一.自然生態環境和人文歷史因素

1、位置(zhi)氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)：靈(ling)武市深居(ju)內陸(lu)腹(fu)地，位于寧(ning)夏平原中部，北緯(wei)38°，海拔1250米。是盛產(chan)優質水果的(de)“黃金緯(wei)度”。屬于典型的(de)大陸(lu)性季(ji)風氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)，其(qi)特點為：春遲秋(qiu)早，四季(ji)分明、日(ri)照充足(zu)、熱(re)量豐富、蒸發(fa)強烈、氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)干(gan)燥、晴天(tian)多、雨(yu)雷少(shao)，全年日(ri)照時(shi)數(shu)3080.2小時(shi)，平均無霜期157天(tian)，植物生長期持續170天(tian)，年平均氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)8.8℃，年均降水量206.2～255.2mm。

2、土壤(rang)(rang)水(shui)文(wen)：靈武長棗(zao)種(zhong)植區地貌(mao)可分為西(xi)部引(yin)黃灌溉平原區和(he)東部毛烏素(su)沙(sha)(sha)地丘陵(ling)區，土壤(rang)(rang)為壤(rang)(rang)土、沙(sha)(sha)壤(rang)(rang)土、沙(sha)(sha)土或易耕(geng)荒地，土壤(rang)(rang)質地偏沙(sha)(sha)，通透(tou)性(xing)和(he)耕(geng)性(xing)較好。pH值7.5～8.5，地下水(shui)位(wei)1.5m以下，土壤(rang)(rang)全鹽含(han)量(liang)低于(yu)1.0‰，土壤(rang)(rang)有(you)機質含(han)量(liang)中等。靈武市得天獨(du)厚的(de)自(zi)然條件與引(yin)黃河水(shui)灌溉便利條件造就(jiu)了靈武長棗(zao)獨(du)一(yi)無二的(de)地方(fang)特有(you)品質。

二.地域范圍

靈武長棗農產品地(di)理標志地(di)域保護范圍為：靈武市現轄行政區(qu)域，包括臨河鎮、東(dong)塔鎮、郝家橋鎮、崇興鎮、馬家灘鎮、梧桐樹鄉(xiang)、白(bai)(bai)土(tu)崗鄉(xiang)，靈武園藝試驗場(chang)、大泉(quan)林場(chang)、北(bei)沙(sha)窩(wo)林場(chang)、白(bai)(bai)芨灘林場(chang)、靈武農場(chang)。地(di)處東(dong)徑(jing)106°11′～105°52′，北(bei)緯37°35′～38°21′之間(jian)，南北(bei)長98公里(li)，東(dong)西寬54公里(li)，市域總面(mian)(mian)積4010平(ping)方千米，種植(zhi)面(mian)(mian)積9467公頃，年產量(liang)16000t。

三.產品品質特性特征

1、外在感官特征：靈武長棗為(wei)鮮食品種，果(guo)實呈長橢圓形或圓柱形、略扁，梗洼深廣，果(guo)肩平(ping)整(zheng)；果(guo)皮紫(zi)紅色，完(wan)熟果(guo)面帶(dai)紫(zi)斑；果(guo)皮薄，果(guo)肉綠(lv)白(bai)色，質(zhi)地質(zhi)密酥(su)脆，汁液多，酸甜適口。縱徑平(ping)均(jun)在4cm左(zuo)右(you)，最大(da)達6cm，橫徑（寬面）2.5cm左(zuo)右(you)，平(ping)均(jun)單果(guo)重12g左(zuo)右(you)。

2、衛(wei)生(sheng)指標(biao)：靈武(wu)長棗果(guo)實衛(wei)生(sheng)指標(biao)應符合GB14891.5-1997《輻照新鮮水果(guo)、蔬菜類衛(wei)生(sheng)標(biao)準》中3.4的規定。

