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品種來源

簡(jian)陽(yang)(yang)晚(wan)白桃(tao)是在20世(shi)(shi)紀50年(nian)代中期(qi)，由上海(hai)水蜜(mi)桃(tao)中熟(shu)種(zhong)芽變(bian)而來。在20世(shi)(shi)紀30年(nian)代的抗日(ri)戰爭初(chu)期(qi)，中國(guo)著名果樹(shu)專家(jia)章文(wen)才教授隨金陵大(da)學(xue)內(nei)遷入四川(chuan)大(da)學(xue)農學(xue)系，把(ba)上海(hai)水蜜(mi)桃(tao)從南京(jing)引(yin)入簡(jian)陽(yang)(yang)市(shi)(shi)園(yuan)藝(yi)(yi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)（簡(jian)陽(yang)(yang)市(shi)(shi)園(yuan)藝(yi)(yi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)原為(wei)(wei)川(chuan)大(da)農學(xue)系園(yuan)藝(yi)(yi)實驗站(zhan)），最初(chu)定(ding)植在簡(jian)陽(yang)(yang)市(shi)(shi)園(yuan)藝(yi)(yi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)龍(long)泉(quan)驛長松寺分場(chang)(chang)(chang)（柏合(he)鎮長積(ji)村(cun)）。在20世(shi)(shi)紀50年(nian)代中后期(qi)簡(jian)陽(yang)(yang)市(shi)(shi)園(yuan)藝(yi)(yi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)場(chang)(chang)(chang)長葛文(wen)斌從引(yin)進(jin)的材料中發(fa)現變(bian)異(yi)株(zhu)系，并(bing)在20世(shi)(shi)紀60年(nian)代引(yin)回(hui)簡(jian)陽(yang)(yang)市(shi)(shi)園(yuan)藝(yi)(yi)總(zong)場(chang)(chang)(chang)（簡(jian)陽(yang)(yang)東溪鎮）作進(jin)一步觀察分析(xi)，經多(duo)年(nian)觀察發(fa)現該(gai)變(bian)異(yi)株(zhu)具有晚(wan)熟(shu)特性，肉質(zhi)(zhi)白嫩，綜合(he)性質(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)優，取名晚(wan)白桃(tao)。龍(long)泉(quan)、資中、樂(le)至、內(nei)江、長寧(ning)、貴州等地引(yin)種(zhong)栽植，表明簡(jian)陽(yang)(yang)晚(wan)白桃(tao)豐產性、穩(wen)產性強，果大(da)質(zhi)(zhi)優，遺傳(chuan)性狀穩(wen)定(ding)，適應性廣，抗旱(han)耐瘠等特點。國(guo)內(nei)外專家(jia)多(duo)次到簡(jian)陽(yang)(yang)進(jin)行鑒定(ding)，都認(ren)為(wei)(wei)該(gai)桃(tao)為(wei)(wei)優良(liang)晚(wan)熟(shu)桃(tao)品(pin)種(zhong)，品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)優于(yu)其他(ta)品(pin)種(zhong)，是南方品(pin)種(zhong)群(qun)珍稀晚(wan)熟(shu)品(pin)種(zhong)，適宜規模(mo)化發(fa)展。

品種特性

簡陽晚白桃適應性極強，抗旱、耐瘠薄，豐產性和穩產性好，盛果期最高畝產2500kg，200g以上大果占總產量70-80%。其果實較大、整齊度高，平均果重250g以上，最大果重600g，果實香甜可口，軟溶質，多汁化渣，風味濃郁。8月上中旬成熟，此時市場優質桃極少，競爭力強，以“早結、豐產、晚熟、果大、質優”著稱。

自然(ran)生態環(huan)境(jing)和(he)人文歷史因素

（1）土(tu)壤地貌情況(kuang)：簡陽晚白桃主要(yao)分(fen)布在簡陽市西北轄區，海(hai)拔400－1059m，位于龍泉山(shan)脈(mo)中(zhong)段地帶，產區土(tu)壤主要(yao)為黃壤土(tu)或(huo)砂壤土(tu)，pH值為5.5－7.5，土(tu)壤排水好、透(tou)氣性強(qiang)，適(shi)宜(yi)晚白桃生長需要(yao)，且(qie)使得晚白桃進入結果期早。

