一、危險化學品泄漏特點

化(hua)(hua)(hua)學(xue)危(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)品(pin)（危(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)學(xue)品(pin)）泄(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)漏(lou)(lou)(lou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)危(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)害(hai)(hai)性十分嚴重，可能(neng)造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)爆炸、火災等事故(gu)(gu)，致使當(dang)(dang)場(chang)(chang)及(ji)附(fu)近人員(yuan)(yuan)傷(shang)(shang)亡(wang)，給國家和人民生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)命(ming)財產造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)嚴重損失，對生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態環境(jing)造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)不(bu)可挽回的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響。一般危(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)學(xue)品(pin)具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)(you)如下特點：危(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)學(xue)品(pin)泄(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)漏(lou)(lou)(lou)事故(gu)(gu)受泄(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)漏(lou)(lou)(lou)處(chu)開口大(da)小、泄(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)漏(lou)(lou)(lou)速(su)度、泄(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)漏(lou)(lou)(lou)總量、泄(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)漏(lou)(lou)(lou)途(tu)徑及(ji)氣(qi)(qi)象條件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響而導(dao)致的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)波及(ji)范(fan)圍不(bu)同。但一般比其(qi)(qi)它(ta)災害(hai)(hai)事故(gu)(gu)擴(kuo)散的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)范(fan)圍廣、面積大(da)。危(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)學(xue)品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)泄(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)漏(lou)(lou)(lou)中(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)毒(du)(du)(du)氣(qi)(qi)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)迅速(su)擴(kuo)散，使眾多的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人員(yuan)(yuan)中(zhong)(zhong)毒(du)(du)(du)傷(shang)(shang)亡(wang)。如京滬(hu)高速(su)曾(ceng)經發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)3.29事故(gu)(gu)，最后造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)28人中(zhong)(zhong)毒(du)(du)(du)死亡(wang)，多達(da)350人員(yuan)(yuan)住院治療，其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)270人留院觀察，緊急疏散人數多達(da)15000余人。危(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)學(xue)品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)泄(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)漏(lou)(lou)(lou)，并非(fei)像普通事故(gu)(gu)一樣，形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)危(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)害(hai)(hai)性一但發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，其(qi)(qi)災情(qing)基(ji)本不(bu)會在(zai)（再(zai)）發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)突變，而危(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)學(xue)品(pin)泄(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)漏(lou)(lou)(lou)，其(qi)(qi)危(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)情(qing)況隨時(shi)(shi)可能(neng)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)突變，造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)更大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)損失與(yu)危(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)害(hai)(hai)，因(yin)為危(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)學(xue)品(pin)泄(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)漏(lou)(lou)(lou)只(zhi)是(shi)一個開始(shi)，如果沒有(you)(you)(you)(you)進(jin)行有(you)(you)(you)(you)效(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)控制與(yu)防護，其(qi)(qi)危(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)害(hai)(hai)將會隨著時(shi)(shi)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)（推(tui)移）發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)突變。危(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)學(xue)品(pin)泄(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)漏(lou)(lou)(lou)具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)(you)一定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)隱蔽性，其(qi)(qi)泄(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)漏(lou)(lou)(lou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)化(hua)(hua)(hua)學(xue)品(pin)，可以(yi)是(shi)汽（氣(qi)(qi)）體(ti)和液(ye)體(ti)等多種(zhong)形(xing)式，因(yin)為是(shi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)學(xue)品(pin)，其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)大(da)部分是(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)毒(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)物(wu)質，可以(yi)在(zai)短時(shi)(shi)內危(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)及(ji)人的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)命(ming)，更可能(neng)當(dang)(dang)時(shi)(shi)沒有(you)(you)(you)(you)形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)命(ming)危(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，但在(zai)事故(gu)(gu)處(chu)理(li)后，對處(chu)理(li)人員(yuan)(yuan)或現場(chang)(chang)人員(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)永久性的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)損傷(shang)(shang)。同時(shi)(shi)在(zai)對現場(chang)(chang)處(chu)理(li)過程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)，有(you)(you)(you)(you)些操(cao)作是(shi)危(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)性相當(dang)(dang)極高的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，比如說堵漏(lou)(lou)(lou)、關閥(fa)與(yu)液(ye)體(ti)稀釋都有(you)(you)(you)(you)很大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)命(ming)危(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。

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二、如何應對化學品泄漏

1、危險(xian)化學品(pin)發生泄漏(lou)，要用濕毛巾捂住口鼻(bi)，及時(shi)撤離(li)現場，然后報警。

2、不(bu)要(yao)在事發(fa)地點周圍逗留，不(bu)開燈，不(bu)要(yao)動(dong)電(dian)器，以免產生火(huo)花導致爆炸；熄滅火(huo)種，關閥斷(duan)氣，以防發(fa)生火(huo)災或(huo)爆炸。

3、發現被遺棄的化學品，不要撿拾，應立(li)即撥打報警電話，說清(qing)具(ju)體(ti)位置、包裝標(biao)志、大致數量以及是(shi)否有氣味等情(qing)況。

4、遇到危險化學品運(yun)輸車輛(liang)發生事故(gu)(gu)，應盡快離(li)開事故(gu)(gu)現場，撤離(li)到上風口位置，不圍觀并立即(ji)撥打報警電話。

5、居民小區施工(gong)過程(cheng)中挖(wa)掘出有異味(wei)的土(tu)壤(rang)時(shi)，應立即(ji)撤(che)離并撥打電話報警，在異味(wei)土(tu)壤(rang)清走(zou)之前，周(zhou)圍居民和單位不(bu)要開窗通(tong)風。