3、檢驗規則(ze)：按DB64/T419《鮮靈武長棗》執行(xing)。

四.特定生產方式

1、產地(di)選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)與特殊內(nei)容規定：生產地(di)域內(nei)無工業和(he)城(cheng)市污染(ran)源，種植(zhi)區(qu)選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)離工礦區(qu)和(he)公(gong)路鐵路干線，生態條件良好的地(di)區(qu)。土(tu)(tu)(tu)質(zhi)以壤土(tu)(tu)(tu)、沙壤土(tu)(tu)(tu)、礫質(zhi)壤土(tu)(tu)(tu)、沙土(tu)(tu)(tu)為主，要(yao)求土(tu)(tu)(tu)層深(shen)厚(hou)，灌、排水條件良好。

2、品(pin)種(zhong)選擇(ze)與特定要求：選用優(you)質、高產(chan)、抗病(bing)、抗逆性(xing)強(qiang)、商品(pin)性(xing)好、本(ben)地長期種(zhong)植的(de)靈武長棗1號(hao)、2號(hao)優(you)系品(pin)種(zhong)。

3、栽培管理：

①苗(miao)(miao)木：采用根蘗苗(miao)(miao)和嫁接苗(miao)(miao)，育苗(miao)(miao)按DB64/T417《靈武長棗苗(miao)(miao)木繁育技術(shu)規程(cheng)》執行。

②建園(yuan)：選擇土(tu)(tu)層(ceng)深厚、土(tu)(tu)壤肥沃，排灌、交通條件(jian)便利的地塊。以地下水位1.5m以下、熟土(tu)(tu)層(ceng)30cm以上、PH值7.5～8.5，有(you)機質含量較高(gao)的沙壤土(tu)(tu)或輕壤土(tu)(tu)為宜。

③栽(zai)植(zhi)：南北行(xing)向種(zhong)植(zhi)，株(zhu)行(xing)距3m×4m、2m×3m，栽(zai)植(zhi)密度每公頃825株(zhu)～1650株(zhu)。定(ding)植(zhi)前一年大穴培(pei)肥(fei)(fei)，樹穴長、寬、高80cm×80cm×80cm，株(zhu)施腐(fu)熟(shu)農(nong)家肥(fei)(fei)25kg加磷酸(suan)二(er)銨或復合肥(fei)(fei)0.5kg。定(ding)干50cm～70cm，漆封剪口(kou)，樹盤覆膜(mo)。大田(tian)種(zhong)植(zhi)按DB64/T418《靈武(wu)(wu)長棗(zao)栽(zai)培(pei)技術規程》執(zhi)行(xing)，設施種(zhong)植(zhi)按DB64/T530《靈武(wu)(wu)長棗(zao)日光溫(wen)室促成栽(zai)培(pei)技術規程》執(zhi)行(xing)。

