一.產品介紹
大米(Rice),是(shi)稻谷(gu)(gu)經(jing)清理(li)、礱谷(gu)(gu)、碾米、成(cheng)品整理(li)等工序后制成(cheng)的成(cheng)品。 稻谷(gu)(gu)的胚與糊粉層中含有近64%的稻米營養(yang)和90%以上的人(ren)體所須的營養(yang)元素,是(shi)南方(fang)人(ren)民的主要食(shi)品。
大米的功效
1.嬰(ying)兒輔(fu)助飲食
有(you)益于嬰(ying)兒的(de)發育和健康,能刺激胃液的(de)分泌,有(you)助于消化(hua),并對脂肪的(de)吸收有(you)促(cu)進(jin)作用,亦能促(cu)使奶粉中的(de)酪(lao)蛋白(bai)形成(cheng)疏松而又柔軟的(de)小凝塊,使之容易(yi)消化(hua)吸收。
2.補充營養素的基礎食物
米粥具有補脾、和胃、清(qing)肺功效。
營養價值
大(da)米(mi)中(zhong)含碳水化(hua)(hua)合物75%左右,蛋(dan)(dan)白質(zhi)7%-8%,脂肪1.3%-1. 8%,并含有豐富(fu)的(de)B族維生素(su)等。大(da)米(mi)中(zhong)的(de)碳水化(hua)(hua)合物主要(yao)是淀粉,所(suo)含的(de)蛋(dan)(dan)白質(zhi)主要(yao)是米(mi)谷蛋(dan)(dan)白,其次是米(mi)膠蛋(dan)(dan)白和(he)(he)球(qiu)蛋(dan)(dan)白,其蛋(dan)(dan)白質(zhi)的(de)生物價和(he)(he)氨基(ji)酸的(de)構成比例都比小麥(mai)、大(da)麥(mai)、小米(mi)、玉米(mi)等禾(he)谷類作物高(gao),消化(hua)(hua)率66.8%-83.1%,也是谷類蛋(dan)(dan)白質(zhi)中(zhong)較高(gao)的(de)一種。
因(yin)此,食用大(da)(da)米(mi)(mi)有(you)較(jiao)高的(de)營養(yang)價(jia)值(zhi)(zhi)。但大(da)(da)米(mi)(mi)蛋(dan)白(bai)質(zhi)中(zhong)賴(lai)氨酸和蘇氨酸的(de)含量較(jiao)少,所以不是一種完全(quan)蛋(dan)白(bai)質(zhi),其營養(yang)價(jia)值(zhi)(zhi)比不上(shang)動物蛋(dan)白(bai)質(zhi)。但在午餐(can)(can)和晚(wan)餐(can)(can)時食用大(da)(da)米(mi)(mi),較(jiao)面食而言更(geng)有(you)利于人(ren)們(men)減肥。在我國(guo)南方地區人(ren)們(men)一般食用大(da)(da)米(mi)(mi)作為主(zhu)食,而在北(bei)方就有(you)很大(da)(da)的(de)不同。
脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)肪含(han)量(liang)約9%,其脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)肪中(zhong)所含(han)的(de)亞油(you)酸含(han)量(liang)較高,一般占全部(bu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)肪的(de)34%,比菜(cai)籽油(you)和茶油(you)分別多2-5倍(bei)。
禾(小米)、稻、稷(ji)(高粱)、麥、菽(豆)稱為“五谷”。(稻即(ji)是未加工(gong)的(de)大米)。
食物搭配相宜
【大米+栗子】 兩者均有健脾養胃、壯筋(jin)骨之效,結合時養胃補腎效果極佳(jia)。
【大(da)米(mi)+菠菜(cai)(cai)】 大(da)米(mi)益氣健脾通(tong)血(xue)脈(mo),菠菜(cai)(cai)滋陰(yin)補血(xue)二(er)者搭配潤燥養血(xue)功效明顯。
【大米(mi)+山藥】 大米(mi)可平和五(wu)臟,山藥健脾(pi)補腎,二者搭配健脾(pi)益胃(wei),助(zhu)消化。
【大米+白(bai)蘿卜(bu)】止(zhi)痰化咳,利膈止(zhi)渴,消除腫脹。
【大米+銀(yin)耳】兩者搭(da)配,滋陰潤肺、生津(jin)功效更強(qiang)。
【大米(mi)+燕窩】搭配可平和五(wu)臟更可滋陰補氣(qi)。
【大(da)米+小米】兩者營(ying)養互(hu)補,搭(da)配食(shi)用(yong)可提高(gao)營(ying)養價值。其小米的營(ying)養價值高(gao)于(yu)大(da)米,若兩者配合,有很(hen)好的營(ying)養價值。
功效
中(zhong)醫(yi)認為(wei)大米味甘性平,具有補中(zhong)益(yi)(yi)氣、健脾養胃、益(yi)(yi)精強志、和五(wu)(wu)臟(zang)、通血脈、聰耳明(ming)目止煩、止渴、止瀉的功效(xiao),稱譽為(wei)“五(wu)(wu)谷之(zhi)首”,是中(zhong)國的主要糧食作物,約占糧食作物栽(zai)培面積的四分(fen)之(zhi)一(yi)。世界(jie)上有一(yi)半人口以大米為(wei)主食。
大米,入脾、胃、肺(fei)經,具有(you)補中(zhong)(zhong)益氣、滋陰潤肺(fei)、健(jian)脾和胃、除煩(fan)渴的作用(yong)(yong)。古代養生(sheng)(sheng)家還倡導“晨起食粥(zhou)”以生(sheng)(sheng)津液(ye)(ye),因此,因肺(fei)陰虧虛所致的咳嗽(sou)、便秘患者可(ke)早晚用(yong)(yong)大米煮(zhu)粥(zhou)服(fu)用(yong)(yong)。經常喝點大米粥(zhou)有(you)助于(yu)津液(ye)(ye)的生(sheng)(sheng)發(fa),可(ke)在一(yi)定(ding)程度上緩解皮膚干燥等不適。煮(zhu)粥(zhou)時若加點梨,中(zhong)(zhong)醫養生(sheng)(sheng)效(xiao)果更好。
二.自然生態環境和人文歷史因素
(1)地(di)(di)(di)形(xing)地(di)(di)(di)貌情(qing)況:龍(long)(long)門縣(xian)(xian)(xian)地(di)(di)(di)處九(jiu)(jiu)連(lian)(lian)、羅浮(fu)兩大(da)(da)(da)(da)山(shan)脈(mo)之(zhi)間。九(jiu)(jiu)連(lian)(lian)山(shan)系(xi)(xi)伸(shen)入縣(xian)(xian)(xian)境(jing),向東和東南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)派分(fen)(fen)出(chu)分(fen)(fen)支與羅浮(fu)山(shan)脈(mo)連(lian)(lian)接。境(jing)內山(shan)巒起伏,群山(shan)重疊,縱橫(heng)交錯,構成(cheng)“群山(shan)之(zhi)地(di)(di)(di)”。山(shan)川丘陵之(zhi)間有(you)(you)(you)5~70平(ping)(ping)(ping)方(fang)公里(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)河(he)谷盤地(di)(di)(di)10個(ge)(ge)(ge)。