紅細胞正常值是多少
男性:380萬-600萬個/mm3;正常指標:4.0-5.5X1012個/每升。
女性:380萬-550萬個/mm3;正常指標:3.5-5.0X1012個/每升。
紅細胞數量(liang)減少(shao)時(shi),氧氣的搬運能力會(hui)(hui)降低,變成(cheng)缺氧狀(zhuang)態(tai),產生(sheng)貧血(xue);嚴(yan)重時(shi)會(hui)(hui)有(you)生(sheng)命危險。但如(ru)果增加過(guo)多,血(xue)液會(hui)(hui)變濃(nong),不易流動,血(xue)管(guan)容(rong)易阻塞。
紅細胞非常小,在1立方毫米的血液里含有500萬個紅細胞,人體內的紅細胞數可達250億個。紅細胞數目可隨外界條件和年齡的不同而有所改變。高原居民和新生兒可達600萬/mm3以上。從事體育運動或經常鍛煉的人紅細胞數量也較多。血紅蛋白含量,男性為12~15g/100ml,女性為(wei)11~13g/100ml。
紅細胞偏高是什么意思
引(yin)起紅(hong)細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)高(gao)的原因(yin)有相對(dui)性(xing)(xing)(xing)的增(zeng)(zeng)高(gao)和絕對(dui)性(xing)(xing)(xing)的增(zeng)(zeng)高(gao)。相對(dui)性(xing)(xing)(xing)的增(zeng)(zeng)高(gao)常見于(yu)嚴(yan)重(zhong)(zhong)脫(tuo)水的情(qing)況(kuang),如大量(liang)出汗、嚴(yan)重(zhong)(zhong)的嘔吐、腹瀉、大面積燒傷(shang)等(deng),由(you)于(yu)血(xue)漿容量(liang)減少引(yin)起紅(hong)細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)相對(dui)性(xing)(xing)(xing)的過高(gao)。絕對(dui)性(xing)(xing)(xing)的過高(gao)常見于(yu)長期嚴(yan)重(zhong)(zhong)缺氧的情(qing)況(kuang),如高(gao)原地區的居民、嚴(yan)重(zhong)(zhong)慢性(xing)(xing)(xing)阻塞性(xing)(xing)(xing)肺病(bing)(bing)、肺源性(xing)(xing)(xing)心臟病(bing)(bing)和發紺型先天性(xing)(xing)(xing)心臟病(bing)(bing),同時還(huan)可(ke)見于(yu)原發性(xing)(xing)(xing)血(xue)小板增(zeng)(zeng)多(duo)癥、真性(xing)(xing)(xing)紅(hong)細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)增(zeng)(zeng)多(duo)癥等(deng)骨(gu)髓增(zeng)(zeng)殖(zhi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)疾病(bing)(bing),這類(lei)患(huan)者紅(hong)細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)往(wang)往(wang)會出現持續性(xing)(xing)(xing)的增(zeng)(zeng)高(gao),血(xue)紅(hong)蛋白也會明顯增(zeng)(zeng)高(gao)。
紅細胞低是怎么回事
紅(hong)細(xi)胞(bao)偏(pian)低就是(shi)指貧(pin)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue),原(yuan)因(yin)較(jiao)多,如(ru)由于(yu)缺(que)乏造血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)原(yuan)料導(dao)致(zhi)的(de)(de)貧(pin)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue),比(bi)如(ru)缺(que)鐵(tie)性(xing)貧(pin)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、巨幼細(xi)胞(bao)性(xing)貧(pin)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue);由于(yu)骨髓造血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)異常(chang)導(dao)致(zhi)的(de)(de)貧(pin)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue),比(bi)如(ru)再(zai)生障礙(ai)性(xing)貧(pin)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue),白(bai)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)病,骨髓增生異常(chang)綜(zong)合征等;紅(hong)細(xi)胞(bao)破壞(huai)增加所(suo)導(dao)致(zhi)的(de)(de)貧(pin)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue),也就是(shi)溶血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)性(xing)貧(pin)