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一.產品介紹

鄉(xiang)(xiang)寧(ning)翅(chi)(chi)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)為翅(chi)(chi)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)油(you)(you)(you)樹(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實，是我(wo)國(guo)(guo)所(suo)特(te)有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)二級重點保護植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物，是我(wo)國(guo)(guo)所(suo)特(te)有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)木(mu)本(ben)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物油(you)(you)(you)料(liao)，翅(chi)(chi)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)形(xing)有(you)八(ba)棱，歷史(shi)記栽有(you)“八(ba)卦(gua)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)”之(zhi)(zhi)稱，相傳曾(ceng)為伏羲創(chuang)造八(ba)卦(gua)提(ti)(ti)(ti)供靈感，是現存第(di)四(si)(si)紀冰川作(zuo)用后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)孑遺(yi)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物之(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)，在植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物學分(fen)(fen)類上(shang)(shang)屬(shu)胡頹子(zi)(zi)科胡頹子(zi)(zi)屬(shu)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物，別名有(you)“澤綠旦”“燈籠果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)”“澤胡”“仄(ze)綠旦” “層壺（胡）”等(deng)，收(shou)載(zai)《中國(guo)(guo)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物志(zhi)(zhi)第(di)五十(shi)二卷(juan)第(di)二分(fen)(fen)冊》第(di)42頁。在我(wo)國(guo)(guo)民間(jian)已有(you)千(qian)余的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)栽植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)歷史(shi)，集中分(fen)(fen)布于山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)西南部鄉(xiang)(xiang)寧(ning)縣(xian)及周(zhou)邊(bian)地(di)(di)區。1965年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)4月(yue)(yue)由李大(da)(da)(da)章(zhang)同志(zhi)(zhi)在鄉(xiang)(xiang)寧(ning)縣(xian)首先發(fa)(fa)現，后(hou)經鄭(zheng)萬鈞先鑒定，正式(shi)定名為翅(chi)(chi)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)，植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物樹(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)為翅(chi)(chi)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)油(you)(you)(you)樹(shu)。千(qian)百年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)來(lai)，當(dang)地(di)(di)百姓采(cai)(cai)用熬(ao)油(you)(you)(you)和機械(xie)榨(zha)油(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方法(fa)，進(jin)行(xing)食(shi)用，多(duo)少年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)來(lai)，誰(shui)家(jia)生了小孩都會烙翅(chi)(chi)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)油(you)(you)(you)面(mian)餅讓產(chan)婦(fu)(fu)吃，吃了補充(chong)元(yuan)氣，強(qiang)健身體，翅(chi)(chi)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)油(you)(you)(you)當(dang)地(di)(di)老(lao)百姓食(shi)用非常普遍(bian)。每年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)秋初，當(dang)地(di)(di)群眾紛紛采(cai)(cai)集此果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)以(yi)土法(fa)榨(zha)油(you)(you)(you)或熬(ao)油(you)(you)(you)作(zuo)為專用營養品(pin)食(shi)用，而且常作(zuo)為孕(yun)產(chan)期婦(fu)(fu)女滋(zi)補用；或將果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實沙碾后(hou)肥田效(xiao)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)很好。抗日戰爭時期當(dang)地(di)(di)軍民采(cai)(cai)食(shi)翅(chi)(chi)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)油(you)(you)(you)，并(bing)且用來(lai)擦拭槍炮。在上(shang)(shang)世(shi)紀70年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)代(dai)在山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)西省得到推廣(guang)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，民間(jian)有(you)“山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)有(you)翅(chi)(chi)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)油(you)(you)(you)、致富不發(fa)(fa)愁”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)說法(fa)。 鄉(xiang)(xiang)寧(ning)縣(xian)志(zhi)(zhi)記載(zai)：（鄉(xiang)(xiang)寧(ning)縣(xian)志(zhi)(zhi)卷(juan)十(shi)四(si)(si){二九(jiu)五頁、二九(jiu)七頁}）宋代(dai)記載(zai)：大(da)(da)(da)中祥符五年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)四(si)(si)月(yue)(yue)，慈州民饑，鄉(xiang)(xiang)寧(ning)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)生石(shi)脂如面(mian)，可(ke)為餅餌(er)，民用度(du)荒(huang)。