一.產品介紹
余姚(yao)瀑(pu)(pu)(pu)布(bu)(bu)(bu)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)茗(ming)產(chan)自最(zui)佳綠(lv)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)產(chan)區(qu)-四(si)明(ming)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),人(ren)稱(cheng)“第二廬山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)”,地(di)處浙(zhe)東沿海(hai),海(hai)拔在(zai)(zai)500米(mi)左(zuo)右,境(jing)內滿山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)遍坡的(de)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)樹,猶如(ru)翠龍蜿(wan)蜒,與青山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)秀水為伴,以(yi)清風(feng)云(yun)霧(wu)為侶,采日月(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)靈氣,得(de)天(tian)地(di)之(zhi)(zhi)精(jing)華(hua)(hua),使(shi)出產(chan)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)茗(ming)品(pin)質(zhi)上乘。同(tong)(tong)時四(si)明(ming)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)也是(shi)(shi)道(dao)教圣地(di),被列為第九洞(dong)天(tian),名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)曰“丹(dan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)赤水洞(dong)天(tian)”。那里山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)青、水秀、谷幽、瀑(pu)(pu)(pu)奇,被譽為“天(tian)然氧吧”、人(ren)間“綠(lv)肺(fei)”。一(yi)年(nian)四(si)季(ji)氣候優良,“冬如(ru)長(chang)白山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)”、“夏如(ru)莫(mo)干山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)”。四(si)明(ming)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)的(de)幽美仙(xian)(xian)(xian)境(jing),頻頻茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)事,與道(dao)教淵源之(zhi)(zhi)深,更吸引了眾多名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)人(ren)學(xue)子、道(dao)士(shi)高僧。他(ta)們到四(si)明(ming)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)隱居修煉與茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)為伴,修身(shen)養性以(yi)致學(xue)道(dao)成仙(xian)(xian)(xian)。至今(jin)有(you)漢(han)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)人(ren)丹(dan)丘子培育(yu)“大茗(ming)”,劉(liu)(綱(gang))樊(云(yun)翹)夫(fu)婦修道(dao)品(pin)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)成仙(xian)(xian)(xian)等(deng)(deng)傳(chuan)說(shuo)。歷代(dai)(dai)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)人(ren)還(huan)有(you)梅福、魏伯(bo)陽、孫綽兄弟,謝安、謝靈運、施肩吾(wu)、謝遺塵及(ji)(ji)唐(tang)代(dai)(dai)許(xu)多著(zhu)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)詩人(ren),他(ta)們都在(zai)(zai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)中留下足跡和詩詞。 余姚(yao)瀑(pu)(pu)(pu)布(bu)(bu)(bu)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)茗(ming),在(zai)(zai)唐(tang)宋以(yi)前,就久負盛名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming),據古(gu)籍記載:漢(han)代(dai)(dai)有(you)一(yi)位(wei)叫虞(yu)洪的(de)余姚(yao)人(ren)入四(si)明(ming)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)采茗(ming)(茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)),途(tu)遇仙(xian)(xian)(xian)人(ren),贈以(yi)瀑(pu)(pu)(pu)布(bu)(bu)(bu)嶺上的(de)大茗(ming),這就是(shi)(shi)現在(zai)(zai)的(de)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)瀑(pu)(pu)(pu)布(bu)(bu)(bu)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)茗(ming)前身(shen)。