芒果视频下载

一.產品介紹

鄉寧翅(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)果(guo)(guo)為翅(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)果(guo)(guo)油(you)(you)(you)(you)樹(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)果(guo)(guo)實(shi)，是我國(guo)所(suo)特(te)有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)二(er)(er)級重點(dian)保(bao)護植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)，是我國(guo)所(suo)特(te)有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)木(mu)本植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)油(you)(you)(you)(you)料，翅(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)果(guo)(guo)形有(you)(you)八(ba)(ba)(ba)棱(leng)，歷史記(ji)(ji)栽有(you)(you)“八(ba)(ba)(ba)卦(gua)果(guo)(guo)”之稱，相傳曾(ceng)(ceng)為伏羲創造八(ba)(ba)(ba)卦(gua)提(ti)(ti)供靈感(gan)，是現(xian)存第四(si)紀(ji)冰川作用(yong)后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)孑遺(yi)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)之一(yi)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)學分類上(shang)屬胡(hu)頹子科胡(hu)頹子屬植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)，別名(ming)有(you)(you)“澤綠旦”“燈籠果(guo)(guo)”“澤胡(hu)”“仄綠旦” “層壺（胡(hu)）”等，收載《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)志(zhi)第五(wu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)卷(juan)第二(er)(er)分冊》第42頁(ye)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)我國(guo)民間(jian)已有(you)(you)千(qian)余的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)栽植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)歷史，集中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)分布于山西(xi)(xi)南部鄉寧縣(xian)(xian)及周邊地區。1965年(nian)(nian)4月由(you)李(li)大(da)(da)章同志(zhi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)鄉寧縣(xian)(xian)首先(xian)(xian)發現(xian)，后(hou)經鄭萬(wan)鈞(jun)先(xian)(xian)鑒定(ding)，正(zheng)式定(ding)名(ming)為翅(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)果(guo)(guo)，植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)樹(shu)(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)為翅(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)果(guo)(guo)油(you)(you)(you)(you)樹(shu)(shu)。千(qian)百(bai)年(nian)(nian)來，當(dang)地百(bai)姓采用(yong)熬(ao)油(you)(you)(you)(you)和機械榨(zha)油(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方法，進行(xing)食用(yong)，多少(shao)年(nian)(nian)來，誰家(jia)生(sheng)了小孩都會(hui)烙翅(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)果(guo)(guo)油(you)(you)(you)(you)面(mian)餅(bing)讓(rang)產(chan)婦(fu)吃，吃了補充元氣，強健身體(ti)，翅(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)果(guo)(guo)油(you)(you)(you)(you)當(dang)地老百(bai)姓食用(yong)非常(chang)普(pu)遍。每年(nian)(nian)秋初，當(dang)地群眾紛(fen)紛(fen)采集此(ci)果(guo)(guo)以(yi)土法榨(zha)油(you)(you)(you)(you)或(huo)熬(ao)油(you)(you)(you)(you)作為專用(yong)營(ying)養品(pin)食用(yong)，而且常(chang)作為孕(yun)產(chan)期(qi)婦(fu)女滋補用(yong)；或(huo)將(jiang)果(guo)(guo)實(shi)沙碾后(hou)肥田效果(guo)(guo)很好。抗日(ri)戰爭時(shi)期(qi)當(dang)地軍民采食翅(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)果(guo)(guo)油(you)(you)(you)(you)，并且用(yong)來擦拭槍炮。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)上(shang)世(shi)紀(ji)70年(nian)(nian)代在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)山西(xi)(xi)省得(de)到(dao)推(tui)廣(guang)(guang)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，民間(jian)有(you)(you)“山有(you)(you)翅(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)果(guo)(guo)油(you)(you)(you)(you)、致富不發愁”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)說(shuo)法。 鄉寧縣(xian)(xian)志(zhi)記(ji)(ji)載：（鄉寧縣(xian)(xian)志(zhi)卷(juan)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)四(si){二(er)(er)九五(wu)頁(ye)、二(er)(er)九七(qi)頁(ye)}）宋(song)代記(ji)(ji)載：大(da)(da)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)祥符五(wu)年(nian)(nian)四(si)月，慈(ci)州民饑，鄉寧山生(sheng)石(shi)脂(zhi)如面(mian)，可為餅(bing)餌(er)，民用(yong)度(du)荒。山南絳州、龍門疫盛，延至(zhi)周山。戶有(you)(you)羸吟者(zhe)，舊塚未干添(tian)新(xin)塋。