東(dong)山白(bai)沙枇(pi)杷呈鵝黃色,果(guo)形扁圓,平均單果(guo)重(zhong)35克,肉(rou)厚皮薄易剝,果(guo)肉(rou)潔白(bai)晶(jing)瑩,入(ru)口(kou)而化,甘甜微(wei)酸(suan)、風味濃郁,爽口(kou)不(bu)膩,汁(zhi)多核小、可食率(lv)高。品質優。
蘇州市吳中(zhong)區(qu)東山鎮所轄渡(du)口村(cun)(cun)(cun)、渡(du)橋村(cun)(cun)(cun)、吳巷(xiang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)、潦里村(cun)(cun)(cun)、新潦村(cun)(cun)(cun)、雙灣村(cun)(cun)(cun)、太(tai)湖村(cun)(cun)(cun)、莫厘村(cun)(cun)(cun)、碧螺村(cun)(cun)(cun)、楊灣村(cun)(cun)(cun)、陸巷(xiang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)、三山村(cun)(cun)(cun)、洞庭社(she)區(qu)共計13個行政村(cun)(cun)(cun)(社(she)區(qu))。地理坐標為東經120°20′~120°27′,北緯31°00′~31°07′,種植面(mian)積在1666公頃。
土(tu)壤(rang)地貌(mao)情(qing)況(kuang):蘇州東(dong)(dong)(dong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)地處長江(jiang)中(zhong)下(xia)游太(tai)(tai)湖(hu)(hu)流域之濱(bin),是太(tai)(tai)湖(hu)(hu)中(zhong)的一座半(ban)島,被東(dong)(dong)(dong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)脈(mo)分成前(qian)山(shan)(shan)(shan)和后山(shan)(shan)(shan)兩部分,呈東(dong)(dong)(dong)北(bei)(bei)——西(xi)(xi)南走向(xiang),東(dong)(dong)(dong)北(bei)(bei)高、西(xi)(xi)南低(di)。東(dong)(dong)(dong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)鎮(zhen)地貌(mao)主要為低(di)山(shan)(shan)(shan)丘(qiu)陵、山(shan)(shan)(shan)前(qian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)原(yuan)和濱(bin)湖(hu)(hu)灘地等類型(xing),東(dong)(dong)(dong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)總(zong)面積96.55平(ping)(ping)(ping)方千(qian)米,其中(zhong)陸地面積50.5平(ping)(ping)(ping)方千(qian)米,占52.3%。栽(zai)培區域土(tu)層(ceng)深厚、土(tu)壤(rang)肥沃,以石質黃(huang)土(tu)、深厚肥沃的沙土(tu)構成山(shan)(shan)(shan)地、平(ping)(ping)(ping)原(yuan)果園土(tu)壤(rang),養(yang)分充足(zu),pH約為6.7,有機質含(han)量3.65%,適(shi)宜果茶林生長。水(shui)文情(qing)況(kuang):東(dong)(dong)(dong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)半(ban)島北(bei)(bei)、西(xi)(xi)、南三(san)面環太(tai)(tai)湖(hu)(hu)水(shui),東(dong)(dong)(dong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)境(jing)內擁(yong)有大(da)小37條河道。渡水(shui)港(gang)(gang)北(bei)(bei)起小北(bei)(bei)湖(hu)(hu)口,西(xi)(xi)南至白(bai)浮門(men)出太(tai)(tai)湖(hu)(hu),縱貫境(jing)域,全(quan)長12千(qian)米。大(da)缺港(gang)(gang)地處東(dong)(dong)(dong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)東(dong)(dong)(dong)北(bei)(bei),橫越(yue)東(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi),連接(jie)小北(bei)(bei)湖(hu)(hu)與(yu)東(dong)(dong)(dong)太(tai)(tai)湖(hu)(hu),隔(ge)岸(an)即臨(lin)湖(hu)(hu)鎮(zhen),全(quan)長3千(qian)米。雕鶚(e)河通渡水(shui)港(gang)(gang),在擺(bai)渡口與(yu)大(da)缺港(gang)(gang)交匯后入臨(lin)湖(hu)(hu)境(jing),與(yu)黃(huang)洋灣(wan)相(xiang)接(jie),全(quan)長3.5千(qian)米。栽(zai)培區域的澆灌(guan)水(shui)源均為天然雨水(shui)、太(tai)(tai)湖(hu)(hu)水(shui)。
氣候情況:東山地(di)處(chu)北亞熱(re)帶,具有明(ming)顯的季風氣候特點,又受(shou)太(tai)湖小氣候環(huan)境影響,日照充足,年(nian)平(ping)均氣溫16℃,平(ping)均濕度76%,溫暖濕潤,無霜期298天(tian),年(nian)平(ping)均降(jiang)雨量1139㎜,雨水充沛(pei)。