同(tong)(tong)時在(zai)(zai)唐(tang)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)圣陸羽《茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)經》中記載:浙(zhe)東茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉以(yi)越州(zhou)為上,余姚(yao)瀑(pu)(pu)(pu)布(bu)(bu)(bu)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)茗(ming)尤佳。 在(zai)(zai)改(gai)革(ge)開(kai)放(fang)春風(feng)吹(chui)拂(fu)下,余姚(yao)瀑(pu)(pu)(pu)布(bu)(bu)(bu)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)茗(ming)這一(yi)歷史知名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)古(gu)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)在(zai)(zai)上世紀70年(nian)代(dai)(dai)末(mo)恢復創制(zhi),在(zai)(zai)多名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)屆(jie)人(ren)士(shi)的(de)努力下,通過數年(nian)探索,在(zai)(zai)上世紀90年(nian)代(dai)(dai),解決了全程機械制(zhi)作(zuo)難題,同(tong)(tong)時70年(nian)代(dai)(dai)末(mo)從考(kao)察中得(de)到啟發,把名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)優茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)定為針狀形,使(shi)做出來(lai)的(de)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉外形細緊挺直,稍扁(bian)似松針,香高味醇,耐(nai)沖(chong)泡耐(nai)儲存,品(pin)質(zhi)獨特。 優良的(de)品(pin)質(zhi)以(yi)及(ji)(ji)豐富的(de)內涵使(shi)余姚(yao)瀑(pu)(pu)(pu)布(bu)(bu)(bu)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)茗(ming)聲名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)鵲起,在(zai)(zai)全國(guo)許(xu)多地(di)方以(yi)及(ji)(ji)南亞、日本、新加坡等(deng)(deng)地(di)暢銷,同(tong)(tong)時也先后獲得(de)寧(ning)(ning)波(bo)(bo)市名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)牌產(chan)品(pin)、寧(ning)(ning)波(bo)(bo)市八(ba)大名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)、浙(zhe)江(jiang)(jiang)省(sheng)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)牌產(chan)品(pin)和浙(zhe)江(jiang)(jiang)省(sheng)著(zhu)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)商標、中國(guo)馳名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)商標、浙(zhe)江(jiang)(jiang)省(sheng)優質(zhi)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)、中華(hua)(hua)文化名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)和中國(guo)鼎尖名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)等(deng)(deng)稱(cheng)號,并(bing)多次(ci)獲得(de)浙(zhe)江(jiang)(jiang)省(sheng)綠(lv)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)博覽會金獎、中綠(lv)杯和省(sheng)農博會金獎等(deng)(deng)多項榮譽,是(shi)(shi)全省(sheng)重要名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)區(qu)域品(pin)牌和寧(ning)(ning)波(bo)(bo)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)業產(chan)出規模(mo)最(zui)大的(de)區(qu)域性品(pin)牌。
二.自然生(sheng)態(tai)環境和(he)人文歷史(shi)因(yin)素
(1)土(tu)壤(rang)地(di)(di)貌情況:余(yu)姚屬浙東(dong)盆地(di)(di)與(yu)浙北平原交叉地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu),地(di)(di)勢南(nan)高北低(di),中間(jian)微(wei)陷。南(nan)部為四明山區(qu)(qu)——浙東(dong)革(ge)命老(lao)區(qu)(qu),山巒(luan)起伏,散(san)布大小不等(deng)的(de)臺地(di)(di)和(he)谷地(di)(di),中部為姚江沖(chong)積河谷平原,北部為錢塘(tang)江、杭州(zhou)灣沖(chong)積平原。土(tu)壤(rang)以紅壤(rang)、黃壤(rang)為主, PH值5.7左右,土(tu)層較為深厚,土(tu)壤(rang)肥沃,有機質含(han)量豐富(fu),達2.5%~4.5%。余(yu)姚環(huan)境優越(yue),交通便(bian)利,茶(cha)樹生長條件適宜,茶(cha)樹種植(zhi)區(qu)(qu)無(wu)(wu)環(huan)境污染,是生產無(wu)(wu)公害、綠色食品與(yu)有機茶(cha)的(de)理想境地(di)(di)。?