然蘭澗、牛尾溝，擇胡(hu)林(lin)深處，方圓二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)里(li)，民健無此(ci)憂。皆曰：因有(you)(you)山神爺(ye)庇佑之。奇？是！清史記(ji)(ji)載：乾隆(long)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)年(nian)(nian)人(ren)疫。近(jin)襄陵(ling)、汾城(cheng)之東(dong)山。瘟大(da)(da)行(xing)，歿者(zhe)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之七(qi)八(ba)(ba)(ba)，苦無健壯(zhuang)者(zhe)斂(lian)葬。惟(wei)，毗關王廟(miao)周山，數十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)莊免。民謂(wei)，托(tuo)層壺辟邪之功也。許。乾隆(long)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)、二(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)連(lian)(lian)歲豐稔(ren)。十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)三年(nian)(nian)旱(han)災歉收。十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)七(qi)年(nian)(nian)旱(han)災歉收。十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)八(ba)(ba)(ba)、九年(nian)(nian)連(lian)(lian)年(nian)(nian)豐稔(ren)。二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)四(si)年(nian)(nian)旱(han)災歉收。四(si)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)年(nian)(nian)有(you)(you)年(nian)(nian)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)上(shang)世(shi)紀(ji)六(liu)、七(qi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)代翅(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)果(guo)(guo)油(you)(you)(you)(you)樹(shu)(shu)因材質優(you)良、果(guo)(guo)實(shi)特(te)殊，曾(ceng)(ceng)作為山西(xi)(xi)省重點(dian)推(tui)廣(guang)(guang)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)我省大(da)(da)量(liang)栽植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)山西(xi)(xi)縣(xian)(xian)鄉寧縣(xian)(xian)、翼(yi)城(cheng)縣(xian)(xian)甘泉(quan)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)衛林(lin)場、蒲縣(xian)(xian)白家(jia)莊林(lin)場、河津、稷山、平陸(lu)、絳縣(xian)(xian)均(jun)有(you)(you)廣(guang)(guang)泛栽植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)翅(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)果(guo)(guo)油(you)(you)(you)(you)樹(shu)(shu)，面(mian)積據統計(ji)達5萬(wan)余畝，曾(ceng)(ceng)以(yi)翅(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)果(guo)(guo)油(you)(you)(you)(you)樹(shu)(shu)為原(yuan)料打(da)制一(yi)套(tao)座椅送給(gei)當(dang)時(shi)國(guo)家(jia)主席。但(dan)由(you)于歷史及種(zhong)(zhong)種(zhong)(zhong)原(yuan)因，加(jia)之翅(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)果(guo)(guo)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)油(you)(you)(you)(you)脂(zhi)生(sheng)產(chan)提(ti)(ti)取(qu)技術的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)落(luo)后(hou)及外來油(you)(you)(you)(you)脂(zhi)原(yuan)料的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)沖(chong)擊，翅(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)果(guo)(guo)油(you)(you)(you)(you)樹(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)度(du)滯后(hou)，但(dan)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)上(shang)世(shi)紀(ji)90年(nian)(nian)代新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)油(you)(you)(you)(you)料提(ti)(ti)取(qu)方法CO2超臨(lin)界萃取(qu)技術在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)我國(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)興起，可以(yi)使翅(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)果(guo)(guo)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)油(you)(you)(you)(you)脂(zhi)得(de)以(yi)充分提(ti)(ti)取(qu)，其功效成份高效無破(po)壞提(ti)(ti)取(qu)方法的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)現(xian)，一(yi)批(pi)新(xin)興的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)油(you)(you)(you)(you)脂(zhi)加(jia)工企業的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)出現(xian)，為翅(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)果(guo)(guo)油(you)(you)(you)(you)樹(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)帶(dai)來了新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)機，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)鄉寧縣(xian)(xian)形成了一(yi)個(ge)新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)業。