擁有(you)(you)(you)得天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)獨厚(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)森林(lin)資(zi)源,森林(lin)覆蓋率達76.09%;空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)達國(guo)家(jia)一(yi)級(ji)(ji),其中(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)“北回歸線上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)綠洲” 和“天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)然氧吧(ba)”之(zhi)美(mei)譽的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)昆山(shan)空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)負離子(zi)含(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)最高(gao)達每立(li)(li)(li)(li)方(fang)厘(li)米(mi)(mi)11萬(wan)個(ge)(ge)(ge); (2)土壤條件:根據土壤普查,龍(long)(long)門水(shui)(shui)(shui)稻(dao)土的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)養分(fen)(fen)含(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang),除(chu)速(su)效鉀(jia)(jia)含(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)較低(di)外,其他養分(fen)(fen)都比較適(shi)宜。有(you)(you)(you)機質(zhi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)含(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)為(wei)(wei)2.53%;水(shui)(shui)(shui)解(jie)氮平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)含(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)為(wei)(wei)99.93ppm;有(you)(you)(you)效磷為(wei)(wei)21.39ppm;速(su)效鉀(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)含(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)為(wei)(wei)50.63ppm;pH值(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)幅范(fan)圍5.0~7.0。 (3)水(shui)(shui)(shui)文(wen)情(qing)況:龍(long)(long)門縣(xian)(xian)(xian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)源豐富,龍(long)(long)門縣(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要河(he)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)是(shi)增(zeng)江,貫通縣(xian)(xian)(xian)境(jing)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)北。龍(long)(long)門縣(xian)(xian)(xian)境(jing)內集(ji)雨(yu)面(mian)積(ji)2126平(ping)(ping)(ping)方(fang)公里(li),河(he)長128.6公里(li)。除(chu)增(zeng)江干流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)外,集(ji)雨(yu)面(mian)積(ji)100平(ping)(ping)(ping)方(fang)公里(li)以上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)河(he)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)有(you)(you)(you)7條,全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)有(you)(you)(you)水(shui)(shui)(shui)文(wen)站1個(ge)(ge)(ge)、蒸發站1個(ge)(ge)(ge)、雨(yu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)站11個(ge)(ge)(ge),徑(jing)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)系(xi)(xi)數0.626,多(duo)(duo)年(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)徑(jing)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)30.659億立(li)(li)(li)(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi),徑(jing)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)深1335.9毫米(mi)(mi)。全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)年(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)地(di)(di)(di)下水(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)源量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)為(wei)(wei)6.89億立(li)(li)(li)(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi),平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)地(di)(di)(di)表(biao)總逕流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)為(wei)(wei)30.659億立(li)(li)(li)(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)。地(di)(di)(di)表(biao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)豐富,水(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)達國(guo)家(jia)一(yi)、二級(ji)(ji)飲用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)標準,溫(wen)泉帶綿延百里(li),水(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)優、儲量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)、規模以上(shang)溫(wen)泉13個(ge)(ge)(ge),是(shi)全(quan)省首個(ge)(ge)(ge) “中(zhong)國(guo)溫(wen)泉之(zhi)鄉”。