(2)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)文情況:余姚(yao)市分屬四個水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系:姚(yao)江水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系、奉化江水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系、曹娥江水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系和錢(qian)塘江水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系。其中姚(yao)江水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系面積最(zui)大(da),為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)918.48k㎡,占全市總面積近(jin)68.2%。多(duo)年(nian)平(ping)均年(nian)地表徑(jing)流量為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)11億立(li)方米(mi);地下水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)1124萬立(li)方米(mi)(未計灌(guan)溉(gai)回歸(gui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)補給量),但地下水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)可開采量較少。全市有(you)(you)河道1700多(duo)公(gong)里(li),河面約(yue)4.9萬畝,正常高水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)時蓄(xu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量8000萬立(li)方米(mi)左右(you),現狀水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)面率約(yue)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)5.2%。人均水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)占有(you)(you)量偏少,只有(you)(you)1330立(li)方米(mi)。最(zui)大(da)的河流為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)姚(yao)江,余姚(yao)市境內長(chang)度55公(gong)里(li),平(ping)原地帶河網密布(bu)。最(zui)大(da)的湖泊(bo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)牟山湖,蓄(xu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量400萬立(li)方米(mi)。最(zui)大(da)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)四明湖,總庫容為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)12354萬立(li)方米(mi);興(xing)利(li)庫容7439萬立(li)方米(mi)。產區水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)能、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)力資(zi)源(yuan)十(shi)分豐(feng)富。?
(3)氣(qi)候情況:余姚屬于北亞熱帶季(ji)風(feng)氣(qi)候,冬夏季(ji)風(feng)交替特別(bie)明(ming)顯,溫暖濕潤,四(si)季(ji)分明(ming),陽光(guang)充足,雨量充沛,垂直差異和(he)層狀(zhuang)分布(bu)明(ming)顯。其中(zhong),平均降雨量在1263—1987毫米,6月份和(he)九月份是兩個主要雨季(ji);年(nian)日(ri)照時數1502—2081小時,全年(nian)無霜期(qi)198-228天(tian),平均氣(qi)溫為(wei)(wei)11.6—16.4℃,≥10℃積(ji)溫3493-5166℃,年(nian)輻射(she)總量106-112千卡/平方厘(li)米左(zuo)右,主導風(feng)向為(wei)(wei)東(dong)南風(feng)和(he)西(xi)北風(feng)。
三.地域范圍
余姚市(shi)位于(yu)(yu)(yu)浙東(dong)寧波平(ping)原,東(dong)與寧波市(shi)江北區、鄞州區相鄰,南枕四(si)明山,與奉(feng)化、嵊(sheng)州市(shi)接壤,西連上虞市(shi),北毗慈溪市(shi),西北于(yu)(yu)(yu)錢塘江、杭州灣中(zhong)心(xin)線(xian)與海鹽縣交界,全(quan)(quan)市(shi)總面積1526.86平(ping)方公里,有(you)21個鄉(xiang)鎮街(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)道,268個行政村。 余姚瀑布仙(xian)茗產(chan)自于(yu)(yu)(yu)四(si)明山、大嵐、梁弄、鹿亭、陸埠、大隱、河(he)姆渡、三七(qi)(qi)市(shi)、丈亭、馬渚、牟山、臨(lin)山、蘭江街(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)道、梨洲(zhou)街(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)道、低塘街(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)道、陽明街(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)道、鳳山街(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)道等十七(qi)(qi)個鄉(xiang)鎮(街(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)道)。地理(li)坐標(biao)為東(dong)經(jing)120°52′00″~121°54′00″,北緯29°40′00″~30°23′00″,全(quan)(quan)市(shi)茶(cha)園面積6.1萬畝,產(chan)量為655噸(dun),產(chan)值1.2億元。
