板式家具的板材分類 板式家具的結構
1、板材簡介:
A、刨花板(Particle Board):刨(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)花(hua)(hua)板(ban)的(de)發(fa)源地(di)在(zai)歐洲,存在(zai)己有將(jiang)近60年(nian)的(de)歷史了。它的(de)發(fa)明使(shi)(shi)自然資源得(de)到(dao)了有效保護。并克服(fu)了天(tian)然木材的(de)特點,它的(de)不(bu)易變形和穩(wen)定的(de)物理性能(neng)使(shi)(shi)之得(de)以(yi)(yi)在(zai)家(jia)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)生(sheng)產領域被大量使(shi)(shi)用。刨(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)花(hua)(hua)板(ban)是由(you)天(tian)然原木經(jing)切剖、粉碎(sui)、高溫高壓制成(cheng)的(de)一(yi)種更適合(he)家(jia)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)加(jia)工生(sheng)產和使(shi)(shi)用的(de)板(ban)材,具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)有不(bu)易變形,握釘力強的(de)優點,因而(er)在(zai)歐洲被作為一(yi)流板(ban)式家(jia)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)的(de)主要(yao)原材料。在(zai)國內(nei),有人宣傳(chuan)刨(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)花(hua)(hua)板(ban)為工業廢料制成(cheng),引起消費者對(dui)刨(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)花(hua)(hua)板(ban)的(de)誤解。刨(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)花(hua)(hua)板(ban)的(de)加(jia)工對(dui)木工機械的(de)要(yao)求極高,否則就會出現鋸面缺口等現象,從而(er)影響(xiang)家(jia)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)質量,所以(yi)(yi)許(xu)多工廠不(bu)使(shi)(shi)用刨(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)花(hua)(hua)板(ban)。另一(yi)方面,確(que)實也有廠家(jia)用劣(lie)質刨(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)花(hua)(hua)板(ban)生(sheng)產家(jia)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)以(yi)(yi)節省(sheng)成(cheng)本,因而(er)影響(xiang)了刨(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)花(hua)(hua)板(ban)的(de)聲(sheng)譽。刨(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)花(hua)(hua)板(ban)的(de)缺點是不(bu)易做彎曲處理
B、 中纖(xian)板(ban)(ban)(MDF,Medium Density Fiberboard):中密度纖(xian)維板(ban)(ban)的(de)簡稱。特點是木(mu)質勻細,易于加工,尤其適(shi)合曲面及異形設計。
2、基材和表面裝飾材料
現在市場上常看到的家具板是由基材和表面裝飾材料兩部分組成的。表面裝飾材料是貼或附著在基材的表面的。
基材有(you):木材,刨花板,中密度,集(ji)成材等。
A、表面裝飾材料類型:
表面裝飾材料有:天然木單板(木皮),混色油漆(混油),三聚氰胺,防火板,油漆紙,吸塑的PVC皮子等。
最常(chang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的家具(ju)(ju)板(ban)(ban)材,由(you)于(yu)國內(nei)早期大部分生(sheng)產的都(dou)是(shi)(shi)劣質刨(bao)花(hua)板(ban)(ban),所(suo)以(yi)刨(bao)花(hua)板(ban)(ban)的名聲很(hen)臭。但優(you)質刨(bao)花(hua)板(ban)(ban)與(yu)優(you)質中(zhong)密(mi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)相(xiang)比(bi),刨(bao)花(hua)板(ban)(ban)具(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)重量(liang)輕,握釘(ding)力強(qiang),防(fang)潮防(fang)水性好,更容易(yi)控(kong)制甲(jia)醛釋放(fang)量(liang),不易(yi)變形等(deng)優(you)點,適(shi)合用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)家具(ju)(ju)平(ping)面的地方(fang)。它的缺點是(shi)(shi)顆粒大,對油漆,雕刻,吸塑等(deng)工藝來說(shuo)應該使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)中(zhong)密(mi)度(du)(du)(du)(du),還有(you)(you)一些薄板(ban)(ban)應該用(yong)(yong)(yong)中(zhong)密(mi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)。在有(you)(you)質量(liang)保證的條件下刨(bao)花(hua)板(ban)(ban)與(yu)中(zhong)密(mi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)沒有(you)(you)好壞之(zhi)分,只是(shi)(shi)適(shi)合于(yu)不同的用(yong)(yong)(yong)途。另(ling)外,所(suo)謂(wei)高(gao)密(mi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)板(ban)(ban)的家具(ju)(ju)一般都(dou)是(shi)(shi)中(zhong)密(mi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)板(ban)(ban)。真(zhen)正高(gao)密(mi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)板(ban)(ban)另(ling)有(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)途(如高(gao)強(qiang)度(du)(du)(du)(du)復合地板(ban)(ban))。
B、飾面材料類型:
飾面材料分為:人(ren)造貼面和天然木材(cai)貼面。
