一.自(zi)然(ran)生態(tai)環(huan)境和(he)人文歷史因素
(1)土(tu)壤地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)貌(mao) 全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)可(ke)耕(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)積54.25萬畝(mu),人(ren)均耕(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)近4.5畝(mu),全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)耕(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)土(tu)壤類(lei)型分為五個(ge)土(tu)類(lei)(山地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)草甸土(tu)、山地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)棕壤、褐(he)土(tu)、草甸土(tu)、水稻土(tu)),主要土(tu)類(lei)為褐(he)土(tu),占(zhan)總面(mian)(mian)積的(de)(de)(de)84.32%,分布于海(hai)拔(ba)900—2000米的(de)(de)(de)低(di)山丘(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)陵地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區和河谷平(ping)川區。按全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)國第二次土(tu)壤普查,繁峙縣(xian)(xian)(xian)土(tu)壤總的(de)(de)(de)特點(dian)是“缺(que)磷少氮鉀有(you)余”,全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)耕(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)養份狀況是有(you)機質1.62-3.23%、全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)氮0.68-0.74%、有(you)效(xiao)磷0.056%、速效(xiao)鉀3-4.6毫(hao)克(ke)/100克(ke),屬二級以(yi)上耕(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),非(fei)常適宜胡麻生長。 繁峙縣(xian)(xian)(xian)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)處黃土(tu)丘(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)陵區,境(jing)(jing)內山巒重疊,丘(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)陵起伏,東、南、北三面(mian)(mian)環山,滹沱河由東向(xiang)西貫穿全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)河谷中(zhong)部(bu)(bu)流(liu)向(xiang)代(dai)縣(xian)(xian)(xian),中(zhong)部(bu)(bu)狹(xia)長的(de)(de)(de)河流(liu)谷地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)為忻(xin)定(ding)盆地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)北部(bu)(bu)邊(bian)緣的(de)(de)(de)一部(bu)(bu)分,全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)勢由西向(xiang)東逐漸增(zeng)高,平(ping)均海(hai)拔(ba)1000米,最(zui)高海(hai)拔(ba)3058米,最(zui)低(di)700米。全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)整個(ge)大(da)(da)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)呈彎弓形狀。境(jing)(jing)內地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)形大(da)(da)致可(ke)分為三類(lei):河谷平(ping)川區(占(zhan)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)總面(mian)(mian)積的(de)(de)(de)11.91%)、丘(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)陵區(占(zhan)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)總面(mian)(mian)積的(de)(de)(de)24.55%)、石(shi)山區(占(zhan)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)總面(mian)(mian)積的(de)(de)(de)63.54%)。全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)總的(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)貌(mao)特點(dian)是平(ping)川少,山地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)丘(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)陵多(占(zhan)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)國土(tu)面(mian)(mian)積的(de)(de)(de)88.09%),地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)形地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)貌(mao)復雜。