四(si).產品品質特性(xing)特征
(1)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)在感官特(te)征:余姚瀑(pu)布仙(xian)(xian)茗以品(pin)(pin)(pin)種、加(jia)工工藝為(wei)基礎,推出“三色(se)四字”系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)列(lie)(lie)產品(pin)(pin)(pin),其中黃之(zhi)綠茶(cha)對應(ying)“金(jin)韻(yun)”系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)列(lie)(lie),設2個(ge)(ge)級(ji)(ji)別(bie)分別(bie)為(wei)24k、18k,金(jin)韻(yun)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)列(lie)(lie)產品(pin)(pin)(pin)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)形(xing)(xing)(xing)卷(juan)(juan)曲(qu)如(ru)螺、勻凈(jing)、金(jin)色(se)悅目,香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)高郁持久,滋(zi)味醇(chun)鮮(xian)(xian)(xian)回甘,湯(tang)(tang)色(se)黃亮,葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)底(di)玉黃、細嫩(nen)成朵(duo)明(ming)(ming)亮;白(bai)(bai)之(zhi)綠茶(cha)對應(ying)“雪(xue)韻(yun)”系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)列(lie)(lie),設3個(ge)(ge)主級(ji)(ji)別(bie)(雪(xue)韻(yun)700、雪(xue)韻(yun)500、雪(xue)韻(yun)300)和1個(ge)(ge)副級(ji)(ji)別(bie)(普級(ji)(ji)),主級(ji)(ji)別(bie)的(de)鮮(xian)(xian)(xian)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)嫩(nen)度基本一(yi)致,根據白(bai)(bai)化(hua)茶(cha)白(bai)(bai)化(hua)程(cheng)度不(bu)(bu)同,內質不(bu)(bu)一(yi)的(de)特(te)性加(jia)以區別(bie),雪(xue)韻(yun)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)列(lie)(lie)產品(pin)(pin)(pin)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)形(xing)(xing)(xing)卷(juan)(juan)曲(qu)如(ru)鉤、勻凈(jing)、綠翠(cui)鑲金(jin),香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)高鮮(xian)(xian)(xian)持久,湯(tang)(tang)色(se)翠(cui)綠明(ming)(ming)亮,滋(zi)味鮮(xian)(xian)(xian)醇(chun),葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)底(di)顯白(bai)(bai)、嫩(nen)勻明(ming)(ming)亮;綠之(zhi)綠茶(cha)對應(ying)“針(zhen)形(xing)(xing)(xing)”、“龍(long)珠”等(deng)2個(ge)(ge)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)列(lie)(lie),“針(zhen)形(xing)(xing)(xing)”系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)列(lie)(lie)設5個(ge)(ge)級(ji)(ji)別(bie),產品(pin)(pin)(pin)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)形(xing)(xing)(xing)條(tiao)緊(jin)略扁(bian)、勻凈(jing)、色(se)澤綠翠(cui),香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)氣嫩(nen)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)持久,滋(zi)味鮮(xian)(xian)(xian)醇(chun)爽口(kou),湯(tang)(tang)色(se)嫩(nen)綠清澈明(ming)(ming)亮,葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)底(di)芽葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)成朵(duo)、勻齊(qi);龍(long)珠系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)列(lie)(lie)設2個(ge)(ge)級(ji)(ji)別(bie),即一(yi)級(ji)(ji)、二級(ji)(ji),產品(pin)(pin)(pin)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)形(xing)(xing)(xing)蟠曲(qu)、緊(jin)結(jie)、勻凈(jing),色(se)澤砂綠油(you)潤(run),香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)高持久,滋(zi)味鮮(xian)(xian)(xian)醇(chun)爽口(kou),湯(tang)(tang)色(se)綠亮,葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)底(di)芽葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)成朵(duo)、勻整明(ming)(ming)亮。余姚瀑(pu)布仙(xian)(xian)茗豐富的(de)產品(pin)(pin)(pin)構成,囊括高端品(pin)(pin)(pin)位特(te)色(se)珍稀產品(pin)(pin)(pin)和適合大眾消費(fei)的(de)低值(zhi)產品(pin)(pin)(pin),構成高、中、低三個(ge)(ge)層次的(de)產品(pin)(pin)(pin)結(jie)構,從(cong)而達到滿足(zu)不(bu)(bu)同層次消費(fei)者(zhe)的(de)需(xu)要。?