（2）水(shui)文情況(kuang)：簡(jian)陽(yang)市境內河流(liu)(liu)水(shui)系發(fa)達(da)，地表水(shui)資源豐富。流(liu)(liu)域面(mian)積(ji)在(zai)6平方(fang)公里以(yi)上的中(zhong)小(xiao)河流(liu)(liu)36條，流(liu)(liu)域面(mian)積(ji)在(zai)50平方(fang)公里以(yi)上的河流(liu)(liu)有(you)12條，其中(zhong)沱江是(shi)簡(jian)陽(yang)最大的過(guo)境河流(liu)(liu)，系長江Ι級(ji)支流(liu)(liu)。在(zai)簡(jian)境內有(you)大、中(zhong)、小(xiao)型水(shui)庫85處(chu)。

（3）氣(qi)(qi)候情況：簡陽晚(wan)白桃產區(qu)屬(shu)亞熱帶濕(shi)潤(run)氣(qi)(qi)候區(qu)，年(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)17.1℃，最熱為(wei)7月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)，平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)26.5℃，最冷為(wei)元月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)，平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)6.3℃，穩(wen)定通過10℃的積溫(wen)為(wei)5421℃，自(zi)3月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)11日至(zhi)11月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)23日，歷時(shi)259天，4—8月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)地面(mian)（0cm）溫(wen)度(du)比氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)高3—4℃。無霜期300天。年(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)降雨量882.9mm。空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)相對濕(shi)度(du)年(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)77%，累年(nian)各月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)相對濕(shi)度(du)在(zai)70—85%之間。全年(nian)日照(zhao)(zhao)時(shi)數(shu)1250.9h，日照(zhao)(zhao)百(bai)分率為(wei)28%，全年(nian)中，3月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)中旬(xun)起至(zhi)9月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)上旬(xun)止，旬(xun)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)日照(zhao)(zhao)數(shu)穩(wen)定在(zai)30h以上，7月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)中旬(xun)到8月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)中旬(xun)，平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)日照(zhao)(zhao)數(shu)高達60.5h，為(wei)全年(nian)日照(zhao)(zhao)最佳時(shi)期，對提高晚(wan)白桃產量和品(pin)質(zhi)非常(chang)有利。

