一.產品介紹
余(yu)(yu)姚瀑(pu)(pu)(pu)布(bu)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)茗(ming)產(chan)(chan)自(zi)最(zui)佳綠茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)產(chan)(chan)區-四(si)明(ming)(ming)山(shan)(shan),人(ren)稱(cheng)“第(di)二(er)廬山(shan)(shan)”,地處(chu)浙(zhe)東沿海,海拔在(zai)(zai)500米左右,境內滿山(shan)(shan)遍(bian)坡(po)的茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)樹(shu),猶如(ru)翠龍(long)蜿蜒(yan),與(yu)青山(shan)(shan)秀水(shui)為(wei)伴,以(yi)(yi)清風云霧為(wei)侶,采日(ri)月(yue)之靈氣,得天(tian)(tian)地之精華,使出(chu)產(chan)(chan)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)茗(ming)品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)上(shang)(shang)乘。同(tong)時(shi)(shi)四(si)明(ming)(ming)山(shan)(shan)也是(shi)(shi)道(dao)教圣(sheng)地,被列為(wei)第(di)九洞天(tian)(tian),名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)曰“丹山(shan)(shan)赤水(shui)洞天(tian)(tian)”。那里山(shan)(shan)青、水(shui)秀、谷幽、瀑(pu)(pu)(pu)奇,被譽為(wei)“天(tian)(tian)然氧吧”、人(ren)間“綠肺”。一(yi)年四(si)季氣候優(you)良(liang),“冬如(ru)長白(bai)山(shan)(shan)”、“夏(xia)如(ru)莫干山(shan)(shan)”。四(si)明(ming)(ming)山(shan)(shan)的幽美(mei)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)境,頻(pin)頻(pin)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)事,與(yu)道(dao)教淵源之深(shen),更(geng)吸引了(le)眾多(duo)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)人(ren)學子、道(dao)士(shi)高(gao)僧。他們到四(si)明(ming)(ming)山(shan)(shan)隱居修(xiu)煉與(yu)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)為(wei)伴,修(xiu)身養性以(yi)(yi)致學道(dao)成(cheng)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。至今有漢(han)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)人(ren)丹丘(qiu)子培育“大茗(ming)”,劉(綱)樊(云翹)夫婦修(xiu)道(dao)品(pin)(pin)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)成(cheng)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)等(deng)傳說。歷代(dai)(dai)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)人(ren)還(huan)有梅福、魏伯陽、孫綽(chuo)兄弟,謝安(an)、謝靈運、施肩吾、謝遺(yi)塵及(ji)唐(tang)代(dai)(dai)許多(duo)著名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)詩人(ren),他們都在(zai)(zai)山(shan)(shan)中(zhong)(zhong)留下(xia)足跡(ji)和(he)詩詞。 余(yu)(yu)姚瀑(pu)(pu)(pu)布(bu)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)茗(ming),在(zai)(zai)唐(tang)宋以(yi)(yi)前,就久負盛名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming),據古籍記載(zai)(zai):漢(han)代(dai)(dai)有一(yi)位叫虞洪的余(yu)(yu)姚人(ren)入四(si)明(ming)(ming)山(shan)(shan)采茗(ming)(茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)),途遇仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)人(ren),贈以(yi)(yi)瀑(pu)(pu)(pu)布(bu)嶺上(shang)(shang)的大茗(ming),這(zhe)就是(shi)(shi)現在(zai)(zai)的名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)瀑(pu)(pu)(pu)布(bu)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)茗(ming)前身。同(tong)時(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)唐(tang)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)圣(sheng)陸羽《茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)經》中(zhong)(zhong)記載(zai)(zai):浙(zhe)東茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉(xie)以(yi)(yi)越州為(wei)上(shang)(shang),余(yu)(yu)姚瀑(pu)(pu)(pu)布(bu)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)茗(ming)尤佳。 