二.自然生態環(huan)境和人文歷史因素

鄉(xiang)寧縣(xian)是(shi)翅果(guo)(guo)油樹的(de)分(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)中心(xin)，位(wei)于呂梁山南(nan)端，屬于暖溫(wen)帶大陸性氣(qi)候，地(di)(di)(di)帶性植(zhi)(zhi)被是(shi)落葉(xie)(xie)(xie)闊(kuo)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)林(lin)的(de)西部邊緣，也(ye)是(shi)落葉(xie)(xie)(xie)闊(kuo)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)灌叢(cong)的(de)交混區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)，境(jing)內(nei)山巒(luan)起(qi)伏(fu)，溝(gou)(gou)壑縱橫(heng)，地(di)(di)(di)勢東北(bei)高(gao)(gao)，西南(nan)低(di)，海拔(ba)900—1500米(mi)，分(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)集中地(di)(di)(di)一般(ban)年日照時(shi)數(shu)為(wei)(wei)2400—2500小時(shi)，平(ping)均氣(qi)溫(wen)8--12℃，最高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)度41.3℃，最低(di)溫(wen)度-19℃，年降水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量400-500mm，初(chu)霜期10月(yue)(yue)中旬，終霜期四月(yue)(yue)中旬，生育(yu)期150-180天(tian)。保(bao)(bao)護區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)西南(nan)為(wei)(wei)黃(huang)河(he)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)(xi)(xi)，東北(bei)為(wei)(wei)汾河(he)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)(xi)(xi)。保(bao)(bao)護區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)域(yu)內(nei)土(tu)(tu)壤類(lei)(lei)型多為(wei)(wei)山地(di)(di)(di)褐土(tu)(tu)、丘陵鈣(gai)兩(liang)個類(lei)(lei)型，其(qi)(qi)中褐土(tu)(tu)為(wei)(wei)保(bao)(bao)護區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)域(yu)內(nei)主(zhu)要(yao)土(tu)(tu)種(zhong)，廣(guang)泛分(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)在(zai)翅果(guo)(guo)油樹生長(chang)的(de)山地(di)(di)(di)、丘陵、溝(gou)(gou)谷、川地(di)(di)(di)、塬地(di)(di)(di)上，土(tu)(tu)壤疏松多孔(kong)(kong)，風化作用強烈、礦質養(yang)分(fen)(fen)較(jiao)豐富(fu)，但其(qi)(qi)結合力(li)弱，易被沖刷(shua)，土(tu)(tu)壤肥力(li)較(jiao)為(wei)(wei)貧瘠，土(tu)(tu)壤多呈中性或微酸性，PH值5-8。境(jing)內(nei)山巒(luan)起(qi)伏(fu)，溝(gou)(gou)壑縱橫(heng)，海拔(ba)最高(gao)(gao)點1820.5米(mi)(高(gao)(gao)天(tian)山)，其(qi)(qi)自然特征是(shi)山高(gao)(gao)坡陡，石厚土(tu)(tu)薄，高(gao)(gao)差起(qi)伏(fu)大，氣(qi)候較(jiao)寒冷(leng)，自然植(zhi)(zhi)被較(jiao)好(hao)，植(zhi)(zhi)被覆蓋率大都在(zai)30～80%之間(jian)。本區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)地(di)(di)(di)表水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)主(zhu)要(yao)分(fen)(fen)為(wei)(wei)黃(huang)河(he)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)(xi)(xi)和汾河(he)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)(xi)(xi)，地(di)(di)(di)下(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源比較(jiao)貧乏，埋(mai)藏分(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)面積僅有198萬畝，占全縣(xian)總土(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)面積的(de)56.6%，含水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)層(ceng)深約2—185mm，儲量3200×104立(li)方米(mi)。地(di)(di)(di)下(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)成因陋就簡類(lei)(lei)型主(zhu)要(yao)有：灰頁巖(yan)(yan)裂隙(xi)(xi)溶洞(dong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、沙頁巖(yan)(yan)裂隙(xi)(xi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、碳酸鹽巖(yan)(yan)裂隙(xi)(xi)巖(yan)(yan)溶水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)和松散巖(yan)(yan)類(lei)(lei)層(ceng)類(lei)(lei)孔(kong)(kong)隙(xi)(xi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，局部可見碎屑巖(yan)(yan)類(lei)(lei)層(ceng)間(jian)裂隙(xi)(xi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。地(di)(di)(di)下(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)分(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)五個地(di)(di)(di)質區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)：不(bu)均勻富(fu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、覆蓋松散層(ceng)孔(kong)(kong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)及(ji)下(xia)伏(fu)砂頁巖(yan)(yan)裂隙(xi)(xi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、孔(kong)(kong)隙(xi)(xi)承壓水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、風化巖(yan)(yan)不(bu)均勻富(fu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)和灰巖(yan)(yan)孔(kong)(kong)隙(xi)(xi)潛層(ceng)承壓水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。地(di)(di)(di)下(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)補給主(zhu)要(yao)受大氣(qi)降水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)入(ru)滲(shen)控(kong)制。從植(zhi)(zhi)物區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)來看，鄉(xiang)寧西臨黃(huang)河(he)，東臨臨汾盆地(di)(di)(di)，是(shi)華(hua)北(bei)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)邊緣，也(ye)是(shi)華(hua)北(bei)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)和西北(bei)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)交混處，獨特的(de)生態、地(di)(di)(di)理(li)環境(jing)是(shi)翅果(guo)(guo)油樹生長(chang)和發育(yu)的(de)基礎。