(2)內(nei)在品(pin)質指標(biao):水(shui)分含(han)量(liang)≤6.5%,總灰分≤6.0%,碎末含(han)量(liang)≤5.5%,粗纖維含(han)量(liang)≤14.0%,水(shui)浸出物含(han)量(liang)≥36.0%?
(3)質(zhi)量安全要求:衛生指(zhi)標執行(xing)GB 2762和GB 2763《新茶葉衛生標準》。
五.特定生產方式
(1)產(chan)地(di)(di)選擇和特定內容規(gui)定:余姚瀑(pu)布(bu)仙茗生產(chan)基地(di)(di)主要分布(bu)在(zai)四明山、大(da)嵐、梁(liang)弄、鹿亭、陸埠、大(da)隱(yin)、河姆渡、三七市(shi)、丈亭、馬渚、牟山、臨山、蘭江街道、梨(li)洲(zhou)街道、低塘街道、陽明街道、鳳山街道等(deng)十七個鄉鎮(街道)。 茶園(yuan)應(ying)選擇在(zai)氣候(hou)條(tiao)件(jian)良好,生態環境(jing)優越(yue)的地(di)(di)段,坡度25°以下(xia)(xia),土層深80cm以上(shang),土壤pH4.5~6.5,有機質含量大(da)于1.5%,地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)水位(wei)100cm以下(xia)(xia),遠離生活區和工業區,無環境(jing)污染。 產(chan)地(di)(di)環境(jing)條(tiao)件(jian)必須符合NY 5020 無公害食品 茶葉產(chan)地(di)(di)環境(jing)條(tiao)件(jian)的規(gui)定。
?(2)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)選擇與特定要(yao)求:余姚(yao)瀑布仙茗(ming)適用(yong)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)以(yi)茸(rong)毛偏少的(de)無(wu)性系(xi)良(liang)(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)。根據品(pin)(pin)質要(yao)求,選用(yong)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)分為(wei)常規良(liang)(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、白(bai)色系(xi)白(bai)化(hua)茶(cha)(cha)良(liang)(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和黃色系(xi)白(bai)化(hua)茶(cha)(cha)良(liang)(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。常規良(liang)(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有:烏(wu)牛早、中茶(cha)(cha)108、龍井長葉、迎霜等;白(bai)色系(xi)白(bai)化(hua)茶(cha)(cha)良(liang)(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有:安吉白(bai)茶(cha)(cha)、四明雪芽等;黃色系(xi)白(bai)化(hua)茶(cha)(cha)良(liang)(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有:黃金芽等。余姚(yao)瀑布仙茗(ming)茶(cha)(cha)園(yuan)的(de)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)應(ying)符合DB3302/T 075.1《余姚(yao)瀑布仙茗(ming) 品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)與苗木》相關(guan)規定。?