(2)水(shui)(shui)文情況: 全縣共(gong)有(you)兩(liang)(liang)大(da)(da)河(he)(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)(liu):滹(hu)沱(tuo)河(he)(he)(he)和青洋河(he)(he)(he)。滹(hu)沱(tuo)河(he)(he)(he)是海河(he)(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)(liu)域子牙河(he)(he)(he)水(shui)(shui)系主要(yao)支(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)之一,發源(yuan)于縣境(jing)(jing)東部的(de)(de)太戲山下,向西流(liu)(liu)(liu)入(ru)代縣,境(jing)(jing)內(nei)全長約80公里,有(you)大(da)(da)小支(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)15條;青洋河(he)(he)(he)是大(da)(da)清河(he)(he)(he)水(shui)(shui)系最上游的(de)(de)支(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)之一,由神(shen)堂堡鄉向東南流(liu)(liu)(liu)入(ru)河(he)(he)(he)北省阜平縣。滹(hu)沱(tuo)河(he)(he)(he)和青洋河(he)(he)(he)以及滹(hu)沱(tuo)河(he)(he)(he)支(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)峨河(he)(he)(he)是長流(liu)(liu)(liu)水(shui)(shui)河(he)(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)(liu),其(qi)他河(he)(he)(he)是季節性河(he)(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)(liu)。縣內(nei)滹(hu)沱(tuo)河(he)(he)(he)階地(di)為極富(fu)水(shui)(shui)區(qu),兩(liang)(liang)邊山溝溝谷出(chu)口處的(de)(de)洪積扇地(di)帶為富(fu)水(shui)(shui)區(qu),山前丘陵區(qu)為中等富(fu)水(shui)(shui)區(qu)。地(di)下水(shui)(shui)靜位儲量(liang)(liang)25.79億立(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)/年(nian),調節儲量(liang)(liang)1.08億立(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)/年(nian),動儲量(liang)(liang)3.12億立(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)/年(nian),開采儲量(liang)(liang)4.2億立(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)/年(nian),最大(da)(da)控制深度100-172.17米(mi)(mi)。各類地(di)下水(shui)(shui)質優良,屬輕碳酸(suan)鈣鎂型(xing)水(shui)(shui)質,非常適合飲用與灌溉,優質豐富(fu)的(de)(de)地(di)下水(shui)(shui)資源(yuan)非常有(you)利于胡(hu)麻的(de)(de)生長。
(3)氣(qi)候(hou)(hou)情況: 繁峙縣(xian)屬(shu)于暖溫(wen)(wen)(wen)帶半干旱大(da)陸性氣(qi)候(hou)(hou),一(yi)年(nian)(nian)四季(ji)(ji)分明,春季(ji)(ji)干旱、低(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)、風大(da),夏(xia)季(ji)(ji)高溫(wen)(wen)(wen)、多(duo)(duo)雨(yu)、日照(zhao)長,秋季(ji)(ji)少雨(yu)、天高晴爽,冬季(ji)(ji)寒冷、少雪、多(duo)(duo)風。各地年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)為(wei)5.4℃-9.8℃,全年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)降水量為(wei)350-1000毫米,無(wu)霜(shuang)期(qi)為(wei)90—160天。一(yi)月(yue)最冷,平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)0— -4.7℃,七月(yue)最熱,平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)24℃—27.4℃,10℃以上的年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)積溫(wen)(wen)(wen)2091.5— 3455.1℃。