一.產品介紹
武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)穴(xue)(xue)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),原(yuan)名廣(guang)濟縣(xian)(xian)(《廣(guang)濟縣(xian)(xian)志(zhi)》第34頁(ye)(ye)(ye),地(di)(di)處長(chang)江(jiang)中游(you)北(bei)岸,大(da)別山余(yu)脈(mo)南麓。武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)穴(xue)(xue)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)自古以來就(jiu)有栽(zai)培油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)的歷史,清朝時(shi)就(jiu)有文字記載(《清·廣(guang)濟縣(xian)(xian)志(zhi)》第38頁(ye)(ye)(ye))。1979年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)籽產(chan)(chan)量達8500噸,居全(quan)省(sheng)(sheng)各縣(xian)(xian)首(shou)位(《廣(guang)濟縣(xian)(xian)志(zhi)》第30頁(ye)(ye)(ye))。從1988年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)開始逐步推廣(guang)雙(shuang)低(di)(di)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)菜(cai)(cai)(cai) “華雙(shuang)2號(hao)(hao)(hao)”、“華雙(shuang)3號(hao)(hao)(hao)”等(deng)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(《武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)穴(xue)(xue)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)志(zhi)》第142頁(ye)(ye)(ye)、156頁(ye)(ye)(ye))。進入(ru)90年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)代,武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)穴(xue)(xue)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)雙(shuang)低(di)(di)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)種植(zhi)面(mian)積不斷擴大(da),被國(guo)(guo)家列(lie)為(wei)長(chang)江(jiang)流域雙(shuang)低(di)(di)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)開發(fa)示(shi)范(fan)區(《武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)穴(xue)(xue)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)志(zhi)》第142頁(ye)(ye)(ye)),1995年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)雙(shuang)低(di)(di)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)種植(zhi)面(mian)積達26萬(wan)畝,平均(jun)單產(chan)(chan)191.2 kg,總產(chan)(chan)44961噸(《武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)穴(xue)(xue)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)志(zhi)》第149頁(ye)(ye)(ye))。1997年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)在湖(hu)(hu)北(bei)省(sheng)(sheng)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)考核評比中名列(lie)第一。1998年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)1月(yue)19日,原(yuan)國(guo)(guo)務(wu)院(yuan)總理溫家寶同志(zhi)來武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)穴(xue)(xue)視察,觀(guan)看了武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)穴(xue)(xue)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)大(da)金(jin)鎮大(da)金(jin)畈(fan)萬(wan)畝優質雙(shuang)低(di)(di)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)示(shi)范(fan)基地(di)(di),對武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)穴(xue)(xue)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)委、市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)政府大(da)力(li)發(fa)展雙(shuang)低(di)(di)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)產(chan)(chan)業,著力(li)推進農(nong)村經濟發(fa)展的經驗給予了高度的肯(ken)定與贊揚(《武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)穴(xue)(xue)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)志(zhi)》第7頁(ye)(ye)(ye))。2003年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)4月(yue),武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)穴(xue)(xue)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)被全(quan)國(guo)(guo)優質農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)服務(wu)中心授予“中國(guo)(guo)雙(shuang)低(di)(di)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)大(da)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)”的稱號(hao)(hao)(hao)。