人造貼面材料:其(qi)優點(dian)表面耐磨,硬度(du)高,不易起皮,色澤均勻,表面平整,較能夠抗環境因素影響,貼面穩定。
天然飾面:多采用0.6毫米天然(ran)木(mu)材切片,木(mu)紋與顏(yan)色深淺色差均來自(zi)于大自(zi)然(ran)獨一無二(er)的(de)創造,對光的(de)渲染有(you)(you)強(qiang)烈(lie)的(de)色彩表現(xian)力,但表面漆面硬度相對于三聚氰胺(an)較軟,耐磨耐熱(re)性(xing)較差。新家(jia)具在4-6個月內,受光部分顏(yan)色會(hui)(hui)明顯變(bian)深,如果(guo)桌(zhuo)面擺放物(wu)品(pin)長期(qi)不(bu)移動,會(hui)(hui)造成物(wu)品(pin)下面的(de)木(mu)皮顏(yan)色相對發白,但是(shi)在4-6個月后,顏(yan)色就(jiu)基本穩定不(bu)會(hui)(hui)有(you)(you)大的(de)變(bian)化。
客戶在對于飾面板的驗收時,應注意以下幾點:
實木貼面材料:應與(yu)基(ji)材膠合穩定(ding)平(ping)滑,板材平(ping)面平(ping)整,無起凸(tu)或龜(gui)裂跡象。
漆面板材:應色澤統一,漆(qi)面平(ping)整(zheng),板材表面無遺(yi)落。噴染之處與封(feng)邊條之間無落噴、液涂不嚴之處。
除以上檢驗標準之外,客戶購買還需考慮到家具公司在新產品的開發能力及部件之間的互通性,以備對已購家具不斷的調整。
板式家具的結構
板式(shi)家(jia)具是(shi)以人造(zao)板為(wei)(wei)主要基材,是(shi)板件為(wei)(wei)基本結構的(de)(de)拆裝組合(he)式(shi)家(jia)具,全部經表面裝飾的(de)(de)人造(zao)板材加五(wu)金件連接而成的(de)(de)家(jia)具。
板(ban)式家具(ju)(ju)具(ju)(ju)有可(ke)拆卸,造型古(gu)語變化(hua),外(wai)觀時尚,不(bu)易變形(xing),質(zhi)量穩定(ding),價格實(shi)惠等基本(ben)特征。板(ban)式家具(ju)(ju)不(bu)見的(de)(de)結合通(tong)常采用各(ge)種金屬五金件連接,裝配(pei)和拆卸都十分方便,加工(gong)精度高的(de)(de)家具(ju)(ju)可(ke)以多(duo)次拆卸安裝,方便運(yun)輸(shu),因(yin)為基材打破了(le)木(mu)(mu)(mu)材原有的(de)(de)物理結構,所以在溫、濕度變化(hua)較大的(de)(de)時候(hou),人造板(ban)的(de)(de)形(xing)變要比(bi)實(shi)木(mu)(mu)(mu)多(duo)得多(duo),質(zhi)量要比(bi)實(shi)木(mu)(mu)(mu)家具(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)質(zhi)量穩定(ding)。
常(chang)見的人造板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)材(cai)(cai)有膠合(he)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、細木(mu)工板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、刨(bao)花板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、中(zhong)纖(xian)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)等。膠合(he)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(夾板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban))常(chang)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)制作(zuo)需要彎曲變形(xing)的家具(ju);細木(mu)工板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)性能有時會(hui)受板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)芯材(cai)(cai)質影(ying)響;刨(bao)花板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(又(you)叫微粒板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、蔗渣(zha)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban))材(cai)(cai)質疏松,僅用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)低檔(dang)(dang)家具(ju)。性價(jia)(jia)比最(zui)高、最(zui)常(chang)用(yong)(yong)的是中(zhong)密度纖(xian)維板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(MDF)。板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)式(shi)家具(ju)常(chang)見的飾(shi)(shi)面(mian)(mian)(mian)材(cai)(cai)料有薄木(mu)(俗稱(cheng)貼(tie)木(mu)皮)、木(mu)紋紙(俗稱(cheng)貼(tie)紙)、PVC膠板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、聚脂漆(qi)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(俗稱(cheng)烤漆(qi))等。后三種飾(shi)(shi)面(mian)(mian)(mian)通常(chang)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)中(zhong)低檔(dang)(dang)家具(ju),而天然木(mu)皮飾(shi)(shi)面(mian)(mian)(mian)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)高檔(dang)(dang)產品。板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)式(shi)家具(ju)是由中(zhong)密度纖(xian)維板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)或刨(bao)花板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)進(jin)行(xing)表面(mian)(mian)(mian)貼(tie)面(mian)(mian)(mian)等工藝(yi)制成的家具(ju)。這(zhe)種家具(ju)中(zhong)有很大一(yi)部分是木(mu)紋仿(fang)真家具(ju)。目前市場上出售的一(yi)些板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)式(shi)家具(ju)的貼(tie)面(mian)(mian)(mian)越來越逼真,光澤(ze)度、手感等都不(bu)錯,工藝(yi)精細的產品價(jia)(jia)格也很昂貴(gui)。