定(ding)安鵝(e)因產自海南省定(ding)安縣,以一年四(si)季都能產蛋、自孵而得名。定(ding)安四(si)季鵝(e)適應性好、抗病力強(qiang)、體型大、增重快(kuai),覓食(shi)力強(qiang),消(xiao)化(hua)率高,能充(chong)分利用野草(cao)、秸稈(gan)、遺落稻穗(sui),甚(shen)至深(shen)埋(mai)污(wu)泥中的(de)草(cao)根、塊莖等(deng),飼養(yang)耗糧少,成本低,年產蛋量高,肉(rou)質(zhi)好,深(shen)受百姓歡(huan)迎,是(shi)定(ding)安農(nong)家的(de)當(dang)家家禽品種。
定安鵝的特點(dian)是體型中等,外貌清秀,體態(tai)呈(cheng)橢圓形(xing)。喙(hui)長(chang)。虹彩黃(huang)(huang)褐色。頸較細長(chang),稍呈(cheng)弓形(xing),后(hou)軀發達。產蛋期腹下單褶或(huo)雙褶,垂皮明顯。通常鵝群分兩大類(lei)型:羽毛(mao)全(quan)白,喙(hui)橘(ju)黃(huang)(huang)色,跖、蹼、趾橙黃(huang)(huang)色頸羽、翼羽、尾羽灰褐色,腹下乳白色。
1、生長(chang)速度與產肉性能
平(ping)均(jun)體重:初生95克(ke);30日(ri)(ri)齡(ling)(ling)(ling)1110克(ke);60日(ri)(ri)齡(ling)(ling)(ling)2750克(ke);90日(ri)(ri)齡(ling)(ling)(ling)3830克(ke);120日(ri)(ri)齡(ling)(ling)(ling)4060克(ke);成年(nian)(nian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)母(mu)鵝(e)分別(bie)為5240克(ke)、4410克(ke)。仔鵝(e),35日(ri)(ri)齡(ling)(ling)(ling)時開(kai)始長粗(cu)毛,45日(ri)(ri)齡(ling)(ling)(ling)時腹、翼、尾部長出粗(cu)羽(yu),60日(ri)(ri)齡(ling)(ling)(ling)時長主翼羽(yu),75~80日(ri)(ri)齡(ling)(ling)(ling)長齊翅羽(yu)。90日(ri)(ri)齡(ling)(ling)(ling)公(gong)(gong)(gong)鵝(e)平(ping)均(jun)半凈膛(tang)(tang)屠(tu)(tu)宰率(lv)81.94%,母(mu)鵝(e)83.48%;90日(ri)(ri)齡(ling)(ling)(ling)公(gong)(gong)(gong)鵝(e)平(ping)均(jun)全(quan)(quan)凈膛(tang)(tang)屠(tu)(tu)宰率(lv)74.09%,母(mu)鵝(e)76.58%。成年(nian)(nian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)鵝(e)平(ping)均(jun)半凈膛(tang)(tang)屠(tu)(tu)宰率(lv)86.16%,母(mu)鵝(e)87.46%;成年(nian)(nian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)鵝(e)平(ping)均(jun)全(quan)(quan)凈膛(tang)(tang)屠(tu)(tu)宰率(lv)79.69%,母(mu)鵝(e)79.11%。
2、產蛋性能與繁殖(zhi)性能
母(mu)鵝平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)開產(chan)日齡185天(最早的為(wei)162天)。每年(nian)(nian)從9~10月產(chan)蛋(dan)開始(shi)至翌年(nian)(nian)3~4月結束,年(nian)(nian)產(chan)蛋(dan)2~4窩,平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)年(nian)(nian)產(chan)蛋(dan)37枚(mei),平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)蛋(dan)重160克。平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)蛋(dan)殼厚(hou)度0.42毫米(mi),平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)蛋(dan)形指數1.38。蛋(dan)殼乳白色。公(gong)鵝性(xing)成熟期(qi)140~160天,適宜配種年(nian)(nian)齡在200天以上。公(gong)母(mu)鵝配種比例1:(4~5)。平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)種蛋(dan)受(shou)精率84.2%,平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)受(shou)精蛋(dan)孵化率94.4%。母(mu)鵝就(jiu)巢性(xing)強(qiang),有97%的母(mu)鵝有就(jiu)巢性(xing),年(nian)(nian)就(jiu)巢2~3次。公(gong)鵝利用(yong)年(nian)(nian)限4~6年(nian)(nian),母(mu)鵝6~8年(nian)(nian)。