一.產品介紹
據《漢(han)(han)中地(di)理(li)志(zhi)》、《漢(han)(han)中地(di)區志(zhi)》記載(zai),早在(zai)新(xin)石器時代(dai),漢(han)(han)中已種(zhong)植水(shui)稻(dao)。西(xi)漢(han)(han)簫何筑堰,三國孔(kong)明(ming)屯墾,皆以種(zhong)稻(dao)儲谷武備。另據《西(xi)鄉(xiang)縣志(zhi)》記載(zai),唐《地(di)理(li)志(zhi)》有“西(xi)鄉(xiang)稻(dao)米(mi)是京兆貢(gong)米(mi)源地(di)之一”的(de)(de)描述,說(shuo)明(ming)漢(han)(han)中大(da)米(mi)品質優良。著名氣象學家(jia)竺可(ke)楨(zhen)先生和(he)袁隆(long)平院士對漢(han)(han)中水(shui)稻(dao)生產和(he)優質米(mi)產業發展進行了高度評價。以漢(han)(han)中大(da)米(mi)為(wei)(wei)原料制作的(de)(de)漢(han)(han)中米(mi)(面(mian))皮,相(xiang)傳(chuan)始于(yu)西(xi)漢(han)(han)初年,現已成為(wei)(wei)全國知名特(te)色(se)小(xiao)吃(chi)。
二.自然(ran)生態環境和人文歷史因素
漢(han)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)地(di)(di)處我國(guo)(guo)南(nan)北氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)過渡帶(dai),屬北亞(ya)熱帶(dai)季風氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)類型(xing),被譽為(wei)“地(di)(di)球上同緯(wei)度生(sheng)(sheng)態條件最好的(de)地(di)(di)方(fang)”,森林(lin)覆蓋率58.18%,是(shi)四(si)大“國(guo)(guo)寶(bao)”大熊貓、朱鹮、金(jin)絲猴、羚(ling)牛的(de)棲息生(sheng)(sheng)長地(di)(di)。漢(han)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)北有秦嶺屏障,寒(han)(han)流不易侵(qin)入,南(nan)有大巴山(shan)攔截南(nan)方(fang)暖濕氣(qi)(qi)流,盆地(di)(di)效應(ying)凸顯,冬(dong)無(wu)嚴寒(han)(han),夏無(wu)酷暑,四(si)季分明,雨熱同季。年降雨量(liang)800-1200 mm,年日照時數1300-1800小時;年均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)12-14℃,≥10℃活動積溫(wen)(wen)(wen)4200℃-4480℃,其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)稻生(sheng)(sheng)長的(de)4月(yue)至(zhi)9月(yue)活動積溫(wen)(wen)(wen)占全年的(de)87.2%。漢(han)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)資源(yuan)豐富,水(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)潔凈,是(shi)國(guo)(guo)家南(nan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)北調中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)線工程重要水(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)涵養區(qu)(qu)和(he)供京水(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)地(di)(di),東西橫貫的(de)漢(han)江水(shui)(shui)(shui)系和(he)南(nan)北縱穿的(de)嘉(jia)陵江水(shui)(shui)(shui)系年平(ping)(ping)均(jun)徑流144.1億(yi)立方(fang)米(mi)。建于兩千多年前的(de)山(shan)河(he)(he)、五門堰、民國(guo)(guo)時期的(de)漢(han)惠(hui)、褒惠(hui)、湑惠(hui)三大干渠、建國(guo)(guo)后(hou)的(de)冷惠(hui)渠、石門水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫、紅寺壩(ba)水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫、南(nan)沙河(he)(he)水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫等(deng)引、蓄(xu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)工程,在水(shui)(shui)(shui)稻灌(guan)溉上發(fa)揮著(zhu)重要的(de)作用(yong)。水(shui)(shui)(shui)稻種植(zhi)區(qu)(qu)渠系配套,四(si)通(tong)八達,生(sheng)(sheng)產中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)保(bao)灌(guan)面積90%以上。稻田土(tu)(tu)壤類型(xing)以潴育(yu)性(xing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)稻土(tu)(tu)和(he)淹育(yu)性(xing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)稻土(tu)(tu)為(wei)主,熟化(hua)程度高(gao)(gao)(gao),有機質(zhi)含量(liang)1.65-4.31%,肥(fei)力高(gao)(gao)(gao),保(bao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)保(bao)肥(fei)性(xing)強。