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)南絳州、龍門疫(yi)盛，延(yan)至周(zhou)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)。戶有(you)羸(lei)吟者(zhe)，舊塚(zhong)未干添新(xin)塋(ying)。然蘭(lan)澗、牛(niu)尾溝，擇(ze)胡林深(shen)處，方圓二十(shi)里(li)，民健無(wu)此憂。皆曰(yue)：因(yin)有(you)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)神爺(ye)庇佑之(zhi)(zhi)。奇？是！清史(shi)記載(zai)：乾隆(long)十(shi)一(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)人疫(yi)。近(jin)襄陵、汾城之(zhi)(zhi)東山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)。瘟大(da)(da)(da)行(xing)，歿者(zhe)十(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)七八(ba)，苦無(wu)健壯者(zhe)斂葬。惟，毗關王(wang)廟周(zhou)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)，數十(shi)莊免。民謂，托層壺辟(pi)邪之(zhi)(zhi)功(gong)也。許(xu)。乾隆(long)十(shi)一(yi)、二年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)連歲豐稔。十(shi)三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)旱(han)災歉(qian)收(shou)。十(shi)七年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)旱(han)災歉(qian)收(shou)。十(shi)八(ba)、九(jiu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)連年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)豐稔。二十(shi)四(si)(si)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)旱(han)災歉(qian)收(shou)。四(si)(si)十(shi)五年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)有(you)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)。在上(shang)(shang)世(shi)紀六、七十(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)代(dai)翅(chi)(chi)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)油(you)(you)(you)樹(shu)因(yin)材質優(you)良、果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實特(te)殊，曾(ceng)作(zuo)為山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)西省重點推廣(guang)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)在我(wo)省大(da)(da)(da)量栽植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，在山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)西縣(xian)鄉(xiang)(xiang)寧(ning)縣(xian)、翼城縣(xian)甘泉、中衛(wei)林場(chang)(chang)、蒲縣(xian)白家(jia)莊林場(chang)(chang)、河津、稷山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、平陸、絳縣(xian)均有(you)廣(guang)泛栽植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)翅(chi)(chi)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)油(you)(you)(you)樹(shu)，面(mian)積(ji)據統計達(da)5萬余畝，曾(ceng)以(yi)翅(chi)(chi)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)油(you)(you)(you)樹(shu)為原料(liao)打制一(yi)套座(zuo)椅送給當(dang)時國(guo)(guo)家(jia)主(zhu)席。但由于歷史(shi)及種(zhong)(zhong)種(zhong)(zhong)原因(yin)，加之(zhi)(zhi)翅(chi)(chi)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)中油(you)(you)(you)脂生產(chan)提(ti)(ti)(ti)取(qu)(qu)(qu)技術的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)落后(hou)及外來(lai)油(you)(you)(you)脂原料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)沖擊，翅(chi)(chi)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)油(you)(you)(you)樹(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)度(du)滯(zhi)后(hou)，但在上(shang)(shang)世(shi)紀90年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)代(dai)新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)油(you)(you)(you)料(liao)提(ti)(ti)(ti)取(qu)(qu)(qu)方法(fa)CO2超臨(lin)界萃取(qu)(qu)(qu)技術在我(wo)國(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)興起，可(ke)以(yi)使翅(chi)(chi)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)中油(you)(you)(you)脂得以(yi)充(chong)分(fen)(fen)提(ti)(ti)(ti)取(qu)(qu)(qu)，其功(gong)效(xiao)成份(fen)高效(xiao)無(wu)破壞提(ti)(ti)(ti)取(qu)(qu)(qu)方法(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實現，一(yi)批新(xin)興的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)油(you)(you)(you)脂加工企業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)出現，為翅(chi)(chi)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)油(you)(you)(you)樹(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)帶來(lai)了新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生機，在鄉(xiang)(xiang)寧(ning)縣(xian)形(xing)成了一(yi)個(ge)新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)。

