一.自然生(sheng)態環境和人文(wen)歷史(shi)因素
(1)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)地(di)(di)(di)貌 全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)可耕地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)54.25萬畝,人均(jun)耕地(di)(di)(di)近4.5畝,全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)耕地(di)(di)(di)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)類型分(fen)為(wei)(wei)五個土(tu)(tu)(tu)類(山(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)草(cao)甸(dian)土(tu)(tu)(tu)、山(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)棕壤(rang)(rang)(rang)、褐(he)土(tu)(tu)(tu)、草(cao)甸(dian)土(tu)(tu)(tu)、水稻土(tu)(tu)(tu)),主要(yao)土(tu)(tu)(tu)類為(wei)(wei)褐(he)土(tu)(tu)(tu),占總(zong)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)的(de)84.32%,分(fen)布于海拔900—2000米的(de)低(di)山(shan)(shan)(shan)丘(qiu)陵(ling)(ling)地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)和河(he)(he)谷平川區(qu)(qu)(qu)。按全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)國第二次土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)普查,繁峙縣(xian)(xian)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)總(zong)的(de)特(te)點(dian)是“缺磷(lin)(lin)少氮(dan)鉀(jia)有余”,全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)耕地(di)(di)(di)養份狀況(kuang)是有機(ji)質1.62-3.23%、全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)氮(dan)0.68-0.74%、有效(xiao)磷(lin)(lin)0.056%、速效(xiao)鉀(jia)3-4.6毫(hao)克(ke)/100克(ke),屬二級以(yi)上耕地(di)(di)(di),非常適宜(yi)胡(hu)麻生長。 繁峙縣(xian)(xian)地(di)(di)(di)處黃土(tu)(tu)(tu)丘(qiu)陵(ling)(ling)區(qu)(qu)(qu),境內山(shan)(shan)(shan)巒重疊,丘(qiu)陵(ling)(ling)起伏,東(dong)、南、北三面(mian)(mian)環山(shan)(shan)(shan),滹(hu)沱河(he)(he)由東(dong)向(xiang)西貫穿全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)河(he)(he)谷中部流(liu)向(xiang)代縣(xian)(xian),中部狹長的(de)河(he)(he)流(liu)谷地(di)(di)(di)為(wei)(wei)忻定(ding)盆(pen)地(di)(di)(di)北部邊(bian)緣(yuan)的(de)一(yi)部分(fen),全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)地(di)(di)(di)勢(shi)由西向(xiang)東(dong)逐漸增高,平均(jun)海拔1000米,最高海拔3058米,最低(di)700米。全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)整個大(da)地(di)(di)(di)呈彎弓形(xing)狀。境內地(di)(di)(di)形(xing)大(da)致可分(fen)為(wei)(wei)三類:河(he)(he)谷平川區(qu)(qu)(qu)(占全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)總(zong)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)的(de)11.91%)、丘(qiu)陵(ling)(ling)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(占全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)總(zong)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)的(de)24.55%)、石(shi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(占全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)總(zong)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)的(de)63.54%)。全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)總(zong)的(de)地(di)(di)(di)貌特(te)點(dian)是平川少,山(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)丘(qiu)陵(ling)(ling)多(duo)(占全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)國土(tu)(tu)(tu)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)的(de)88.09%),地(di)(di)(di)形(xing)地(di)(di)(di)貌復雜。