（4）人文歷史(shi)情況：簡(jian)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)晚(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)白桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)是(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)50年(nian)(nian)代(dai)中(zhong)(zhong)期，由上(shang)海(hai)(hai)水(shui)蜜桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)中(zhong)(zhong)熟種(zhong)(zhong)芽變而來。在(zai)(zai)(zai)抗(kang)日戰爭初期，我國(guo)(guo)著(zhu)(zhu)名(ming)果樹專(zhuan)(zhuan)家(jia)(jia)(jia)章文才教(jiao)授，隨金陵(ling)大(da)學(xue)內遷入四川(chuan)(chuan)大(da)學(xue)農(nong)(nong)學(xue)系(xi)，把(ba)上(shang)海(hai)(hai)水(shui)蜜桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)從(cong)(cong)南京引入簡(jian)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)市(shi)園藝(yi)場(chang)(chang)（簡(jian)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)市(shi)園藝(yi)場(chang)(chang)原為(wei)(wei)川(chuan)(chuan)大(da)農(nong)(nong)學(xue)系(xi)園藝(yi)實驗站(zhan)），最(zui)初定(ding)(ding)植(zhi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)簡(jian)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)市(shi)園藝(yi)場(chang)(chang)龍泉驛長松寺分場(chang)(chang)（龍泉驛區(qu)柏(bo)合鎮(zhen)長松村）。在(zai)(zai)(zai)50年(nian)(nian)代(dai)中(zhong)(zhong)后期簡(jian)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)市(shi)園藝(yi)場(chang)(chang)場(chang)(chang)長葛文斌(bin)從(cong)(cong)引進的材料中(zhong)(zhong)發(fa)(fa)(fa)現(xian)(xian)(xian)變異株(zhu)系(xi)，并在(zai)(zai)(zai)60年(nian)(nian)代(dai)引回(hui)簡(jian)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)市(shi)園藝(yi)總場(chang)(chang)（簡(jian)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)市(shi)東溪鎮(zhen)）作(zuo)(zuo)近(jin)一步(bu)觀察分析。經多(duo)年(nian)(nian)觀察發(fa)(fa)(fa)現(xian)(xian)(xian)該(gai)變異株(zhu)具有晚(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)熟特性(xing)(xing)(xing)，且(qie)肉質(zhi)(zhi)白嫩，綜合性(xing)(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)優，并取名(ming)為(wei)(wei)晚(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)白桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)。簡(jian)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)晚(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)白桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)具有豐產(chan)(chan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)、穩(wen)產(chan)(chan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)強(qiang)(qiang)，果大(da)質(zhi)(zhi)優，遺傳(chuan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)穩(wen)定(ding)(ding)，適應性(xing)(xing)(xing)廣，抗(kang)旱耐瘠(ji)等特點。國(guo)(guo)內外專(zhuan)(zhuan)家(jia)(jia)(jia)多(duo)次到簡(jian)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)進行鑒定(ding)(ding)，都一致(zhi)認定(ding)(ding)該(gai)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)為(wei)(wei)優良晚(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)熟桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)，是(shi)(shi)南方品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)群珍稀(xi)晚(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)熟品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)，適宜規(gui)模化發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)。簡(jian)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)晚(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)白桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)適應性(xing)(xing)(xing)極強(qiang)(qiang)，抗(kang)旱、耐瘠(ji)薄，豐產(chan)(chan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)穩(wen)產(chan)(chan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)好，盛(sheng)果期畝產(chan)(chan)2500kg以(yi)上(shang)，其果實較大(da)、整齊度高，平均果重(zhong)250g，最(zui)大(da)果重(zhong)600g。果實香甜可口，軟溶(rong)質(zhi)(zhi)，多(duo)汁化渣，風味(wei)濃郁。8月上(shang)中(zhong)(zhong)旬(xun)成熟，此時市(shi)場(chang)(chang)優質(zhi)(zhi)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)極少，競爭力(li)強(qiang)(qiang)。因此簡(jian)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)晚(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)白桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)以(yi)“早結、豐產(chan)(chan)、晚(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)熟、果大(da)、質(zhi)(zhi)優”著(zhu)(zhu)稱(cheng)。 1996年(nian)(nian)，簡(jian)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)晚(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)白桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)獲(huo)“四川(chuan)(chuan)優質(zhi)(zhi)果品(pin)“稱(cheng)號(hao)，1999年(nian)(nian)獲(huo)“昆明世界(jie)園藝(yi)博覽會”銀獎，2003年(nian)(nian)通過四川(chuan)(chuan)省品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)審(shen)定(ding)(ding)委(wei)員會審(shen)定(ding)(ding)，正式命名(ming)為(wei)(wei)簡(jian)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)晚(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)白桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)，并頒布(bu)實施《簡(jian)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)晚(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)白桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)無公害體(ti)系(xi)標(biao)準》地(di)方標(biao)準。2006年(nian)(nian)經中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)食品(pin)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)協(xie)會花卉食品(pin)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)委(wei)員會專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)組評審(shen)并通過，簡(jian)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)市(shi)被譽名(ming)為(wei)(wei)“中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)晚(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)白桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)之鄉”。目前，簡(jian)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)晚(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)白桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)內種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)面積已達5萬畝，投產(chan)(chan)面積2萬畝，其中(zhong)(zhong)周家(jia)(jia)(jia)鄉為(wei)(wei)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)級標(biao)準化示范區(qu)，約(yue)有3000余畝。在(zai)(zai)(zai)簡(jian)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)的桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)進程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)，市(shi)委(wei)市(shi)府根據簡(jian)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)的實際，通過宣(xuan)傳(chuan)發(fa)(fa)(fa)動及(ji)出(chu)臺一系(xi)列扶持(chi)政(zheng)策(ce)，確定(ding)(ding)了以(yi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)簡(jian)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)晚(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)白桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)為(wei)(wei)代(dai)表的水(shui)蜜桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)，作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)(wei)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)，大(da)力(li)調整農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)結構、加快新農(nong)(nong)村建設的支稱(cheng)和(he)形象產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)，使全(quan)市(shi)的水(shui)蜜桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)生產(chan)(chan)得以(yi)可持(chi)續發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)，到2018年(nian)(nian)簡(jian)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)晚(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)白桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)單一品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)達到12萬畝。