二.自然生態環境和人文歷史(shi)因素(su)

鄉寧縣是(shi)(shi)(shi)翅果油(you)樹的(de)分(fen)布中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心，位于(yu)呂梁山(shan)(shan)南(nan)端，屬于(yu)暖溫帶(dai)大(da)(da)陸性氣(qi)候(hou)，地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)帶(dai)性植(zhi)被是(shi)(shi)(shi)落(luo)葉(xie)闊(kuo)葉(xie)林的(de)西(xi)(xi)部(bu)邊(bian)緣，也是(shi)(shi)(shi)落(luo)葉(xie)闊(kuo)葉(xie)灌叢的(de)交(jiao)(jiao)混(hun)區(qu)(qu)(qu)，境內(nei)山(shan)(shan)巒起伏，溝(gou)壑縱橫，地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)勢東北(bei)(bei)高(gao)，西(xi)(xi)南(nan)低，海(hai)拔(ba)900—1500米(mi)，分(fen)布集中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)般年(nian)日照時數為2400—2500小時，平(ping)均氣(qi)溫8--12℃，最(zui)高(gao)溫度(du)41.3℃，最(zui)低溫度(du)-19℃，年(nian)降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)400-500mm，初霜期(qi)10月中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)旬，終霜期(qi)四月中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)旬，生育(yu)期(qi)150-180天(tian)。保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)西(xi)(xi)南(nan)為黃(huang)河(he)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系，東北(bei)(bei)為汾(fen)河(he)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系。保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)域內(nei)土壤(rang)(rang)類(lei)型(xing)多為山(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)褐土、丘陵鈣兩個類(lei)型(xing)，其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)褐土為保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)域內(nei)主(zhu)要土種，廣泛分(fen)布在(zai)翅果油(you)樹生長的(de)山(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)、丘陵、溝(gou)谷、川地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)、塬地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)上，土壤(rang)(rang)疏(shu)松(song)(song)多孔(kong)(kong)，風(feng)化作用強(qiang)烈、礦(kuang)質養分(fen)較(jiao)(jiao)豐富(fu)，但其(qi)(qi)結合力弱，易(yi)被沖(chong)刷，土壤(rang)(rang)肥力較(jiao)(jiao)為貧瘠(ji)，土壤(rang)(rang)多呈中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)性或微酸性，PH值5-8。境內(nei)山(shan)(shan)巒起伏，溝(gou)壑縱橫，海(hai)拔(ba)最(zui)高(gao)點1820.5米(mi)(高(gao)天(tian)山(shan)(shan))，其(qi)(qi)自然特(te)征是(shi)(shi)(shi)山(shan)(shan)高(gao)坡(po)陡(dou)，石厚土薄，高(gao)差起伏大(da)(da)，氣(qi)候(hou)較(jiao)(jiao)寒冷，自然植(zhi)被較(jiao)(jiao)好，植(zhi)被覆蓋率大(da)(da)都在(zai)30～80%之間。本(ben)區(qu)(qu)(qu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)表水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)主(zhu)要分(fen)為黃(huang)河(he)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系和(he)(he)汾(fen)河(he)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系，地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)下水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)比較(jiao)(jiao)貧乏(fa)，埋藏分(fen)布面積(ji)僅有198萬畝(mu)，占全縣總土地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面積(ji)的(de)56.6%，含(han)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)層深約2—185mm，儲量(liang)3200×104立方米(mi)。地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)下水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)成(cheng)因(yin)陋就簡類(lei)型(xing)主(zhu)要有：灰(hui)(hui)頁巖裂(lie)隙溶(rong)洞水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、沙頁巖裂(lie)隙水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、碳(tan)酸鹽巖裂(lie)隙巖溶(rong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)和(he)(he)松(song)(song)散巖類(lei)層類(lei)孔(kong)(kong)隙水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，局(ju)部(bu)可見碎屑巖類(lei)層間裂(lie)隙水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)下水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)分(fen)布分(fen)五(wu)個地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)質區(qu)(qu)(qu)：不(bu)(bu)均勻富(fu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)區(qu)(qu)(qu)、覆蓋松(song)(song)散層孔(kong)(kong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)及下伏砂(sha)頁巖裂(lie)隙水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)區(qu)(qu)(qu)、孔(kong)(kong)隙承(cheng)壓(ya)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)區(qu)(qu)(qu)、風(feng)化巖不(bu)(bu)均勻富(fu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)區(qu)(qu)(qu)和(he)(he)灰(hui)(hui)巖孔(kong)(kong)隙潛層承(cheng)壓(ya)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)區(qu)(qu)(qu)。地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)下水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)補給主(zhu)要受大(da)(da)氣(qi)降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)入滲控制(zhi)。從植(zhi)物(wu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)系來看，鄉寧西(xi)(xi)臨黃(huang)河(he)，東臨臨汾(fen)盆地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)華北(bei)(bei)區(qu)(qu)(qu)系的(de)邊(bian)緣，也是(shi)(shi)(shi)華北(bei)(bei)區(qu)(qu)(qu)系和(he)(he)西(xi)(xi)北(bei)(bei)區(qu)(qu)(qu)系的(de)交(jiao)(jiao)混(hun)處(chu)，獨特(te)的(de)生態、地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)理環(huan)境是(shi)(shi)(shi)翅果油(you)樹生長和(he)(he)發育(yu)的(de)基礎。