④整(zheng)形(xing)修(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)：采(cai)用紡錘形(xing)樹(shu)形(xing)。春(chun)季(ji)修(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)時(shi)間(jian)：3月(yue)至(zhi)4月(yue)上(shang)(shang)旬。修(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)方(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)：短(duan)截(jie)、疏(shu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、拉枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、刻芽(ya)(ya)。夏季(ji)修(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)時(shi)間(jian)：整(zheng)個(ge)(ge)(ge)生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)期。修(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)方(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)：抹芽(ya)(ya)、拿枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、摘心(xin)、拉枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。具(ju)體方(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)按DB/T418《靈武(wu)長(chang)(chang)(chang)棗(zao)栽培(pei)(pei)技術規(gui)程》執行。定植當年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)修(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)：8月(yue)之(zhi)前(qian)，30cm以(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)新(xin)生(sheng)棗(zao)頭(tou)全部摘心(xin)。幼樹(shu)修(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)（1-3年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)）：修(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)以(yi)(yi)迅速擴冠為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，強(qiang)調(diao)扶(fu)壯(zhuang)中心(xin)干。選(xuan)(xuan)留(liu)(liu)(liu)培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)強(qiang)壯(zhuang)的(de)(de)中桿，保(bao)證中桿的(de)(de)絕對(dui)(dui)(dui)優(you)勢，在其40cm以(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，采(cai)取(qu)(qu)短(duan)截(jie)二(er)(er)次(ci)(ci)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)留(liu)(liu)(liu)1～2節培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，輔(fu)之(zhi)抹芽(ya)(ya)選(xuan)(xuan)留(liu)(liu)(liu)定枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)選(xuan)(xuan)留(liu)(liu)(liu)3～4個(ge)(ge)(ge)骨干枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)距(ju)15cm～20cm，螺旋(xuan)排(pai)列(lie)，每(mei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)留(liu)(liu)(liu)7～15個(ge)(ge)(ge)永(yong)久(jiu)性二(er)(er)次(ci)(ci)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)長(chang)(chang)(chang)度(du)根(gen)據(ju)長(chang)(chang)(chang)勢一(yi)(yi)(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)，翌(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)不(bu)做延(yan)長(chang)(chang)(chang)修(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)。底層3個(ge)(ge)(ge)左(zuo)右(you)(you)(you)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，為(wei)(wei)(wei)臨時(shi)性枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組(zu)，后(hou)期隨(sui)著枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)增加，逐(zhu)步清除底層主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)提高(gao)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)干。修(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)方(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)以(yi)(yi)短(duan)截(jie)、抹芽(ya)(ya)、摘心(xin)、開(kai)角(jiao)(jiao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。開(kai)角(jiao)(jiao)：以(yi)(yi)春(chun)、秋拉枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，結(jie)合夏季(ji)拿枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，角(jiao)(jiao)度(du)70°～90°；摘心(xin)：根(gen)據(ju)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)條(tiao)長(chang)(chang)(chang)勢決定摘心(xin)長(chang)(chang)(chang)度(du)，旺(wang)長(chang)(chang)(chang)留(liu)(liu)(liu)、弱(ruo)短(duan)留(liu)(liu)(liu)，枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)條(tiao)木質(zhi)(zhi)化前(qian)結(jie)束摘心(xin)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)留(liu)(liu)(liu)7～9個(ge)(ge)(ge)永(yong)久(jiu)性二(er)(er)次(ci)(ci)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)摘心(xin)。初果(guo)期樹(shu)修(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)（4-6年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)）：修(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)以(yi)(yi)調(diao)整(zheng)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組(zu)、增加產量(liang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。對(dui)(dui)(dui)未達到主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)數量(liang)要求的(de)(de)，繼續培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)；完成(cheng)(cheng)整(zheng)形(xing)的(de)(de)，逐(zhu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)疏(shu)除過(guo)密或過(guo)低枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組(zu)。主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)以(yi)(yi)抹芽(ya)(ya)選(xuan)(xuan)留(liu)(liu)(liu)定枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，短(duan)截(jie)二(er)(er)次(ci)(ci)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)輔(fu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。下部主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)長(chang)(chang)(chang)度(du)在1.2m～1.9m，上(shang)(shang)部主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)留(liu)(liu)(liu)9個(ge)(ge)(ge)～15個(ge)(ge)(ge)永(yong)久(jiu)性二(er)(er)次(ci)(ci)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)摘心(xin)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)成(cheng)(cheng)功(gong)，5年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)左(zuo)右(you)(you)(you)完成(cheng)(cheng)整(zheng)形(xing)。修(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)方(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)以(yi)(yi)抹芽(ya)(ya)、開(kai)角(jiao)(jiao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。盛果(guo)期樹(shu)修(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)（7年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)以(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)）：修(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)以(yi)(yi)更(geng)新(xin)老化枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組(zu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，優(you)化結(jie)果(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組(zu)。徹底清除底層主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，將主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)干調(diao)整(zheng)到80cm以(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)，3年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)左(zuo)右(you)(you)(you)完成(cheng)(cheng)老枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)更(geng)新(xin)，之(zhi)后(hou)每(mei)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)更(geng)新(xin)2個(ge)(ge)(ge)左(zuo)右(you)(you)(you)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)距(ju)調(diao)整(zheng)到20cm以(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)，也(ye)可分(fen)層排(pai)布，層間(jian)距(ju)50cm左(zuo)右(you)(you)(you)，樹(shu)高(gao)2.5m～3m。主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)更(geng)新(xin)方(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)及要點(dian)：主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)更(geng)新(xin)方(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)是對(dui)(dui)(dui)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)齡5年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)生(sheng)以(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)較差的(de)(de)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組(zu)，如(ru)位置偏(pian)高(gao)長(chang)(chang)(chang)勢過(guo)旺(wang)、角(jiao)(jiao)度(du)小而不(bu)宜開(kai)張、二(er)(er)次(ci)(ci)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)粗壯(zhuang)多次(ci)(ci)抹芽(ya)(ya)留(liu)(liu)(liu)樁等主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，采(cai)取(qu)(qu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)性疏(shu)除或留(liu)(liu)(liu)10cm短(duan)樁更(geng)新(xin)；二(er)(er)是對(dui)(dui)(dui)5年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)生(sheng)以(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)較好的(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，可采(cai)取(qu)(qu)基部留(liu)(liu)(liu)預備枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)(fang)式進(jin)行逐(zhu)步更(geng)新(xin)；三(san)是利(li)用棗(zao)樹(shu)春(chun)季(ji)前(qian)期抹芽(ya)(ya)，選(xuan)(xuan)留(liu)(liu)(liu)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)干上(shang)(shang)新(xin)生(sheng)棗(zao)頭(tou)，培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)新(xin)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。