人文(wen)歷(li)史情況:東(dong)(dong)山(shan)鎮是(shi)全(quan)(quan)國白(bai)(bai)沙類枇(pi)杷的主產(chan)區,是(shi)全(quan)(quan)國枇(pi)杷傳統(tong)四大(da)產(chan)區之一(yi),也是(shi)全(quan)(quan)國枇(pi)杷栽(zai)(zai)(zai)培的最北緣地區。東(dong)(dong)山(shan)鎮環境(jing)優(you)(you)越,種質資源豐富,在農戶(hu)長(chang)期精心栽(zai)(zai)(zai)培和(he)自然條件影響(xiang)下,果茶(cha)間(jian)(jian)種分布,形成了(le)(le)特殊的果茶(cha)間(jian)(jian)種栽(zai)(zai)(zai)培模式并沿(yan)用(yong)至(zhi)今。東(dong)(dong)山(shan)白(bai)(bai)沙枇(pi)杷栽(zai)(zai)(zai)培歷(li)史悠久,各代白(bai)(bai)沙枇(pi)杷均是(shi)當(dang)地農民(min)、科研人員精心選育和(he)自然選擇的結果,先(xian)后有“金罐(guan)”、“銀罐(guan)”、“雞蛋白(bai)(bai)”、“照種”、“白(bai)(bai)玉”、“冠玉”等優(you)(you)質白(bai)(bai)沙品種。農戶(hu)遵循著綠肥還田、有機循環的生產(chan)方式,將間(jian)(jian)種的茶(cha)樹修剪枝、園內雜(za)草(cao)等覆于枇(pi)杷種植穴上(shang),同時開塘擴(kuo)穴,將國家首(shou)批(pi)種質資源保護區——湖羊所(suo)產(chan)羊糞腐熟后施用(yong),使得土(tu)壤肥沃,枇(pi)杷樹生長(chang)旺(wang)盛,生產(chan)出(chu)來的東(dong)(dong)山(shan)白(bai)(bai)沙枇(pi)杷深受(shou)市場歡迎,并形成了(le)(le)一(yi)定的規(gui)模,銷(xiao)往江(jiang)蘇、浙江(jiang)、上(shang)海、北京(jing)等全(quan)(quan)國各地,經濟效益好,使得東(dong)(dong)山(shan)白(bai)(bai)沙枇(pi)杷成為東(dong)(dong)山(shan)鎮第一(yi)大(da)果品。
感觀特征:東山白(bai)沙枇(pi)杷呈(cheng)鵝(e)黃(huang)色(se),果(guo)形扁圓,平均單(dan)果(guo)重(zhong)35克,肉厚皮薄(bo)易(yi)剝,果(guo)肉潔(jie)白(bai)晶瑩(ying),入口(kou)(kou)而(er)化,甘甜(tian)微(wei)酸(suan)、風味濃郁,爽(shuang)口(kou)(kou)不膩,汁多核小(xiao)、可食(shi)率(lv)高。品(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)優。內(nei)在(zai)品(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi):東山白(bai)沙枇(pi)杷可溶性固形物(wu)(wu)13%~16%,總酸(suan)(以檸檬酸(suan)計)0.20%~0.35%,含水率(lv)80%~90%,可食(shi)率(lv)70%~75%,維生(sheng)(sheng)素C 110~150 mg/kg。安全(quan)要(yao)(yao)求:東山白(bai)沙枇(pi)杷主要(yao)(yao)產(chan)地(di)環(huan)境符(fu)合綠(lv)(lv)色(se)食(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)產(chan)地(di)環(huan)境要(yao)(yao)求;產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)也符(fu)合綠(lv)(lv)色(se)食(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)的要(yao)(yao)求。GB3095-1996大氣質(zhi)量標準(zhun) GB 20287 農(nong)用(yong)微(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)菌劑 GB4285-1989農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)安全(quan)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)標準(zhun) GB 2763 食(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)安全(quan)國家標準(zhun) 食(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)中農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)最大殘留限(xian)量 GB/T 8321(所有(you)部分) 農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)合理使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)準(zhun)則 GB 12475 農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)貯運(yun)、銷(xiao)售和(he)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)的防毒規程(cheng) NY/T 391 綠(lv)(lv)色(se)食(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin) 產(chan)地(di)環(huan)境質(zhi)量 NY/T 1667(所有(you)部分) 農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)登記(ji)管理術語 NY/T 393-2013 《綠(lv)(lv)色(se)食(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin) 農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)準(zhun)則》 NY/T 394-2013 《綠(lv)(lv)色(se)食(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin) 肥料使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)準(zhun)則》 NY 525 有(you)機肥料 NY/T 798 復合微(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)肥料 NY 884 生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)有(you)機肥。