榮譽認證

1996年(nian)，簡(jian)陽晚白(bai)桃(tao)獲(huo)“四(si)川優質果品(pin)(pin)”稱(cheng)號(hao)，1999年(nian)獲(huo)“昆明世界園藝博覽會”銀(yin)獎，2003年(nian)通過四(si)川省品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)審(shen)定委員會審(shen)定，正(zheng)式命(ming)名為簡(jian)陽晚白(bai)桃(tao)，并(bing)頒(ban)布實施《簡(jian)陽晚白(bai)桃(tao)無公害體(ti)系標(biao)準(zhun)》地(di)方標(biao)準(zhun)，四(si)川省農業廳將(jiang)其(qi)確(que)定為全省水果主要推廣(guang)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)之一(yi)。2006年(nian)經中國食(shi)品(pin)(pin)工業協會花卉(hui)食(shi)品(pin)(pin)專(zhuan)業委員會專(zhuan)業組(zu)評審(shen)并(bing)通過，簡(jian)陽市被正(zheng)式譽為“中國晚白(bai)桃(tao)之鄉”稱(cheng)號(hao)。2010年(nian)獲(huo)國家農產品(pin)(pin)地(di)理標(biao)志認證。

生產情況

簡陽市(shi)將晚白桃作為主導支(zhi)撐產(chan)業(ye)(ye)，2010年起(qi)，將核心示范(fan)區建(jian)設(she)作為現代農業(ye)(ye)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)基地建(jian)設(she)的著力點(dian)和(he)突破口，通過(guo)改善基礎設(she)施條件(jian)（路、渠、塘(tang)、堰、大棚等），加(jia)強新技術培(pei)訓和(he)推廣應(ying)用，提高(gao)種植業(ye)(ye)水平，實(shi)行(xing)規模化(hua)、規范(fan)化(hua)發展。集中(zhong)力量(liang)在產(chan)業(ye)(ye)基礎好、群(qun)眾積極性(xing)高(gao)、示范(fan)帶(dai)動明顯、沿交通干線的地方打造核心示范(fan)區，以(yi)此(ci)來領跑(pao)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)，推動產(chan)業(ye)(ye)結構(gou)優化(hua)升(sheng)級，加(jia)快基地建(jian)設(she)步伐(fa)，促進農民(min)持續增收。

2010年重點(dian)啟(qi)動了示(shi)范(fan)區內1500畝簡陽(yang)晚(wan)白桃標準化核(he)心(xin)(xin)示(shi)范(fan)園(yuan)(yuan)建設，首期500畝已初(chu)具規模，二期1000畝動工(gong)建設。該核(he)心(xin)(xin)園(yuan)(yuan)由四川(chuan)省(sheng)天保(bao)果業(ye)(ye)(ye)承(cheng)建，采用(yong)土地流(liu)轉(zhuan)集(ji)中建園(yuan)(yuan)，園(yuan)(yuan)地建設中包括(kuo)土地整治、作業(ye)(ye)(ye)道路、池、渠、提灌(guan)等基礎設施由項目配套解決，業(ye)(ye)(ye)主(zhu)與農戶(hu)入(ru)股組建合(he)(he)作社共同(tong)經營(ying)。通過(guo)項目整合(he)(he)，高標準、高質量綜合(he)(he)打造由核(he)心(xin)(xin)示(shi)范(fan)園(yuan)(yuan)輻射帶(dai)動周家、賈家、石盤10000畝“龍陽(yang)升新村示(shi)范(fan)片”簡陽(yang)晚(wan)白桃核(he)心(xin)(xin)示(shi)范(fan)區。