一.產品介紹
武穴(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)市(shi),原(yuan)名廣濟縣(xian)(xian)(《廣濟縣(xian)(xian)志(zhi)》第(di)(di)34頁(ye),地(di)處長江中(zhong)游北岸(an),大別山余脈南麓。武穴(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)市(shi)自古以來(lai)就有栽培(pei)油(you)(you)(you)(you)菜(cai)的(de)(de)歷史,清(qing)朝(chao)時(shi)就有文字記載(《清(qing)·廣濟縣(xian)(xian)志(zhi)》第(di)(di)38頁(ye))。1979年(nian)全縣(xian)(xian)油(you)(you)(you)(you)菜(cai)籽產(chan)(chan)量達8500噸,居全省(sheng)各縣(xian)(xian)首位(《廣濟縣(xian)(xian)志(zhi)》第(di)(di)30頁(ye))。從(cong)1988年(nian)開始(shi)逐步推廣雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)低(di)(di)油(you)(you)(you)(you)菜(cai) “華雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)2號(hao)”、“華雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)3號(hao)”等品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(《武穴(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)市(shi)志(zhi)》第(di)(di)142頁(ye)、156頁(ye))。進(jin)入(ru)90年(nian)代(dai),武穴(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)市(shi)雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)低(di)(di)油(you)(you)(you)(you)菜(cai)種(zhong)(zhong)植面積(ji)(ji)不(bu)斷擴大,被(bei)(bei)國家列為長江流(liu)域雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)低(di)(di)油(you)(you)(you)(you)菜(cai)開發示范(fan)區(《武穴(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)市(shi)志(zhi)》第(di)(di)142頁(ye)),1995年(nian)雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)低(di)(di)油(you)(you)(you)(you)菜(cai)種(zhong)(zhong)植面積(ji)(ji)達26萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝,平均單產(chan)(chan)191.2 kg,總產(chan)(chan)44961噸(《武穴(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)市(shi)志(zhi)》第(di)(di)149頁(ye))。1997年(nian)在湖北省(sheng)油(you)(you)(you)(you)菜(cai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)考(kao)核評比中(zhong)名列第(di)(di)一。1998年(nian)1月19日(ri),原(yuan)國務(wu)院總理(li)溫(wen)家寶(bao)同志(zhi)來(lai)武穴(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)視(shi)察,觀(guan)看了(le)武穴(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)市(shi)大金鎮(zhen)大金畈(fan)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝優(you)質雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)低(di)(di)油(you)(you)(you)(you)菜(cai)示范(fan)基(ji)地(di),對武穴(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)市(shi)委、市(shi)政府大力發展雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)低(di)(di)油(you)(you)(you)(you)菜(cai)產(chan)(chan)業(ye),著力推進(jin)農村(cun)經濟發展的(de)(de)經驗(yan)給予(yu)了(le)高度(du)的(de)(de)肯定與贊揚(《武穴(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)市(shi)志(zhi)》第(di)(di)7頁(ye))。2003年(nian)4月,武穴(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)市(shi)被(bei)(bei)全國優(you)質農產(chan)(chan)品(pin)服務(wu)中(zhong)心授(shou)予(yu)“中(zhong)國雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)低(di)(di)油(you)(you)(you)(you)菜(cai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)大市(shi)”的(de)(de)稱號(hao)。2006年(nian),武穴(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)市(shi)雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)低(di)(di)油(you)(you)(you)(you)菜(cai)被(bei)(bei)農業(ye)部批(pi)準為全國綠色食(shi)品(pin)原(yuan)料(liao)雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)低(di)(di)油(you)(you)(you)(you)菜(cai)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準化生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)基(ji)地(di),創建綠色食(shi)品(pin)原(yuan)料(liao)雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)低(di)(di)油(you)(you)(you)(you)菜(cai)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準化生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)示范(fan)基(ji)地(di)16.3萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝;2012年(nian)被(bei)(bei)湖北省(sheng)確定為綠色食(shi)品(pin)雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)低(di)(di)油(you)(you)(you)(you)菜(cai)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準化生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)整縣(xian)(xian)推進(jin)示范(fan)縣(xian)(xian)市(shi),建設綠色食(shi)品(pin)原(yuan)料(liao)武穴(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)低(di)(di)油(you)(you)(you)(you)菜(cai)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準化生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)面積(ji)(ji)36萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝,占全市(shi)耕地(di)面積(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)80%以上。2009年(nian)被(bei)(bei)湖北省(sheng)政府命名為“油(you)(you)(you)(you)菜(cai)大縣(xian)(xian)”,并榮獲“中(zhong)國油(you)(you)(you)(you)菜(cai)之鄉”美(mei)譽。
二.自然(ran)生態環境(jing)和(he)人(ren)文歷史(shi)因(yin)素
1、土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)地(di)(di)貌情況:武穴(xue)處(chu)紅壤(rang)地(di)(di)帶(dai)的(de)北部邊緣,是紅壤(rang)向黃棕(zong)壤(rang)過渡地(di)(di)區(qu)。據第二次土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)普查資料(liao),武穴(xue)市地(di)(di)帶(dai)性(xing)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)有黃棕(zong)壤(rang)和棕(zong)紅壤(rang),非地(di)(di)帶(dai)性(xing)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)有潮土(tu)(tu),石灰(巖)土(tu)(tu),水(shui)稻土(tu)(tu)共5個(ge)土(tu)(tu)類、11個(ge)亞類、45個(ge)土(tu)(tu)屬、293個(ge)土(tu)(tu)種,土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)以微酸性(xing)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)為(wei)主(zhu),適(shi)(shi)宜于(yu)多種作物(wu)的(de)成長。武穴(xue)境內土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)酸堿(jian)度適(shi)(shi)中(zhong),富(fu)含(han)鋅、硼、鎂、鉬、鈣、硫、鐵(tie)等。由于(yu)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)土(tu)(tu)層深厚(hou),含(han)水(shui)適(shi)(shi)中(zhong),通(tong)氣性(xing)好(hao),未受污染,吸熱(re)快、放(fang)熱(re)快、晝夜溫差大,有利(li)于(yu)植物(wu)進行物(wu)質積累。適(shi)(shi)于(yu)雙低油菜及多種作物(wu)的(de)生長。
2、水文情況:武(wu)(wu)穴(xue)南依長江,全市流(liu)域面積主屬長江下游干(gan)流(liu)區華陽(yang)河(he)(he)系,源(yuan)出(chu)北(bei)部(bu)低山(shan)(shan)和中部(bu)丘陵的梅(mei)川水庫(ku)(ku)、荊(jing)竹(zhu)水庫(ku)(ku)、大金水庫(ku)(ku)、戴文義、鐵石等河(he)(he)注入(ru)武(wu)(wu)山(shan)(shan)湖(hu)、太白湖(hu)匯集東流(liu)入(ru)華陽(yang)河(he)(he),流(liu)域面積共計953.2平方(fang)公里(li)。其次(ci)屬長江中游干(gan)流(liu)區蘄(qi)水河(he)(he)系,源(yuan)出(chu)西(xi)北(bei)丘陵的松陽(yang)、栗木、百(bai)園等山(shan)(shan)河(he)(he),向西(xi)注入(ru)蘄(qi)春赤東湖(hu),流(liu)域面積126.7平方(fang)公里(li)。區域內地(di)下水屬基巖裂(lie)隙水,屬重碳(tan)酸鈉(na)型(xing)和鈣鈉(na)型(xing)極軟水,硬度小于4度,適合武(wu)(wu)穴(xue)雙低油菜生(sheng)長需求。
3、氣候(hou)情況:武(wu)穴市位于(yu)(yu)北緯29°50′-30°13′,東經(jing)115°22′-115°49′,屬中緯度(du)亞熱(re)帶大(da)陸(lu)性濕(shi)潤季風氣候(hou)區。四季分明,熱(re)量(liang)豐富,光照充足,雨(yu)量(liang)充沛,氣候(hou)溫(wen)和濕(shi)潤。年(nian)(nian)均總日照時數為1913.5小時,年(nian)(nian)均太(tai)陽輻(fu)射能106.799千(qian)卡/平方厘米,年(nian)(nian)平均降(jiang)雨(yu)量(liang)1489.1毫米,年(nian)(nian)平均氣溫(wen)16.9℃,年(nian)(nian)平均地表溫(wen)度(du)為18.6℃,全年(nian)(nian)無霜(shuang)期320天,為全省一級光能區,是適(shi)宜于(yu)(yu)農、林、牧、漁(yu)全面(mian)發展的多宜地區。境內有低山(shan)、丘陵、湖泊、長(chang)江等屏障(zhang),為武(wu)穴雙(shuang)低油菜的生產(chan)提供(gong)了優越的自然隔(ge)離條件(jian),有利于(yu)(yu)提高其產(chan)品品質(zhi)。
三.地域范圍
