宜都(dou)蜜柑(gan)(gan),湖北省(sheng)宜都(dou)市(shi)特產(chan)(chan)(chan),中國地(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)標志產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)。宜都(dou)市(shi)氣候溫和,雨量充沛(pei),日(ri)(ri)照充足,四季分明,地(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)、氣候條件(jian)極(ji)適合柑(gan)(gan)橘(ju)(ju)的生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)發(fa)展,是中國柑(gan)(gan)橘(ju)(ju)區劃中寬皮柑(gan)(gan)橘(ju)(ju)最(zui)適宜區,先后被定為(wei)首(shou)批中國園(yuan)藝產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)出口示(shi)范區、中國柑(gan)(gan)橘(ju)(ju)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)優勢區域、中國柑(gan)(gan)橘(ju)(ju)之鄉(xiang)、全(quan)國柑(gan)(gan)橘(ju)(ju)標準化(hua)示(shi)范縣(市(shi))。所產(chan)(chan)(chan)蜜柑(gan)(gan)味濃化(hua)渣、酸甜適度、耐貯耐運,深受廣(guang)大(da)消費者歡迎,果品(pin)遠(yuan)銷到(dao)俄羅斯(si)、加拿(na)大(da)及東南亞(ya)地(di)(di)(di)區,桔瓣罐頭出口到(dao)美(mei)國、日(ri)(ri)本、歐盟(meng)。
品質特性
鄂柑(gan)是(shi)宜都蜜柑(gan)的(de)主(zhu)栽(zai)品(pin)種,是(shi)屬寬皮柑(gan)桔品(pin)種。樹勢較(jiao)(jiao)強(qiang),樹形(xing)較(jiao)(jiao)開張,葉片較(jiao)(jiao)大,萌芽率強(qiang),成枝力中(zhong)等,新梢(shao)柔軟。花芽分化(hua)(hua)能力強(qiang),一般為單(dan)花,以有葉花坐果(guo)(guo)為主(zhu)。主(zhu)要(yao)結(jie)果(guo)(guo)母枝為春(chun)梢(shao)和(he)早秋梢(shao),以春(chun)梢(shao)結(jie)果(guo)(guo)較(jiao)(jiao)好(hao)。單(dan)性(xing)(xing)結(jie)實(shi),果(guo)(guo)實(shi)無核,高(gao)(gao)扁圓形(xing),單(dan)果(guo)(guo)重125.0克左右(you),大小較(jiao)(jiao)均勻(yun),皮薄,可(ke)(ke)食(shi)率高(gao)(gao),中(zhong)心柱(zhu)較(jiao)(jiao)充實(shi)。9月下旬開始(shi)著色,10月上旬成熟,剛著色時果(guo)(guo)皮桔黃有光澤(ze),完(wan)熟時果(guo)(guo)皮桔紅(hong)色。抗寒性(xing)(xing)與龜井溫州蜜柑(gan)相似,適應性(xing)(xing)較(jiao)(jiao)強(qiang)。品(pin)質(zhi)經農業部食(shi)品(pin)質(zhi)量(liang)監督檢測試(shi)(shi)中(zhong)心測定(ding)(ding),維生素C含量(liang)239毫(hao)克/千克,可(ke)(ke)溶性(xing)(xing)固形(xing)物(wu)10.7%,可(ke)(ke)滴定(ding)(ding)酸0.88%,總糖(tang)6.80%。風味濃郁(yu),爽(shuang)口(kou)化(hua)(hua)渣。1984~2003年(nian)在宜昌、老河口(kou)等地試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)、試(shi)(shi)種,一般新建園三年(nian)開始(shi)試(shi)(shi)果(guo)(guo),四年(nian)株(zhu)產可(ke)(ke)達10公斤,六年(nian)后(hou)進入盛果(guo)(guo)期,一般畝產3000公斤。2004年(nian)通過湖北省農作物(wu)品(pin)種審(shen)(shen)定(ding)(ding)委員會審(shen)(shen)(認)定(ding)(ding),品(pin)種審(shen)(shen)定(ding)(ding)編(bian)號為鄂審(shen)(shen)果(guo)(guo)2004001。
產地環境
宜都(dou)市地(di)處(chu)長江中(zhong)游(you)近三峽(xia)出(chu)口(kou)、鄂西南部,處(chu)于江漢平(ping)(ping)原向鄂西山(shan)區(qu)的(de)(de)過渡地(di)帶(dai)。版圖面積1357平(ping)(ping)方公里(li)。地(di)勢西南高、東(dong)北(bei)低,由西南向東(dong)北(bei)傾(qing)斜(xie),是(shi)一個丘陵(ling)起伏的(de)(de)半山(shan)區(qu)。東(dong)部丘陵(ling),海拔在(zai)50-250米(mi),沿長江及清江出(chu)口(kou)地(di)勢平(ping)(ping)坦,土(tu)地(di)肥沃,中(zhong)部丘陵(ling)、沖溝與崗地(di)交錯,但坡度較緩(huan),形成(cheng)平(ping)(ping)畈,是(shi)該(gai)市糧(liang)油和(he)農(nong)特(te)產(chan)品的(de)(de)主要(yao)(yao)產(chan)地(di)。該(gai)市位于北(bei)緯(wei)30°06′-30°36′,東(dong)經111°06′-111°36′,季(ji)(ji)風明顯(xian),屬于亞熱(re)帶(dai)季(ji)(ji)風氣(qi)候。具(ju)有四季(ji)(ji)分明,氣(qi)候溫(wen)和(he),雨(yu)量充沛,光(guang)照充足,嚴冬(dong)酷暑時間短(duan)等特(te)點。年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均日(ri)(ri)照時數(shu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)1657.7小時。全(quan)(quan)市年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均氣(qi)溫(wen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)16.7℃,日(ri)(ri)極端(duan)最(zui)高氣(qi)溫(wen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)40.8℃,日(ri)(ri)極端(duan)最(zui)低氣(qi)溫(wen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)-13.8℃。春(chun)季(ji)(ji)氣(qi)溫(wen)變(bian)幅較大,夏季(ji)(ji)晴(qing)熱(re)酷暑,秋季(ji)(ji)氣(qi)溫(wen)下降迅(xun)速,冬(dong)季(ji)(ji)嚴冬(dong)短(duan)暫。80%的(de)(de)年(nian)(nian)份1月(yue)(yue)份平(ping)(ping)均氣(qi)溫(wen)高于4℃,為(wei)(wei)(wei)柑桔、茶葉、油桐等作物安全(quan)(quan)越冬(dong)提供了保障。多(duo)年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均降雨(yu)量為(wei)(wei)(wei)1235.4mm,最(zui)多(duo)年(nian)(nian)降雨(yu)量為(wei)(wei)(wei)1869.0mm,最(zui)少(shao)年(nian)(nian)降雨(yu)量為(wei)(wei)(wei)757.2mm。在(zai)作物生(sheng)(sheng)長季(ji)(ji)節(4至10月(yue)(yue))全(quan)(quan)市各(ge)地(di)雨(yu)量超(chao)過1000mm占80%以(yi)上,能(neng)滿足作物正常生(sheng)(sheng)長需要(yao)(yao),極適(shi)合柑橘的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)發展,是(shi)中(zhong)國柑橘區(qu)劃中(zhong)寬皮柑橘最(zui)適(shi)宜區(qu)。