三.地域范圍

鄉(xiang)(xiang)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)翅(chi)果(guo)地(di)理標志的(de)(de)(de)(de)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)范圍是北緯(wei)35°41′30〞--36°09′07〞，東(dong)經(jing)110°30′18〞--111°16′57〞的(de)(de)(de)(de)呂(lv)梁山南端鄉(xiang)(xiang)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)縣(xian)境內，海拔800—1300米的(de)(de)(de)(de)陽坡(po)和半陰坡(po)的(de)(de)(de)(de)山溝(gou)谷地(di)和潮(chao)濕(shi)地(di)區。具體保(bao)護(hu)(hu)地(di)域為(wei)(wei)主要有(you)鄉(xiang)(xiang)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)縣(xian)雙鶴鄉(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)紅(hong)凹、崖下、雙風淹、張(zhang)元、蟬峪河村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)委(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)，關(guan)王廟鄉(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)小碑(bei)、賈莊(zhuang)、后野(ye)頭、太兒凹村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)委(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)及云丘山地(di)區，西(xi)交口(kou)鄉(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)原頭、支家(jia)莊(zhuang)、屯子窯、西(xi)交口(kou)等村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)委(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)及棗嶺(ling)鄉(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)劉嶺(ling)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)委(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)、譚坪村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)委(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)、孟莊(zhuang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)委(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)、長咀(ju)灣(wan)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)委(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)；西(xi)坡(po)鎮的(de)(de)(de)(de)韓咀(ju)、西(xi)坡(po)、硬家(jia)溝(gou)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)委(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)、昌(chang)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)鎮的(de)(de)(de)(de)張(zhang)馬村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)委(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)，共計六個(ge)鄉(xiang)(xiang)鎮二十(shi)二個(ge)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)委(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)規模總面積為(wei)(wei)3000公頃，產(chan)量(liang)10000噸。

四.產品(pin)品(pin)質特(te)性特(te)征(zheng)

1、外在感官特征：鄉寧(ning)翅果為(wei)堅果核果狀，近圓(yuan)形(xing)或闊橢圓(yuan)形(xing)，長1.5～2.2厘(li)米(mi)，徑1.2～1.5厘(li)米(mi)，外部干棉質，稍軟，有八個翅狀棱脊，上部萼筒(tong)宿存；末增大；核（中果皮(pi)）堅硬，有八條鈍縱脊，紡(fang)錘(chui)狀、賀柱型或倒卵型，長1.5～2厘(li)米(mi)，徑1～1.2厘(li)米(mi)，果柄長約3～5厘(li)米(mi)；內果皮(pi)紙(zhi)質，種(zhong)子為(wei)紡(fang)錘(chui)狀，種(zhong)皮(pi)革質，子葉肥厚，含豐富油脂，有核桃仁香味。

