一.產品介紹
江安(an)大白(bai)李(li)(li)又稱(cheng)江安(an)李(li)(li),品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)適應(ying)性(xing)廣,抗(kang)逆性(xing)強,結(jie)果期早,豐產穩產,品(pin)(pin)質上乘,曾榮(rong)(rong)獲“四川省(sheng)優(you)質水果”殊榮(rong)(rong),被全國(guo)農(nong)業高等(deng)院(yuan)校教材定為(wei)國(guo)家地方良種(zhong)。果實6月底成熟,平均單(dan)果重25—35克,果肉清香脆(cui)嫩(nen),汁多、味甜、離(li)核,部分果實核腔內有黃白(bai)色膠(jiao)狀分泌物(wu),果農(nong)稱(cheng)之為(wei)李(li)(li)子(zi)結(jie)“冰糖(tang)”。先后注冊“趕場山”李(li)(li)子(zi)商標,通(tong)過無公害農(nong)產品(pin)(pin)認證和綠色食品(pin)(pin)認證檢測合(he)格。現(xian)有種(zhong)植面(mian)積5000余畝(mu)、產量1500余噸。
二.自然生態(tai)環境和(he)人文(wen)歷史因素(su)
江(jiang)安(an)縣屬低(di)山丘陵(ling)區(qu),海拔在(zai)236-908米之(zhi)間(jian),縣內除長 江(jiang)外,有大小河溪145條,水(shui)資(zi)源豐富。產(chan)區(qu)氣(qi)(qi)候屬中亞熱(re)帶四川盆地(di)濕潤氣(qi)(qi)候區(qu),四季分(fen)明,常年平(ping)均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫為18.1℃,年平(ping)均(jun)(jun)降水(shui)量為1132毫米,年平(ping)均(jun)(jun)日照時(shi)數1199.3小時(shi),全(quan)年無霜期347天(tian)。土壤質地(di)以砂壤土為主,PH值在(zai)5.8-7.0之(zhi)間(jian),中性偏酸,適宜江(jiang)安(an)大白李(li)生長。
三.地域范圍
江(jiang)(jiang)安(an)(an)大白(bai)李產于四川(chuan)省(sheng)江(jiang)(jiang)安(an)(an)縣,位(wei)于長(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)上游(you),四川(chuan)南緣,農產品地理(li)標志(zhi)地域保護(hu)范圍(wei)包(bao)括(kuo)江(jiang)(jiang)安(an)(an)縣所轄的(de)江(jiang)(jiang)安(an)(an)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、怡樂鎮(zhen)(zhen)、留耕(geng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、夕(xi)佳山(shan)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、底蓬(peng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、大井鎮(zhen)(zhen)、紅橋鎮(zhen)(zhen)、五礦鎮(zhen)(zhen)、陽春鎮(zhen)(zhen)(原濫壩鄉)、桐梓鎮(zhen)(zhen)、水清鎮(zhen)(zhen)、鐵清鎮(zhen)(zhen)、迎安(an)(an)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、四面(mian)山(shan)鎮(zhen)(zhen),井口(kou)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、大妙鄉、仁和鄉和蟠龍(long)鄉等15鎮(zhen)(zhen)3鄉、297個行(xing)政村。地理(li)坐標為東(dong)經104°57′40″-105°14′33,北緯28°22′20″-28°56′45″之間(jian),東(dong)到(dao)瀘州市(shi)江(jiang)(jiang)陽區(qu)、納溪(xi)區(qu),南到(dao)興文縣,西到(dao)南溪(xi)縣、長(chang)寧縣,北到(dao)自貢市(shi)富順縣。保護(hu)面(mian)積(ji)10萬畝(mu),年(nian)產量11萬噸(dun)。
四(si).產品(pin)品(pin)質特性特征
(1)外在(zai)感官品質(zhi):果(guo)(guo)實(shi)中大,圓形、整齊,縫合(he)線(xian)較明顯(xian),兩半較對稱(cheng),果(guo)(guo)頂平或(huo)凹。果(guo)(guo)面綠黃色(se),果(guo)(guo)粉厚。果(guo)(guo)肉(rou)綠黃色(se),肉(rou)質(zhi)細膩(ni),清香(xiang)脆(cui)嫩,纖(xian)維(wei)少,汁較多,味甜(tian)。核(he)(he)小,離核(he)(he),品質(zhi)佳。
(2)內在品(pin)質(zhi)指標:江安大白李(li)可(ke)食率≥92%,可(ke)溶性固形(xing)物≥11%。
(3)安全要求:符合(he)《無公害食品 落葉核果類(lei)果品》NY5112-2005標(biao)準要求。
五(wu).特定(ding)生(sheng)產(chan)方式
中(zhong)(zhong)耕(geng)(geng)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)園(yuan)生長(chang)(chang)(chang)季節(jie)降雨或(huo)灌(guan)水(shui)后,及時(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)耕(geng)(geng)松土,中(zhong)(zhong)耕(geng)(geng)深度(du)5cm-10cm。施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)時(shi)(shi)期(qi):在落葉(xie)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)后或(huo)李子萌(meng)芽前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)15天(tian)(tian)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)積(ji)肥(fei)(fei),秋施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)比春施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)好。追(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)一(yi)年2-3次(ci)(ci),第(di)一(yi)次(ci)(ci)在開花前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian),第(di)二次(ci)(ci)在硬(ying)核期(qi),第(di)三次(ci)(ci)在采(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)后。施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)機(ji)肥(fei)(fei):秋季果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)采(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)后施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)入,以農(nong)家肥(fei)(fei)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu),混合(he)(he)少量化(hua)肥(fei)(fei)。施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)量按(an)1kg果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)2kg優質農(nong)家肥(fei)(fei)計算。施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用方(fang)法(fa)(fa)以溝(gou)(gou)(gou)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu),施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)部(bu)位在樹(shu)(shu)(shu)冠(guan)投影范圍內。施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)為(wei)(wei)挖放(fang)射狀(zhuang)溝(gou)(gou)(gou)、環狀(zhuang)溝(gou)(gou)(gou)或(huo)平行(xing)狀(zhuang)溝(gou)(gou)(gou),溝(gou)(gou)(gou)深30-40cm。追(zhui)肥(fei)(fei):在幼齡(ling)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)和結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)發育前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)期(qi),每(mei)畝追(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)氮磷肥(fei)(fei)25kg;果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)發育后期(qi)追(zhui)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)磷鉀肥(fei)(fei)20kg。