一.自然生態環境和人文歷(li)史因素(su)
(1)土(tu)壤地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)貌 全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)可耕(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積54.25萬畝,人均(jun)耕(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)近4.5畝,全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)耕(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)土(tu)壤類(lei)型分(fen)為五個(ge)土(tu)類(lei)(山(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)草甸(dian)(dian)土(tu)、山(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)棕壤、褐(he)土(tu)、草甸(dian)(dian)土(tu)、水(shui)稻土(tu)),主要土(tu)類(lei)為褐(he)土(tu),占總(zong)(zong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積的(de)84.32%,分(fen)布(bu)于海拔900—2000米的(de)低山(shan)丘(qiu)(qiu)陵地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)和河谷(gu)(gu)平川區(qu)(qu)(qu)。按全(quan)(quan)國(guo)第二次土(tu)壤普查(cha),繁(fan)峙(zhi)縣(xian)土(tu)壤總(zong)(zong)的(de)特點(dian)(dian)是(shi)“缺(que)磷(lin)少氮(dan)鉀(jia)有(you)余”,全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)耕(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)養份狀(zhuang)況是(shi)有(you)機質(zhi)1.62-3.23%、全(quan)(quan)氮(dan)0.68-0.74%、有(you)效磷(lin)0.056%、速效鉀(jia)3-4.6毫(hao)克(ke)/100克(ke),屬二級以上耕(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),非常(chang)適(shi)宜胡麻生(sheng)長(chang)。 繁(fan)峙(zhi)縣(xian)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)處黃土(tu)丘(qiu)(qiu)陵區(qu)(qu)(qu),境(jing)內山(shan)巒重疊,丘(qiu)(qiu)陵起伏,東、南、北三面(mian)(mian)(mian)環山(shan),滹沱(tuo)河由東向西(xi)貫穿全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)河谷(gu)(gu)中部流(liu)向代縣(xian),中部狹長(chang)的(de)河流(liu)谷(gu)(gu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)為忻定(ding)盆地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)北部邊緣的(de)一部分(fen),全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)勢由西(xi)向東逐漸增高,平均(jun)海拔1000米,最高海拔3058米,最低700米。全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)整個(ge)大地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)呈彎(wan)弓形狀(zhuang)。境(jing)內地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)形大致可分(fen)為三類(lei):河谷(gu)(gu)平川區(qu)(qu)(qu)(占全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)總(zong)(zong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積的(de)11.91%)、丘(qiu)(qiu)陵區(qu)(qu)(qu)(占全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)總(zong)(zong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積的(de)24.55%)、石(shi)山(shan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(占全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)總(zong)(zong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積的(de)63.54%)。全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)總(zong)(zong)的(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)貌特點(dian)(dian)是(shi)平川少,山(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)丘(qiu)(qiu)陵多(占全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)國(guo)土(tu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積的(de)88.09%),地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)形地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)貌復雜。