2006年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)穴(xue)(xue)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)雙(shuang)低(di)(di)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)被農(nong)業部批準為(wei)全(quan)國(guo)(guo)綠(lv)色(se)食品(pin)(pin)(pin)原(yuan)料雙(shuang)低(di)(di)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)標(biao)準化生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)基地(di)(di),創建(jian)綠(lv)色(se)食品(pin)(pin)(pin)原(yuan)料雙(shuang)低(di)(di)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)標(biao)準化生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)示(shi)范(fan)基地(di)(di)16.3萬(wan)畝;2012年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)被湖(hu)(hu)北(bei)省(sheng)(sheng)確定為(wei)綠(lv)色(se)食品(pin)(pin)(pin)雙(shuang)低(di)(di)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)標(biao)準化生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)整縣(xian)(xian)推進示(shi)范(fan)縣(xian)(xian)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),建(jian)設(she)綠(lv)色(se)食品(pin)(pin)(pin)原(yuan)料武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)穴(xue)(xue)雙(shuang)低(di)(di)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)標(biao)準化生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)面(mian)積36萬(wan)畝,占全(quan)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)耕地(di)(di)面(mian)積的80%以上。2009年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)被湖(hu)(hu)北(bei)省(sheng)(sheng)政府命名為(wei)“油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)大(da)縣(xian)(xian)”,并榮獲“中國(guo)(guo)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)之鄉”美譽。
二.自然生態環(huan)境和(he)人文歷(li)史因素
1、土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)地貌情況(kuang):武穴處(chu)紅壤(rang)(rang)地帶的(de)北部邊緣,是(shi)紅壤(rang)(rang)向黃棕壤(rang)(rang)過(guo)渡地區。據(ju)第(di)二次土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)普查資料(liao),武穴市(shi)地帶性土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)有(you)黃棕壤(rang)(rang)和棕紅壤(rang)(rang),非(fei)地帶性土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)有(you)潮土(tu),石灰(巖)土(tu),水稻土(tu)共(gong)5個(ge)(ge)土(tu)類、11個(ge)(ge)亞(ya)類、45個(ge)(ge)土(tu)屬、293個(ge)(ge)土(tu)種(zhong),土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)以(yi)微酸性土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)為(wei)主,適(shi)宜于(yu)(yu)多種(zhong)作物(wu)(wu)的(de)成長。武穴境內土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)酸堿度適(shi)中(zhong),富含鋅、硼、鎂(mei)、鉬、鈣、硫、鐵等。由(you)于(yu)(yu)土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)土(tu)層(ceng)深厚,含水適(shi)中(zhong),通氣(qi)性好,未受污染,吸(xi)熱(re)(re)快、放熱(re)(re)快、晝(zhou)夜溫差(cha)大,有(you)利于(yu)(yu)植物(wu)(wu)進(jin)行物(wu)(wu)質積累。適(shi)于(yu)(yu)雙低(di)油(you)菜及多種(zhong)作物(wu)(wu)的(de)生長。
2、水(shui)文情況:武(wu)(wu)(wu)穴南依長(chang)江,全市流(liu)域面積(ji)主屬(shu)長(chang)江下(xia)游(you)干(gan)(gan)流(liu)區(qu)華陽(yang)河(he)(he)(he)系,源(yuan)出(chu)北部低(di)山和(he)中(zhong)部丘陵的梅川水(shui)庫、荊竹水(shui)庫、大(da)金水(shui)庫、戴文義、鐵石等(deng)河(he)(he)(he)注(zhu)入(ru)武(wu)(wu)(wu)山湖、太白湖匯集(ji)東(dong)流(liu)入(ru)華陽(yang)河(he)(he)(he),流(liu)域面積(ji)共計953.2平方公里。其次屬(shu)長(chang)江中(zhong)游(you)干(gan)(gan)流(liu)區(qu)蘄水(shui)河(he)(he)(he)系,源(yuan)出(chu)西北丘陵的松陽(yang)、栗木、百園等(deng)山河(he)(he)(he),向西注(zhu)入(ru)蘄春赤東(dong)湖,流(liu)域面積(ji)126.7平方公里。區(qu)域內地下(xia)水(shui)屬(shu)基巖裂隙水(shui),屬(shu)重(zhong)碳酸鈉(na)型(xing)和(he)鈣鈉(na)型(xing)極軟水(shui),硬度小于(yu)4度,適(shi)合(he)武(wu)(wu)(wu)穴雙低(di)油菜生長(chang)需求。
3、氣(qi)候情況:武穴市位于北緯29°50′-30°13′,東經(jing)115°22′-115°49′,屬中緯度亞熱(re)帶大陸性濕潤季風氣(qi)候區(qu)。四季分(fen)明(ming),熱(re)量豐富(fu),光照充足,雨量充沛,氣(qi)候溫(wen)和濕潤。年(nian)均(jun)總日照時(shi)數(shu)為(wei)(wei)1913.5小時(shi),年(nian)均(jun)太陽(yang)輻(fu)射能106.799千卡/平方厘米,年(nian)平均(jun)降雨量1489.1毫米,年(nian)平均(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)16.9℃,年(nian)平均(jun)地表溫(wen)度為(wei)(wei)18.6℃,全年(nian)無霜(shuang)期320天,為(wei)(wei)全省一級(ji)光能區(qu),是(shi)適(shi)宜(yi)于農(nong)、林、牧、漁全面(mian)發(fa)展(zhan)的多宜(yi)地區(qu)。境(jing)內有低山、丘陵、湖泊、長江等屏(ping)障,為(wei)(wei)武穴雙低油菜的生產提(ti)供了優(you)越的自(zi)然隔離(li)條(tiao)件,有利于提(ti)高其產品品質。
