宜(yi)(yi)都(dou)(dou)蜜柑(gan)(gan)(gan),湖北(bei)省宜(yi)(yi)都(dou)(dou)市特產(chan),中(zhong)國地(di)理標(biao)志產(chan)品。宜(yi)(yi)都(dou)(dou)市氣候(hou)溫和(he),雨量充(chong)沛,日照充(chong)足,四季分明,地(di)理、氣候(hou)條件極適(shi)合柑(gan)(gan)(gan)橘(ju)(ju)的生產(chan)發(fa)展,是(shi)中(zhong)國柑(gan)(gan)(gan)橘(ju)(ju)區(qu)(qu)(qu)劃中(zhong)寬皮柑(gan)(gan)(gan)橘(ju)(ju)最適(shi)宜(yi)(yi)區(qu)(qu)(qu),先后被定(ding)為首批(pi)中(zhong)國園藝產(chan)品出口示范(fan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)、中(zhong)國柑(gan)(gan)(gan)橘(ju)(ju)生產(chan)優勢(shi)區(qu)(qu)(qu)域、中(zhong)國柑(gan)(gan)(gan)橘(ju)(ju)之鄉(xiang)、全(quan)國柑(gan)(gan)(gan)橘(ju)(ju)標(biao)準化(hua)示范(fan)縣(市)。所產(chan)蜜柑(gan)(gan)(gan)味濃化(hua)渣(zha)、酸甜適(shi)度、耐貯(zhu)耐運,深受廣(guang)大(da)消費者歡迎,果品遠銷到(dao)(dao)俄羅斯、加拿大(da)及(ji)東南亞地(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu),桔瓣罐(guan)頭出口到(dao)(dao)美(mei)國、日本、歐(ou)盟。
品質特性
鄂(e)柑是宜都(dou)蜜柑的主栽品種(zhong),是屬寬(kuan)皮(pi)柑桔(jie)品種(zhong)。樹(shu)勢較(jiao)強(qiang),樹(shu)形較(jiao)開張,葉片較(jiao)大,萌(meng)芽(ya)率強(qiang),成枝(zhi)力中等,新梢柔軟。花芽(ya)分化能力強(qiang),一(yi)(yi)般(ban)為(wei)單(dan)花,以有葉花坐果(guo)為(wei)主。主要結(jie)果(guo)母枝(zhi)為(wei)春(chun)(chun)梢和早(zao)秋梢,以春(chun)(chun)梢結(jie)果(guo)較(jiao)好。單(dan)性結(jie)實,果(guo)實無核,高(gao)扁(bian)圓形,單(dan)果(guo)重125.0克左右,大小較(jiao)均(jun)勻,皮(pi)薄,可(ke)(ke)食率高(gao),中心柱較(jiao)充(chong)實。9月下旬開始著色(se)(se),10月上旬成熟(shu),剛著色(se)(se)時果(guo)皮(pi)桔(jie)黃有光澤,完(wan)熟(shu)時果(guo)皮(pi)桔(jie)紅色(se)(se)。抗寒(han)性與龜井溫(wen)州蜜柑相(xiang)似,適應性較(jiao)強(qiang)。品質(zhi)經(jing)農業部食品質(zhi)量監督檢(jian)測試中心測定(ding)(ding),維(wei)生素C含量239毫克/千克,可(ke)(ke)溶性固(gu)形物(wu)10.7%,可(ke)(ke)滴(di)定(ding)(ding)酸(suan)0.88%,總(zong)糖6.80%。風味濃郁,爽口化渣。1984~2003年(nian)(nian)在宜昌、老河口等地試驗、試種(zhong),一(yi)(yi)般(ban)新建園三年(nian)(nian)開始試果(guo),四年(nian)(nian)株產(chan)可(ke)(ke)達(da)10公斤(jin),六年(nian)(nian)后(hou)進入盛(sheng)果(guo)期,一(yi)(yi)般(ban)畝產(chan)3000公斤(jin)。2004年(nian)(nian)通過湖北省農作物(wu)品種(zhong)審定(ding)(ding)委員會審(認)定(ding)(ding),品種(zhong)審定(ding)(ding)編號為(wei)鄂(e)審果(guo)2004001。
產地環境
宜都市地(di)(di)(di)處長(chang)(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)中(zhong)(zhong)游近三峽出口、鄂西南(nan)部,處于(yu)(yu)江(jiang)(jiang)漢平(ping)(ping)原(yuan)向(xiang)鄂西山區的(de)過渡地(di)(di)(di)帶。版圖面積1357平(ping)(ping)方公里。地(di)(di)(di)勢西南(nan)高(gao)、東(dong)(dong)(dong)北低(di),由西南(nan)向(xiang)東(dong)(dong)(dong)北傾(qing)斜,是一個丘陵(ling)起(qi)伏的(de)半山區。東(dong)(dong)(dong)部丘陵(ling),海拔在(zai)50-250米,沿(yan)長(chang)(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)及清(qing)江(jiang)(jiang)出口地(di)(di)(di)勢平(ping)(ping)坦,土地(di)(di)(di)肥沃,中(zhong)(zhong)部丘陵(ling)、沖溝(gou)與崗地(di)(di)(di)交錯,但坡(po)度較緩(huan),形成(cheng)平(ping)(ping)畈,是該(gai)市糧油(you)(you)和農(nong)特產(chan)品的(de)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)產(chan)地(di)(di)(di)。該(gai)市位于(yu)(yu)北緯30°06′-30°36′,東(dong)(dong)(dong)經(jing)111°06′-111°36′,季(ji)風(feng)明顯(xian),屬于(yu)(yu)亞熱帶季(ji)風(feng)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候。具有四季(ji)分(fen)明,氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候溫和,雨(yu)(yu)量(liang)充(chong)沛,光照充(chong)足(zu),嚴冬酷(ku)暑時間(jian)短等(deng)特點。年(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均日(ri)照時數為(wei)1657.7小時。全市年(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫為(wei)16.7℃,日(ri)極端(duan)最(zui)(zui)高(gao)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫為(wei)40.8℃,日(ri)極端(duan)最(zui)(zui)低(di)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫為(wei)-13.8℃。春季(ji)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫變幅較大(da),夏季(ji)晴(qing)熱酷(ku)暑,秋季(ji)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫下降(jiang)迅速,冬季(ji)嚴冬短暫。80%的(de)年(nian)(nian)(nian)份(fen)1月(yue)份(fen)平(ping)(ping)均氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫高(gao)于(yu)(yu)4℃,為(wei)柑(gan)桔、茶(cha)葉、油(you)(you)桐等(deng)作物安全越冬提供了保障。多年(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均降(jiang)雨(yu)(yu)量(liang)為(wei)1235.4mm,最(zui)(zui)多年(nian)(nian)(nian)降(jiang)雨(yu)(yu)量(liang)為(wei)1869.0mm,最(zui)(zui)少年(nian)(nian)(nian)降(jiang)雨(yu)(yu)量(liang)為(wei)757.2mm。在(zai)作物生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)季(ji)節(jie)(4至10月(yue))全市各地(di)(di)(di)雨(yu)(yu)量(liang)超過1000mm占80%以上(shang),能(neng)滿足(zu)作物正常生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)需要(yao)(yao),極適(shi)合柑(gan)橘的(de)生(sheng)產(chan)發(fa)展,是中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)柑(gan)橘區劃中(zhong)(zhong)寬皮柑(gan)橘最(zui)(zui)適(shi)宜區。