一.產品介紹
江安大白李(li)又稱江安李(li),品種適應性(xing)廣,抗(kang)逆性(xing)強,結(jie)果(guo)期(qi)早(zao),豐(feng)產(chan)(chan)穩產(chan)(chan),品質(zhi)上乘,曾榮獲“四川省優質(zhi)水果(guo)”殊榮,被(bei)全國農(nong)(nong)業(ye)高等院(yuan)校(xiao)教材定(ding)為國家地方良種。果(guo)實(shi)6月底成熟,平均單(dan)果(guo)重25—35克,果(guo)肉清香(xiang)脆(cui)嫩,汁多、味甜、離核,部分果(guo)實(shi)核腔內有黃白色膠狀分泌(mi)物(wu),果(guo)農(nong)(nong)稱之為李(li)子結(jie)“冰糖”。先后注冊“趕場山”李(li)子商標(biao),通過無公(gong)害農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品認證和綠色食(shi)品認證檢測(ce)合格。現有種植面積5000余畝、產(chan)(chan)量1500余噸。
二(er).自(zi)然生態(tai)環境(jing)和人文歷(li)史因(yin)素
江安(an)縣屬低山丘(qiu)陵區(qu),海拔(ba)在(zai)236-908米(mi)(mi)之間,縣內除長(chang) 江外,有(you)大小河溪145條(tiao),水(shui)資源豐富(fu)。產區(qu)氣候屬中(zhong)亞熱帶四川盆地濕潤氣候區(qu),四季分明,常年(nian)平均氣溫為(wei)18.1℃,年(nian)平均降水(shui)量為(wei)1132毫(hao)米(mi)(mi),年(nian)平均日照時(shi)數1199.3小時(shi),全年(nian)無霜期347天。土壤質地以砂壤土為(wei)主(zhu),PH值在(zai)5.8-7.0之間,中(zhong)性偏酸,適宜江安(an)大白(bai)李生(sheng)長(chang)。
三.地域范圍
江(jiang)安(an)(an)大白(bai)李產(chan)(chan)于四川(chuan)省江(jiang)安(an)(an)縣(xian)(xian),位(wei)于長江(jiang)上游,四川(chuan)南緣(yuan),農產(chan)(chan)品地理標志(zhi)地域保護(hu)范圍包括江(jiang)安(an)(an)縣(xian)(xian)所(suo)轄的江(jiang)安(an)(an)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、怡樂鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、留耕鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、夕佳(jia)山(shan)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、底蓬(peng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、大井鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、紅(hong)橋鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、五礦鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、陽春鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(原(yuan)濫壩鄉(xiang))、桐(tong)梓鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、水(shui)清(qing)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、鐵清(qing)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、迎(ying)安(an)(an)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、四面山(shan)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen),井口鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、大妙鄉(xiang)、仁和(he)鄉(xiang)和(he)蟠龍鄉(xiang)等(deng)15鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)3鄉(xiang)、297個行政村。地理坐標為東經104°57′40″-105°14′33,北緯28°22′20″-28°56′45″之間,東到瀘州市江(jiang)陽區(qu)、納溪區(qu),南到興文(wen)縣(xian)(xian),西到南溪縣(xian)(xian)、長寧縣(xian)(xian),北到自貢市富順縣(xian)(xian)。保護(hu)面積10萬(wan)畝,年(nian)產(chan)(chan)量11萬(wan)噸。
四.產品品質特性特征
(1)外(wai)在感官品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi):果(guo)實中大,圓形、整(zheng)齊,縫合線較明顯,兩(liang)半較對稱,果(guo)頂平或(huo)凹。果(guo)面綠(lv)黃色,果(guo)粉厚。果(guo)肉綠(lv)黃色,肉質(zhi)(zhi)細膩,清香脆(cui)嫩,纖維少,汁較多,味甜。核小,離核,品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)佳。
(2)內在品質指(zhi)標:江安大白李可(ke)食率≥92%,可(ke)溶性固(gu)形物≥11%。
(3)安全(quan)要(yao)求:符(fu)合《無公害(hai)食品(pin) 落葉核果類果品(pin)》NY5112-2005標準要(yao)求。
五.特定生產方式
中耕(geng)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)園生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)季節降(jiang)雨或(huo)(huo)灌水(shui)(shui)后(hou)(hou),及時(shi)中耕(geng)松土(tu),中耕(geng)深(shen)度5cm-10cm。施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)時(shi)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi):在(zai)(zai)落(luo)葉(xie)前(qian)后(hou)(hou)或(huo)(huo)李子萌(meng)(meng)芽(ya)前(qian)15天施(shi)(shi)積肥(fei)(fei),秋(qiu)施(shi)(shi)比春施(shi)(shi)好。追(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)一(yi)年2-3次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),第(di)一(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)在(zai)(zai)開花前(qian),第(di)二(er)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)在(zai)(zai)硬核期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),第(di)三(san)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)在(zai)(zai)采(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)后(hou)(hou)。施(shi)(shi)有機肥(fei)(fei):秋(qiu)季果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)采(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)后(hou)(hou)施(shi)(shi)入,以農家肥(fei)(fei)為(wei)主(zhu),混合(he)少量化(hua)肥(fei)(fei)。施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)量按1kg果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)施(shi)(shi)2kg優質農家肥(fei)(fei)計算。施(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)方(fang)法以溝施(shi)(shi)為(wei)主(zhu),施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)部(bu)位在(zai)(zai)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)冠(guan)投影范圍內。施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)方(fang)法為(wei)挖放射狀溝、環狀溝或(huo)(huo)平行狀溝,溝深(shen)30-40cm。追(zhui)肥(fei)(fei):在(zai)(zai)幼齡樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)和(he)結(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)發(fa)育前(qian)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),每(mei)畝追(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)氮磷肥(fei)(fei)25kg;果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)發(fa)育后(hou)(hou)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)追(zhui)施(shi)(shi)磷鉀肥(fei)(fei)20kg。