稻(dao)田灌(guan)溉(gai)(gai)用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)大(da)(da)(da)(da)部(bu)分(fen)(fen)用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫水(shui)(shui)(shui)灌(guan)溉(gai)(gai),其天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)然水(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)好、污染少,現(xian)有(you)(you)(you)大(da)(da)(da)(da)小型(xing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫蓄水(shui)(shui)(shui)工程54宗,灌(guan)溉(gai)(gai)庫容4.44億立(li)(li)(li)(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi),設計灌(guan)溉(gai)(gai)面(mian)積(ji)1.45萬(wan)公頃。 (4)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候情(qing)況:龍(long)(long)門縣(xian)(xian)(xian)屬南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)亞熱(re)帶季(ji)(ji)風(feng)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候,由于(yu)山(shan)多(duo)(duo)。具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)明(ming)顯(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)山(shan)區氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候特點,導致了縣(xian)(xian)(xian)內氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)多(duo)(duo)樣(yang)性(xing)和復雜性(xing),南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)北溫(wen)差較大(da)(da)(da)(da),可達約5℃。冬(dong)半(ban)年(nian)盛行干燥的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)偏(pian)北季(ji)(ji)風(feng),夏半(ban)年(nian)盛行暖(nuan)濕的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)偏(pian)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)季(ji)(ji)風(feng)。春(chun)暖(nuan)來(lai)得遲,春(chun)末升溫(wen)快(kuai);夏季(ji)(ji)降雨(yu)多(duo)(duo);秋(qiu)涼來(lai)得早,秋(qiu)季(ji)(ji)降溫(wen)明(ming)顯(xian);冬(dong)季(ji)(ji)日(ri)溫(wen)差大(da)(da)(da)(da),有(you)(you)(you)不同(tong)程度的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)低(di)溫(wen)、霜凍天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。由于(yu)地(di)(di)(di)形(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響,使不穩(wen)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)暖(nuan)濕氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)團有(you)(you)(you)得于(yu)形(xing)成(cheng)對流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)發展的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)系(xi)(xi)統,造成(cheng)我縣(xian)(xian)(xian)雷(lei)雨(yu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)較多(duo)(duo),年(nian)均(jun)(jun)(jun)雷(lei)暴日(ri)為(wei)(wei)78天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)。日(ri)照充足,氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候溫(wen)和,年(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)日(ri)照時(shi)數1750.3小時(shi)。年(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)21.0℃,歷年(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)無(wu)霜期355天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)。雨(yu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)充沛,年(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)降雨(yu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)2147.1毫米(mi)(mi),全(quan)年(nian)降雨(yu)多(duo)(duo)集(ji)中(zhong)4至9月,占(zhan)年(nian)雨(yu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)80.8%。
三.地域范圍
龍(long)(long)(long)門(men)大米產自廣東(dong)(dong)省中(zhong)部(bu),增江上游,地處(chu)珠江三角洲邊緣,東(dong)(dong)南(nan)與河源市(shi)、博羅縣接壤,西南(nan)與從化市(shi)、增城市(shi)毗(pi)鄰(lin),北與新豐(feng)縣相連的龍(long)(long)(long)門(men)縣。龍(long)(long)(long)門(men)大米保護區域范(fan)圍(wei)為惠州市(shi)龍(long)(long)(long)門(men)縣轄下的龍(long)(long)(long)城街道辦、龍(long)(long)(long)田鎮(zhen)、平陵鎮(zhen)、龍(long)(long)(long)江鎮(zhen)、龍(long)(long)(long)華鎮(zhen)、麻(ma)榨鎮(zhen)、永漢鎮(zhen)、龍(long)(long)(long)潭(tan)鎮(zhen)、地派鎮(zhen)、藍田瑤(yao)族鄉(xiang)、南(nan)昆(kun)山旅(lv)游區管(guan)理委(wei)員會。地理坐(zuo)標(biao)為東(dong)(dong)經113°48′26〞~114°24′58〞,北緯(wei)23°20′06〞~23°57′50〞,種植面積(ji)1.77萬公(gong)頃,年產量8.76萬噸。
四.產品品質特性特征
