豆湯(tang)面(mian)(Doutang Noodles),是(shi)(shi)四川(chuan)川(chuan)南地區著名的(de)特色傳統小吃,始(shi)于(yu)清末敘(xu)永(yong),創始(shi)人范昆云(yun)(1868-1943)。豆湯(tang)面(mian)有較強地域性,主要面(mian)源為加堿細面(mian)、寬面(mian)、二葉子、搭搭面(mian),風味獨(du)特,平(ping)民消費(fei),接受面(mian)強。豆湯(tang)面(mian)是(shi)(shi)敘(xu)永(yong)人上午的(de)主要食品(pin),是(shi)(shi)下午晚上的(de)充(chong)饑小吃,也是(shi)(shi)敘(xu)永(yong)在世界各(ge)地游子最為懷念的(de)家鄉美食。
清朝宣(xuan)統(tong)年間,范(fan)(fan)昆云上午賣(mai)搭搭面(mian)(mian),下午賣(mai)豆(dou)湯面(mian)(mian)。到民國1926年,把豆(dou)湯面(mian)(mian)的烹制技術傳給(gei)了(le)兒子范(fan)(fan)紹岑(又名范(fan)(fan)春)(1908-1975)。1927年,范(fan)(fan)春自立(li)門戶,在揚(yang)武坊百貨大樓處開設(she)面(mian)(mian)館(guan),主(zhu)要經營豆(dou)湯面(mian)(mian),前店后住家(jia),約200多平方米。二十世紀九十年代,搭搭面(mian)(mian)只剩原來老糧食(shi)局(ju)旁邊那家(jia)一枝獨秀,而豆(dou)湯面(mian)(mian)則遍地開花。
敘永(yong)豆湯(tang)面(mian)始于清朝(chao)末年,是川(chuan)南著名小吃。豆湯(tang)面(mian)有較強(qiang)地域(yu)性(xing),主要(yao)面(mian)源為(wei)加堿細面(mian)、寬面(mian)、二(er)葉子、塔塔面(mian),風味獨特(te),平民消費,接受(shou)面(mian)強(qiang)。豆湯(tang)面(mian)是敘永(yong)人(ren)早餐的主要(yao)食(shi)品,也是晚上宵夜的充饑小吃。更是敘永(yong)在國(guo)內外游子最為(wei)懷念的家(jia)鄉美食(shi),還是外地人(ren)到了(le)敘永(yong)不得(de)不嘗的地方名吃,有“不吃豆湯(tang)面(mian),枉自(zi)到敘永(yong)”一說。味道特(te)點為(wei)味鮮(xian),利湯(tang)爽口,大(da)白豌豆顆粒如(ru)珠,粉味十足,味美悠(you)長。
主要原(yuan)料(liao):面(mian)(mian)粉,用(yong)人工制(zhi)成(cheng)面(mian)(mian)條,配料(liao)選用(yong)上(shang)(shang)等大白豌豆,用(yong)冷水(shui)泡透(tou)用(yong)中火燉(dun)粑(ba)不脫殼,肉(rou)末用(yong)鮮豬(zhu)肉(rou)肥瘦切(qie)成(cheng)小可粒,加甜醬炒香(xiang)成(cheng)脆(cui)紹(shao),加湯(tang)(tang)回軟。面(mian)(mian)湯(tang)(tang)用(yong)豬(zhu)大骨熬制(zhi)而成(cheng)。面(mian)(mian)條下(xia)鍋用(yong)開(kai)水(shui)煮飄鍋,熟后起鍋裝入湯(tang)(tang)碗(wan),舀一勺(shao)肉(rou)末蓋面(mian)(mian)上(shang)(shang),再舀一勺(shao)粑(ba)豌豆蓋紹(shao)面(mian)(mian)上(shang)(shang),敘永豆湯(tang)(tang)端上(shang)(shang)桌(zhuo)是不放(fang)(fang)太(tai)多鹽,不放(fang)(fang)海椒,不放(fang)(fang)醋(cu)的,清淡可口,適合各種口味(wei)人群,老少皆宜。餐桌(zhuo)上(shang)(shang)需配海椒面(mian)(mian)、糊(hu)海椒面(mian)(mian)、麩醋(cu)、豆油(you)、鹽、味(wei)精(jing)、跳水(shui)泡菜,客人根據自己口味(wei)再調和。味(wei)道特點為味(wei)鮮,利湯(tang)(tang)爽(shuang)口,大白豌豆顆粒如珠(zhu),粉味(wei)十足,味(wei)美(mei)悠長。
五十(shi)年代,西大街(jie)“飯包(bao)包(bao)”、南(nan)大街(jie)溫三(san)娘、許啟(qi)運、沈(shen)翰鏞的(de)“翰鏞村”小白京豆(dou)(dou)湯面,南(nan)大街(jie)王(wang)奧(ao)舟等豆(dou)(dou)湯面可謂貨真價(jia)實。敘永上(shang)百家面館,豆(dou)(dou)湯面各有(you)(you)(you)(you)特色,有(you)(you)(you)(you)黃豌豆(dou)(dou)燉特粑(pa1,軟)的(de),有(you)(you)(you)(you)不粑的(de),有(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)綠豌豆(dou)(dou)的(de),有(you)(you)(you)(you)三(san)線(xian)肉臊子的(de),有(you)(you)(you)(you)油(you)渣臊子的(de),都(dou)是敘永對(dui)美(mei)(mei)食的(de)追求、對(dui)美(mei)(mei)好(hao)生(sheng)活(huo)向往的(de)結晶。
沈(shen)先生(sheng)將正宗豆(dou)(dou)湯秘訣精簡為“一是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)豆(dou)(dou)、二是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)湯、三是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)面(mian)(mian)(mian)、四是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)臊(sao)子(zi)(zi)、五是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)‘底板(ban)’”。所謂“一是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)豆(dou)(dou)”:是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)需要(yao)(yao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)上(shang)好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)黃豌(wan)豆(dou)(dou)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)溫水(shui)(shui)浸(jin)泡后(hou)放入砂鍋(guo)微火慢慢燉,待(dai)豌(wan)豆(dou)(dou)燉得外圓金(jin)黃,里面(mian)(mian)(mian)粉味十足方(fang)可備用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。