2、內在(zai)品質指標：鄉寧(ning)(ning)翅果(guo)含(han)有(you)豐富(fu)的蛋白質、氨基(ji)酸(suan)、維(wei)生素E及微(wei)量(liang)(liang)元素，且脂肪(fang)酸(suan)十分(fen)突出，歷史以來(lai)受到廣(guang)泛的認可(ke)。其(qi)中(zhong)蛋白質含(han)量(liang)(liang)約(yue)36.51g/100g、脂肪(fang)約(yue)45.34g/100g、脂肪(fang)酸(suan)中(zhong)油(you)(you)(you)酸(suan)約(yue)41.16%、亞油(you)(you)(you)酸(suan)約(yue)45.53%、亞麻(ma)酸(suan)約(yue)6.66%。鄉寧(ning)(ning)翅果(guo)是(shi)一種(zhong)稀有(you)的優良木本(ben)油(you)(you)(you)料，含(han)油(you)(you)(you)量(liang)(liang)高(gao)，其(qi)脂肪(fang)酸(suan)中(zhong)亞油(you)(you)(you)酸(suan)、亞麻(ma)酸(suan)含(han)量(liang)(liang)很豐富(fu)；維(wei)生素E的含(han)量(liang)(liang)居植物油(you)(you)(you)料之首(shou)位，其(qi)含(han)油(you)(you)(you)量(liang)(liang)平均可(ke)達(da)20.4%（全果(guo)），種(zhong)仁中(zhong)含(han)油(you)(you)(you)量(liang)(liang)可(ke)達(da)45%。

3、安全(quan)要求：嚴格按照國家(jia)農業(ye)部(bu)頒布的無公害(hai)(hai)食品(pin)標準體系組織生(sheng)產，執(zhi)行《NY5307-2005無公害(hai)(hai)食品(pin)落葉果樹(shu)堅果》要求。

五.特定生產方式

1、產地(di)選擇。鄉寧翅果適宜(yi)種植(zhi)于山(shan)地(di)靠陰(yin)坡或半(ban)陰(yin)坡的山(shan)地(di)褐土，產品(pin)全部(bu)自然生長，無任(ren)何公害。

2、品種(zhong)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇與特定要求。鄉(xiang)寧翅(chi)果在長(chang)期選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)種(zhong)發展(zhan)過(guo)程中，我們(men)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)用著重于研究與豐產性能有(you)重要關系或遺(yi)傳(chuan)性狀(zhuang)較穩定的(de)(de)種(zhong)子，在天(tian)然雜交和(he)自(zi)然選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇過(guo)程中，在不(bu)同的(de)(de)地(di)理環境特性等方面(mian)形成了不(bu)同的(de)(de)自(zi)然類型(xing)，鄉(xiang)寧翅(chi)果主要以(yi)長(chang)果和(he)大宮燈二種(zhong)果實類型(xing)的(de)(de)植株作為母體進行種(zhong)子的(de)(de)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)育(yu)和(he)扦插(cha)母本(ben)的(de)(de)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇，以(yi)實現翅(chi)果在生長(chang)繁(fan)育(yu)過(guo)程中的(de)(de)穩定性狀(zhuang)。