(3)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)過(guo)程管(guan)理(li)(li)(li):余(yu)姚(yao)瀑(pu)(pu)布仙(xian)茗(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)過(guo)程必須(xu)執行DB3302/T075.3《余(yu)姚(yao)瀑(pu)(pu)布仙(xian)茗(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming) 加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)條件與技(ji)術(shu)(shu)》的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規定。為保證(zheng)余(yu)姚(yao)瀑(pu)(pu)布仙(xian)茗(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)特(te)色(se)和(he)(he)(he)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan),重(zhong)點抓好以(yi)(yi)下關(guan)鍵環節:①基地(di)(di)(di)規模化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)建設(she)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)。在(zai)(zai)基地(di)(di)(di)建設(she)過(guo)程中(zhong)充分利用(yong)(yong)(yong)四明山自然、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環境優勢(shi),注重(zhong)高山區塊與低山區塊并重(zhong),集中(zhong)區域與分散區域并進(jin)(jin),根(gen)(gen)據當(dang)地(di)(di)(di)實(shi)際,以(yi)(yi)環保為前提,合(he)理(li)(li)(li)選擇基地(di)(di)(di)。在(zai)(zai)發(fa)展新茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)園(yuan)時注重(zhong)早(zao)、中(zhong)、晚品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)科(ke)學(xue)配(pei)置,在(zai)(zai)常規良種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)基地(di)(di)(di)基礎(chu)上,大力(li)推進(jin)(jin)黃色(se)系(xi)(xi)、白色(se)系(xi)(xi)等(deng)(deng)(deng)珍稀白化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)基地(di)(di)(di)建設(she)。 ②茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)園(yuan)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)控制技(ji)術(shu)(shu)。茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)園(yuan)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)控制技(ji)術(shu)(shu)包(bao)括茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)苗(miao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植、修(xiu)剪、土(tu)(tu)壤耕作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)、水分管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)、茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)園(yuan)施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)、光照(zhao)(zhao)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)、病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)防(fang)治(zhi)、凍害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)預(yu)防(fang)、采(cai)(cai)摘(zhai)等(deng)(deng)(deng)技(ji)術(shu)(shu),其(qi)中(zhong)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)園(yuan)病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)防(fang)治(zhi)和(he)(he)(he)肥(fei)培(pei)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)對茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)影響(xiang)最大,余(yu)姚(yao)瀑(pu)(pu)布仙(xian)茗(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)園(yuan)一(yi)般重(zhong)施(shi)(shi)有(you)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)肥(fei), 早(zao)施(shi)(shi)催芽肥(fei),補施(shi)(shi)接力(li)肥(fei),配(pei)施(shi)(shi)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)面(mian)肥(fei);禁止含有(you)毒(du)、有(you)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)物(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)垃圾和(he)(he)(he)人糞尿作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)為有(you)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)肥(fei),提倡綠(lv)肥(fei)、秸桿、茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)枝等(deng)(deng)(deng)覆蓋茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)園(yuan)土(tu)(tu)壤;農(nong)(nong)家有(you)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)肥(fei)料(liao)施(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)前須(xu)經無害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)處理(li)(li)(li),微(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)肥(fei)料(liao)應符合(he)NY /T 227要(yao)求。此(ci)外(wai)科(ke)學(xue)根(gen)(gen)外(wai)施(shi)(shi)肥(fei),注意鈣、鎂、硫(liu)(liu)、鐵、錳、鋅、銅等(deng)(deng)(deng)多(duo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)微(wei)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)元(yuan)素的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)營養平衡(heng)。每兩年一(yi)次(ci)檢(jian)測(ce)土(tu)(tu)壤肥(fei)力(li)水平和(he)(he)(he)重(zhong)金屬元(yuan)素含量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang),根(gen)(gen)據檢(jian)測(ce)結(jie)果,針對性(xing)地(di)(di)(di)采(cai)(cai)取土(tu)(tu)壤改(gai)良措施(shi)(shi)。 余(yu)姚(yao)瀑(pu)(pu)布仙(xian)茗(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)區生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環境優越,生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)完善,天(tian)敵資(zi)源豐富,一(yi)般不用(yong)(yong)(yong)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)學(xue)防(fang)治(zhi)。茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)園(yuan)病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)防(fang)治(zhi)采(cai)(cai)取“預(yu)防(fang)為主,綜合(he)防(fang)治(zhi)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)針,從(cong)(cong)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)園(yuan)整個(ge)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)出(chu)發(fa),加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)強病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)預(yu)測(ce)預(yu)報,綜合(he)運(yun)用(yong)(yong)(yong)各種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)防(fang)治(zhi)措施(shi)(shi),創造抑制病(bing)(bing)、蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)、草(cao)(cao)等(deng)(deng)(deng)有(you)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)孳生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)和(he)(he)(he)有(you)利于各種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)天(tian)敵繁衍的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)環境條件,保持茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)園(yuan)整個(ge)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)平衡(heng)和(he)(he)(he)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)多(duo)樣(yang)性(xing),將有(you)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)控制在(zai)(zai)允許的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經濟閾值以(yi)(yi)下,將農(nong)(nong)藥殘留降低到規定標準范(fan)圍(wei)。