(2)水文情況: 全(quan)縣(xian)共(gong)有兩大(da)河(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)(liu):滹沱(tuo)河(he)(he)和(he)青洋(yang)河(he)(he)。滹沱(tuo)河(he)(he)是(shi)(shi)海河(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)(liu)域子牙(ya)河(he)(he)水系主(zhu)要支(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)之一,發(fa)源(yuan)于縣(xian)境東部(bu)的(de)太戲山(shan)下(xia),向西流(liu)(liu)(liu)入代縣(xian),境內全(quan)長約(yue)80公里,有大(da)小(xiao)支(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)15條;青洋(yang)河(he)(he)是(shi)(shi)大(da)清河(he)(he)水系最上(shang)游的(de)支(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)之一,由神堂(tang)堡鄉向東南流(liu)(liu)(liu)入河(he)(he)北省(sheng)阜平縣(xian)。滹沱(tuo)河(he)(he)和(he)青洋(yang)河(he)(he)以及滹沱(tuo)河(he)(he)支(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)峨河(he)(he)是(shi)(shi)長流(liu)(liu)(liu)水河(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)(liu),其他河(he)(he)是(shi)(shi)季節性河(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)(liu)。縣(xian)內滹沱(tuo)河(he)(he)階地(di)為極(ji)富(fu)(fu)水區,兩邊山(shan)溝溝谷出口處(chu)的(de)洪積扇地(di)帶為富(fu)(fu)水區,山(shan)前(qian)丘陵區為中等富(fu)(fu)水區。地(di)下(xia)水靜(jing)位(wei)儲量(liang)(liang)(liang)25.79億(yi)立(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)/年(nian),調節儲量(liang)(liang)(liang)1.08億(yi)立(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)/年(nian),動儲量(liang)(liang)(liang)3.12億(yi)立(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)/年(nian),開采儲量(liang)(liang)(liang)4.2億(yi)立(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)/年(nian),最大(da)控制深(shen)度100-172.17米(mi)(mi)(mi)。各類地(di)下(xia)水質優良,屬(shu)輕碳(tan)酸鈣(gai)鎂型水質,非常適(shi)合(he)飲(yin)用與灌溉,優質豐富(fu)(fu)的(de)地(di)下(xia)水資源(yuan)非常有利(li)于胡麻的(de)生長。
(3)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候情況: 繁(fan)峙縣屬于(yu)暖溫(wen)帶半干旱(han)大陸性氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候,一(yi)年(nian)(nian)四季分(fen)明(ming),春(chun)季干旱(han)、低(di)溫(wen)、風(feng)(feng)大,夏季高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)、多(duo)雨、日照(zhao)長(chang),秋季少雨、天(tian)高(gao)(gao)晴爽(shuang),冬季寒冷、少雪、多(duo)風(feng)(feng)。各(ge)地年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)5.4℃-9.8℃,全年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均降(jiang)水量為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)350-1000毫(hao)米(mi),無霜期為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)90—160天(tian)。一(yi)月(yue)最(zui)冷,平(ping)均氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)0— -4.7℃,七月(yue)最(zui)熱,平(ping)均氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)24℃—27.4℃,10℃以上(shang)的(de)年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均積(ji)溫(wen)2091.5— 3455.1℃。歷年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均日照(zhao)總時(shi)數為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)2906.5小時(shi),最(zui)多(duo)年(nian)(nian)可(ke)達3153.2小時(shi),最(zui)少年(nian)(nian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)2527.1小時(shi),作(zuo)物生長(chang)季節4-9月(yue)份平(ping)均日照(zhao)1588.3小時(shi)。