三.地域范圍

鄉(xiang)(xiang)寧(ning)(ning)翅果(guo)地理標志的(de)(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)護范圍(wei)是北緯35°41′30〞--36°09′07〞，東經110°30′18〞--111°16′57〞的(de)(de)(de)呂梁山南端鄉(xiang)(xiang)寧(ning)(ning)縣境內(nei)，海(hai)拔(ba)800—1300米的(de)(de)(de)陽坡(po)和半陰坡(po)的(de)(de)(de)山溝(gou)谷地和潮濕地區(qu)。具體(ti)保(bao)(bao)護地域為(wei)主要有鄉(xiang)(xiang)寧(ning)(ning)縣雙(shuang)鶴鄉(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)紅(hong)凹、崖下、雙(shuang)風淹、張元、蟬峪河(he)村(cun)委(wei)，關(guan)王(wang)廟鄉(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)小碑、賈莊、后野(ye)頭、太(tai)兒凹村(cun)委(wei)及(ji)云(yun)丘山地區(qu)，西交口鄉(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)原頭、支家莊、屯子(zi)窯、西交口等村(cun)委(wei)及(ji)棗嶺鄉(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)劉(liu)嶺村(cun)委(wei)、譚坪村(cun)委(wei)、孟莊村(cun)委(wei)、長咀灣村(cun)委(wei)；西坡(po)鎮(zhen)(zhen)的(de)(de)(de)韓咀、西坡(po)、硬(ying)家溝(gou)村(cun)委(wei)、昌寧(ning)(ning)鎮(zhen)(zhen)的(de)(de)(de)張馬村(cun)委(wei)，共計六(liu)個鄉(xiang)(xiang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)二十(shi)二個村(cun)委(wei)保(bao)(bao)護規模總(zong)面積為(wei)3000公頃，產量10000噸。

四.產品品質特性特征

1、外(wai)在感官(guan)特征：鄉寧翅果(guo)為(wei)堅果(guo)核(he)果(guo)狀，近(jin)圓形或闊橢圓形，長1.5～2.2厘米，徑1.2～1.5厘米，外(wai)部干棉質(zhi)(zhi)，稍軟，有八(ba)個翅狀棱脊(ji)，上部萼筒(tong)宿存(cun)；末(mo)增大；核(he)（中(zhong)果(guo)皮(pi)(pi)）堅硬，有八(ba)條鈍縱脊(ji)，紡錘狀、賀柱型(xing)(xing)或倒卵型(xing)(xing)，長1.5～2厘米，徑1～1.2厘米，果(guo)柄長約3～5厘米；內(nei)果(guo)皮(pi)(pi)紙質(zhi)(zhi)，種(zhong)子為(wei)紡錘狀，種(zhong)皮(pi)(pi)革(ge)質(zhi)(zhi)，子葉(xie)肥(fei)厚，含(han)豐富油脂，有核(he)桃(tao)仁香味。