根(gen)(gen)據病(bing)(bing)、蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)、雜(za)草(cao)(cao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)學(xue)規律(lv),因時、因地(di)(di)(di)制宜,合(he)理(li)(li)(li)運(yun)用(yong)(yong)(yong)采(cai)(cai)摘(zhai)、修(xiu)剪、施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)、耕作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)等(deng)(deng)(deng)措施(shi)(shi)控制病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)草(cao)(cao)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)。采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械或人工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)法捕殺(sha)、誘殺(sha)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)毛蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)、茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)蠶、茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)蓑蛾等(deng)(deng)(deng)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)和(he)(he)(he)防(fang)除雜(za)草(cao)(cao)。保護(hu)和(he)(he)(he)利用(yong)(yong)(yong)天(tian)敵,發(fa)揮生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)防(fang)治(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。優先使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)微(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)農(nong)(nong)藥和(he)(he)(he)植物(wu)源農(nong)(nong)藥。嚴(yan)禁使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)滴滴涕、六六六、對硫(liu)(liu)磷(1605)、甲基對硫(liu)(liu)磷、甲胺磷、乙酰甲胺磷、氧化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)樂果、五氯酚鈉、殺(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)脒、克百威、三氯殺(sha)螨醇、水胺硫(liu)(liu)磷、氰(qing)戊菊(ju)酯(zhi)、順式氰(qing)戊菊(ju)酯(zhi)及(ji)其(qi)混劑等(deng)(deng)(deng)高毒(du)、高殘留農(nong)(nong)藥。 ③茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)清潔(jie)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)。通(tong)過(guo)對茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)設(she)備、機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械、廠房環境、衛生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)改(gai)造,實(shi)現茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)按食(shi)品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)要(yao)求,力(li)爭做到茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)不落地(di)(di)(di);茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)廠加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)設(she)備定期進(jin)(jin)行技(ji)術(shu)(shu)改(gai)造和(he)(he)(he)升級,生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械應用(yong)(yong)(yong)向茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)樹修(xiu)剪、名茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)采(cai)(cai)摘(zhai)以(yi)(yi)及(ji)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)園(yuan)除草(cao)(cao)等(deng)(deng)(deng)栽培(pei)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)延(yan)伸,向貯藏、包(bao)裝機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械應用(yong)(yong)(yong)并舉拓展。茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)廠質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)制度健全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan),產(chan)品(pin)(pin)實(shi)施(shi)(shi)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)程監控;加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人員要(yao)持健康合(he)格證(zheng)和(he)(he)(he)上崗培(pei)訓(xun)合(he)格證(zheng)上崗,掌握茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝與操作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)技(ji)術(shu)(shu),了(le)解茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)衛生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)要(yao)求,具備茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)所需的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基本素質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。余(yu)姚(yao)瀑(pu)(pu)布仙(xian)茗(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)單位必須(xu)通(tong)過(guo)QS認證(zheng),加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)制作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)、包(bao)裝、貯藏和(he)(he)(he)運(yun)輸要(yao)嚴(yan)格按照(zhao)(zhao)無公害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)食(shi)品(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)關(guan)要(yao)求,使(shi)(shi)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)程規范(fan),消除衛生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)隱患,實(shi)現清潔(jie)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。 ④茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)可追溯(su)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)。建立茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)園(yuan)農(nong)(nong)事和(he)(he)(he)農(nong)(nong)業投入品(pin)(pin)檔案,從(cong)(cong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)到銷售(shou)(shou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)每一(yi)個(ge)環節進(jin)(jin)行質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)監控,包(bao)括茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)產(chan)地(di)(di)(di)、采(cai)(cai)摘(zhai)時間、加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)時間、茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)樹品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、農(nong)(nong)業投入品(pin)(pin)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)、原始(shi)檢(jian)驗記錄、出(chu)廠檢(jian)驗、銷售(shou)(shou)網絡等(deng)(deng)(deng)內容(rong)。嚴(yan)格按照(zhao)(zhao)無公害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)、綠(lv)色(se)食(shi)品(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求建立質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)可追溯(su)制度。?