⑤肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)水(shui)管(guan)理(li)：均(jun)衡(heng)施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)，前(qian)(qian)促后(hou)(hou)控(kong)。基肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)：秋季果(guo)實采收(shou)后(hou)(hou)至灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)冬水(shui)前(qian)(qian)，以農家肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料(liao)為(wei)主，混加少量的(de)氮素化肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)。施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)量每(mei)666.7平方米(mi)施(shi)3000kg～5000kg。溝(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)施(shi)為(wei)主，施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)部(bu)位在(zai)(zai)樹(shu)(shu)冠投(tou)影外20cm左右處。溝(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)施(shi)挖(wa)條溝(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)或(huo)環狀(zhuang)溝(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)，幼(you)齡(ling)樹(shu)(shu)環狀(zhuang)溝(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)，成齡(ling)樹(shu)(shu)條溝(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)為(wei)主，溝(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)深(shen)40cm～50cm，寬40cm，長隨樹(shu)(shu)冠冠幅。將(jiang)腐熟(shu)的(de)農家肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)或(huo)商品(pin)有機肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)與陽土拌勻施(shi)入溝(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)內，填平。追(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)：每(mei)年(nian)2次(ci)，第一(yi)次(ci)在(zai)(zai)萌芽(ya)(ya)至開(kai)花(hua)前(qian)(qian)，以氮肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)主；第二(er)次(ci)在(zai)(zai)果(guo)實膨大(da)期，以磷鉀(jia)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)主。施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)量以當地的(de)土壤條件和施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)特點確定。株(zhu)施(shi)0.25kg～0.75kg/次(ci)。施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)方法是在(zai)(zai)樹(shu)(shu)冠投(tou)影外圍挖(wa)穴或(huo)開(kai)溝(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)，幼(you)樹(shu)(shu)挖(wa)穴，3～4個(ge)，結果(guo)樹(shu)(shu)開(kai)溝(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)，溝(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)深(shen)10cm～20cm，寬20cm，長度隨樹(shu)(shu)冠冠幅。肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料(liao)均(jun)勻撒入溝(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)（穴）埋(mai)土，灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)水(shui)。葉面噴(pen)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)：全年(nian)4～5次(ci)，在(zai)(zai)生(sheng)長前(qian)(qian)期2次(ci)，以氮肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)主；后(hou)(hou)期2～3次(ci)，以磷鉀(jia)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)主。常用(yong)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料(liao)及濃度：尿素0.3%～0.5%，磷酸二(er)氫鉀(jia)0.2%～0.3%，硼砂0.1%～0.3%，沼(zhao)液等(deng)。最后(hou)(hou)一(yi)次(ci)頁面噴(pen)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)在(zai)(zai)距(ju)果(guo)實采收(shou)期20天(tian)以上。灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)水(shui)：一(yi)般在(zai)(zai)萌芽(ya)(ya)前(qian)(qian)、花(hua)前(qian)(qian)、幼(you)果(guo)膨大(da)期、封(feng)凍前(qian)(qian)各灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)水(shui)一(yi)次(ci)，其它，根據(ju)墑情確定灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)水(shui)次(ci)數。提倡采用(yong)滴(di)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、小管(guan)出流等(deng)節水(shui)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)溉措施(shi)。