包(bao)括(kuo)武(wu)穴市(shi)(shi)梅川鎮(zhen)(zhen)、余川鎮(zhen)(zhen)、大(da)金鎮(zhen)(zhen)、大(da)法寺鎮(zhen)(zhen)、四望鎮(zhen)(zhen)、石佛(fo)寺鎮(zhen)(zhen)、花橋鎮(zhen)(zhen)、龍坪鎮(zhen)(zhen)、武(wu)穴辦(ban)事(shi)(shi)處(chu)(chu)、刊江(jiang)辦(ban)事(shi)(shi)處(chu)(chu)、田鎮(zhen)(zhen)辦(ban)事(shi)(shi)處(chu)(chu)、萬丈湖辦(ban)事(shi)(shi)處(chu)(chu)等12個雙低油菜種植區域。武(wu)穴市(shi)(shi),原(yuan)名廣濟縣(xian),位于(yu)(yu)(yu)北(bei)緯29°50′-30°13′;東(dong)經115°22′-115°49′。地處(chu)(chu)長江(jiang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)游(you)北(bei)岸,大(da)別山余脈南(nan)麓,鄂(e)(e)東(dong)邊緣(yuan)。東(dong)與(yu)黃(huang)(huang)梅縣(xian)毗鄰,西(xi)(xi)(xi)北(bei)與(yu)蘄春接壤,西(xi)(xi)(xi)南(nan)與(yu)陽新縣(xian)隔江(jiang)相望,南(nan)與(yu)江(jiang)西(xi)(xi)(xi)省(sheng)九江(jiang)、瑞昌(chang)以長江(jiang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)界(jie)。地扼吳頭楚尾,歷來是鄂(e)(e)、皖、贛毗連地段(duan)的(de)(de)“三省(sheng)七(qi)縣(xian)通衢”。早在明代(dai)就成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)臨(lin)江(jiang)重(zhong)鎮(zhen)(zhen)。清初發展(zhan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)“商賈(jia)雜處(chu)(chu)鱗聚之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)要(yao)埠(bu)”,《煙臺(tai)條約》辟為(wei)(wei)(wei)外輪停泊港口、孫中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山先生在《建(jian)國(guo)方(fang)略》中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)列入(ru)開發計劃,民國(guo)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)期(qi)成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)湖北(bei)省(sheng)“七(qi)大(da)商埠(bu)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi),素有“入(ru)楚第一(yi)門”、“鄂(e)(e)東(dong)門戶”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)稱。如今,隨著現代(dai)化建(jian)設進程的(de)(de)快速推進,武(wu)穴處(chu)(chu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)武(wu)漢(han)8+1城市(shi)(shi)發展(zhan)圈之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)內;處(chu)(chu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)黃(huang)(huang)山、天柱山、廬山大(da)旅游(you)圈之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong);處(chu)(chu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)經濟梯度開發,承東(dong)接西(xi)(xi)(xi)過渡(du)區域之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong);是京九大(da)動(dong)脈中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)段(duan)的(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)城市(shi)(shi)。全(quan)市(shi)(shi)版圖面積1200.35平方(fang)公(gong)里,占(zhan)湖北(bei)省(sheng)總(zong)面積的(de)(de)0.65%。地勢自(zi)北(bei)向(xiang)南(nan)傾斜,北(bei)部(bu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)大(da)別山余脈,中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)部(bu)丘陵(ling)起伏、湖港交(jiao)錯,南(nan)部(bu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)帶(dai)狀長江(jiang)沖積平原(yuan)。雙低油菜常年種植面積保持在43萬畝以上,年總(zong)產量超過7.5萬噸。
四.產品(pin)品(pin)質(zhi)特性(xing)特征(zheng)
1、外在感官(guan)特征(zheng):武穴雙(shuang)(shuang)低(di)油(you)菜(cai)(cai)菜(cai)(cai)薹(tai)為油(you)菜(cai)(cai)主花序(xu),長約15-20厘米,薹(tai)粗約1-1.5厘米,色(se)澤(ze)翠綠,氣味(wei)(wei)清(qing)香(xiang),味(wei)(wei)甜,無傳統(tong)油(you)菜(cai)(cai)薹(tai)的(de)苦澀味(wei)(wei);武穴雙(shuang)(shuang)低(di)油(you)菜(cai)(cai)籽(zi)呈黑(hei)色(se)或褐(he)色(se),色(se)澤(ze)鮮亮,皮薄(bo),籽(zi)粒飽滿圓(yuan)潤,大(da)小均(jun)勻(yun)整齊,千粒重4.28克;以武穴雙(shuang)(shuang)低(di)油(you)菜(cai)(cai)籽(zi)為原料經(jing)低(di)溫壓榨加(jia)工的(de)毛(mao)油(you)呈深褐(he)色(se),有濃郁的(de)菜(cai)(cai)籽(zi)油(you)香(xiang)味(wei)(wei)。經(jing)精加(jia)工后(hou)的(de)菜(cai)(cai)籽(zi)油(you),呈淺黃色(se),油(you)色(se)清(qing)亮,氣味(wei)(wei)清(qing)香(xiang);武穴雙(shuang)(shuang)低(di)油(you)菜(cai)(cai)籽(zi)餅粕(po)呈黃色(se)、淺褐(he)色(se)碎片(pian)或粗粉狀,具菜(cai)(cai)油(you)香(xiang)味(wei)(wei),無發酵、霉變及異味(wei)(wei)。
、內在品(pin)質指標(biao):武(wu)(wu)穴雙(shuang)低油(you)菜(cai)芥酸(suan)≤5%,硫甙(dai)(dai)(餅)≤35umol/g;以(yi)武(wu)(wu)穴雙(shuang)低油(you)菜(cai)為原(yuan)料經低溫壓榨的菜(cai)籽油(you)亞油(you)酸(suan)≥60%;不(bu)飽和脂肪酸(suan)總量≥90%;其(qi)加工副產品(pin)餅粕硫甙(dai)(dai)≤35umol/g、粗蛋白≥25%。
3、質量安(an)全要(yao)求(qiu):武穴雙低油(you)菜產(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)環境、產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)質量符合NY/T391-2013《綠色食品(pin)產(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)環境技術(shu)條件(jian)》、 NY/T790-2004《雙低油(you)菜生產(chan)(chan)(chan)技術(shu)規程》的要(yao)求(qiu)。