“二是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)湯”:湯是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)豬的(de)(de)(de)大腿(tui)骨劈(pi)開燉熬而(er)成,那骨油(you)(you)熬出來的(de)(de)(de)湯,油(you)(you)珠顆大,香(xiang)味誘(you)人。“三是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)面(mian)(mian)(mian)”:面(mian)(mian)(mian)要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)上(shang)好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)葉子(zi)(zi)面(mian)(mian)(mian)。所謂上(shang)好(hao)就是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)面(mian)(mian)(mian)要(yao)(yao)有彈力,土話叫有“筋絲”,要(yao)(yao)既細而(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)斷,又(you)要(yao)(yao)下(xia)鍋(guo)煮(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)而(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)爛,還要(yao)(yao)使(shi)煮(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)水(shui)(shui)清(qing)亮不(bu)(bu)(bu)渾濁。“四是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)臊(sao)子(zi)(zi)”:需要(yao)(yao)上(shang)好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)“五花(hua)肉”用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)機(ji)器碾(nian)碎,放些(xie)鹽腌一下(xia),再放點花(hua)椒,姜(jiang)末兒、鹽在鍋(guo)里翻炒,炒到黏黏的(de)(de)(de)、油(you)(you)油(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)即(ji)成臊(sao)子(zi)(zi)。“五是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)‘底板(ban)’”:這是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)關鍵的(de)(de)(de)一道工(gong)序(xu)。即(ji)在盛豆(dou)(dou)湯面(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)碗(wan)中先放好(hao)適量的(de)(de)(de)醬油(you)(you)、胡椒、味精、蔥(cong)花(hua)、姜(jiang)末兒、豬油(you)(you)和一勺滾(gun)燙的(de)(de)(de)大骨湯。以(yi)上(shang)這些(xie)功夫做足還不(bu)(bu)(bu)夠,這煮(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)也有講(jiang)究——必須寬、清(qing)、開,這樣煮(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)出來的(de)(de)(de)豆(dou)(dou)湯面(mian)(mian)(mian)才(cai)香(xiang)、鮮、爽(shuang)口。
到(dao)(dao)敘永任一面(mian)(mian)(mian)館,對老板或跑堂(tang)的(de)喊一聲(sheng)“二兩(liang)豆(dou)(dou)湯(tang)(tang)(tang)”,也(ye)可以“三兩(liang)豆(dou)(dou)湯(tang)(tang)(tang)”、“半斤豆(dou)(dou)湯(tang)(tang)(tang)”,不要說“面(mian)(mian)(mian)”字,這樣節約金口(kou)(kou)也(ye)更像敘永本地(di)人,然后(hou)到(dao)(dao)泡(pao)(pao)水(shui)菜壇壇那(nei)拿個碟拈跳(tiao)水(shui)泡(pao)(pao)菜適量,上面(mian)(mian)(mian)可滴些紅油(you),放到(dao)(dao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)前等面(mian)(mian)(mian)到(dao)(dao)一起吃;面(mian)(mian)(mian)到(dao)(dao),可以先喝(he)上一口(kou)(kou)面(mian)(mian)(mian)湯(tang)(tang)(tang),聞一聞那(nei)撲(pu)鼻的(de)香氣,嘗(chang)一嘗(chang)那(nei)細(xi)膩清淡的(de)味道,再(zai)用(yong)竹筷(kuai)挑起鮮(xian)爽滑順的(de)面(mian)(mian)(mian)條送入口(kou)(kou)中,面(mian)(mian)(mian)條入口(kou)(kou)時給人以最(zui)完(wan)美的(de)享受;桌上的(de)調(diao)料可根據自己(ji)口(kou)(kou)味自己(ji)調(diao)整(zheng);吃完(wan)面(mian)(mian)(mian),再(zai)用(yong)筷(kuai)子將(jiang)沉(chen)在碗底的(de)湯(tang)(tang)(tang)、豌(wan)(wan)豆(dou)(dou)和(he)肉末兒(er)攪勻;慢(man)慢(man)喝(he)下(xia),咀嚼豌(wan)(wan)豆(dou)(dou)和(he)臊子,再(zai)喝(he)上幾(ji)口(kou)(kou)湯(tang)(tang)(tang),陶醉于色(se)香味的(de)世界;最(zui)后(hou)要記得(de)付錢。