(2)水(shui)(shui)文(wen)情況: 全縣(xian)共有兩大河(he)(he)(he)(he)流(liu)(liu):滹(hu)沱(tuo)河(he)(he)(he)(he)和青洋(yang)河(he)(he)(he)(he)。滹(hu)沱(tuo)河(he)(he)(he)(he)是(shi)(shi)海河(he)(he)(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)域子(zi)牙(ya)河(he)(he)(he)(he)水(shui)(shui)系主要支流(liu)(liu)之一,發源(yuan)于縣(xian)境東部的(de)太戲山下,向西流(liu)(liu)入代縣(xian),境內全長(chang)(chang)約(yue)80公(gong)里,有大小(xiao)支流(liu)(liu)15條;青洋(yang)河(he)(he)(he)(he)是(shi)(shi)大清河(he)(he)(he)(he)水(shui)(shui)系最上游的(de)支流(liu)(liu)之一,由神堂堡鄉向東南流(liu)(liu)入河(he)(he)(he)(he)北省(sheng)阜平縣(xian)。滹(hu)沱(tuo)河(he)(he)(he)(he)和青洋(yang)河(he)(he)(he)(he)以及滹(hu)沱(tuo)河(he)(he)(he)(he)支流(liu)(liu)峨河(he)(he)(he)(he)是(shi)(shi)長(chang)(chang)流(liu)(liu)水(shui)(shui)河(he)(he)(he)(he)流(liu)(liu),其他(ta)河(he)(he)(he)(he)是(shi)(shi)季(ji)節(jie)性(xing)河(he)(he)(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)。縣(xian)內滹(hu)沱(tuo)河(he)(he)(he)(he)階地為極富水(shui)(shui)區(qu),兩邊山溝溝谷出口處(chu)的(de)洪積扇地帶為富水(shui)(shui)區(qu),山前丘陵區(qu)為中等富水(shui)(shui)區(qu)。地下水(shui)(shui)靜位(wei)儲(chu)量(liang)25.79億立方(fang)米(mi)/年(nian)(nian)(nian),調節(jie)儲(chu)量(liang)1.08億立方(fang)米(mi)/年(nian)(nian)(nian),動(dong)儲(chu)量(liang)3.12億立方(fang)米(mi)/年(nian)(nian)(nian),開采儲(chu)量(liang)4.2億立方(fang)米(mi)/年(nian)(nian)(nian),最大控(kong)制深度100-172.17米(mi)。各(ge)類(lei)地下水(shui)(shui)質(zhi)優良,屬輕(qing)碳酸鈣鎂型水(shui)(shui)質(zhi),非常(chang)適合飲用與灌(guan)溉(gai),優質(zhi)豐富的(de)地下水(shui)(shui)資源(yuan)非常(chang)有利于胡麻的(de)生長(chang)(chang)。
(3)氣(qi)候情況(kuang): 繁(fan)峙縣(xian)(xian)屬(shu)于暖溫(wen)帶(dai)半干(gan)旱(han)大(da)陸性氣(qi)候,一年(nian)四季分明,春季干(gan)旱(han)、低溫(wen)、風大(da),夏季高溫(wen)、多(duo)雨、日照長,秋季少(shao)雨、天高晴(qing)爽,冬(dong)季寒(han)冷、少(shao)雪、多(duo)風。各(ge)地年(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)為(wei)5.4℃-9.8℃,全年(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)降水量為(wei)350-1000毫米,無霜期為(wei)90—160天。一月(yue)最冷,平(ping)(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)0— -4.7℃,七月(yue)最熱,平(ping)(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)24℃—27.4℃,10℃以上(shang)的(de)年(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)積溫(wen)2091.5— 3455.1℃。歷年(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)日照總(zong)時數為(wei)2906.5小時,最多(duo)年(nian)可達(da)3153.2小時,最少(shao)年(nian)為(wei)2527.1小時,作物(wu)生長季節4-9月(yue)份平(ping)(ping)均(jun)日照1588.3小時。年(nian)太陽(yang)總(zong)輻(fu)射(she)能為(wei)144.3千(qian)卡/厘米2,比(bi)相鄰的(de)五臺縣(xian)(xian)、代縣(xian)(xian)分別多(duo)11.4和3.2千(qian)卡/厘米2,分別比(bi)北京(jing)、長江(jiang)中(zhong)下游一帶(dai)多(duo)9.3和29.3千(qian)卡/厘米2。氣(qi)候以風大(da)、低溫(wen)、降水變率大(da),春旱(han)年(nian)份多(duo),無霜期短為(wei)主要特點,總(zong)之氣(qi)候涼爽、降雨集中(zhong)、西北風長年(nian)不斷、光照充足、晝夜溫(wen)差(cha)大(da)這樣(yang)的(de)氣(qi)候條件正好符合胡(hu)麻的(de)生產發育(yu)。