(1)外(wai)在(zai)感官特征:外(wai)在(zai)產品(pin)(pin)品(pin)(pin)質特征:龍(long)門大(da)米(mi)米(mi)粒細長,粒長一般在(zai)6~7.5mm,長寬比值>3.5,米(mi)粒晶瑩剔透無心白(bai),氣(qi)味(wei)清香(xiang)(xiang);米(mi)飯軟滑可口,香(xiang)(xiang)氣(qi)怡(yi)人。 (2)內在(zai)品(pin)(pin)質指標(biao):龍(long)門大(da)米(mi)營養價值高(gao),堊白(bai)度(du)1.6~4.5%,堊白(bai)度(du)粒率≤5%,直鏈淀粉15~18%,膠稠度(du)50~70mm,減消值7級。 (3)安(an)全(quan)要(yao)求:龍(long)門大(da)米(mi)產地環(huan)境要(yao)符(fu)合無公害食品(pin)(pin) 水稻(dao)產地環(huan)境條件的要(yao)求,產品(pin)(pin)質量(liang)符(fu)合無公害農(nong)產品(pin)(pin)標(biao)準(zhun)要(yao)求,縣內所(suo)有(you)大(da)門企業均入駐(zhu)惠州市農(nong)產品(pin)(pin)質量(liang)安(an)全(quan)監(jian)管與溯源平臺。
五.特定生產方式
(1)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)選擇:龍門(men)(men)(men)縣(xian)2015年榮獲(huo)“廣(guang)(guang)(guang)東省生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態縣(xian)”榮譽稱號(hao),目(mu)前正在(zai)創(chuang)建國家生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態文明建設示范縣(xian)。龍門(men)(men)(men)大(da)(da)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)選擇境內無大(da)(da)型(xing)(xing)工(gong)(gong)廠(chang),無“三(san)(san)廢”排(pai)(pai)放和(he)空氣污(wu)染(ran)(ran),土(tu)壤質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di)(di)肥(fei)沃,有機(ji)(ji)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)含量(liang)(liang)(liang)2.5%以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上,土(tu)壤呈微酸性(xing),PH值6.0~6.5;土(tu)層深厚,耕作層在(zai)20cm以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上,地(di)(di)(di)下(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)位60cm以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)區域(yu)作為(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)基(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)。大(da)(da)氣、土(tu)壤、水(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)條件均(jun)符(fu)合(he)(he)無公害(hai)(hai)(hai)食(shi)品(pin)(pin) 水(shui)(shui)(shui)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)環境條件的(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求(qiu)。 (2)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)選擇:選用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)優(you)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)高產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)、抗(kang)病(bing)性(xing)強(qiang)、抗(kang)逆性(xing)好(hao)、適應(ying)(ying)性(xing)廣(guang)(guang)(guang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)優(you)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)良(liang)種(zhong),種(zhong)子符(fu)合(he)(he)GB要(yao)求(qiu)。 (3)特(te)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)植(zhi)方式(shi)(shi):龍門(men)(men)(men)大(da)(da)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)特(te)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)植(zhi)方式(shi)(shi)是應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)測土(tu)配(pei)(pei)方施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、水(shui)(shui)(shui)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)三(san)(san)控(kong)施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、水(shui)(shui)(shui)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)機(ji)(ji)械化(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、水(shui)(shui)(shui)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)專(zhuan)業(ye)化(hua)(hua)統(tong)(tong)防(fang)統(tong)(tong)治(zhi)。 測土(tu)配(pei)(pei)方施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu):在(zai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)當(dang)(dang)中(zhong)(zhong)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)測土(tu)配(pei)(pei)方施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu),在(zai)合(he)(he)理施(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)有機(ji)(ji)肥(fei)料的(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)(ji)礎上,施(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)專(zhuan)門(men)(men)(men)針(zhen)對龍門(men)(men)(men)縣(xian)土(tu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)配(pei)(pei)制(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)53%(23:11:19)龍門(men)(men)(men)縣(xian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)測土(tu)配(pei)(pei)方施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)認(ren)定配(pei)(pei)方肥(fei)。 