3、生產過(guo)程管(guan)理，包括農業投入品方(fang)面的(de)(de)特殊(shu)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)規定。鄉(xiang)寧翅(chi)果在生產過(guo)程中嚴格(ge)執行合作社的(de)(de)統一管(guan)理按合作社技(ji)術(shu)人員(yuan)的(de)(de)要求(qiu)進行，鄉(xiang)寧翅(chi)果的(de)(de)繁(fan)(fan)(fan)育分(fen)有(you)性(xing)繁(fan)(fan)(fan)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)（種(zhong)(zhong)子育苗）和無(wu)性(xing)繁(fan)(fan)(fan)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)（扦插繁(fan)(fan)(fan)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、嫁(jia)接繁(fan)(fan)(fan)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)）兩種(zhong)(zhong)，有(you)性(xing)繁(fan)(fan)(fan)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)較為經濟實用(yong)(yong)，而且(qie)無(wu)性(xing)繁(fan)(fan)(fan)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)產品性(xing)狀穩定，品質較為優良，隨著技(ji)術(shu)的(de)(de)不斷發(fa)展，無(wu)性(xing)繁(fan)(fan)(fan)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)成為鄉(xiang)寧翅(chi)果的(de)(de)主要育苗手(shou)段。

（1）有性繁殖（種子育苗）：采(cai)(cai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)及種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)處(chu)理：鄉寧翅果(guo)(guo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)在(zai)九月(yue)初(chu)(chu)成(cheng)熟。選(xuan)擇好(hao)(hao)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)后(hou)快成(cheng)熟的(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)，外(wai)皮(pi)初(chu)(chu)為灰(hui)白色(se)，待變為圭黃色(se)時，用(yong)(yong)手指(zhi)一(yi)捏，外(wai)果(guo)(guo)皮(pi)與(yu)堅果(guo)(guo)基本分(fen)離，此(ci)(ci)時種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)已成(cheng)熟，即(ji)可(ke)(ke)采(cai)(cai)收。采(cai)(cai)回的(de)果(guo)(guo)實(shi)要及時攤開，翻曬(shai)一(yi)兩天，去雜(za)干藏或將采(cai)(cai)回后(hou)的(de)果(guo)(guo)實(shi)陰(yin)干（不除外(wai)果(guo)(guo)皮(pi)），也可(ke)(ke)供(gong)育苗(miao)或直(zhi)播(bo)(bo)造(zao)林用(yong)(yong)。每公(gong)斤種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)約一(yi)千二百粒。準備春季育苗(miao)用(yong)(yong)和種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)，選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)混砂處(chu)理較好(hao)(hao)，其方(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)一(yi)是：在(zai)室外(wai)選(xuan)一(yi)背(bei)陰(yin)處(chu)不積水的(de)地方(fang)(fang)，平整壘一(yi)磚(zhuan)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)，池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)高六(liu)個磚(zhuan)厚(hou)，寬(kuan)三(san)磚(zhuan)長(chang)（長(chang)視種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)多少而定）。池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)外(wai)磚(zhuan)壁用(yong)(yong)土(tu)培好(hao)(hao)踩實(shi)，以不漏水為宜。池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)底鋪(pu)濕(shi)砂約一(yi)寸厚(hou)，再把種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)與(yu)濕(shi)砂按1：3比例混合，混全好(hao)(hao)后(hou)放入池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)內，攤平，上(shang)面復蓋(gai)二寸厚(hou)濕(shi)沙(sha)，再復二厘米(mi)厚(hou)的(de)土(tu)即(ji)可(ke)(ke)。翌(yi)年三(san)月(yue)下旬檢(jian)查(cha)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)，如有裂咀吐(tu)芽，在(zai)百分(fen)之五(wu)十以上(shang)時即(ji)可(ke)(ke)播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。方(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)二種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)處(chu)理同上(shang)，如有積雪，池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)項上(shang)就不再復土(tu)可(ke)(ke)將雪直(zhi)接(jie)堆埋池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)子(zi)(zi)，雪厚(hou)以一(yi)尺五(wu)以上(shang)為好(hao)(hao)。如冬無雪，可(ke)(ke)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)冰(bing)凍處(chu)理，即(ji)在(zai)嚴冬季節，將放好(hao)(hao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)的(de)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)內灌足水，處(chu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)和沙(sha)全部(bu)結(jie)冰(bing)于池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)內，上(shang)面再復蓋(gai)一(yi)寸左右的(de)鋸末屑，待翌(yi)年雪或冰(bing)自然(ran)溶化后(hou)，沙(sha)子(zi)(zi)沙(sha)子(zi)(zi)表(biao)層已濕(shi)，檢(jian)查(cha)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)和沙(sha)已發(fa)漓時，此(ci)(ci)時種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)正好(hao)(hao)裂咀吐(tu)芽，用(yong)(yong)篩(shai)子(zi)(zi)取出種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)即(ji)可(ke)(ke)播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，此(ci)(ci)法(fa)(fa)比第一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)發(fa)芽整齊，帶(dai)果(guo)(guo)好(hao)(hao)。

