一.產品介紹
江安大白李又稱江安李,品(pin)種(zhong)適應性廣,抗逆性強,結果(guo)期(qi)早,豐產(chan)穩產(chan),品(pin)質(zhi)上乘,曾榮獲“四川省優質(zhi)水(shui)果(guo)”殊榮,被全國農業高(gao)等院校(xiao)教材定(ding)為(wei)國家(jia)地方(fang)良種(zhong)。果(guo)實(shi)6月底成熟,平均單果(guo)重(zhong)25—35克,果(guo)肉清香脆嫩,汁多、味(wei)甜、離核(he),部分果(guo)實(shi)核(he)腔(qiang)內有(you)(you)黃白色膠狀分泌物,果(guo)農稱之為(wei)李子(zi)結“冰(bing)糖(tang)”。先后注冊“趕場山”李子(zi)商(shang)標,通過(guo)無公害農產(chan)品(pin)認證和(he)綠(lv)色食品(pin)認證檢測合(he)格。現(xian)有(you)(you)種(zhong)植(zhi)面積5000余(yu)畝、產(chan)量1500余(yu)噸。
二.自然生(sheng)態環(huan)境(jing)和(he)人文歷史因素
江安縣(xian)屬(shu)低(di)山丘陵區,海(hai)拔在236-908米之間(jian),縣(xian)內除長 江外(wai),有大小河溪145條,水(shui)資源豐富(fu)。產區氣(qi)候屬(shu)中(zhong)(zhong)亞熱帶四川盆地(di)濕潤氣(qi)候區,四季分明,常年(nian)(nian)平均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)溫為18.1℃,年(nian)(nian)平均(jun)(jun)降水(shui)量為1132毫米,年(nian)(nian)平均(jun)(jun)日(ri)照時(shi)數1199.3小時(shi),全年(nian)(nian)無霜期347天(tian)。土壤質(zhi)地(di)以砂(sha)壤土為主(zhu),PH值在5.8-7.0之間(jian),中(zhong)(zhong)性偏酸,適宜江安大白李生(sheng)長。
三.地域范圍
江(jiang)安大白(bai)李產于(yu)(yu)四(si)(si)川省江(jiang)安縣(xian)(xian),位于(yu)(yu)長(chang)江(jiang)上游,四(si)(si)川南(nan)(nan)(nan)緣(yuan),農(nong)產品地(di)理標(biao)志地(di)域保護范圍包括江(jiang)安縣(xian)(xian)所轄的江(jiang)安鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、怡樂鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、留(liu)耕鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、夕(xi)佳山鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、底蓬鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、大井鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、紅橋(qiao)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、五礦鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、陽春鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(原濫壩(ba)鄉(xiang)(xiang))、桐梓鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、水清鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、鐵清鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、迎安鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、四(si)(si)面山鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen),井口鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、大妙鄉(xiang)(xiang)、仁和(he)鄉(xiang)(xiang)和(he)蟠龍鄉(xiang)(xiang)等(deng)15鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)3鄉(xiang)(xiang)、297個行政村(cun)。地(di)理坐(zuo)標(biao)為東經104°57′40″-105°14′33,北緯(wei)28°22′20″-28°56′45″之(zhi)間,東到(dao)瀘州市江(jiang)陽區、納溪區,南(nan)(nan)(nan)到(dao)興文縣(xian)(xian),西到(dao)南(nan)(nan)(nan)溪縣(xian)(xian)、長(chang)寧縣(xian)(xian),北到(dao)自貢市富(fu)順縣(xian)(xian)。保護面積10萬(wan)畝,年(nian)產量11萬(wan)噸(dun)。
四.產(chan)品品質特(te)性特(te)征
(1)外在感官品(pin)質(zhi):果實(shi)中大,圓(yuan)形、整齊,縫合線較明顯,兩半較對(dui)稱,果頂(ding)平或(huo)凹。果面綠黃(huang)色(se)(se),果粉厚。果肉綠黃(huang)色(se)(se),肉質(zhi)細膩,清(qing)香脆嫩,纖維少,汁較多(duo),味甜。核(he)小(xiao),離核(he),品(pin)質(zhi)佳。
(2)內在(zai)品質指標:江安大白李可(ke)食率≥92%,可(ke)溶性固形物≥11%。
(3)安(an)全要(yao)求:符合《無公害食品 落(luo)葉核果類(lei)果品》NY5112-2005標準要(yao)求。
五.特定生(sheng)產方式
中(zhong)(zhong)耕(geng)果(guo)(guo)(guo)園生(sheng)長(chang)季節(jie)降(jiang)雨(yu)(yu)或(huo)灌(guan)(guan)水(shui)(shui)后(hou),及時(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)耕(geng)松土,中(zhong)(zhong)耕(geng)深度5cm-10cm。施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)時(shi)(shi)期:在落葉(xie)(xie)前(qian)(qian)后(hou)或(huo)李子萌芽(ya)前(qian)(qian)15天(tian)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)積肥(fei)(fei)(fei),秋(qiu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)比春施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)好。追肥(fei)(fei)(fei)一(yi)年2-3次,第一(yi)次在開花前(qian)(qian),第二次在硬核期,第三次在采(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)后(hou)。施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有機肥(fei)(fei)(fei):秋(qiu)季果(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)采(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)后(hou)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)入,以農家(jia)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主,混合(he)少量(liang)化肥(fei)(fei)(fei)。施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)量(liang)按1kg果(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)2kg優質(zhi)農家(jia)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)計算。施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)方(fang)法以溝(gou)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主,施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)部(bu)位在樹(shu)冠投影范圍內(nei)(nei)。