在(zai)(zai)改革(ge)開放(fang)春風吹拂下(xia),余(yu)(yu)姚瀑(pu)(pu)(pu)布(bu)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)茗(ming)這(zhe)一(yi)歷史知(zhi)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)古茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)在(zai)(zai)上(shang)(shang)世紀70年代(dai)(dai)末(mo)恢復創(chuang)制(zhi),在(zai)(zai)多(duo)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)屆人(ren)士(shi)的努(nu)力下(xia),通過數年探索,在(zai)(zai)上(shang)(shang)世紀90年代(dai)(dai),解決了(le)全程機械制(zhi)作難(nan)題,同(tong)時(shi)(shi)70年代(dai)(dai)末(mo)從考察中(zhong)(zhong)得到啟發,把名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)優(you)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)定為(wei)針狀形,使做出(chu)來的茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉(xie)外形細緊挺直,稍扁(bian)似松針,香高(gao)味醇,耐沖泡(pao)耐儲存,品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)獨特。 優(you)良(liang)的品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)以(yi)(yi)及(ji)豐富(fu)的內涵使余(yu)(yu)姚瀑(pu)(pu)(pu)布(bu)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)茗(ming)聲名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)鵲(que)起,在(zai)(zai)全國許多(duo)地方(fang)以(yi)(yi)及(ji)南亞、日(ri)本、新(xin)加(jia)坡(po)等(deng)地暢銷,同(tong)時(shi)(shi)也先(xian)后獲得寧波(bo)市(shi)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)牌產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)、寧波(bo)市(shi)八大名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)、浙(zhe)江省(sheng)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)牌產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)和(he)浙(zhe)江省(sheng)著名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)商標、中(zhong)(zhong)國馳(chi)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)商標、浙(zhe)江省(sheng)優(you)質(zhi)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)、中(zhong)(zhong)華文(wen)化名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)和(he)中(zhong)(zhong)國鼎尖名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)等(deng)稱(cheng)號,并多(duo)次(ci)獲得浙(zhe)江省(sheng)綠茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)博覽會金獎、中(zhong)(zhong)綠杯和(he)省(sheng)農博會金獎等(deng)多(duo)項榮譽,是(shi)(shi)全省(sheng)重要名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)區域品(pin)(pin)牌和(he)寧波(bo)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)業產(chan)(chan)出(chu)規(gui)模最(zui)大的區域性品(pin)(pin)牌。
二.自然生態環境和(he)人(ren)文(wen)歷(li)史因素
(1)土(tu)(tu)壤地貌情(qing)況:余姚(yao)(yao)屬(shu)浙(zhe)東盆地與(yu)浙(zhe)北(bei)平原交(jiao)叉地區(qu),地勢南高北(bei)低,中間微陷。南部為四明山(shan)區(qu)——浙(zhe)東革命(ming)老區(qu),山(shan)巒起伏,散布大小不等的臺地和谷(gu)地,中部為姚(yao)(yao)江沖積(ji)河(he)谷(gu)平原,北(bei)部為錢(qian)塘江、杭州灣(wan)沖積(ji)平原。土(tu)(tu)壤以紅壤、黃壤為主(zhu), PH值(zhi)5.7左右,土(tu)(tu)層較(jiao)為深厚,土(tu)(tu)壤肥沃,有(you)機(ji)質含(han)量豐富(fu),達2.5%~4.5%。余姚(yao)(yao)環境(jing)(jing)優越,交(jiao)通便(bian)利(li),茶(cha)(cha)樹(shu)生長條件適宜,茶(cha)(cha)樹(shu)種植區(qu)無環境(jing)(jing)污(wu)染,是生產(chan)無公害、綠(lv)色食品與(yu)有(you)機(ji)茶(cha)(cha)的理想境(jing)(jing)地。?