歷年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)日照(zhao)總時(shi)(shi)數為(wei)2906.5小(xiao)時(shi)(shi),最多(duo)(duo)年(nian)(nian)可達3153.2小(xiao)時(shi)(shi),最少年(nian)(nian)為(wei)2527.1小(xiao)時(shi)(shi),作物生長季(ji)(ji)節4-9月(yue)份(fen)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)日照(zhao)1588.3小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)。年(nian)(nian)太陽總輻(fu)射能為(wei)144.3千卡(ka)/厘(li)米2,比相(xiang)鄰的五(wu)臺縣(xian)、代縣(xian)分別多(duo)(duo)11.4和(he)3.2千卡(ka)/厘(li)米2,分別比北京、長江(jiang)中下游(you)一(yi)帶多(duo)(duo)9.3和(he)29.3千卡(ka)/厘(li)米2。氣(qi)候(hou)(hou)以風大(da)、低(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)、降水變(bian)率大(da),春旱年(nian)(nian)份(fen)多(duo)(duo),無(wu)霜(shuang)期(qi)短為(wei)主要特點(dian),總之氣(qi)候(hou)(hou)涼爽、降雨(yu)集(ji)中、西(xi)北風長年(nian)(nian)不斷、光(guang)照(zhao)充(chong)足、晝(zhou)夜(ye)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)差大(da)這(zhe)樣(yang)的氣(qi)候(hou)(hou)條件正好符合胡麻的生產發育(yu)。
二.地域范圍
繁峙(zhi)縣(xian)位于(yu)晉北東(dong)部。東(dong)與靈丘交界、西與代縣(xian)接壤,南與五(wu)臺縣(xian)和河北省阜平縣(xian)相(xiang)連,北與應縣(xian)和渾源為鄰。繁峙(zhi)胡麻油地理標志產品保護范圍包(bao)括繁峙(zhi)縣(xian)境內砂河鎮、東(dong)山(shan)鄉(xiang)、金(jin)山(shan)鋪鄉(xiang)、柏(bo)莊鄉(xiang)、大營鎮、橫澗(jian)鄉(xiang)6個鄉(xiang)鎮192個村,東(dong)經113°24′—113°57′,北緯39°04′—39°25′。東(dong)至橫澗(jian)馬跑泉(quan)村,西至砂河印子坪(ping)村,北至砂河地卜(bu)溝,南至東(dong)山(shan)鄉(xiang)太平溝村。近幾(ji)年(nian)胡麻年(nian)種植面積保持在980公頃以上,年(nian)總產1200噸。
三(san).產品品質特性(xing)特征
(1)感官特色(se)(se):色(se)(se)澤金黃(huang)透明(ming)、氣(qi)味(wei)濃(nong)香。
(2)理化(hua)指標: a-亞麻酸含(han)量≥51%,單不(bu)飽(bao)和(he)脂肪酸≥17.9克/100克,多不(bu)飽(bao)和(he)脂肪酸 ≥67.9克/100克,維生素E≥396.6毫(hao)克/100克。
(3)質(zhi)量安(an)全(quan)(quan)規(gui)(gui)定:胡(hu)(hu)麻種植農藥(yao)使用(yong)應按GB/T8321.1-9(農藥(yao)合理使用(yong)準則(ze)(ze) 其(qi)最新版本(ben)及隨后(hou)所有修改單(dan)均適用(yong)于本(ben)標準)和NY/1276-2007(農藥(yao)安(an)全(quan)(quan)使用(yong)規(gui)(gui)范準則(ze)(ze))的規(gui)(gui)定執(zhi)行(xing);胡(hu)(hu)麻種植肥料使用(yong)應符合NY/T496-2010(肥料合理使用(yong)準則(ze)(ze) 通則(ze)(ze))要求(qiu)。
四.特定生產方(fang)式
(1)整地:秋深耕,冬鎮壓(ya),春季頂凌(ling)粑磨,播后根(gen)據墑情進行碾壓(ya)等。
(2)施肥、選種:每(mei)畝(mu)施優質農肥2000公斤(jin)(jin)、磷酸二銨4-5公斤(jin)(jin),過(guo)磷酸鈣10-15公斤(jin)(jin)做底肥,春季淺耕(geng)時施在(zai)犁溝內,隨后及時耙耱鎮壓。選用晉亞7、8、9、10、11號(hao)(hao),隴亞8、9號(hao)(hao)等(deng)優良(liang)品種。
(3)播(bo)(bo)種:平均(jun)氣溫穩定通(tong)過5℃后,地(di)溫穩定在8-11℃時(shi)播(bo)(bo)種,播(bo)(bo)種方法(fa)采用耬播(bo)(bo),行距20-25cm,播(bo)(bo)種量(liang)每畝3-4kg,深度(du)2—3cm,播(bo)(bo)種后整壓。
(4)管(guan)理:播(bo)后(hou)苗(miao)前遇(yu)雨及時(shi)(shi)破除板結(jie),出苗(miao)后(hou)及時(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)耕除草(cao)、間苗(miao)、定苗(miao),畝留苗(miao)20萬-25萬株。胡麻現蕾時(shi)(shi),進(jin)行(xing)一次中(zhong)(zhong)耕,同時(shi)(shi)每畝追施尿素5-8公(gong)斤(jin)。 生長后(hou)期,人工拔除田(tian)間雜草(cao)。
(5)防病(bing):輪作期7年以上(shang)防治枯萎病(bing)。
(6)收(shou)獲、儲存:當胡麻莖下部(bu)葉(xie)片變黃(huang)部(bu)分脫落、有(you)75%的蒴果發白(bai)變黃(huang)、籽(zi)粒多(duo)數(shu)搖動沙(sha)沙(sha)作響(xiang)時(shi)收(shou)獲,收(shou)獲后曬干脫粒得到(dao)胡麻籽(zi),合理儲存。
(7)加(jia)工流(liu)程:胡麻籽去雜(za)→壓榨(zha)→沉淀(dian)→過濾(lv)→灌裝(zhuang)→包(bao)裝(zhuang)貯藏,沉淀(dian)時(shi)間≥72個(ge)小時(shi),壓榨(zha)溫度≤80℃。