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue);失血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)性(xing)貧(pin)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue),比(bi)如(ru)消(xiao)化道出血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、泌尿系出血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)等所(suo)導(dao)致(zhi)的(de)(de)貧(pin)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)。需要完善(shan)檢(jian)查,明確(que)病因(yin)治(zhi)療(liao)。
紅細胞壓積偏低
紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)細(xi)胞(bao)(bao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)積(ji)(ji)(ji)也(ye)叫紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)細(xi)胞(bao)(bao)比容(rong)(rong),就(jiu)是血(xue)(xue)液中紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)細(xi)胞(bao)(bao)容(rong)(rong)積(ji)(ji)(ji)占(zhan)全血(xue)(xue)容(rong)(rong)積(ji)(ji)(ji)的百分比。正(zheng)常成年女性是0.37-0.48,成年男性是0.4-0.5。紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)細(xi)胞(bao)(bao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)積(ji)(ji)(ji)偏(pian)(pian)(pian)低,最常見(jian)的是各種(zhong)類(lei)型的貧(pin)血(xue)(xue),如(ru)缺鐵(tie)性貧(pin)血(xue)(xue),再生障(zhang)礙性貧(pin)血(xue)(xue),溶(rong)血(xue)(xue)性貧(pin)血(xue)(xue)等等,由于(yu)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)細(xi)胞(bao)(bao)生成減少或破壞(huai)增(zeng)多(duo),紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)細(xi)胞(bao)(bao)數量減少,導致紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)細(xi)胞(bao)(bao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)積(ji)(ji)(ji)偏(pian)(pian)(pian)低。紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)細(xi)胞(bao)(bao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)積(ji)(ji)(ji)偏(pian)(pian)(pian)低還看見(jian)于(yu)血(xue)(xue)容(rong)(rong)量增(zeng)加的情(qing)況,如(ru)大量輸(shu)液后,血(xue)(xue)容(rong)(rong)量增(zeng)加,紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)細(xi)胞(bao)(bao)密(mi)度減少,也(ye)會出現壓(ya)(ya)(ya)積(ji)(ji)(ji)偏(pian)(pian)(pian)低。
紅細胞壓積偏高
紅(hong)細胞(bao)壓(ya)積(ji)偏(pian)高(gao)(gao)(gao),可以是脫水血(xue)(xue)液(ye)濃縮,如果(guo)不是過(guo)高(gao)(gao)(gao)的話(hua),多喝水以稀釋血(xue)(xue)液(ye)。如果(guo)紅(hong)細胞(bao)壓(ya)積(ji)偏(pian)高(gao)(gao)(gao),伴(ban)有(you)血(xue)(xue)容量不足(zu)的表現(xian),如血(xue)(xue)壓(ya)下降(jiang),尿量減(jian)少(shao),甚至無尿,那就(jiu)應(ying)(ying)該迅(xun)速靜脈輸注鹽水等(deng)晶體液(ye),隨后輸注血(xue)(xue)漿等(deng)膠體液(ye)擴(kuo)充血(xue)(xue)容量治(zhi)療,否(fou)則會發生急性腎功能衰竭而(er)使原有(you)的疾病病情更復雜。如果(guo)紅(hong)細胞(bao)壓(ya)積(ji)明(ming)顯增(zeng)高(gao)(gao)(gao),應(ying)(ying)到血(xue)(xue)液(ye)科(ke)就(jiu)診,以明(ming)確是不是真(zhen)性紅(hong)細胞(bao)增(zeng)多癥(zheng)。如果(guo)確診了真(zhen)性紅(hong)細胞(bao)增(zeng)多癥(zheng),就(jiu)要在(zai)血(xue)(xue)液(ye)專科(ke)進(jin)行(xing)放血(xue)(xue)或藥物治(zhi)療。