(2)水(shui)(shui)文情況:余(yu)姚(yao)市(shi)分屬四個(ge)水(shui)(shui)系(xi):姚(yao)江(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)系(xi)、奉(feng)化江(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)系(xi)、曹娥(e)江(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)系(xi)和(he)錢塘江(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)系(xi)。其(qi)中姚(yao)江(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)系(xi)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積最(zui)(zui)大,為918.48k㎡,占(zhan)(zhan)全市(shi)總(zong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積近68.2%。多年(nian)(nian)平均年(nian)(nian)地(di)(di)表徑(jing)流量(liang)為11億立方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi);地(di)(di)下水(shui)(shui)資(zi)源為1124萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)立方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(未計灌溉回歸水(shui)(shui)補給量(liang)),但地(di)(di)下水(shui)(shui)可開(kai)采(cai)量(liang)較少(shao)。全市(shi)有河道1700多公里,河面(mian)(mian)(mian)約(yue)4.9萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)畝,正常高(gao)水(shui)(shui)位時(shi)蓄(xu)水(shui)(shui)量(liang)8000萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)立方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)左右,現(xian)狀水(shui)(shui)面(mian)(mian)(mian)率約(yue)為5.2%。人均水(shui)(shui)資(zi)源占(zhan)(zhan)有量(liang)偏少(shao),只有1330立方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)。最(zui)(zui)大的(de)河流為姚(yao)江(jiang)(jiang),余(yu)姚(yao)市(shi)境(jing)內(nei)長(chang)度55公里,平原(yuan)地(di)(di)帶河網(wang)密布。最(zui)(zui)大的(de)湖(hu)泊為牟山湖(hu),蓄(xu)水(shui)(shui)量(liang)400萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)立方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)。最(zui)(zui)大水(shui)(shui)庫為四明湖(hu),總(zong)庫容(rong)為12354萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)立方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi);興利(li)庫容(rong)7439萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)立方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)。產區水(shui)(shui)能、水(shui)(shui)力(li)資(zi)源十(shi)分豐富(fu)。?
(3)氣候(hou)(hou)情況:余(yu)姚屬于北亞(ya)熱帶季(ji)風氣候(hou)(hou),冬夏季(ji)風交替特別明(ming)顯,溫暖濕潤,四季(ji)分(fen)明(ming),陽光(guang)充(chong)足,雨(yu)(yu)量充(chong)沛(pei),垂直差異和層(ceng)狀分(fen)布(bu)明(ming)顯。其中,平均降雨(yu)(yu)量在1263—1987毫米,6月(yue)(yue)份(fen)和九月(yue)(yue)份(fen)是兩個主(zhu)要雨(yu)(yu)季(ji);年(nian)日照時數1502—2081小時,全年(nian)無霜期198-228天,平均氣溫為11.6—16.4℃,≥10℃積溫3493-5166℃,年(nian)輻(fu)射總(zong)量106-112千卡/平方厘米左(zuo)右,主(zhu)導風向為東南(nan)風和西北風。
三.地域范圍
余(yu)姚市(shi)位于(yu)浙東寧(ning)波(bo)平(ping)原,東與寧(ning)波(bo)市(shi)江(jiang)(jiang)北區、鄞州(zhou)區相鄰,南枕四(si)明(ming)山,與奉化、嵊州(zhou)市(shi)接壤,西(xi)連上虞市(shi),北毗慈溪市(shi),西(xi)北于(yu)錢(qian)塘(tang)江(jiang)(jiang)、杭州(zhou)灣中心線與海鹽縣(xian)交界(jie),全(quan)市(shi)總(zong)面(mian)積1526.86平(ping)方公(gong)里,有21個(ge)鄉(xiang)鎮街(jie)道(dao)(dao)(dao),268個(ge)行政(zheng)村(cun)。 余(yu)姚瀑布(bu)仙茗產(chan)自于(yu)四(si)明(ming)山、大(da)嵐、梁弄、鹿亭(ting)、陸(lu)埠、大(da)隱、河姆渡、三七市(shi)、丈亭(ting)、馬(ma)渚(zhu)、牟山、臨山、蘭江(jiang)(jiang)街(jie)道(dao)(dao)(dao)、梨洲(zhou)街(jie)道(dao)(dao)(dao)、低(di)塘(tang)街(jie)道(dao)(dao)(dao)、陽(yang)明(ming)街(jie)道(dao)(dao)(dao)、鳳(feng)山街(jie)道(dao)(dao)(dao)等十七個(ge)鄉(xiang)鎮(街(jie)道(dao)(dao)(dao))。地(di)理(li)坐標(biao)為(wei)東經120°52′00″~121°54′00″,北緯29°40′00″~30°23′00″,全(quan)市(shi)茶園面(mian)積6.1萬畝,產(chan)量為(wei)655噸,產(chan)值(zhi)1.2億元。