2、內(nei)在品質指標：鄉寧翅(chi)果(guo)含(han)有豐(feng)富的蛋白質、氨基酸、維生(sheng)素E及微量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)元(yuan)素，且脂(zhi)肪酸十分突出(chu)，歷史以來受到(dao)廣泛的認可(ke)。其(qi)中(zhong)蛋白質含(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)約(yue)36.51g/100g、脂(zhi)肪約(yue)45.34g/100g、脂(zhi)肪酸中(zhong)油(you)(you)酸約(yue)41.16%、亞油(you)(you)酸約(yue)45.53%、亞麻(ma)酸約(yue)6.66%。鄉寧翅(chi)果(guo)是一種(zhong)(zhong)稀有的優良(liang)木本油(you)(you)料(liao)，含(han)油(you)(you)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)高，其(qi)脂(zhi)肪酸中(zhong)亞油(you)(you)酸、亞麻(ma)酸含(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)很(hen)豐(feng)富；維生(sheng)素E的含(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)居(ju)植物油(you)(you)料(liao)之首位，其(qi)含(han)油(you)(you)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)平(ping)均可(ke)達(da)20.4%（全果(guo)），種(zhong)(zhong)仁中(zhong)含(han)油(you)(you)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)可(ke)達(da)45%。

3、安全要求：嚴(yan)格按照國(guo)家(jia)農(nong)業部頒布的無(wu)公害食(shi)(shi)品標準體系組(zu)織生產，執行(xing)《NY5307-2005無(wu)公害食(shi)(shi)品落葉(xie)果樹堅果》要求。

五(wu).特定生產(chan)方式

1、產(chan)地(di)(di)選(xuan)擇(ze)。鄉寧(ning)翅(chi)果適宜種植于山地(di)(di)靠陰(yin)坡或半陰(yin)坡的(de)山地(di)(di)褐(he)土，產(chan)品全部自然生長，無任何公(gong)害。

2、品種(zhong)(zhong)選(xuan)(xuan)擇與(yu)特定要求。鄉(xiang)寧翅果(guo)在(zai)長期選(xuan)(xuan)種(zhong)(zhong)發(fa)展過程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)，我(wo)們(men)選(xuan)(xuan)用著(zhu)重(zhong)于研究與(yu)豐產性能有重(zhong)要關系或遺傳性狀(zhuang)(zhuang)較穩(wen)定的(de)種(zhong)(zhong)子，在(zai)天然(ran)(ran)雜交和自(zi)(zi)然(ran)(ran)選(xuan)(xuan)擇過程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)，在(zai)不(bu)同(tong)的(de)地理(li)環境特性等方面形成了(le)不(bu)同(tong)的(de)自(zi)(zi)然(ran)(ran)類(lei)型(xing)，鄉(xiang)寧翅果(guo)主要以長果(guo)和大(da)宮燈二種(zhong)(zhong)果(guo)實(shi)類(lei)型(xing)的(de)植株作為母(mu)體(ti)進行種(zhong)(zhong)子的(de)選(xuan)(xuan)育和扦(qian)插(cha)母(mu)本的(de)選(xuan)(xuan)擇，以實(shi)現翅果(guo)在(zai)生長繁育過程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)的(de)穩(wen)定性狀(zhuang)(zhuang)。

