【鹿茸(rong)簡介】鹿茸(rong)是什么 鹿茸怎么(me)分級 鹿茸片(pian)如(ru)何(he)辨別品質
鹿茸是什么
鹿(lu)(lu)茸(rong),是(shi)指梅花鹿(lu)(lu)或(huo)馬鹿(lu)(lu)的雄鹿(lu)(lu)未骨(gu)化而帶(dai)茸(rong)毛的幼角。是(shi)名貴(gui)藥材。鹿(lu)(lu)茸(rong)中含有磷脂(zhi)、糖脂(zhi)、膠脂(zhi)、激(ji)素、脂(zhi)肪酸(suan)、氨基酸(suan)、蛋白(bai)質及(ji)鈣、磷、鎂、鈉等成分,其中氨基酸(suan)成分占總成分的一半(ban)以上。
鹿茸怎么分級
鹿茸片一共分四(si)個等級:
一(yi)級鹿(lu)茸(rong)臘片(pian)(pian)(pian):鹿(lu)茸(rong)全臘片(pian)(pian)(pian)、鹿(lu)茸(rong)半臘片(pian)(pian)(pian),臘質(zhi)(zhi)多,粉質(zhi)(zhi)少或無粉質(zhi)(zhi),是鹿(lu)茸(rong)最頂(ding)端部(bu)分(fen),因質(zhi)(zhi)地細(xi)膩(ni),油潤如臘,色澤干凈稱之為(wei)臘片(pian)(pian)(pian)。一(yi)個(ge)整(zheng)條的鹿(lu)茸(rong)也只(zhi)能(neng)切出2-3片(pian)(pian)(pian)全臘片(pian)(pian)(pian)。
二級鹿(lu)茸(rong)(rong)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)片(pian):鹿(lu)茸(rong)(rong)白粉(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)片(pian)、鹿(lu)茸(rong)(rong)紅粉(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)片(pian)、鹿(lu)茸(rong)(rong)黃粉(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)片(pian)(有的不分(fen)此等級),粉(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)質(zhi)多,含(han)臘圈(quan),粉(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)片(pian)屬(shu)整支鹿(lu)茸(rong)(rong)中上段部分(fen),質(zhi)地清(qing)脆,中間部分(fen)為粉(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)質(zhi),臘圈(quan)包(bao)圍。
三級鹿茸血(xue)(xue)片(pian):鹿茸血(xue)(xue)片(pian),含(han)鹿茸血(xue)(xue),片(pian)面(mian)有血(xue)(xue)色。
四級鹿(lu)(lu)茸(rong)骨(gu)片(pian):鹿(lu)(lu)茸(rong)骨(gu)片(pian),純骨(gu)質化(hua)鹿(lu)(lu)茸(rong)片(pian),骨(gu)片(pian)為整支鹿(lu)(lu)茸(rong)最(zui)底(di)部,全骨(gu)質化(hua),營養最(zui)差。
怎么分辨鹿茸片品質
鹿茸的(de)品名很多,質量的(de)優劣相差也(ye)很大。一(yi)般(ban)是從色(se)(se)(se)(se)澤、質地、氣味(wei)等方面加(jia)以鑒(jian)別比較。鹿茸片的(de)形(xing)(xing)(xing)態,通(tong)常呈賀形(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)(huo)橢圓形(xing)(xing)(xing),直徑 為(wei)1~4厘米(mi),片極薄。外(wai)皮為(wei)紅棕色(se)(se)(se)(se)。鋸(ju)口面為(wei)黃白至棕黃色(se)(se)(se)(se),外(wai)圍有一(yi)明顯環狀(zhuang)(zhuang)骨質或(huo)(huo)無(wu)、色(se)(se)(se)(se)較深(shen),里(li)面具蜂窩狀(zhuang)(zhuang)細(xi)孔(kong),中間漸寬(kuan)或(huo)(huo)呈空洞狀(zhuang)(zhuang) ,有的(de)呈棕褐色(se)(se)(se)(se)。體輕,質硬而(er)脆(cui)。氣微(wei)腥、味(wei)咸。
