)沿用(yong)至今(jin)。東山(shan)白(bai)(bai)沙(sha)枇(pi)(pi)杷(pa)(pa)栽(zai)培(pei)歷史悠久,各(ge)代白(bai)(bai)沙(sha)枇(pi)(pi)杷(pa)(pa)均是(shi)(shi)當地農(nong)民、科研人員精(jing)心選育和(he)自(zi)然選擇的(de)結果(guo),先后有(you)“金罐”、“銀罐”、“雞(ji)蛋白(bai)(bai)”、“照種(zhong)(zhong)”、“白(bai)(bai)玉”、“冠玉”等(deng)優(you)質白(bai)(bai)沙(sha)品種(zhong)(zhong)。農(nong)戶遵(zun)循著(zhu)綠肥還田、有(you)機循環(huan)的(de)生產(chan)方式(shi),將間(jian)種(zhong)(zhong)的(de)茶樹修剪枝、園內雜草(cao)等(deng)覆于枇(pi)(pi)杷(pa)(pa)種(zhong)(zhong)植穴(xue)上,同時(shi)開(kai)塘擴(kuo)穴(xue),將國(guo)家首(shou)批種(zhong)(zhong)質資源(yuan)保護區(qu)——湖羊(yang)所產(chan)羊(yang)糞(fen)腐熟后施用(yong),使得土(tu)壤肥沃(wo),枇(pi)(pi)杷(pa)(pa)樹生長旺盛,生產(chan)出來的(de)東山(shan)白(bai)(bai)沙(sha)枇(pi)(pi)杷(pa)(pa)深受市(shi)場歡迎,并(bing)形成了一定的(de)規模,銷往江蘇、浙江、上海、北京等(deng)全(quan)國(guo)各(ge)地,經(jing)濟效益好,使得東山(shan)白(bai)(bai)沙(sha)枇(pi)(pi)杷(pa)(pa)成為東山(shan)鎮(zhen)第一大果(guo)品。
感觀特征:東山(shan)白沙(sha)(sha)枇杷(pa)(pa)(pa)呈鵝黃色(se)(se)(se),果形扁圓,平均單果重(zhong)35克(ke),肉厚皮薄(bo)易(yi)剝,果肉潔(jie)白晶瑩(ying),入(ru)口而化,甘甜(tian)微酸(suan)、風味濃郁,爽口不膩(ni),汁多核小、可食(shi)率高。品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)優。內在(zai)品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi):東山(shan)白沙(sha)(sha)枇杷(pa)(pa)(pa)可溶(rong)性固形物13%~16%,總酸(suan)(以檸檬酸(suan)計)0.20%~0.35%,含(han)水率80%~90%,可食(shi)率70%~75%,維生素C 110~150 mg/kg。安(an)(an)全要(yao)求:東山(shan)白沙(sha)(sha)枇杷(pa)(pa)(pa)主要(yao)產地環(huan)境符合(he)綠(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)食(shi)品(pin)(pin)產地環(huan)境要(yao)求;產品(pin)(pin)也符合(he)綠(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)食(shi)品(pin)(pin)的(de)要(yao)求。GB3095-1996大(da)氣質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)標準(zhun) GB 20287 農(nong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)微生物菌劑(ji) GB4285-1989農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)安(an)(an)全使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)標準(zhun) GB 2763 食(shi)品(pin)(pin)安(an)(an)全國家標準(zhun) 食(shi)品(pin)(pin)中(zhong)農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)最大(da)殘留限(xian)量(liang) GB/T 8321(所有(you)部(bu)分) 農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)合(he)理使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)準(zhun)則 GB 12475 農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)貯運、銷售和使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)防毒(du)規程 NY/T 391 綠(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)食(shi)品(pin)(pin) 產地環(huan)境質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang) NY/T 1667(所有(you)部(bu)分) 農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)登記管理術語 NY/T 393-2013 《綠(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)食(shi)品(pin)(pin) 農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)準(zhun)則》 NY/T 394-2013 《綠(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)食(shi)品(pin)(pin) 肥料(liao)(liao)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)準(zhun)則》 NY 525 有(you)機肥料(liao)(liao) NY/T 798 復合(he)微生物肥料(liao)(liao) NY 884 生物有(you)機肥。