3、生(sheng)產過(guo)程管(guan)理(li)，包(bao)括農業(ye)投入品(pin)方面的特殊(shu)使(shi)用規定。鄉寧(ning)(ning)翅果(guo)在生(sheng)產過(guo)程中嚴格執行(xing)合作(zuo)社(she)的統一(yi)管(guan)理(li)按合作(zuo)社(she)技術(shu)人員的要求進行(xing)，鄉寧(ning)(ning)翅果(guo)的繁育分有(you)性繁殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)（種子育苗(miao)）和無性繁殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)（扦插繁殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、嫁接(jie)繁殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)）兩種，有(you)性繁殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)較(jiao)為經濟實用，而且無性繁殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)產品(pin)性狀穩定，品(pin)質較(jiao)為優良，隨著技術(shu)的不斷發展，無性繁殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)成為鄉寧(ning)(ning)翅果(guo)的主要育苗(miao)手段。

（1）有性繁殖（種子育苗）：采(cai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)及(ji)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)處(chu)理(li)(li)：鄉寧翅果(guo)(guo)(guo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)在(zai)(zai)九月初成(cheng)熟。選(xuan)擇好(hao)(hao)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)后(hou)快(kuai)成(cheng)熟的種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)，外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)皮(pi)初為(wei)灰白色，待變為(wei)圭黃色時(shi)(shi)，用手(shou)指一(yi)(yi)捏，外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)果(guo)(guo)(guo)皮(pi)與堅果(guo)(guo)(guo)基本分離(li)，此(ci)(ci)時(shi)(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)已(yi)(yi)成(cheng)熟，即(ji)可采(cai)收。采(cai)回(hui)的果(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)要及(ji)時(shi)(shi)攤開(kai)，翻曬一(yi)(yi)兩(liang)天，去雜干藏(zang)或將(jiang)(jiang)采(cai)回(hui)后(hou)的果(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)陰(yin)干（不(bu)除(chu)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)果(guo)(guo)(guo)皮(pi)），也可供育苗(miao)或直播造林(lin)用。每公斤種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)約(yue)一(yi)(yi)千二百粒。準備春(chun)季(ji)(ji)育苗(miao)用和種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)，選(xuan)用混(hun)砂處(chu)理(li)(li)較(jiao)好(hao)(hao)，其(qi)方(fang)(fang)法一(yi)(yi)是：在(zai)(zai)室(shi)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)選(xuan)一(yi)(yi)背陰(yin)處(chu)不(bu)積水(shui)(shui)的地方(fang)(fang)，平(ping)整(zheng)壘一(yi)(yi)磚池(chi)，池(chi)高六(liu)個磚厚，寬三(san)(san)磚長（長視種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)多(duo)少而定）。池(chi)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)磚壁用土(tu)培好(hao)(hao)踩實(shi)，以不(bu)漏水(shui)(shui)為(wei)宜(yi)。池(chi)底鋪(pu)濕砂約(yue)一(yi)(yi)寸厚，再(zai)把(ba)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)與濕砂按1：3比例混(hun)合，混(hun)全好(hao)(hao)后(hou)放(fang)(fang)入池(chi)內，攤平(ping)，上面(mian)復(fu)蓋(gai)(gai)二寸厚濕沙(sha)，再(zai)復(fu)二厘米(mi)厚的土(tu)即(ji)可。翌年(nian)三(san)(san)月下旬檢查種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)，如有(you)裂(lie)咀吐芽(ya)，在(zai)(zai)百分之五十以上時(shi)(shi)即(ji)可播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。方(fang)(fang)法二種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)處(chu)理(li)(li)同(tong)上，如有(you)積雪(xue)(xue)，池(chi)項上就(jiu)不(bu)再(zai)復(fu)土(tu)可將(jiang)(jiang)雪(xue)(xue)直接(jie)堆(dui)埋(mai)池(chi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)，雪(xue)(xue)厚以一(yi)(yi)尺五以上為(wei)好(hao)(hao)。如冬無雪(xue)(xue)，可采(cai)用冰(bing)凍處(chu)理(li)(li)，即(ji)在(zai)(zai)嚴冬季(ji)(ji)節，將(jiang)(jiang)放(fang)(fang)好(hao)(hao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)的池(chi)內灌足水(shui)(shui)，處(chu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)和沙(sha)全部(bu)結冰(bing)于池(chi)內，上面(mian)再(zai)復(fu)蓋(gai)(gai)一(yi)(yi)寸左右(you)的鋸末屑，待翌年(nian)雪(xue)(xue)或冰(bing)自然溶(rong)化后(hou)，沙(sha)子(zi)(zi)(zi)沙(sha)子(zi)(zi)(zi)表層已(yi)(yi)濕，檢查種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)和沙(sha)已(yi)(yi)發漓(li)時(shi)(shi)，此(ci)(ci)時(shi)(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)正好(hao)(hao)裂(lie)咀吐芽(ya)，用篩子(zi)(zi)(zi)取出種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)即(ji)可播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，此(ci)(ci)法比第一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)方(fang)(fang)法發芽(ya)整(zheng)齊，帶果(guo)(guo)(guo)好(hao)(hao)。