（2）整(zheng)地育(yu)苗：育(yu)苗地應深(shen)翻(fan)20cm以上，結合深(shen)翻(fan)每畝(mu)施入腐熟廄(jiu)肥，隨(sui)(sui)翻(fan)隨(sui)(sui)耙，粉碎土塊，整(zheng)平圃地，做畦(qi)備種(zhong)(zhong)。秋播(bo)(bo)(bo)，在(zai)地封(feng)(feng)凍前播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)，播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)時(shi)用犁開溝，條播(bo)(bo)(bo)溝深(shen)七厘(li)米左右，行距四十厘(li)米，播(bo)(bo)(bo)后耙平即(ji)可，每畝(mu)下(xia)種(zhong)(zhong)量(liang)一(yi)百斤，有(you)條件(jian)時(shi)，在(zai)封(feng)(feng)凍前灌一(yi)次水(shui)更好(hao)。春播(bo)(bo)(bo)，經混(hun)沙(sha)處理的種(zhong)(zhong)子，裂咀(ju)吐(tu)芽(ya)即(ji)可播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)，方法同上。分株(zhu)繁殖，大(da)樹根際(ji)常發生很多萌(meng)芽(ya)，一(yi)般選留粗壯的，到(dao)二、三(san)年生時(shi)，于春季三(san)月中(zhong)(zhong)旬(xun)左右，帶根切離(li)母(mu)株(zhu)，進行移植，或直接定植，栽時(shi)不宜(yi)過(guo)深(shen)，以根部(bu)埋入土中(zhong)(zhong)比(bi)原來深(shen)些(xie)為宜(yi)。

（3）苗(miao)地管(guan)理(li)措施(shi)：早(zao)春對秋(qiu)播(bo)的(de)(de)田(tian)地應進(jin)行一(yi)次頂凌耙地，可(ke)以(yi)起(qi)到保墑、提高(gao)地混的(de)(de)作(zuo)用，實踐證(zheng)明，播(bo)種(zhong)的(de)(de)苗(miao)木(mu)在五至六(liu)月間(jian)，幼苗(miao)生長(chang)(chang)慢，在管(guan)理(li)上以(yi)松土(tu)(tu)除草為主，結(jie)合間(jian)苗(miao)，為提高(gao)單位面積的(de)(de)產(chan)苗(miao)量，灑用前后左(zuo)右開(kai)留苗(miao)，株(zhu)距十五厘(li)米(mi)左(zuo)右，結(jie)合灌水施(shi)少(shao)量氮肥提苗(miao)。七(qi)至八月，苗(miao)木(mu)生長(chang)(chang)迅(xun)速(su)，耗肥量大(da)，此時，以(yi)溝施(shi)氮肥主，施(shi)后進(jin)行澆(jiao)水，并進(jin)行松土(tu)(tu)除草。九月后，苗(miao)木(mu)生長(chang)(chang)迅(xun)速(su)下(xia)降，此時應控制肥水，伸進(jin)新稍木(mu)質化。這樣培育出的(de)(de)苗(miao)木(mu)健壯，一(yi)年生苗(miao)高(gao)可(ke)達(da)一(yi)米(mi)左(zuo)右，地徑(jing)一(yi)至一(yi)點(dian)二厘(li)米(mi)，每畝可(ke)產(chan)苗(miao)木(mu)一(yi)萬二千株(zhu)。經過多年來(lai)的(de)(de)育苗(miao)實踐，我們總結(jie)出：秋(qiu)播(bo)比(bi)春播(bo)好(hao)(hao)，春播(bo)經過處(chu)理(li)的(de)(de)種(zhong)子(zi)比(bi)不處(chu)理(li)的(de)(de)種(zhong)子(zi)好(hao)(hao)，所以(yi)盡量采用晚秋(qiu)下(xia)種(zhong)，一(yi)則(ze)可(ke)以(yi)省支處(chu)理(li)種(zhong)子(zi)的(de)(de)工序，二則(ze)使苗(miao)圃工作(zuo)趕前一(yi)步(bu)。無秋(qiu)播(bo)條(tiao)件的(de)(de)（在種(zhong)子(zi)或土(tu)(tu)地來(lai)不及的(de)(de)情況下(xia)），可(ke)采用春播(bo)，但種(zhong)子(zi)必須經過處(chu)理(li)，此法也是(shi)可(ke)行的(de)(de)。