年(nian)(nian)太陽總輻(fu)射能(neng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)144.3千(qian)卡(ka)/厘(li)米(mi)2,比相(xiang)鄰的(de)五臺縣、代縣分(fen)別(bie)多(duo)11.4和(he)3.2千(qian)卡(ka)/厘(li)米(mi)2,分(fen)別(bie)比北(bei)京、長(chang)江中下游(you)一(yi)帶多(duo)9.3和(he)29.3千(qian)卡(ka)/厘(li)米(mi)2。氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候以風(feng)(feng)大、低(di)溫(wen)、降(jiang)水變率大,春(chun)旱(han)年(nian)(nian)份多(duo),無霜期短為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主要(yao)特點,總之氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候涼爽(shuang)、降(jiang)雨集(ji)中、西北(bei)風(feng)(feng)長(chang)年(nian)(nian)不斷、光(guang)照(zhao)充足、晝(zhou)夜溫(wen)差大這樣的(de)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候條件(jian)正好符(fu)合(he)胡麻的(de)生產發育。
二.地域范圍
繁峙(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)位(wei)于晉(jin)北(bei)(bei)東部。東與(yu)靈丘交(jiao)界、西與(yu)代(dai)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)接壤,南與(yu)五臺縣(xian)(xian)(xian)和(he)河北(bei)(bei)省阜平縣(xian)(xian)(xian)相連,北(bei)(bei)與(yu)應縣(xian)(xian)(xian)和(he)渾源為(wei)鄰。繁峙(zhi)(zhi)胡麻油地(di)理標志(zhi)產品保(bao)護范圍(wei)包括繁峙(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)境內砂(sha)河鎮、東山鄉(xiang)(xiang)、金山鋪鄉(xiang)(xiang)、柏(bo)莊鄉(xiang)(xiang)、大營鎮、橫澗鄉(xiang)(xiang)6個鄉(xiang)(xiang)鎮192個村(cun)(cun),東經(jing)113°24′—113°57′,北(bei)(bei)緯39°04′—39°25′。東至(zhi)橫澗馬(ma)跑泉(quan)村(cun)(cun),西至(zhi)砂(sha)河印子坪村(cun)(cun),北(bei)(bei)至(zhi)砂(sha)河地(di)卜溝,南至(zhi)東山鄉(xiang)(xiang)太平溝村(cun)(cun)。近(jin)幾年胡麻年種植面積保(bao)持在980公頃以上(shang),年總產1200噸。
三.產品品質(zhi)特性特征
(1)感官特(te)色:色澤(ze)金黃(huang)透明、氣味濃香。
(2)理化指標: a-亞麻(ma)酸含量(liang)≥51%,單不(bu)飽和(he)脂(zhi)肪(fang)酸≥17.9克(ke)(ke)/100克(ke)(ke),多(duo)不(bu)飽和(he)脂(zhi)肪(fang)酸 ≥67.9克(ke)(ke)/100克(ke)(ke),維(wei)生素E≥396.6毫克(ke)(ke)/100克(ke)(ke)。
(3)質量(liang)安(an)全規定:胡(hu)麻種(zhong)植農藥使(shi)用(yong)應按GB/T8321.1-9(農藥合理使(shi)用(yong)準(zhun)(zhun)則 其最新版本及(ji)隨后所有修改(gai)單均適用(yong)于本標準(zhun)(zhun))和NY/1276-2007(農藥安(an)全使(shi)用(yong)規范準(zhun)(zhun)則)的(de)規定執行;胡(hu)麻種(zhong)植肥料使(shi)用(yong)應符合NY/T496-2010(肥料合理使(shi)用(yong)準(zhun)(zhun)則 通則)要求。
四.特(te)定生產方式
(1)整地(di):秋深(shen)耕,冬(dong)鎮壓(ya)(ya),春季(ji)頂凌粑(ba)磨(mo),播后根據墑情進行(xing)碾壓(ya)(ya)等。
(2)施肥、選種:每(mei)畝施優質農(nong)肥2000公斤、磷酸二銨4-5公斤,過磷酸鈣(gai)10-15公斤做底肥,春季(ji)淺耕時施在犁溝(gou)內,隨后及(ji)時耙(pa)耱(mo)鎮壓。選用晉亞7、8、9、10、11號,隴亞8、9號等(deng)優良品種。
(3)播(bo)種(zhong):平均氣溫穩定通過5℃后,地溫穩定在8-11℃時播(bo)種(zhong),播(bo)種(zhong)方法采用耬播(bo),行距(ju)20-25cm,播(bo)種(zhong)量每畝(mu)3-4kg,深度2—3cm,播(bo)種(zhong)后整壓。
(4)管理:播后(hou)苗(miao)前遇(yu)雨及時(shi)破(po)除板結,出苗(miao)后(hou)及時(shi)中(zhong)耕除草(cao)、間(jian)(jian)苗(miao)、定苗(miao),畝留苗(miao)20萬-25萬株。胡麻現蕾時(shi),進行(xing)一次中(zhong)耕,同時(shi)每畝追施尿(niao)素5-8公斤。 生長后(hou)期,人工拔除田間(jian)(jian)雜草(cao)。
(5)防病(bing):輪作期7年以(yi)上防治枯萎病(bing)。
(6)收(shou)獲、儲存(cun):當胡麻(ma)莖下部葉片變黃部分脫(tuo)落(luo)、有75%的蒴(shuo)果發白變黃、籽粒(li)多數搖動沙(sha)沙(sha)作響(xiang)時收(shou)獲,收(shou)獲后曬干脫(tuo)粒(li)得到胡麻(ma)籽,合理儲存(cun)。
(7)加工(gong)流(liu)程:胡麻籽去雜→壓榨→沉(chen)淀→過(guo)濾→灌裝→包裝貯藏,沉(chen)淀時間≥72個小時,壓榨溫(wen)度≤80℃。