施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)方(fang)法為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)挖放射狀(zhuang)溝(gou)、環(huan)狀(zhuang)溝(gou)或(huo)平(ping)行狀(zhuang)溝(gou),溝(gou)深30-40cm。追肥(fei)(fei)(fei):在幼齡(ling)樹(shu)和結(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)樹(shu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)發(fa)育前(qian)(qian)期,每(mei)(mei)畝追肥(fei)(fei)(fei)氮(dan)磷(lin)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)25kg;果(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)發(fa)育后(hou)期追施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)磷(lin)鉀肥(fei)(fei)(fei)20kg。距果(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)采(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)期20天(tian)內(nei)(nei)停止葉(xie)(xie)面(mian)追肥(fei)(fei)(fei)。水(shui)(shui)分(fen)管理灌(guan)(guan)水(shui)(shui):早春萌芽(ya)前(qian)(qian)灌(guan)(guan)一(yi)次水(shui)(shui),果(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)膨大(da)期灌(guan)(guan)一(yi)次水(shui)(shui),秋(qiu)末在上(shang)凍(dong)(dong)前(qian)(qian)灌(guan)(guan)一(yi)次封凍(dong)(dong)水(shui)(shui),有條件的(de)(de)(de)果(guo)(guo)(guo)園最好安裝(zhuang)滴灌(guan)(guan)系統。排(pai)水(shui)(shui):李樹(shu)喜濕(shi)但怕澇,應設置排(pai)水(shui)(shui)系統,地面(mian)積水(shui)(shui)不利李樹(shu)正常生(sheng)長(chang),在多雨(yu)(yu)季節(jie)通過(guo)溝(gou)渠及時(shi)(shi)排(pai)水(shui)(shui)。整形(xing)修(xiu)剪(jian) 樹(shu)高2.5m左右,冠幅1.5m×2.0m,無主側枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),在中(zhong)(zhong)心干上(shang)著(zhu)生(sheng)8-12個枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組,下部(bu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組較長(chang),上(shang)部(bu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組較短。修(xiu)剪(jian)幼樹(shu)期的(de)(de)(de)修(xiu)剪(jian):以整形(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主,盡快擴大(da)樹(shu)冠,培養(yang)牢(lao)固的(de)(de)(de)骨(gu)(gu)架;對骨(gu)(gu)干枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、延長(chang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)適度短截(jie),對非(fei)骨(gu)(gu)干枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)輕(qing)剪(jian)長(chang)放,提早結(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo),逐漸培養(yang)各(ge)類結(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組。盛(sheng)果(guo)(guo)(guo)期的(de)(de)(de)修(xiu)剪(jian):前(qian)(qian)期保持樹(shu)勢平(ping)衡,中(zhong)(zhong)期要(yao)抑前(qian)(qian)促后(hou),回縮更新(xin)(xin)(xin),培養(yang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組,防(fang)止早衰和結(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)部(bu)位外(wai)移。結(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)要(yao)不斷(duan)更新(xin)(xin)(xin),采(cai)(cai)取“強枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)少截(jie),弱(ruo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)多截(jie)”的(de)(de)(de)辦(ban)法。衰老期的(de)(de)(de)修(xiu)剪(jian):采(cai)(cai)用(yong)回縮更新(xin)(xin)(xin)復壯(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)法,促生(sheng)壯(zhuang)旺枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),重短截(jie)生(sheng)長(chang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),重新(xin)(xin)(xin)培養(yang)骨(gu)(gu)干枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和結(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),延長(chang)結(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)期。病蟲(chong)害防(fang)治(zhi)技術病害:剪(jian)除越冬病枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),清掃果(guo)(guo)(guo)園,除去病葉(xie)(xie)和枯枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。發(fa)病前(qian)(qian)噴(pen)5度石(shi)硫(liu)(liu)合(he)劑,展(zhan)葉(xie)(xie)后(hou)發(fa)病前(qian)(qian)噴(pen)0.5:1:100硫(liu)(liu)酸鋅石(shi)灰液1-2次。蟲(chong)害:藥物防(fang)治(zhi)按GB4258農藥安全(quan)使(shi)用(yong)標準執(zhi)行。結(jie)(jie)(jie)合(he)秋(qiu)耕(geng),深翻樹(shu)盤(pan),使(shi)成(cheng)蟲(chong)羽化不能爬出地面(mian)。采(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)6月中(zhong)(zhong)、下旬采(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou),在接近完熟期(九成(cheng)熟)采(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou),當果(guo)(guo)(guo)面(mian)綠色全(quan)部(bu)轉為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)淡黃色時(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)完全(quan)成(cheng)熟。采(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)時(shi)(shi)用(yong)人工手摘,輕(qing)拿輕(qing)放,裝(zhuang)入果(guo)(guo)(guo)箱內(nei)(nei),果(guo)(guo)(guo)箱容器不易過(guo)大(da)或(huo)過(guo)高,每(mei)(mei)箱裝(zhuang)5-10kg為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)宜。