⑥花(hua)(hua)果管(guan)理(li)：按(an)DB64/T418《靈武(wu)長棗栽培技術規程(cheng)》執行。盛花(hua)(hua)期噴布赤霉素控(kong)制(zhi)在2次以內。

⑦病(bing)蟲害(hai)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)：實施(shi)無公害(hai)、綠色病(bing)蟲害(hai)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)控(kong)技術，堅持“預(yu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)為(wei)主，綜合防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)”的原則，綜合運用(yong)各種防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)措(cuo)施(shi)，優先采用(yong)農(nong)業措(cuo)施(shi)、生(sheng)物防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)方法，配合施(shi)用(yong)高效、低(di)毒、低(di)殘留的化學農(nong)藥，在(zai)化學防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)上抓棗(zao)(zao)樹(shu)休眠(mian)期、蟲害(hai)發(fa)生(sheng)初期、蟲體(ti)裸(luo)露期、轉移(yi)為(wei)害(hai)期的防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)，在(zai)大(da)發(fa)生(sheng)前3～5d提前防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)，在(zai)一天中盡(jin)量選擇上午(wu)10h前和下(xia)午(wu)4h后噴藥。具體(ti)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)按DB64/T531《靈武長棗(zao)(zao)主要有害(hai)生(sheng)物防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)控(kong)技術規程》執行。

4、產(chan)品收(shou)(shou)(shou)獲及產(chan)后處(chu)理的規定：在農藥安全(quan)間隔(ge)期(qi)后適時(shi)(shi)(shi)，采(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)(shou)，采(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)(shou)所用工具要(yao)清潔(jie)、衛(wei)生、無(wu)污染。①果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實采(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)(shou)：靈武長(chang)棗在脆熟期(qi)中(zhong)后期(qi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)(shou)。采(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)(shou)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間9月(yue)下(xia)旬至10月(yue)上旬。鮮(xian)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)貯(zhu)藏1月(yue)以上，果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)面著色70﹪～90﹪采(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)(shou)，鮮(xian)食棗果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)全(quan)紅果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)采(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)(shou)。采(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)(shou)時(shi)(shi)(shi)要(yao)戴柔(rou)質手套，采(cai)(cai)(cai)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的盛具表面要(yao)柔(rou)軟。采(cai)(cai)(cai)摘時(shi)(shi)(shi)輕(qing)摘輕(qing)放，防(fang)止一切(qie)人為(wei)或機械傷害，保證果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實完整無(wu)損(sun)傷。用于較長(chang)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間貯(zhu)藏棗果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)，帶(dai)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)柄采(cai)(cai)(cai)摘。

五.包裝標識相關規定

1、包(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)：內包(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)用(yong)符合(he)食(shi)品(pin)衛生要(yao)求的材料，與靈武長棗接觸不易(yi)產生摩擦傷。外包(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)用(yong)紙(zhi)箱裝(zhuang)(zhuang)，包(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)定量誤差應符合(he)國(guo)家質量技(ji)術(shu)監督檢驗總(zong)局令（2005）第75號。

2、運輸(shu)：長途運輸(shu)應采用(yong)冷(leng)藏車或冷(leng)藏集裝(zhuang)箱(xiang)運輸(shu)，不得(de)與有毒有害及有異味的物(wu)品一(yi)起運輸(shu)。搬(ban)運時應輕拿輕放，不得(de)拋摔。

3、貯存：貯存時(shi)應采用冷藏或氣調貯藏。不得與有(you)毒有(you)害及(ji)有(you)異味(wei)的(de)物(wu)品共同存放。產品堆(dui)放應離(li)地(di)面20cm以(yi)上(shang)，離(li)墻10cm以(yi)上(shang)。具體(ti)按DB64/T419—2005《鮮靈武長(chang)棗》執行。