（4）無性繁殖(扦插、嫁接育苗)：翅果油(you)樹(shu)嫩枝(zhi)扦插(cha)育苗是利用當年生(sheng)的(de)新(xin)枝(zhi)條剪取插(cha)穗，用帶葉(xie)的(de)枝(zhi)條可以自身合成營養(yang)物質和(he)生(sheng)根物質，因此比硬枝(zhi)更容易生(sheng)根。翅果油(you)樹(shu)對沙棘和(he)牛(niu)奶子的(de)嫁接成活率(lv)分別為35％和(he)60％。

4、產(chan)品收(shou)獲后處理的(de)規定。鄉寧翅果(guo)(guo)成熟(shu)(shu)(shu)期在(zai)九月上旬，成熟(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)種(zhong)子(zi)外皮初(chu)為灰白色，待變為圭黃(huang)色時，用手指一(yi)捏，外果(guo)(guo)皮與堅果(guo)(guo)基本分離(li)(li)，此(ci)時種(zhong)子(zi)已(yi)成熟(shu)(shu)(shu)，即可采(cai)收(shou)。采(cai)回的(de)果(guo)(guo)實(shi)要及(ji)時攤(tan)開，須(xu)在(zai)陽光通風翻曬一(yi)兩(liang)天，去雜干藏或將(jiang)采(cai)回后的(de)果(guo)(guo)實(shi)陰干（不(bu)除(chu)外果(guo)(guo)皮），以(yi)(yi)透氣型包裝(zhuang)進(jin)行裝(zhuang)袋，在(zai)庫房保(bao)(bao)存時包裝(zhuang)物距地面保(bao)(bao)持10-15cm的(de)距離(li)(li)以(yi)(yi)專門隔潮物與地面分離(li)(li)，保(bao)(bao)持庫房的(de)通風、防害，溫度保(bao)(bao)持在(zai)20℃以(yi)(yi)下。

5、生產記(ji)(ji)錄(lu)(lu)(lu)要求(qiu)。設立專門的記(ji)(ji)錄(lu)(lu)(lu)員負(fu)責農(nong)(nong)(nong)時操(cao)作(zuo)記(ji)(ji)錄(lu)(lu)(lu)；農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥使(shi)用(yong)(yong)記(ji)(ji)錄(lu)(lu)(lu)檔案(an)應完整、真實(shi)，并按作(zuo)物分別(bie)記(ji)(ji)錄(lu)(lu)(lu)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)的農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥名(ming)稱，包(bao)括(kuo)(kuo)通用(yong)(yong)名(ming)和商品(pin)名(ming)、登記(ji)(ji)證號(hao)、劑型、防(fang)治對象、時間(jian)、施用(yong)(yong)量、次數、安全間(jian)隔期；肥料(liao)(liao)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)記(ji)(ji)錄(lu)(lu)(lu)檔案(an)應完整、真實(shi)，內容包(bao)括(kuo)(kuo)肥料(liao)(liao)名(ming)稱、登記(ji)(ji)證號(hao)、類(lei)(lei)型、施用(yong)(yong)量、施用(yong)(yong)方法、次數等(deng)；及時做(zuo)好各類(lei)(lei)農(nong)(nong)(nong)時操(cao)作(zuo)記(ji)(ji)錄(lu)(lu)(lu)、產量記(ji)(ji)錄(lu)(lu)(lu)和產品(pin)銷售記(ji)(ji)錄(lu)(lu)(lu)。