水(shui)(shui)(shui)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)三(san)(san)控(kong)施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu):通過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)控(kong)制(zhi)總施(shi)(shi)(shi)氮(dan)量(liang)(liang)(liang)和(he)基(ji)(ji)蘗肥(fei)施(shi)(shi)(shi)氮(dan)量(liang)(liang)(liang),提(ti)(ti)高氮(dan)肥(fei)利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv),減少環境污(wu)染(ran)(ran);通過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)控(kong)制(zhi)基(ji)(ji)蘗肥(fei)施(shi)(shi)(shi)氮(dan)量(liang)(liang)(liang),控(kong)制(zhi)苗峰,提(ti)(ti)高成穗率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)和(he)群體(ti)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang),實(shi)現高產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)穩產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan);通過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)控(kong)制(zhi)苗峰,增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)群體(ti)通透(tou)性(xing),控(kong)制(zhi)病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)發生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)和(he)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)。 水(shui)(shui)(shui)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)機(ji)(ji)械化(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu):水(shui)(shui)(shui)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)從(cong)育(yu)苗、整地(di)(di)(di)到(dao)(dao)收(shou)獲(huo)歸倉,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)機(ji)(ji)械化(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)為(wei)依托,完成水(shui)(shui)(shui)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)先進(jin)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)模(mo)式(shi)(shi)。 水(shui)(shui)(shui)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)專(zhuan)業(ye)化(hua)(hua)統(tong)(tong)防(fang)統(tong)(tong)治(zhi):在(zai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)全(quan)(quan)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)防(fang)治(zhi)為(wei)基(ji)(ji)礎,協調運用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)物理、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)防(fang)控(kong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu),使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)高效、低(di)毒(du)、低(di)殘留的(de)(de)(de)(de)化(hua)(hua)學農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥,禁止使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)劇毒(du)、高毒(du)和(he)國家禁止使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥。采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)市場化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)運作模(mo)式(shi)(shi),推(tui)廣(guang)(guang)(guang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)承包為(wei)主要(yao)服務形式(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)專(zhuan)業(ye)化(hua)(hua)防(fang)治(zhi)服務,利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)先進(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)設備(bei)和(he)方式(shi)(shi),將農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)作物病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)危害(hai)(hai)(hai)控(kong)制(zhi)在(zai)經(jing)濟允許水(shui)(shui)(shui)平以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)實(shi)現“保(bao)益控(kong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)、安全(quan)(quan)高效、資源節約、環境友好(hao)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de),確保(bao)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)安全(quan)(quan)、農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)安全(quan)(quan)和(he)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態安全(quan)(quan)。 (4)特(te)有的(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi):大(da)(da)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)實(shi)行(xing)傳統(tong)(tong)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi),一般(ban)需經(jing)清(qing)理、去(qu)石(shi)、磁選、礱谷、谷糙分(fen)離、白(bai)(bai)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)分(fen)級、色(se)選、包裝等工(gong)(gong)序(xu)。龍門(men)(men)(men)大(da)(da)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)了三(san)(san)道(dao)(dao)砂(sha)輥組(zu)合(he)(he)、直(zhi)排(pai)(pai)篩(shai)眼(yan)等特(te)有的(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)。 ①碾(nian)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)工(gong)(gong)序(xu):加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)短粒(li)(li)型(xing)(xing)大(da)(da)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)時,米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)機(ji)(ji)碾(nian)白(bai)(bai)多采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)一砂(sha)二鐵(指米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)機(ji)(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)磨輥的(de)(de)(de)(de)材(cai)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi))的(de)(de)(de)(de)組(zu)合(he)(he)方式(shi)(shi),這樣利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)二、三(san)(san)道(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)鐵輥才能將粳(jing)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)胚(pei)芽有效地(di)(di)(di)去(qu)除(chu)。而(er)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)長粒(li)(li)型(xing)(xing)大(da)(da)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)時,米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)機(ji)(ji)碾(nian)白(bai)(bai)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)三(san)(san)道(dao)(dao)砂(sha)輥組(zu)合(he)(he),不采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)鐵輥,避免在(zai)碾(nian)白(bai)(bai)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)較(jiao)多碎米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),從(cong)而(er)提(ti)(ti)高出米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)。 ②拋光(guang)工(gong)(gong)序(xu):加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)短粒(li)(li)型(xing)(xing)大(da)(da)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)選用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)拋光(guang)機(ji)(ji)碾(nian)白(bai)(bai)室(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)篩(shai)網,篩(shai)眼(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)排(pai)(pai)列是采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)斜排(pai)(pai)方式(shi)(shi),這是根據大(da)(da)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)粒(li)(li)型(xing)(xing)特(te)點(米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)粒(li)(li)本(ben)身結構強(qiang)度大(da)(da),含糠量(liang)(liang)(liang)較(jiao)少)而(er)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)。而(er)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)長粒(li)(li)型(xing)(xing)大(da)(da)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)時的(de)(de)(de)(de)拋光(guang)機(ji)(ji)碾(nian)白(bai)(bai)室(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)篩(shai)網,篩(shai)眼(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)排(pai)(pai)列則采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)直(zhi)排(pai)(pai)方式(shi)(shi),利(li)于排(pai)(pai)糠的(de)(de)(de)(de)順暢,使(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)外(wai)觀更(geng)整潔,達到(dao)(dao)光(guang)澤自(zi)然的(de)(de)(de)(de)效果。 (5)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)收(shou)獲(huo)及產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)后處理:當(dang)(dang)當(dang)(dang)籽粒(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)90%以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上充黃成熟,穗軸有三(san)(san)分(fen)之(zhi)二,基(ji)(ji)部(bu)有很少一部(bu)分(fen)綠色(se)籽粒(li)(li)存在(zai)時進(jin)行(xing)收(shou)獲(huo);采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人工(gong)(gong)或(huo)機(ji)(ji)械收(shou)割,要(yao)求(qiu)不同品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)單獨(du)收(shou)割、單獨(du)運輸、單獨(du)脫(tuo)粒(li)(li)、單獨(du)貯藏,嚴禁品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)間混雜。脫(tuo)粒(li)(li)后,晾曬(shai)數(shu)日,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)降低(di)含水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang),含水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)小(xiao)于13.5%,再進(jin)行(xing)揚場或(huo)機(ji)(ji)械清(qing)選。要(yao)求(qiu)統(tong)(tong)一分(fen)級過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)篩(shai),清(qing)除(chu)雜質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和(he)癟(bie)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao),達到(dao)(dao)粒(li)(li)度均(jun)一,破碎率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)小(xiao)于2%,雜質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)小(xiao)于1%,蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)蝕率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)小(xiao)于1%。保(bao)證純度、提(ti)(ti)高商(shang)品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)。 (6)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)記(ji)錄(lu)要(yao)求(qiu):按照農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)安全(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求(qiu)建立生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)記(ji)錄(lu)檔案(an),詳細記(ji)錄(lu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)投(tou)入(ru)品(pin)(pin),特(te)別是化(hua)(hua)肥(fei)、農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥的(de)(de)(de)(de)名(ming)稱、來源、用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)法、用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)和(he)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)、停用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)日期;病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)和(he)防(fang)治(zhi)情況、收(shou)獲(huo)日期、質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)檢測情況、銷售(shou)情況,保(bao)證產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)可(ke)追溯性(xing)。生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)記(ji)錄(lu)檔案(an)應(ying)(ying)當(dang)(dang)保(bao)存兩年以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上。
六.包裝標識相關規定
在保(bao)護(hu)區域內的(de)龍(long)門大(da)米(mi)(mi)生產(chan)經營者(zhe),在產(chan)品(pin)或包裝(zhuang)上使(shi)(shi)用(yong)已獲登記保(bao)護(hu)的(de)農(nong)產(chan)品(pin)地(di)理(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),需向(xiang)登記證書持有人龍(long)門縣農(nong)產(chan)品(pin)行業協會提出申(shen)請(qing)(qing),申(shen)請(qing)(qing)通過后方可采(cai)用(yong)龍(long)門大(da)米(mi)(mi)農(nong)產(chan)品(pin)地(di)理(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)公共標(biao)(biao)識字樣(yang)和標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)圖案,并按照(zhao)(zhao)本規范要求生產(chan),并按照(zhao)(zhao)《龍(long)門大(da)米(mi)(mi)農(nong)產(chan)品(pin)地(di)理(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)管理(li)(li)辦法(試行)》使(shi)(shi)用(yong)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),統一采(cai)用(yong)龍(long)門大(da)米(mi)(mi)農(nong)產(chan)品(pin)地(di)理(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)公共標(biao)(biao)識相結合的(de)標(biao)(biao)識標(biao)(biao)注(zhu)。