短吻舌鰨主要分布于我(wo)國的黃海(hai)、渤海(hai)、東(dong)海(hai)等(deng)海(hai)域。
短吻舌鰨(ta)背鰭條108~110。臀鰭條85~88。側線(xian)鱗75~80。脊椎骨45。體(ti)長(chang)為體(ti)高的4.5~5.0倍,為頭(tou)長的4.4~4.8倍。頭(tou)長為吻長的2.9~2.6倍,為眼(yan)徑的10.5~13.0倍,為(wei)眼間距的14.0~16.0倍。
短吻舌鰨體窄(zhai)長,側(ce)扁。頭(tou)(tou)較短,頭(tou)(tou)長與頭(tou)(tou)高約相(xiang)等。吻鈍(dun)尖,吻鉤末(mo)端約達(da)(da)有(you)(you)眼(yan)(yan)側(ce)前(qian)鼻孔(kong)(kong)的下(xia)方。口窄(zhai)小(xiao),口裂略呈(cheng)(cheng)半月形,伸達(da)(da)眼(yan)(yan)后下(xia)方。有(you)(you)眼(yan)(yan)側(ce)兩(liang)頜(he)無齒,無眼(yan)(yan)側(ce)兩(liang)頜(he)齒呈(cheng)(cheng)絨毛狀。兩(liang)眼(yan)(yan)相(xiang)距甚近,上眼(yan)(yan)較下(xia)眼(yan)(yan)稍前(qian)位。眼(yan)(yan)間隔平,被小(xiao)櫛鱗(lin)。有(you)(you)眼(yan)(yan)側(ce)前(qian)鼻孔(kong)(kong)位于上唇緣(yuan)上方,后鼻孔(kong)(kong)位于兩(liang)眼(yan)(yan)前(qian)緣(yuan)之間。鰓孔(kong)(kong)窄(zhai)。媳(xi)蓋(gai)膜相(xiang)愈合,不與峽部(bu)相(xiang)連。鰓耙細小(xiao)。體兩(liang)側(ce)均(jun)被大櫛鱗(lin),有(you)(you)眼(yan)(yan)側(ce)有(you)(you)3條例線,上中側線間均具12~13鱗,無(wu)(wu)(wu)限側(ce)無(wu)(wu)(wu)側(ce)線。腹膜灰白(bai)色。無(wu)(wu)(wu)鰾。腸(chang)短(duan)。背鰭(qi)(qi)(qi)臀鰭(qi)(qi)(qi)與尾(wei)鰭(qi)(qi)(qi)相(xiang)連(lian)。無(wu)(wu)(wu)胸鰭(qi)(qi)(qi)。有眼(yan)側(ce)腹鰭(qi)(qi)(qi)與臀鰭(qi)(qi)(qi)相(xiang)連(lian),無(wu)(wu)(wu)眼(yan)側(ce)無(wu)(wu)(wu)腹鰭(qi)(qi)(qi)。尾(wei)鰭(qi)(qi)(qi)尖形(xing)。有眼(yan)側(ce)體褐色,無(wu)(wu)(wu)眼(yan)側(ce)體為白(bai)色。
短吻舌鰨為入河口(kou)近海底層小型魚(yu)類,棲息于泥(ni)沙質海底,以小魚(yu)、小蝦(xia)、軟體動物為食(shi)物,產卵(luan)期4月,卵浮性。