四.產品品質特(te)性特(te)征
(1)外(wai)(wai)在(zai)感(gan)官特(te)征(zheng):余姚瀑布(bu)(bu)仙(xian)茗(ming)(ming)以品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)、加(jia)工工藝為基礎(chu),推出(chu)“三色(se)四字(zi)”系列(lie)(lie)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin),其中(zhong)黃之(zhi)綠(lv)茶(cha)(cha)對應(ying)“金韻”系列(lie)(lie),設2個(ge)級(ji)別(bie)(bie)分別(bie)(bie)為24k、18k,金韻系列(lie)(lie)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)外(wai)(wai)形(xing)(xing)卷(juan)曲如螺、勻凈、金色(se)悅目(mu),香(xiang)(xiang)高(gao)(gao)郁持(chi)久,滋(zi)(zi)(zi)味醇(chun)鮮(xian)回甘,湯(tang)色(se)黃亮(liang)(liang),葉底(di)(di)(di)玉黃、細嫩(nen)成朵(duo)(duo)明(ming)亮(liang)(liang);白(bai)(bai)之(zhi)綠(lv)茶(cha)(cha)對應(ying)“雪(xue)(xue)韻”系列(lie)(lie),設3個(ge)主級(ji)別(bie)(bie)(雪(xue)(xue)韻700、雪(xue)(xue)韻500、雪(xue)(xue)韻300)和1個(ge)副級(ji)別(bie)(bie)(普級(ji)),主級(ji)別(bie)(bie)的鮮(xian)葉嫩(nen)度基本一致(zhi),根據白(bai)(bai)化茶(cha)(cha)白(bai)(bai)化程(cheng)度不同,內質不一的特(te)性加(jia)以區別(bie)(bie),雪(xue)(xue)韻系列(lie)(lie)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)外(wai)(wai)形(xing)(xing)卷(juan)曲如鉤、勻凈、綠(lv)翠鑲(xiang)金,香(xiang)(xiang)高(gao)(gao)鮮(xian)持(chi)久,湯(tang)色(se)翠綠(lv)明(ming)亮(liang)(liang),滋(zi)(zi)(zi)味鮮(xian)醇(chun),葉底(di)(di)(di)顯(xian)白(bai)(bai)、嫩(nen)勻明(ming)亮(liang)(liang);綠(lv)之(zhi)綠(lv)茶(cha)(cha)對應(ying)“針形(xing)(xing)”、“龍珠”等2個(ge)系列(lie)(lie),“針形(xing)(xing)”系列(lie)(lie)設5個(ge)級(ji)別(bie)(bie),產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)外(wai)(wai)形(xing)(xing)條緊略扁、勻凈、色(se)澤綠(lv)翠,香(xiang)(xiang)氣嫩(nen)香(xiang)(xiang)持(chi)久,滋(zi)(zi)(zi)味鮮(xian)醇(chun)爽口(kou),湯(tang)色(se)嫩(nen)綠(lv)清澈(che)明(ming)亮(liang)(liang),葉底(di)(di)(di)芽(ya)葉成朵(duo)(duo)、勻齊;龍珠系列(lie)(lie)設2個(ge)級(ji)別(bie)(bie),即一級(ji)、二級(ji),產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)外(wai)(wai)形(xing)(xing)蟠(pan)曲、緊結(jie)、勻凈,色(se)澤砂(sha)綠(lv)油(you)潤,香(xiang)(xiang)高(gao)(gao)持(chi)久,滋(zi)(zi)(zi)味鮮(xian)醇(chun)爽口(kou),湯(tang)色(se)綠(lv)亮(liang)(liang),葉底(di)(di)(di)芽(ya)葉成朵(duo)(duo)、勻整明(ming)亮(liang)(liang)。余姚瀑布(bu)(bu)仙(xian)茗(ming)(ming)豐富的產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)構(gou)成,囊括(kuo)高(gao)(gao)端品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)位特(te)色(se)珍稀產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)和適合大眾(zhong)消費的低值產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin),構(gou)成高(gao)(gao)、中(zhong)、低三個(ge)層次(ci)的產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)結(jie)構(gou),從而達到滿足不同層次(ci)消費者的需要。?
(2)內在品質指(zhi)標:水分(fen)含(han)量≤6.5%,總灰(hui)分(fen)≤6.0%,碎末含(han)量≤5.5%,粗纖維含(han)量≤14.0%,水浸出物含(han)量≥36.0%?
