一.產品介紹
江(jiang)安大(da)白李又稱江(jiang)安李,品(pin)(pin)種適(shi)應性(xing)廣,抗(kang)逆(ni)性(xing)強(qiang),結(jie)果(guo)期早(zao),豐產(chan)穩(wen)產(chan),品(pin)(pin)質上(shang)乘(cheng),曾(ceng)榮獲(huo)“四川省(sheng)優(you)質水果(guo)”殊榮,被全國(guo)農業高等院(yuan)校教材定為國(guo)家地方良種。果(guo)實6月底成(cheng)熟,平均單果(guo)重25—35克,果(guo)肉清香脆嫩,汁多、味甜、離核(he),部分(fen)果(guo)實核(he)腔內(nei)有(you)黃白色膠狀分(fen)泌物,果(guo)農稱之(zhi)為李子(zi)結(jie)“冰(bing)糖”。先(xian)后注(zhu)冊“趕場山”李子(zi)商標,通過無公害農產(chan)品(pin)(pin)認證和綠(lv)色食品(pin)(pin)認證檢測合格。現有(you)種植面積5000余(yu)畝、產(chan)量1500余(yu)噸。
二.自然生態環境和(he)人文歷史因(yin)素
江安(an)縣屬低山(shan)丘陵(ling)區(qu),海拔在236-908米(mi)之(zhi)間,縣內除長 江外,有大(da)小河溪145條(tiao),水資源(yuan)豐富(fu)。產區(qu)氣候屬中亞熱帶四(si)川(chuan)盆(pen)地(di)濕潤(run)氣候區(qu),四(si)季(ji)分明,常年(nian)平(ping)均氣溫(wen)為(wei)18.1℃,年(nian)平(ping)均降水量為(wei)1132毫米(mi),年(nian)平(ping)均日照時數1199.3小時,全(quan)年(nian)無霜期347天。土(tu)壤質(zhi)地(di)以砂壤土(tu)為(wei)主,PH值在5.8-7.0之(zhi)間,中性偏酸,適宜(yi)江安(an)大(da)白李(li)生長。
三.地域范圍
江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)安大白李產(chan)于(yu)四川(chuan)省江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)安縣,位于(yu)長江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)上游,四川(chuan)南(nan)緣,農(nong)產(chan)品(pin)地理標志地域保護(hu)范(fan)圍包括江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)安縣所轄的江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)安鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、怡樂(le)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、留耕鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、夕佳山鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、底蓬鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、大井鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、紅橋鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、五礦鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、陽(yang)春鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(原濫壩(ba)鄉)、桐梓鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、水(shui)清鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、鐵清鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、迎安鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、四面(mian)山鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen),井口鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、大妙鄉、仁和鄉和蟠龍鄉等15鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)3鄉、297個行政(zheng)村。地理坐標為東(dong)經104°57′40″-105°14′33,北(bei)緯(wei)28°22′20″-28°56′45″之(zhi)間,東(dong)到(dao)瀘(lu)州市江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)陽(yang)區、納溪區,南(nan)到(dao)興(xing)文縣,西到(dao)南(nan)溪縣、長寧縣,北(bei)到(dao)自貢市富(fu)順(shun)縣。保護(hu)面(mian)積10萬(wan)畝,年產(chan)量11萬(wan)噸(dun)。
四.產(chan)品品質特性(xing)特征
(1)外(wai)在感官品質(zhi):果(guo)實中大,圓形、整齊,縫合線較(jiao)(jiao)明顯,兩半較(jiao)(jiao)對稱,果(guo)頂平或凹。果(guo)面(mian)綠黃(huang)色(se),果(guo)粉厚。果(guo)肉(rou)綠黃(huang)色(se),肉(rou)質(zhi)細(xi)膩,清香脆嫩,纖(xian)維少(shao),汁(zhi)較(jiao)(jiao)多(duo),味(wei)甜。核小,離(li)核,品質(zhi)佳。
(2)內在品(pin)質指標:江安(an)大白李可食率≥92%,可溶性固形物≥11%。
(3)安全要求(qiu):符(fu)合《無公(gong)害食品(pin)(pin) 落(luo)葉核果類(lei)果品(pin)(pin)》NY5112-2005標準要求(qiu)。
五.特定生產方式
中耕果(guo)(guo)園生(sheng)長(chang)季(ji)節(jie)降(jiang)雨或灌(guan)(guan)水(shui)后(hou),及(ji)時(shi)中耕松(song)土,中耕深度(du)5cm-10cm。施肥(fei)(fei)(fei)施肥(fei)(fei)(fei)時(shi)期(qi)(qi)(qi):在(zai)(zai)(zai)落葉前(qian)后(hou)或李子萌芽前(qian)15天(tian)(tian)施積肥(fei)(fei)(fei),秋(qiu)施比春(chun)施好。追(zhui)(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)一(yi)年2-3次(ci)(ci)(ci),第一(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)在(zai)(zai)(zai)開花前(qian),第二次(ci)(ci)(ci)在(zai)(zai)(zai)硬(ying)核期(qi)(qi)(qi),第三次(ci)(ci)(ci)在(zai)(zai)(zai)采(cai)收(shou)后(hou)。施有(you)機(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei):秋(qiu)季(ji)果(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)采(cai)收(shou)后(hou)施入(ru),以農(nong)家(jia)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu),混(hun)合少量化(hua)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)。施肥(fei)(fei)(fei)量按1kg果(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)施2kg優質農(nong)家(jia)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)計(ji)算。