（2）整地(di)育苗(miao)：育苗(miao)地(di)應(ying)深(shen)翻(fan)(fan)20cm以上(shang)，結合深(shen)翻(fan)(fan)每(mei)(mei)畝(mu)施(shi)入(ru)腐熟廄肥，隨翻(fan)(fan)隨耙，粉碎土塊，整平圃(pu)地(di)，做(zuo)畦備種(zhong)(zhong)。秋播(bo)，在地(di)封凍前(qian)播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)，播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)時(shi)(shi)用犁(li)開溝(gou)，條播(bo)溝(gou)深(shen)七厘米左右，行(xing)距(ju)四十厘米，播(bo)后耙平即(ji)可(ke)，每(mei)(mei)畝(mu)下種(zhong)(zhong)量(liang)一百斤，有(you)條件時(shi)(shi)，在封凍前(qian)灌一次水更好。春播(bo)，經混沙處理的(de)種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)，裂咀(ju)吐芽即(ji)可(ke)播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)，方法同(tong)上(shang)。分株繁殖，大樹根(gen)際常(chang)發(fa)生很多萌芽，一般選留粗(cu)壯的(de)，到二、三年生時(shi)(shi)，于春季三月中旬左右，帶根(gen)切離母株，進行(xing)移植，或直接定植，栽時(shi)(shi)不宜(yi)過深(shen)，以根(gen)部埋入(ru)土中比原來(lai)深(shen)些為宜(yi)。

（3）苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)地管(guan)理(li)措施(shi)(shi)：早春對秋(qiu)播的(de)(de)田(tian)地應進(jin)行(xing)一(yi)次頂凌耙地，可以起到保墑(di)、提(ti)(ti)高地混的(de)(de)作(zuo)用，實踐(jian)證明，播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)木(mu)(mu)在五至(zhi)六月間(jian)，幼苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)生(sheng)長慢，在管(guan)理(li)上以松土(tu)(tu)除草(cao)為(wei)主(zhu)，結(jie)合間(jian)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)，為(wei)提(ti)(ti)高單(dan)位面積的(de)(de)產(chan)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)量，灑用前后(hou)左(zuo)右開留苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)，株(zhu)距十五厘(li)米左(zuo)右，結(jie)合灌水(shui)施(shi)(shi)少量氮(dan)肥提(ti)(ti)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)。七(qi)至(zhi)八月，苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)木(mu)(mu)生(sheng)長迅速(su)，耗肥量大，此(ci)時，以溝(gou)施(shi)(shi)氮(dan)肥主(zhu)，施(shi)(shi)后(hou)進(jin)行(xing)澆(jiao)水(shui)，并進(jin)行(xing)松土(tu)(tu)除草(cao)。九月后(hou)，苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)木(mu)(mu)生(sheng)長迅速(su)下(xia)降，此(ci)時應控制(zhi)肥水(shui)，伸(shen)進(jin)新稍(shao)木(mu)(mu)質化。這樣(yang)培育出的(de)(de)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)木(mu)(mu)健壯(zhuang)，一(yi)年(nian)生(sheng)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)高可達(da)一(yi)米左(zuo)右，地徑一(yi)至(zhi)一(yi)點二(er)厘(li)米，每(mei)畝可產(chan)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)木(mu)(mu)一(yi)萬(wan)二(er)千株(zhu)。經(jing)(jing)過(guo)多年(nian)來(lai)的(de)(de)育苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)實踐(jian)，我們總(zong)結(jie)出：秋(qiu)播比(bi)春播好，春播經(jing)(jing)過(guo)處理(li)的(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)比(bi)不處理(li)的(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)好，所(suo)以盡量采用晚秋(qiu)下(xia)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，一(yi)則(ze)(ze)可以省支處理(li)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)的(de)(de)工序，二(er)則(ze)(ze)使苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)圃(pu)工作(zuo)趕前一(yi)步。無秋(qiu)播條(tiao)件(jian)的(de)(de)（在種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)或土(tu)(tu)地來(lai)不及的(de)(de)情況(kuang)下(xia)），可采用春播，但種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)必須經(jing)(jing)過(guo)處理(li)，此(ci)法(fa)也是(shi)可行(xing)的(de)(de)。