(3)質(zhi)量安全要求:衛生指標執行GB 2762和GB 2763《新茶葉衛生標準》。
五.特定生產方式
(1)產(chan)地(di)(di)(di)選(xuan)擇和(he)(he)特定(ding)(ding)內容(rong)規(gui)定(ding)(ding):余姚瀑布仙茗生(sheng)產(chan)基地(di)(di)(di)主要(yao)分布在(zai)四明山、大嵐(lan)、梁弄(nong)、鹿亭、陸埠、大隱、河姆渡(du)、三七(qi)市、丈(zhang)亭、馬(ma)渚、牟山、臨山、蘭(lan)江街(jie)(jie)(jie)道(dao)(dao)(dao)、梨洲街(jie)(jie)(jie)道(dao)(dao)(dao)、低(di)塘街(jie)(jie)(jie)道(dao)(dao)(dao)、陽(yang)明街(jie)(jie)(jie)道(dao)(dao)(dao)、鳳(feng)山街(jie)(jie)(jie)道(dao)(dao)(dao)等十(shi)七(qi)個鄉(xiang)鎮(街(jie)(jie)(jie)道(dao)(dao)(dao))。 茶園(yuan)應選(xuan)擇在(zai)氣候條(tiao)件良好,生(sheng)態(tai)環境優越的(de)地(di)(di)(di)段,坡度25°以下(xia),土(tu)(tu)層深80cm以上,土(tu)(tu)壤pH4.5~6.5,有機質含量(liang)大于1.5%,地(di)(di)(di)下(xia)水位100cm以下(xia),遠離生(sheng)活區(qu)和(he)(he)工(gong)業區(qu),無環境污染。 產(chan)地(di)(di)(di)環境條(tiao)件必(bi)須符合(he)NY 5020 無公害食品 茶葉產(chan)地(di)(di)(di)環境條(tiao)件的(de)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)。
?(2)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)選擇與(yu)特定要(yao)(yao)求:余姚瀑(pu)(pu)布仙(xian)(xian)茗適用品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)以茸毛偏少的無性(xing)系(xi)(xi)良(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)。根(gen)據(ju)品(pin)質要(yao)(yao)求,選用品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)分為(wei)(wei)常(chang)規(gui)(gui)(gui)良(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)、白(bai)色(se)系(xi)(xi)白(bai)化茶(cha)(cha)良(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)和(he)黃色(se)系(xi)(xi)白(bai)化茶(cha)(cha)良(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)。常(chang)規(gui)(gui)(gui)良(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)有:烏(wu)牛(niu)早、中茶(cha)(cha)108、龍井長(chang)葉、迎霜等;白(bai)色(se)系(xi)(xi)白(bai)化茶(cha)(cha)良(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)有:安(an)吉(ji)白(bai)茶(cha)(cha)、四明雪芽(ya)等;黃色(se)系(xi)(xi)白(bai)化茶(cha)(cha)良(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)有:黃金(jin)芽(ya)等。余姚瀑(pu)(pu)布仙(xian)(xian)茗茶(cha)(cha)園的品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)應符合DB3302/T 075.1《余姚瀑(pu)(pu)布仙(xian)(xian)茗 品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)與(yu)苗木》相(xiang)關(guan)規(gui)(gui)(gui)定。?