距果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)采(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)期(qi)20天(tian)(tian)內停(ting)止葉(xie)面(mian)追(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)。水(shui)分(fen)管理(li)灌(guan)水(shui):早春萌(meng)芽前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)灌(guan)一(yi)次(ci)(ci)水(shui),果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)膨大期(qi)灌(guan)一(yi)次(ci)(ci)水(shui),秋末在上(shang)凍前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)灌(guan)一(yi)次(ci)(ci)封凍水(shui),有(you)條(tiao)件的(de)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)園(yuan)最(zui)好安裝(zhuang)滴灌(guan)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)。排(pai)水(shui):李樹(shu)(shu)(shu)喜濕但怕(pa)澇,應設置(zhi)排(pai)水(shui)系(xi)(xi)統(tong),地(di)面(mian)積(ji)水(shui)不(bu)(bu)(bu)利李樹(shu)(shu)(shu)正(zheng)常生長(chang)(chang)(chang),在多雨季節(jie)通過溝(gou)(gou)(gou)渠及時(shi)(shi)排(pai)水(shui)。整形修(xiu)(xiu)剪 樹(shu)(shu)(shu)高2.5m左右,冠(guan)幅(fu)1.5m×2.0m,無主(zhu)(zhu)側(ce)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),在中(zhong)(zhong)心干(gan)(gan)上(shang)著生8-12個(ge)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組(zu),下部(bu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組(zu)較長(chang)(chang)(chang),上(shang)部(bu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組(zu)較短。修(xiu)(xiu)剪幼樹(shu)(shu)(shu)期(qi)的(de)修(xiu)(xiu)剪:以整形為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu),盡(jin)快擴大樹(shu)(shu)(shu)冠(guan),培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)牢固的(de)骨(gu)(gu)架;對骨(gu)(gu)干(gan)(gan)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、延長(chang)(chang)(chang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)適度(du)短截(jie)(jie)(jie),對非骨(gu)(gu)干(gan)(gan)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)輕(qing)剪長(chang)(chang)(chang)放(fang),提早結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),逐漸培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)各類結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組(zu)。盛(sheng)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)期(qi)的(de)修(xiu)(xiu)剪:前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)期(qi)保(bao)持樹(shu)(shu)(shu)勢平衡,中(zhong)(zhong)期(qi)要(yao)抑(yi)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)促后,回(hui)縮(suo)更新(xin)(xin),培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)新(xin)(xin)的(de)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組(zu),防止早衰(shuai)和結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)部(bu)位外移。結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)要(yao)不(bu)(bu)(bu)斷更新(xin)(xin),采(cai)(cai)取“強枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)少截(jie)(jie)(jie),弱枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)多截(jie)(jie)(jie)”的(de)辦法(fa)(fa)。衰(shuai)老期(qi)的(de)修(xiu)(xiu)剪:采(cai)(cai)用回(hui)縮(suo)更新(xin)(xin)復壯(zhuang)的(de)方(fang)法(fa)(fa),促生壯(zhuang)旺枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),重(zhong)短截(jie)(jie)(jie)生長(chang)(chang)(chang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),重(zhong)新(xin)(xin)培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)骨(gu)(gu)干(gan)(gan)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),延長(chang)(chang)(chang)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)期(qi)。病(bing)蟲害(hai)防治(zhi)(zhi)技術(shu)病(bing)害(hai):剪除(chu)越(yue)冬病(bing)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),清掃果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)園(yuan),除(chu)去病(bing)葉(xie)和枯(ku)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。發病(bing)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)噴5度(du)石(shi)硫合(he)(he)劑,展葉(xie)后發病(bing)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)噴0.5:1:100硫酸鋅(xin)石(shi)灰液(ye)1-2次(ci)(ci)。蟲害(hai):藥(yao)物防治(zhi)(zhi)按(an)GB4258農(nong)藥(yao)安全(quan)使(shi)用標準執行(xing)。結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)合(he)(he)秋耕(geng)(geng),深翻(fan)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)盤(pan),使(shi)成(cheng)蟲羽化(hua)不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)爬出地(di)面(mian)。采(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)6月中(zhong)(zhong)、下旬采(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou),在接近完(wan)熟(shu)(shu)期(qi)(九(jiu)成(cheng)熟(shu)(shu))采(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou),當果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)面(mian)綠色(se)全(quan)部(bu)轉為(wei)(wei)淡黃色(se)時(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)完(wan)全(quan)成(cheng)熟(shu)(shu)。采(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)時(shi)(shi)用人工手摘(zhai),輕(qing)拿輕(qing)放(fang),裝(zhuang)入果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)箱(xiang)內,果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)箱(xiang)容器不(bu)(bu)(bu)易(yi)過大或(huo)過高,每(mei)箱(xiang)裝(zhuang)5-10kg為(wei)(wei)宜。