（4）無性繁殖(扦插、嫁接育苗)：翅(chi)果油樹(shu)嫩枝扦插(cha)育(yu)苗是利用當(dang)年生的(de)新枝條剪取插(cha)穗，用帶葉(xie)的(de)枝條可以自身合成營(ying)養物質和生根物質，因此比硬枝更(geng)容易生根。翅(chi)果油樹(shu)對沙(sha)棘(ji)和牛奶子的(de)嫁接成活率分(fen)別為35％和60％。

4、產(chan)品(pin)收獲后(hou)處理的(de)(de)規定。鄉寧翅果(guo)成(cheng)熟期在(zai)九月上旬(xun)，成(cheng)熟的(de)(de)種子外皮(pi)初為(wei)灰白(bai)色，待變為(wei)圭黃色時，用手指一捏，外果(guo)皮(pi)與堅(jian)果(guo)基本(ben)分離，此時種子已(yi)成(cheng)熟，即可采(cai)收。采(cai)回(hui)的(de)(de)果(guo)實(shi)要及時攤開，須在(zai)陽(yang)光通風翻(fan)曬一兩天，去雜干(gan)藏(zang)或將采(cai)回(hui)后(hou)的(de)(de)果(guo)實(shi)陰干(gan)（不除外果(guo)皮(pi)），以透氣型包(bao)裝進(jin)行裝袋，在(zai)庫(ku)房(fang)保存時包(bao)裝物距地(di)面保持10-15cm的(de)(de)距離以專(zhuan)門隔潮物與地(di)面分離，保持庫(ku)房(fang)的(de)(de)通風、防害，溫(wen)度(du)保持在(zai)20℃以下(xia)。

5、生產記(ji)(ji)錄要求。設立專門的記(ji)(ji)錄員負責(ze)農時(shi)操作記(ji)(ji)錄；農藥使用記(ji)(ji)錄檔(dang)案應完(wan)整(zheng)、真(zhen)實(shi)，并按作物分別記(ji)(ji)錄使用的農藥名(ming)稱(cheng)(cheng)，包括通用名(ming)和(he)商(shang)品(pin)名(ming)、登記(ji)(ji)證號(hao)、劑型(xing)、防治對象、時(shi)間、施(shi)(shi)用量(liang)(liang)、次數、安全(quan)間隔期；肥料(liao)使用記(ji)(ji)錄檔(dang)案應完(wan)整(zheng)、真(zhen)實(shi)，內(nei)容包括肥料(liao)名(ming)稱(cheng)(cheng)、登記(ji)(ji)證號(hao)、類型(xing)、施(shi)(shi)用量(liang)(liang)、施(shi)(shi)用方法(fa)、次數等；及時(shi)做好(hao)各類農時(shi)操作記(ji)(ji)錄、產量(liang)(liang)記(ji)(ji)錄和(he)產品(pin)銷售記(ji)(ji)錄。