(3)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li):余(yu)姚(yao)瀑(pu)布(bu)(bu)仙(xian)茗(ming)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)必須執行(xing)DB3302/T075.3《余(yu)姚(yao)瀑(pu)布(bu)(bu)仙(xian)茗(ming) 加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)條件與(yu)技術(shu)(shu)》的(de)(de)規定。為保(bao)證(zheng)(zheng)余(yu)姚(yao)瀑(pu)布(bu)(bu)仙(xian)茗(ming)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)特(te)色(se)和(he)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉(xie)質(zhi)(zhi)量安全(quan),重(zhong)點抓好以下(xia)關(guan)鍵環(huan)節(jie):①基(ji)(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)規模化(hua)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)技術(shu)(shu)。在(zai)基(ji)(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中充分(fen)利用(yong)(yong)(yong)四明(ming)山(shan)自(zi)然、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態環(huan)境優勢,注重(zhong)高山(shan)區塊與(yu)低(di)山(shan)區塊并重(zhong),集中區域與(yu)分(fen)散區域并進,根據當地(di)(di)實際(ji),以環(huan)保(bao)為前提(ti),合(he)(he)理(li)(li)選擇基(ji)(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)。在(zai)發(fa)展新茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)園(yuan)時(shi)注重(zhong)早、中、晚品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)科(ke)學(xue)配置,在(zai)常(chang)規良種(zhong)(zhong)基(ji)(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎上(shang)(shang),大(da)力(li)推進黃色(se)系(xi)(xi)、白(bai)色(se)系(xi)(xi)等(deng)珍稀白(bai)化(hua)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)基(ji)(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)。 ②茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)園(yuan)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)控制技術(shu)(shu)。茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)園(yuan)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)控制技術(shu)(shu)包(bao)括(kuo)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)苗(miao)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)、修剪、土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤耕(geng)作(zuo)(zuo)、水(shui)(shui)分(fen)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)、茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)園(yuan)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)、光照管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)、病蟲(chong)(chong)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)、凍害(hai)(hai)(hai)預防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)、采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)摘(zhai)(zhai)等(deng)技術(shu)(shu),其中茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)園(yuan)病蟲(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)和(he)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)培管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)技術(shu)(shu)對(dui)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉(xie)質(zhi)(zhi)量安全(quan)影響最大(da),余(yu)姚(yao)瀑(pu)布(bu)(bu)仙(xian)茗(ming)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)園(yuan)一(yi)(yi)(yi)般重(zhong)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)機(ji)(ji)(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei), 早施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)催(cui)芽肥(fei)(fei)(fei),補施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)接力(li)肥(fei)(fei)(fei),配施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)葉(xie)面肥(fei)(fei)(fei);禁(jin)止含有(you)毒(du)、有(you)害(hai)(hai)(hai)物(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)垃圾和(he)人糞尿(niao)作(zuo)(zuo)為有(you)機(ji)(ji)(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei),提(ti)倡綠肥(fei)(fei)(fei)、秸桿、茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)枝(zhi)等(deng)覆蓋(gai)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)園(yuan)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤;農(nong)(nong)(nong)家(jia)有(you)機(ji)(ji)(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)料(liao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)前須經無(wu)害(hai)(hai)(hai)化(hua)處理(li)(li),微生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)料(liao)應符合(he)(he)NY /T 227要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)。此外科(ke)學(xue)根外施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei),注意鈣、鎂(mei)、硫(liu)、鐵、錳、鋅、銅等(deng)多種(zhong)(zhong)微量元素(su)的(de)(de)營養平衡。每兩年一(yi)(yi)(yi)次檢(jian)測(ce)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤肥(fei)(fei)(fei)力(li)水(shui)(shui)平和(he)重(zhong)金屬元素(su)含量,根據檢(jian)測(ce)結(jie)果(guo),針(zhen)對(dui)性(xing)地(di)(di)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)取土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤改良措施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。 余(yu)姚(yao)瀑(pu)布(bu)(bu)仙(xian)茗(ming)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)區生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態環(huan)境優越,生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態系(xi)(xi)統(tong)完善,天敵(di)資源(yuan)豐富,一(yi)(yi)(yi)般不用(yong)(yong)(yong)化(hua)學(xue)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)。茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)園(yuan)病蟲(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)取“預防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)為主,綜(zong)合(he)(he)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)”的(de)(de)方(fang)針(zhen),從(cong)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)園(yuan)整個生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態系(xi)(xi)統(tong)出發(fa),加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)強病蟲(chong)(chong)預測(ce)預報,綜(zong)合(he)(he)運(yun)(yun)用(yong)(yong)(yong)各種(zhong)(zhong)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)措施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),創(chuang)造抑制病、蟲(chong)(chong)、草(cao)等(deng)有(you)害(hai)(hai)(hai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)孳生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)和(he)有(you)利于各種(zhong)(zhong)天敵(di)繁衍的(de)(de)環(huan)境條件,保(bao)持(chi)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)園(yuan)整個生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態系(xi)(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)平衡和(he)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)多樣性(xing),將有(you)害(hai)(hai)(hai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)控制在(zai)允許的(de)(de)經濟閾值以下(xia),將農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥殘留降低(di)到規定標準范(fan)圍。