距(ju)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)采(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)20天內停止(zhi)葉(xie)面追(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)。水(shui)(shui)分管理灌水(shui)(shui):早春萌(meng)(meng)芽(ya)前(qian)灌一(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)水(shui)(shui),果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)膨大期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)灌一(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)水(shui)(shui),秋(qiu)末在(zai)(zai)上凍前(qian)灌一(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)封凍水(shui)(shui),有條(tiao)件的果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)園最好安裝滴灌系(xi)統(tong)。排(pai)水(shui)(shui):李樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)喜濕但怕澇,應設置排(pai)水(shui)(shui)系(xi)統(tong),地面積水(shui)(shui)不(bu)(bu)利李樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)正常生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang),在(zai)(zai)多(duo)雨季節通過(guo)溝渠及時(shi)排(pai)水(shui)(shui)。整形(xing)(xing)修(xiu)剪(jian) 樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)高2.5m左右,冠(guan)幅1.5m×2.0m,無(wu)主(zhu)側枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),在(zai)(zai)中心(xin)干上著生(sheng)(sheng)8-12個(ge)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組(zu)(zu),下(xia)部(bu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組(zu)(zu)較長(chang),上部(bu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組(zu)(zu)較短(duan)。修(xiu)剪(jian)幼樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的修(xiu)剪(jian):以整形(xing)(xing)為(wei)主(zhu),盡(jin)快擴大樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)冠(guan),培(pei)養(yang)牢固的骨(gu)架;對骨(gu)干枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、延長(chang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)適(shi)度短(duan)截,對非骨(gu)干枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)輕剪(jian)長(chang)放,提(ti)早結(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),逐漸培(pei)養(yang)各類結(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組(zu)(zu)。盛果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的修(xiu)剪(jian):前(qian)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)保持樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)勢平衡(heng),中期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)要抑前(qian)促后(hou)(hou),回(hui)縮(suo)更新,培(pei)養(yang)新的枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組(zu)(zu),防(fang)止(zhi)早衰和(he)結(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)部(bu)位外移。結(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)要不(bu)(bu)斷更新,采(cai)(cai)取“強枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)少截,弱枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)多(duo)截”的辦法。衰老(lao)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的修(xiu)剪(jian):采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)回(hui)縮(suo)更新復壯(zhuang)的方(fang)法,促生(sheng)(sheng)壯(zhuang)旺(wang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),重短(duan)截生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),重新培(pei)養(yang)骨(gu)干枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和(he)結(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),延長(chang)結(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。病蟲(chong)害(hai)防(fang)治(zhi)技術病害(hai):剪(jian)除越冬病枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),清(qing)掃果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)園,除去病葉(xie)和(he)枯枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。發(fa)病前(qian)噴(pen)5度石(shi)硫(liu)合(he)劑,展葉(xie)后(hou)(hou)發(fa)病前(qian)噴(pen)0.5:1:100硫(liu)酸鋅(xin)石(shi)灰液(ye)1-2次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)。蟲(chong)害(hai):藥(yao)物(wu)防(fang)治(zhi)按GB4258農藥(yao)安全(quan)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)標(biao)準執行。結(jie)(jie)合(he)秋(qiu)耕(geng),深(shen)翻樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)盤,使(shi)成蟲(chong)羽化(hua)不(bu)(bu)能(neng)爬(pa)出地面。采(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)6月中、下(xia)旬采(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou),在(zai)(zai)接(jie)近完熟期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(九成熟)采(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou),當果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)面綠色(se)全(quan)部(bu)轉為(wei)淡黃(huang)色(se)時(shi)為(wei)完全(quan)成熟。采(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)時(shi)用(yong)(yong)人(ren)工手摘,輕拿輕放,裝入果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)箱內,果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)箱容器不(bu)(bu)易過(guo)大或(huo)(huo)過(guo)高,每(mei)箱裝5-10kg為(wei)宜(yi)。