漢(han)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)是(shi)我國(guo)(guo)同一(yi)緯(wei)度遲熟中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)秈(xian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)稻種植(zhi)的(de)最北沿,屬優質(zhi)秈(xian)稻最佳(jia)生(sheng)(sheng)態區(qu)(qu)之一(yi)。水(shui)(shui)(shui)稻生(sheng)(sheng)長發(fa)育(yu)、灌(guan)漿結(jie)實(shi)期氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)多在23-30度之間(jian),既無(wu)南(nan)方(fang)稻區(qu)(qu)的(de)高(gao)(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)危害,又無(wu)北方(fang)稻區(qu)(qu)的(de)低溫(wen)(wen)(wen)影響,尤其(qi)是(shi)8月(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)旬至(zhi)9月(yue)上旬水(shui)(shui)(shui)稻灌(guan)漿結(jie)實(shi)期,旬平(ping)(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)21.8-24.9℃,晝夜(ye)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)差7.9-8.6℃,溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度適(shi)宜(yi),晝夜(ye)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)差大,水(shui)(shui)(shui)稻灌(guan)漿速度平(ping)(ping)穩(wen),消(xiao)耗少,累積多,利于高(gao)(gao)(gao)產優質(zhi)。
三.地域范圍
漢(han)中位于陜西(xi)省西(xi)南部,北(bei)依秦(qin)嶺,南屏巴山(shan),中部是漢(han)中盆地(di)。水(shui)稻是漢(han)中最主(zhu)要的(de)(de)糧(liang)食作物,種植區主(zhu)要集中在海(hai)拔450-750米的(de)(de)平壩(ba)、丘陵和淺山(shan)區。漢(han)中大米農產品地(di)理(li)標(biao)志地(di)域(yu)保護(hu)范(fan)圍為漢(han)中市行政所轄漢(han)臺(tai)區、南鄭縣(xian)(xian)、城固縣(xian)(xian)、洋縣(xian)(xian)、西(xi)鄉縣(xian)(xian)、勉縣(xian)(xian)、寧強縣(xian)(xian)、略陽縣(xian)(xian)、鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)巴縣(xian)(xian)、留(liu)壩(ba)縣(xian)(xian)、佛坪(ping)縣(xian)(xian)10縣(xian)(xian)1區175個鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)。地(di)理(li)坐標(biao)為東(dong)經105°30′-108°16′,北(bei)緯(wei)32°08′- 33°53′,東(dong)到(dao)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)巴縣(xian)(xian)巴廟鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen),南到(dao)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)巴縣(xian)(xian)鹽場鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen),西(xi)到(dao)寧強縣(xian)(xian)青木川鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen),北(bei)到(dao)留(liu)壩(ba)縣(xian)(xian)江口鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)。總生產面積10萬公(gong)頃(150萬畝(mu)),年產稻谷65.02萬噸。
四.產品(pin)品(pin)質特性特征
1、外(wai)在感(gan)觀特(te)征:漢中大(da)米(mi)(mi)(mi)為秈米(mi)(mi)(mi),加(jia)工品質好(hao)(hao),其中出(chu)糙率為75-79%,整精(jing)米(mi)(mi)(mi)率52-56%,堊(e)白(bai)粒(li)率≤20%。漢中大(da)米(mi)(mi)(mi)米(mi)(mi)(mi)粒(li)細長均勻(yun),色澤清白(bai),晶瑩剔透(tou),光(guang)滑油潤,氣味(wei)純正;煮(zhu)粥漿汁(zhi)如(ru)乳(ru),味(wei)甘醇香;蒸飯(fan)油亮溢香,柔(rou)韌不粘;冷飯(fan)成粒(li)性(xing)好(hao)(hao),不回生(sheng)。
2、內在品質指標(biao):漢中大米營養豐(feng)富均衡,其中蛋白質含(han)量不低(di)于6.0g/100g,脂肪含(han)量0.3-1.5g/100g,氨(an)基酸(suan)總量不低(di)于5.8g/100g,直(zhi)鏈淀粉14.0-20.0g/100g,硒含(han)量不低(di)于2.0μg/100g。
3、安(an)全(quan)要(yao)(yao)求:漢(han)中(zhong)大(da)米標志使用人其生產(chan)基地(di)和(he)(he)大(da)米產(chan)品需(xu)達到無(wu)公(gong)害產(chan)地(di)和(he)(he)產(chan)品要(yao)(yao)求,批次抽檢(jian)符(fu)合(he)農辦(ban)質(zhi)〔2015〕4號文大(da)米產(chan)品質(zhi)量安(an)全(quan)要(yao)(yao)求。