根據病、蟲(chong)(chong)、雜(za)草(cao)的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)學(xue)規律(lv),因(yin)時(shi)、因(yin)地(di)(di)制宜,合(he)(he)理(li)(li)運(yun)(yun)用(yong)(yong)(yong)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)摘(zhai)(zhai)、修剪、施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)、耕(geng)作(zuo)(zuo)等(deng)措施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)控制病蟲(chong)(chong)草(cao)害(hai)(hai)(hai)。采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)械或人工(gong)的(de)(de)方(fang)法捕殺、誘(you)殺茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)毛蟲(chong)(chong)、茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)蠶、茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)蓑蛾等(deng)害(hai)(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)和(he)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)除雜(za)草(cao)。保(bao)護和(he)利用(yong)(yong)(yong)天敵(di),發(fa)揮生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。優先(xian)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)微生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥和(he)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)源(yuan)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥。嚴(yan)(yan)禁(jin)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)滴滴涕、六(liu)(liu)六(liu)(liu)六(liu)(liu)、對(dui)硫(liu)磷(1605)、甲(jia)基(ji)(ji)(ji)對(dui)硫(liu)磷、甲(jia)胺磷、乙酰(xian)甲(jia)胺磷、氧化(hua)樂果(guo)、五氯酚鈉、殺蟲(chong)(chong)脒(mi)、克百威、三氯殺螨醇、水(shui)(shui)胺硫(liu)磷、氰戊菊酯、順式(shi)氰戊菊酯及(ji)其混劑等(deng)高毒(du)、高殘留農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥。 ③茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉(xie)清潔(jie)化(hua)、機(ji)(ji)(ji)械化(hua)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)技術(shu)(shu)。通過(guo)對(dui)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉(xie)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)設(she)(she)備、機(ji)(ji)(ji)械、廠(chang)房環(huan)境、衛生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)質(zhi)(zhi)量的(de)(de)改造,實現茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉(xie)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)按食品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)量安全(quan)要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu),力(li)爭做到茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉(xie)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)不落地(di)(di);茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)廠(chang)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)設(she)(she)備定期(qi)進行(xing)技術(shu)(shu)改造和(he)升(sheng)級,生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)械應用(yong)(yong)(yong)向(xiang)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)樹修剪、名(ming)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)摘(zhai)(zhai)以及(ji)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)園(yuan)除草(cao)等(deng)栽培管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)延伸,向(xiang)貯藏、包(bao)裝(zhuang)機(ji)(ji)(ji)械應用(yong)(yong)(yong)并舉拓展。茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)廠(chang)質(zhi)(zhi)量管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)制度(du)健全(quan),產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)實施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)全(quan)程(cheng)(cheng)監(jian)(jian)控;加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)人員要(yao)持(chi)健康合(he)(he)格證(zheng)(zheng)和(he)上(shang)(shang)崗(gang)培訓合(he)(he)格證(zheng)(zheng)上(shang)(shang)崗(gang),掌握茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉(xie)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)工(gong)藝(yi)與(yu)操作(zuo)(zuo)技術(shu)(shu),了解茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉(xie)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)衛生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)質(zhi)(zhi)量要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu),具備茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉(xie)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)所需(xu)的(de)(de)基(ji)(ji)(ji)本(ben)素(su)質(zhi)(zhi)。余(yu)姚(yao)瀑(pu)布(bu)(bu)仙(xian)茗(ming)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)單位必須通過(guo)QS認證(zheng)(zheng),加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)制作(zuo)(zuo)、包(bao)裝(zhuang)、貯藏和(he)運(yun)(yun)輸(shu)要(yao)嚴(yan)(yan)格按照無(wu)公(gong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)食品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)有(you)關(guan)要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu),使(shi)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉(xie)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)規范(fan),消除衛生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)安全(quan)隱患,實現清潔(jie)化(hua)、機(ji)(ji)(ji)械化(hua)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)。 ④茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉(xie)質(zhi)(zhi)量可追溯技術(shu)(shu)。建(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)園(yuan)農(nong)(nong)(nong)事(shi)和(he)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業投(tou)入品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)檔案,從(cong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)到銷售的(de)(de)每一(yi)(yi)(yi)個環(huan)節(jie)進行(xing)質(zhi)(zhi)量監(jian)(jian)控,包(bao)括(kuo)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉(xie)產(chan)地(di)(di)、采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)摘(zhai)(zhai)時(shi)間(jian)、加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)時(shi)間(jian)、茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)樹品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)、農(nong)(nong)(nong)業投(tou)入品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)、原(yuan)始(shi)檢(jian)驗記錄、出廠(chang)檢(jian)驗、銷售網絡(luo)等(deng)內容。嚴(yan)(yan)格按照無(wu)公(gong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)、綠色(se)食品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)質(zhi)(zhi)量可追溯制度(du)。?