三.地域范圍
包括武(wu)穴市(shi)梅川(chuan)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、余(yu)川(chuan)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、大(da)(da)金鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、大(da)(da)法(fa)寺鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、四望鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、石佛寺鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、花橋鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、龍坪鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、武(wu)穴辦事(shi)處(chu)(chu)(chu)、刊江辦事(shi)處(chu)(chu)(chu)、田(tian)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)辦事(shi)處(chu)(chu)(chu)、萬(wan)(wan)丈湖辦事(shi)處(chu)(chu)(chu)等12個雙(shuang)低油菜種(zhong)植區域。武(wu)穴市(shi),原(yuan)名(ming)廣(guang)濟縣(xian),位于(yu)(yu)北(bei)(bei)緯(wei)29°50′-30°13′;東經115°22′-115°49′。地處(chu)(chu)(chu)長(chang)(chang)江中游北(bei)(bei)岸(an),大(da)(da)別山(shan)余(yu)脈南(nan)(nan)麓,鄂東邊(bian)緣。東與(yu)黃(huang)梅縣(xian)毗鄰,西北(bei)(bei)與(yu)蘄(qi)春接(jie)壤,西南(nan)(nan)與(yu)陽新縣(xian)隔江相望,南(nan)(nan)與(yu)江西省九江、瑞昌(chang)以(yi)長(chang)(chang)江為(wei)(wei)(wei)界。地扼吳頭楚(chu)尾,歷來是鄂、皖、贛(gan)毗連(lian)地段的“三省七(qi)縣(xian)通(tong)衢”。早在明代就成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)臨江重(zhong)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)。清初發展為(wei)(wei)(wei)“商(shang)賈雜處(chu)(chu)(chu)鱗(lin)聚之(zhi)要埠(bu)”,《煙臺條約》辟為(wei)(wei)(wei)外輪停泊港口、孫中山(shan)先生在《建(jian)國(guo)方(fang)略》中列(lie)入開發計劃,民國(guo)中期成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)湖北(bei)(bei)省“七(qi)大(da)(da)商(shang)埠(bu)”之(zhi)一,素有“入楚(chu)第一門”、“鄂東門戶”之(zhi)稱。如今,隨著現代化建(jian)設進程(cheng)的快速推進,武(wu)穴處(chu)(chu)(chu)于(yu)(yu)武(wu)漢8+1城(cheng)市(shi)發展圈之(zhi)內;處(chu)(chu)(chu)于(yu)(yu)黃(huang)山(shan)、天柱山(shan)、廬山(shan)大(da)(da)旅游圈之(zhi)中;處(chu)(chu)(chu)于(yu)(yu)中國(guo)經濟梯度開發,承東接(jie)西過渡區域之(zhi)中;是京(jing)九大(da)(da)動(dong)脈中段的重(zhong)要城(cheng)市(shi)。全市(shi)版圖面積(ji)1200.35平方(fang)公里,占湖北(bei)(bei)省總面積(ji)的0.65%。地勢自北(bei)(bei)向南(nan)(nan)傾斜,北(bei)(bei)部(bu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)大(da)(da)別山(shan)余(yu)脈,中部(bu)丘陵起(qi)伏、湖港交錯,南(nan)(nan)部(bu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)帶狀長(chang)(chang)江沖積(ji)平原(yuan)。雙(shuang)低油菜常年種(zhong)植面積(ji)保持在43萬(wan)(wan)畝以(yi)上,年總產量(liang)超(chao)過7.5萬(wan)(wan)噸(dun)。
四.產(chan)品(pin)品(pin)質特性(xing)特征(zheng)
1、外在感官特征:武穴(xue)雙低(di)(di)油(you)(you)(you)菜(cai)菜(cai)薹(tai)為油(you)(you)(you)菜(cai)主(zhu)花序(xu),長約(yue)15-20厘米,薹(tai)粗(cu)約(yue)1-1.5厘米,色(se)澤翠綠,氣味(wei)清(qing)(qing)香(xiang),味(wei)甜,無(wu)(wu)傳(chuan)統油(you)(you)(you)菜(cai)薹(tai)的(de)苦澀味(wei);武穴(xue)雙低(di)(di)油(you)(you)(you)菜(cai)籽(zi)呈黑色(se)或褐(he)色(se),色(se)澤鮮亮(liang),皮薄(bo),籽(zi)粒飽滿圓潤,大(da)小均勻(yun)整齊(qi),千粒重4.28克;以(yi)武穴(xue)雙低(di)(di)油(you)(you)(you)菜(cai)籽(zi)為原料經低(di)(di)溫壓榨加工的(de)毛油(you)(you)(you)呈深褐(he)色(se),有(you)濃郁的(de)菜(cai)籽(zi)油(you)(you)(you)香(xiang)味(wei)。經精加工后的(de)菜(cai)籽(zi)油(you)(you)(you),呈淺(qian)黃色(se),油(you)(you)(you)色(se)清(qing)(qing)亮(liang),氣味(wei)清(qing)(qing)香(xiang);武穴(xue)雙低(di)(di)油(you)(you)(you)菜(cai)籽(zi)餅粕呈黃色(se)、淺(qian)褐(he)色(se)碎片或粗(cu)粉狀,具菜(cai)油(you)(you)(you)香(xiang)味(wei),無(wu)(wu)發酵(jiao)、霉變及異味(wei)。
、內(nei)在品質(zhi)指標(biao):武穴雙低(di)油(you)菜芥(jie)酸(suan)≤5%,硫(liu)甙(餅)≤35umol/g;以(yi)武穴雙低(di)油(you)菜為原料經低(di)溫壓榨的菜籽油(you)亞油(you)酸(suan)≥60%;不飽和脂肪酸(suan)總量≥90%;其加工副產品餅粕硫(liu)甙≤35umol/g、粗蛋白≥25%。
3、質(zhi)量安(an)全要求:武穴雙低(di)油(you)菜(cai)產地環境(jing)、產品質(zhi)量符合NY/T391-2013《綠(lv)色食品產地環境(jing)技術(shu)條件(jian)》、 NY/T790-2004《雙低(di)油(you)菜(cai)生產技術(shu)規程》的要求。