一、危險化學品泄漏特點

化(hua)學(xue)危(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)品(pin)（危(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)化(hua)學(xue)品(pin)）泄(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)漏(lou)(lou)的(de)(de)(de)危(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)害(hai)性(xing)(xing)(xing)十分(fen)嚴重，可能(neng)造成(cheng)爆(bao)炸、火災等事故(gu)(gu)，致使當場及(ji)附近(jin)人(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)傷亡(wang)，給國(guo)家(jia)和人(ren)(ren)(ren)民生(sheng)命(ming)財產(chan)造成(cheng)嚴重損(sun)失，對(dui)生(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)境(jing)造成(cheng)不可挽回的(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響。一(yi)(yi)般(ban)危(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)化(hua)學(xue)品(pin)具(ju)有(you)如(ru)(ru)(ru)下(xia)特點：危(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)化(hua)學(xue)品(pin)泄(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)漏(lou)(lou)事故(gu)(gu)受泄(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)漏(lou)(lou)處(chu)(chu)開(kai)口大(da)(da)(da)小(xiao)、泄(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)漏(lou)(lou)速(su)度、泄(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)漏(lou)(lou)總量、泄(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)漏(lou)(lou)途徑及(ji)氣象(xiang)條(tiao)件的(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響而導(dao)致的(de)(de)(de)波及(ji)范圍(wei)不同(tong)。但一(yi)(yi)般(ban)比其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)它(ta)災害(hai)事故(gu)(gu)擴(kuo)散的(de)(de)(de)范圍(wei)廣、面積大(da)(da)(da)。危(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)化(hua)學(xue)品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)泄(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)漏(lou)(lou)中(zhong)有(you)毒(du)氣體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)迅速(su)擴(kuo)散，使眾多的(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)中(zhong)毒(du)傷亡(wang)。如(ru)(ru)(ru)京滬高(gao)速(su)曾經(jing)發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)3.29事故(gu)(gu)，最后(hou)造成(cheng)28人(ren)(ren)(ren)中(zhong)毒(du)死(si)亡(wang)，多達(da)350人(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)住(zhu)院治(zhi)療，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)有(you)270人(ren)(ren)(ren)留院觀察，緊急疏散人(ren)(ren)(ren)數多達(da)15000余人(ren)(ren)(ren)。危(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)化(hua)學(xue)品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)泄(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)漏(lou)(lou)，并非(fei)像普(pu)通事故(gu)(gu)一(yi)(yi)樣，形(xing)(xing)(xing)成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)危(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)害(hai)性(xing)(xing)(xing)一(yi)(yi)但發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)災情(qing)基本不會在(zai)(zai)(zai)（再）發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)突(tu)變(bian)，而危(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)化(hua)學(xue)品(pin)泄(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)漏(lou)(lou)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)危(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)情(qing)況(kuang)隨(sui)時(shi)(shi)可能(neng)發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)突(tu)變(bian)，造成(cheng)更大(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)損(sun)失與危(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)害(hai)，因(yin)為危(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)化(hua)學(xue)品(pin)泄(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)漏(lou)(lou)只(zhi)是(shi)一(yi)(yi)個開(kai)始，如(ru)(ru)(ru)果沒有(you)進行有(you)效的(de)(de)(de)控制與防護，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)危(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)害(hai)將會隨(sui)著(zhu)時(shi)(shi)間的(de)(de)(de)（推移）發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)突(tu)變(bian)。危(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)化(hua)學(xue)品(pin)泄(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)漏(lou)(lou)具(ju)有(you)一(yi)(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)隱蔽性(xing)(xing)(xing)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)泄(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)漏(lou)(lou)的(de)(de)(de)化(hua)學(xue)品(pin)，可以是(shi)汽（氣）體(ti)(ti)和液體(ti)(ti)等多種(zhong)形(xing)(xing)(xing)式(shi)，因(yin)為是(shi)化(hua)學(xue)品(pin)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)大(da)(da)(da)部(bu)分(fen)是(shi)有(you)毒(du)的(de)(de)(de)物質，可以在(zai)(zai)(zai)短時(shi)(shi)內危(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)及(ji)人(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)命(ming)，更可能(neng)當時(shi)(shi)沒有(you)形(xing)(xing)(xing)成(cheng)生(sheng)命(ming)危(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，但在(zai)(zai)(zai)事故(gu)(gu)處(chu)(chu)理(li)后(hou)，對(dui)處(chu)(chu)理(li)人(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)或現(xian)場人(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)成(cheng)永久性(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)損(sun)傷。同(tong)時(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)對(dui)現(xian)場處(chu)(chu)理(li)過程中(zhong)，有(you)些操作是(shi)危(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)相當極高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)，比如(ru)(ru)(ru)說堵(du)漏(lou)(lou)、關閥與液體(ti)(ti)稀(xi)釋都有(you)很大(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)命(ming)危(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。

該圖片由注冊用戶"仰望星空"提供，版權聲明反饋

二、如何應對化學品泄漏

1、危險化學品發生泄(xie)漏，要(yao)用濕(shi)毛巾捂住口鼻，及時撤(che)離現場，然后報警。

2、不(bu)要在(zai)事發(fa)地點周圍(wei)逗留，不(bu)開燈，不(bu)要動電器，以(yi)免產生火(huo)花導致爆炸(zha)；熄滅火(huo)種，關閥斷氣，以(yi)防發(fa)生火(huo)災或爆炸(zha)。

3、發(fa)現被(bei)遺棄的化學品，不要(yao)撿拾，應立即撥打報警電話，說清具體位置、包裝標志、大致數量以及是(shi)否有(you)氣味(wei)等情況(kuang)。

4、遇到危險化學品運輸車輛發生事(shi)故，應盡快(kuai)離開事(shi)故現場(chang)，撤離到上(shang)風口位置，不圍觀并立即撥打報警電話。

5、居民小區施工過程中(zhong)挖掘(jue)出有(you)異味(wei)的土壤時，應(ying)立即撤離(li)并撥打電(dian)話報警，在異味(wei)土壤清走之前，周圍居民和單(dan)位不(bu)要(yao)開窗通(tong)風。