施用方法(fa)以溝施為(wei)(wei)主(zhu),施肥(fei)(fei)(fei)部位在(zai)(zai)(zai)樹(shu)冠投影范(fan)圍內(nei)(nei)。施肥(fei)(fei)(fei)方法(fa)為(wei)(wei)挖(wa)放(fang)射狀溝、環狀溝或平行狀溝,溝深30-40cm。追(zhui)(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei):在(zai)(zai)(zai)幼齡(ling)樹(shu)和(he)(he)(he)結(jie)果(guo)(guo)樹(shu)果(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)發(fa)育前(qian)期(qi)(qi)(qi),每畝追(zhui)(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)氮磷肥(fei)(fei)(fei)25kg;果(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)發(fa)育后(hou)期(qi)(qi)(qi)追(zhui)(zhui)施磷鉀肥(fei)(fei)(fei)20kg。距(ju)果(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)采(cai)收(shou)期(qi)(qi)(qi)20天(tian)(tian)內(nei)(nei)停(ting)止(zhi)葉面(mian)(mian)追(zhui)(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)。水(shui)分管理灌(guan)(guan)水(shui):早(zao)春(chun)萌芽前(qian)灌(guan)(guan)一(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)水(shui),果(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)膨大期(qi)(qi)(qi)灌(guan)(guan)一(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)水(shui),秋(qiu)末在(zai)(zai)(zai)上(shang)凍前(qian)灌(guan)(guan)一(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)封凍水(shui),有(you)條件的果(guo)(guo)園最(zui)好安(an)裝滴(di)灌(guan)(guan)系(xi)統(tong)。排(pai)水(shui):李樹(shu)喜濕但(dan)怕(pa)澇,應(ying)設置排(pai)水(shui)系(xi)統(tong),地面(mian)(mian)積水(shui)不(bu)利(li)李樹(shu)正常生(sheng)長(chang),在(zai)(zai)(zai)多雨季(ji)節(jie)通(tong)過溝渠及(ji)時(shi)排(pai)水(shui)。整(zheng)形修剪(jian)(jian) 樹(shu)高2.5m左右(you),冠幅1.5m×2.0m,無(wu)主(zhu)側枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),在(zai)(zai)(zai)中心干上(shang)著生(sheng)8-12個枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組,下部枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組較長(chang),上(shang)部枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組較短。修剪(jian)(jian)幼樹(shu)期(qi)(qi)(qi)的修剪(jian)(jian):以整(zheng)形為(wei)(wei)主(zhu),盡快(kuai)擴大樹(shu)冠,培(pei)(pei)養牢(lao)固的骨(gu)架;對骨(gu)干枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、延長(chang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)適度(du)短截(jie),對非骨(gu)干枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)輕剪(jian)(jian)長(chang)放(fang),提(ti)早(zao)結(jie)果(guo)(guo),逐漸培(pei)(pei)養各類結(jie)果(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組。盛果(guo)(guo)期(qi)(qi)(qi)的修剪(jian)(jian):前(qian)期(qi)(qi)(qi)保持樹(shu)勢(shi)平衡,中期(qi)(qi)(qi)要(yao)抑前(qian)促后(hou),回縮更(geng)新,培(pei)(pei)養新的枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組,防(fang)止(zhi)早(zao)衰和(he)(he)(he)結(jie)果(guo)(guo)部位外移(yi)。結(jie)果(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)要(yao)不(bu)斷更(geng)新,采(cai)取(qu)“強枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)少截(jie),弱枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)多截(jie)”的辦法(fa)。衰老期(qi)(qi)(qi)的修剪(jian)(jian):采(cai)用回縮更(geng)新復壯(zhuang)的方法(fa),促生(sheng)壯(zhuang)旺枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),重(zhong)短截(jie)生(sheng)長(chang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),重(zhong)新培(pei)(pei)養骨(gu)干枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和(he)(he)(he)結(jie)果(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),延長(chang)結(jie)果(guo)(guo)期(qi)(qi)(qi)。病(bing)蟲(chong)害防(fang)治(zhi)技術病(bing)害:剪(jian)(jian)除越冬病(bing)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),清(qing)掃(sao)果(guo)(guo)園,除去病(bing)葉和(he)(he)(he)枯枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。發(fa)病(bing)前(qian)噴5度(du)石硫合劑,展葉后(hou)發(fa)病(bing)前(qian)噴0.5:1:100硫酸鋅(xin)石灰液1-2次(ci)(ci)(ci)。蟲(chong)害:藥(yao)(yao)物防(fang)治(zhi)按GB4258農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)安(an)全使用標準(zhun)執(zhi)行。結(jie)合秋(qiu)耕,深翻樹(shu)盤,使成蟲(chong)羽(yu)化(hua)不(bu)能爬出地面(mian)(mian)。采(cai)收(shou)6月中、下旬(xun)采(cai)收(shou),在(zai)(zai)(zai)接近(jin)完(wan)熟(shu)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(九成熟(shu))采(cai)收(shou),當果(guo)(guo)面(mian)(mian)綠(lv)色全部轉為(wei)(wei)淡(dan)黃色時(shi)為(wei)(wei)完(wan)全成熟(shu)。采(cai)收(shou)時(shi)用人工(gong)手(shou)摘,輕拿輕放(fang),裝入(ru)果(guo)(guo)箱內(nei)(nei),果(guo)(guo)箱容器不(bu)易(yi)過大或過高,每箱裝5-10kg為(wei)(wei)宜(yi)。