一般來說(shuo),鹿(lu)(lu)(lu)茸(rong)片(pian)(pian)(pian)以(yi)體輕 ,斷面(mian)蜂窩狀,組織致(zhi) 密(mi)者為上乘品(pin)。古人對鹿(lu)(lu)(lu)茸(rong)片(pian)(pian)(pian)積累了(le)豐富的鑒別經驗。如在《增訂偽(wei)藥條辨(bian)》一書中所 載(zai):“茸(rong)之頂(ding)尖,最(zui)(zui)首層之白如蠟(la),油潤如脂,名之曰蠟(la)片(pian)(pian)(pian);次(ci)(ci)層白中兼黃,純系血液貫注其中,故名之曰血片(pian)(pian)(pian);最(zui)(zui)次(ci)(ci)層片(pian)(pian)(pian)有蜂窩,色紫黑透孔 ,名曰風(feng)片(pian)(pian)(pian),俗云木(mu)通(tong)片(pian)(pian)(pian),如木(mu)通(tong)之空(kong)通(tong)也。最(zui)(zui)次(ci)(ci)則(ze)骨(gu)(gu)毗連,同角相仿,名曰骨(gu)(gu)片(pian)(pian)(pian),效力最(zui)(zui)薄矣(yi)。”由此可見其鑒別之精說(shuo),辨(bian)析之明了(le)。在現代藥材(cai)商(shang)品(pin)市場上,常把鹿(lu)(lu)(lu)茸(rong)的切片(pian)(pian)(pian),近頂(ding)處切下(xia)的,叫做(zuo)“血片(pian)(pian)(pian)”。血片(pian)(pian)(pian)厚約1毫米,呈(cheng)蜜脂色,微紅潤,片(pian)(pian)(pian)面(mian)光滑(hua)。把在鹿(lu)(lu)(lu)茸(rong)下(xia)段切下(xia)的稱做(zuo)“粉(fen)片(pian)(pian)(pian)”。粉(fen)片(pian)(pian)(pian)厚約1.5毫米,呈(cheng)灰白色,起粉(fen),片(pian)(pian)(pian)面(mian)光,有細孔,周(zhou)皮紫黑色,有腥氣。“沙片(pian)(pian)(pian)”則(ze)臨近骨(gu)(gu)端,片(pian)(pian)(pian)面(mian)粗糙(cao),有蜂窩狀細孔。血片(pian)(pian)(pian)功效甚佳,價(jia)格(ge)昂貴,粉(fen)片(pian)(pian)(pian)次(ci)(ci)之,價(jia)格(ge)也較便宜,沙片(pian)(pian)(pian)又次(ci)(ci)之。“骨(gu)(gu)片(pian)(pian)(pian)”最(zui)(zui)近骨(gu)(gu)端,質(zhi)量比沙片(pian)(pian)(pian)為差。
近(jin)代藥物(wu)學(xue)(xue)家(jia)通過藥物(wu)化(hua)學(xue)(xue)分(fen)析發現,鹿(lu)茸(rong)的(de)(de)頂(ding)部(bu)浸出液的(de)(de)生物(wu)活(huo)性(xing)最高,鹿(lu)茸(rong)的(de)(de)淺表組織細(xi)胞也是愈近(jin)頂(ding)部(bu)愈呈幼稚像(xiang),及至(zhi)髓(sui)部(bu)頂(ding)端 充滿(man)大而長的(de)(de)紡錘形細(xi)胞。鹿(lu)茸(rong)的(de)(de)基底(di)部(bu)生物(wu)活(huo)性(xing)最低,而中間部(bu)的(de)(de)化(hua)學(xue)(xue)成(cheng)分(fen)及含量,基本上可以代表整個鹿(lu)茸(rong)的(de)(de)平均(jun)值(zhi)。