(4)產(chan)品收(shou)獲及產(chan)后處理規(gui)定。加工(gong)(gong)制作余(yu)姚瀑(pu)(pu)布仙茗必須(xu)嚴格按(an)照(zhao)DB3302/T 075.3《余(yu)姚瀑(pu)(pu)布仙茗 加工(gong)(gong)條件與技(ji)術》的標準進行加工(gong)(gong)。以規(gui)范攤青、殺青、揉捻、烘培、攤涼、理條、整形、曲毫、提香等各道工(gong)(gong)序,做到(dao)有章可循,從而保(bao)證和(he)穩定余(yu)姚瀑(pu)(pu)布仙茗的質量。生產(chan)全(quan)過程,必須(xu)建立原料采購、加工(gong)(gong)、貯存、運輸、入(ru)庫、出(chu)庫和(he)銷售的完整檔案記錄,要求準確、清楚(chu)、完整,并(bing)妥善保(bao)管,以備查閱。
六.包裝標識相關規定(ding)
(1)標(biao)(biao)(biao)識(shi):標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)使用人(ren)應在其產品或其包裝上統(tong)一使用農產品地理(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(余兆瀑布仙茗名稱和公(gong)共(gong)標(biao)(biao)(biao)識(shi)圖案組合標(biao)(biao)(biao)注(zhu)型式)。?
(2)包(bao)裝(zhuang)規定(ding):包(bao)裝(zhuang)必須符合(he)(he)SB/T 10037的規定(ding)。包(bao)裝(zhuang)材料應符合(he)(he)食品衛生要求,無異味、密封能保護茶(cha)葉品質。直接接觸茶(cha)葉的包(bao)裝(zhuang)材料應符合(he)(he)GB 11680規定(ding)。?
(3)貯藏規(gui)定:茶葉(xie)(xie)貯存(cun)保(bao)鮮(xian)的(de)含水量(liang)宜小于6.5%。小批量(liang)宜用(yong)石灰缸貯存(cun),大批量(liang)宜用(yong)專用(yong)冷庫(ku)貯存(cun)。茶葉(xie)(xie)先經簡易包(bao)裝(zhuang),采用(yong)清潔、干燥、無(wu)異味(wei)的(de)包(bao)裝(zhuang)箱(xiang),內襯牛皮紙或(huo)鋁箔,并套一層塑料袋。貯存(cun)庫(ku)房應:清潔,無(wu)異味(wei),遠離有(you)毒、有(you)異味(wei)、易污染的(de)物品(pin);干燥,配(pei)有(you)除濕(shi)裝(zhuang)置;配(pei)用(yong)冷藏設施,保(bao)持庫(ku)內溫(wen)度在2℃~8℃之(zhi)間(jian);避光,庫(ku)房內無(wu)直射光。?
(4)運(yun)(yun)輸規定:運(yun)(yun)輸必須符合SB/T 10035的規定。運(yun)(yun)輸工(gong)具必須清(qing)潔衛生,干燥無異味,嚴(yan)禁(jin)與(yu)有(you)毒(du)、有(you)害、有(you)異味、易污染的物品混(hun)裝(zhuang)混(hun)運(yun)(yun)。運(yun)(yun)輸中必須穩固(gu),應(ying)(ying)防(fang)(fang)(fang)雨、防(fang)(fang)(fang)潮、防(fang)(fang)(fang)曝曬(shai),裝(zhuang)卸時應(ying)(ying)輕裝(zhuang)輕卸,防(fang)(fang)(fang)止擠壓、碰撞。