二.地域范圍
繁(fan)峙縣(xian)(xian)位(wei)于(yu)晉北東(dong)部(bu)。東(dong)與靈丘交界、西與代縣(xian)(xian)接(jie)壤,南(nan)與五臺縣(xian)(xian)和河(he)(he)北省阜平縣(xian)(xian)相連,北與應縣(xian)(xian)和渾源為鄰。繁(fan)峙胡(hu)麻油地(di)理標志產品保護范圍包括(kuo)繁(fan)峙縣(xian)(xian)境內砂(sha)河(he)(he)鎮(zhen)、東(dong)山(shan)(shan)鄉、金山(shan)(shan)鋪鄉、柏莊鄉、大營鎮(zhen)、橫澗(jian)鄉6個鄉鎮(zhen)192個村(cun),東(dong)經113°24′—113°57′,北緯(wei)39°04′—39°25′。東(dong)至(zhi)(zhi)橫澗(jian)馬跑泉村(cun),西至(zhi)(zhi)砂(sha)河(he)(he)印(yin)子坪村(cun),北至(zhi)(zhi)砂(sha)河(he)(he)地(di)卜溝(gou),南(nan)至(zhi)(zhi)東(dong)山(shan)(shan)鄉太平溝(gou)村(cun)。近(jin)幾年胡(hu)麻年種植面積保持在980公頃以上(shang),年總產1200噸。
三(san).產品品質特性(xing)特征(zheng)
(1)感官(guan)特色:色澤金黃透明(ming)、氣(qi)味濃香。
(2)理(li)化指標: a-亞(ya)麻酸含量≥51%,單不飽(bao)和脂肪酸≥17.9克/100克,多不飽(bao)和脂肪酸 ≥67.9克/100克,維生素E≥396.6毫克/100克。
(3)質(zhi)量安全規(gui)(gui)定(ding):胡(hu)麻種植農(nong)藥使用(yong)應(ying)按(an)GB/T8321.1-9(農(nong)藥合理使用(yong)準則(ze)(ze) 其最新版本及隨(sui)后所有修改單(dan)均適用(yong)于(yu)本標準)和(he)NY/1276-2007(農(nong)藥安全使用(yong)規(gui)(gui)范準則(ze)(ze))的規(gui)(gui)定(ding)執行;胡(hu)麻種植肥料使用(yong)應(ying)符(fu)合NY/T496-2010(肥料合理使用(yong)準則(ze)(ze) 通則(ze)(ze))要求。
四(si).特定(ding)生產(chan)方式
(1)整地:秋深耕,冬鎮壓(ya),春(chun)季頂凌(ling)粑磨,播后(hou)根據墑情進行碾(nian)壓(ya)等。
(2)施肥、選種:每(mei)畝施優(you)質農肥2000公斤(jin)、磷酸(suan)二銨4-5公斤(jin),過(guo)磷酸(suan)鈣10-15公斤(jin)做底(di)肥,春季淺耕時(shi)施在犁(li)溝(gou)內,隨后及時(shi)耙耱(mo)鎮壓。選用晉亞7、8、9、10、11號(hao),隴(long)亞8、9號(hao)等(deng)優(you)良品種。
(3)播(bo)種(zhong):平均氣溫穩定(ding)通過5℃后,地溫穩定(ding)在(zai)8-11℃時播(bo)種(zhong),播(bo)種(zhong)方法采用(yong)耬播(bo),行(xing)距(ju)20-25cm,播(bo)種(zhong)量每畝3-4kg,深度(du)2—3cm,播(bo)種(zhong)后整壓。
(4)管理:播后苗(miao)前遇雨(yu)及(ji)時(shi)破(po)除(chu)(chu)板結,出苗(miao)后及(ji)時(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)耕除(chu)(chu)草(cao)、間(jian)苗(miao)、定(ding)苗(miao),畝(mu)留苗(miao)20萬(wan)(wan)-25萬(wan)(wan)株。胡麻現蕾時(shi),進行一次(ci)中(zhong)(zhong)耕,同時(shi)每畝(mu)追施尿(niao)素5-8公(gong)斤。 生長后期,人工拔除(chu)(chu)田間(jian)雜(za)草(cao)。
(5)防(fang)病(bing):輪作期(qi)7年以上防(fang)治(zhi)枯萎病(bing)。
(6)收(shou)獲(huo)、儲(chu)存:當胡(hu)麻莖下部(bu)葉(xie)片(pian)變(bian)黃(huang)部(bu)分脫(tuo)落、有(you)75%的(de)蒴(shuo)果發(fa)白變(bian)黃(huang)、籽粒(li)多數搖(yao)動沙(sha)沙(sha)作(zuo)響時收(shou)獲(huo),收(shou)獲(huo)后(hou)曬干脫(tuo)粒(li)得到胡(hu)麻籽,合理儲(chu)存。
(7)加工流程(cheng):胡(hu)麻(ma)籽去雜(za)→壓(ya)(ya)榨→沉(chen)淀→過濾→灌裝(zhuang)→包裝(zhuang)貯藏,沉(chen)淀時間(jian)≥72個小時,壓(ya)(ya)榨溫度≤80℃。