(4)產(chan)品收獲及產(chan)后處理規(gui)定。加工制作余(yu)(yu)姚(yao)瀑(pu)布仙茗(ming)必須嚴格按照DB3302/T 075.3《余(yu)(yu)姚(yao)瀑(pu)布仙茗(ming) 加工條(tiao)件與技術》的(de)標準進行加工。以(yi)規(gui)范攤青(qing)、殺青(qing)、揉捻、烘培、攤涼、理條(tiao)、整(zheng)形、曲毫、提(ti)香等各(ge)道工序,做到有章(zhang)可循,從而保證(zheng)和穩定余(yu)(yu)姚(yao)瀑(pu)布仙茗(ming)的(de)質量。生產(chan)全過程,必須建立原料采購、加工、貯存(cun)、運輸(shu)、入(ru)庫(ku)、出庫(ku)和銷(xiao)售的(de)完整(zheng)檔案(an)記錄,要求準確、清楚、完整(zheng),并妥善保管,以(yi)備查閱。
六.包裝標識相關規定
(1)標(biao)(biao)(biao)識:標(biao)(biao)(biao)志使用人(ren)應在其(qi)產品(pin)或其(qi)包裝上統一使用農產品(pin)地理標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(余兆瀑布仙茗名(ming)稱和公共(gong)標(biao)(biao)(biao)識圖案組合標(biao)(biao)(biao)注型式)。?
(2)包裝(zhuang)規(gui)定(ding):包裝(zhuang)必(bi)須(xu)符合(he)SB/T 10037的規(gui)定(ding)。包裝(zhuang)材(cai)料(liao)應(ying)符合(he)食品衛生要(yao)求(qiu),無異味、密(mi)封能保護(hu)茶葉(xie)品質。直(zhi)接(jie)接(jie)觸茶葉(xie)的包裝(zhuang)材(cai)料(liao)應(ying)符合(he)GB 11680規(gui)定(ding)。?
(3)貯(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)藏規定:茶葉(xie)貯(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)存保(bao)(bao)鮮的含(han)水量宜小于6.5%。小批量宜用(yong)石灰缸貯(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)存,大批量宜用(yong)專用(yong)冷(leng)庫(ku)貯(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)存。茶葉(xie)先經簡易包裝(zhuang),采用(yong)清潔、干燥、無(wu)異(yi)味的包裝(zhuang)箱(xiang),內(nei)襯牛皮紙或鋁箔,并套一層塑料袋(dai)。貯(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)存庫(ku)房應:清潔,無(wu)異(yi)味,遠離有毒、有異(yi)味、易污染的物品;干燥,配有除濕裝(zhuang)置;配用(yong)冷(leng)藏設施,保(bao)(bao)持庫(ku)內(nei)溫度(du)在2℃~8℃之(zhi)間;避光(guang),庫(ku)房內(nei)無(wu)直(zhi)射(she)光(guang)。?
(4)運(yun)輸規定:運(yun)輸必(bi)(bi)須(xu)符(fu)合SB/T 10035的規定。運(yun)輸工具必(bi)(bi)須(xu)清潔衛生(sheng),干燥無異(yi)味,嚴禁與有(you)毒、有(you)害、有(you)異(yi)味、易(yi)污染(ran)的物(wu)品混裝混運(yun)。運(yun)輸中必(bi)(bi)須(xu)穩固,應防雨、防潮、防曝曬,裝卸時應輕裝輕卸,防止擠壓、碰撞(zhuang)。