【充(chong)電(dian)(dian)站組(zu)成(cheng)】汽車充(chong)電(dian)(dian)站設備組(zu)成(cheng)部分(fen) 充(chong)電(dian)(dian)站基(ji)礎知識

一、充電站結構原理

（1）充電站基本結構：

箱式電動汽車快速充電站由1、初級(ji)一次側(ce)充電機（為再生儲能蓄電池充電）；2、儲能蓄電池；3、次級二次側(ce)快速(su)充(chong)電(dian)機（為電(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)充(chong)電(dian)）；4、再生(sheng)蓄電池檢修機(ji)；5、計(ji)費控制系(xi)統；6、線纜配電(dian)系；7、機房(fang)組成。

（2）充電站工作原理：

平(ping)時(shi)（夜間(jian)優先）電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)通(tong)過(guo)初級(ji)一次側(ce)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機向再(zai)生蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池進(jin)行儲(chu)能充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，由(you)于儲(chu)能充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)沒有時(shi)間(jian)要求，因而(er)可用小電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)慢速(su)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)可根據蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)自動(dong)安排充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間(jian)，最(zui)大(da)程度的(de)使(shi)用夜間(jian)低谷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)。當需要為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車(che)(che)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)，根據電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車(che)(che)的(de)允許最(zui)大(da)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，通(tong)過(guo)次級(ji)二次側(ce)快(kuai)速(su)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機向電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車(che)(che)進(jin)行快(kuai)速(su)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，由(you)于充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程是(shi)從儲(chu)能蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池向電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車(che)(che)“倒電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)”，而(er)不是(shi)直(zhi)接取(qu)(qu)自電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)，因而(er)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)沒有任何干擾（如果直(zhi)接從電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)高功(gong)率取(qu)(qu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，會嚴重干擾電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)，不僅影響其他用戶，而(er)且威脅電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)設(she)備）。 充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)費用按實際(ji)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)計算(suan)，非常方便。

箱(xiang)內設(she)備采用模塊式設(she)計，配有再生(sheng)蓄電池專用維修(xiu)設(she)備。

充電站(zhan)采用第一次現場拼(pin)裝(zhuang)，之后像集裝(zhuang)箱一樣可以(yi)根據需要進行整體移動(dong)。

偏遠公路和用電無保障地域可采用太(tai)陽(yang)能和風能等(deng)形式，原理相(xiang)同。

輸入電壓：- - - - - - - - - - - - - - 交流220V ±10%（電壓范(fan)圍200V-240V）

輸出電流：- - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5A-16A(根據電池(chi)電壓自動調整）

輸出功率：- - - - - - - - - - - - - - 單路(lu)180W-500W（根據電池組電壓(ya)自動調(diao)整)

充電范圍：- - - - - - - - - - - - - - 鉛酸蓄(xu)電池（12V-24V-36V-48V-60V-64V-72V-84V)

騎行里程：- - - - - - - - - - - - - - 與(yu)電池狀(zhuang)態、氣溫、騎行(xing)路況、載重等因素有關(guan)！

投幣計數：- - - - - - - - - - - - - - 最大投(tou)幣計(ji)數顯示9999(超(chao)出自動置零重新計(ji)數）

輸出線長：- - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3.5米（含機內長度）

輸出接頭：- - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5合(he)1（圓頭、方口、反(fan)方口、澳柯瑪、萬能口）

輸入線長：- - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.8米（含機內長度）

二、充電站應用介紹

（1）公共停車場：停車場是(shi)社會充電(dian)站最佳的(de)地方(fang)(fang)之一，交(jiao)通方(fang)(fang)便、出入方(fang)(fang)便。可(ke)與停車場租用一個車位，甚至是(shi)便角落位置(zhi)即可(ke)，可(ke)以留有2個(ge)充電(dian)車(che)(che)位（由于(yu)是短(duan)時充電(dian)，甚(shen)至(zhi)都不(bu)用專用充電(dian)車(che)(che)位，按充電(dian)車(che)(che)數交(jiao)一定(ding)費用即(ji)可）。

（2）大型購物中心：此地放置充電站必然會受到購物中心歡迎，充電的人會順便購買商品（在哪里買都是買，正好利用充電的10-20分鐘購(gou)物），這樣(yang)，可(ke)與購(gou)物中心實現雙贏。

（3）可(ke)停(ting)車的(de)路邊地：城市(shi)停(ting)車越來越難(nan)，許多(duo)非主干道，都被允許用來臨時停(ting)車，由于箱式(shi)電(dian)動(dong)汽車快(kuai)速(su)充電(dian)站占用的(de)地方非常小（小于20㎡），可供箱式(shi)電(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車快速充電(dian)站放置的(de)位置非常多，并且(qie)根據需要(yao)進行隨時(shi)移動(dong)。

（4）高速路服(fu)務區(qu)：在高速路服(fu)務區(qu)設置幾(ji)座箱(xiang)式電(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車快速充電(dian)(dian)站，就(jiu)可(ke)連(lian)接周(zhou)邊(bian)城市。數量不多，但意義很大，它將(jiang)大大增加電(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車用戶的信心。

（5）居住小區(qu)：這是最貼近(jin)用(yong)戶(hu)的地方，雖然小區(qu)內可(ke)以設置許多慢(man)速充(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)，但(dan)有急事需要外出是幾(ji)乎每個人都可(ke)能遇到的事情，慢(man)速充(chong)電(dian)(dian)站必須(xu)與快速充(chong)電(dian)(dian)站結合起來才能發揮作用(yong)。

（6）單(dan)位、寫字樓(lou)(lou)等(deng)：一般單(dan)位與寫字樓(lou)(lou)都有停車(che)場地，單(dan)位購置充(chong)電(dian)(dian)站不僅(jin)可(ke)(ke)為本單(dan)位的(de)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)服務(wu)，也(ye)(ye)可(ke)(ke)為本單(dan)位員工電(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)服務(wu)，當(dang)然也(ye)(ye)可(ke)(ke)允許社會車(che)輛(liang)快速充(chong)電(dian)(dian)。

（7）特殊景區，重要(yao)國道(dao)、偏遠公(gong)路(lu)和用電(dian)無(wu)保障地(di)域擔憂須充(chong)電(dian)需求的地(di)域可采用太陽能(neng)和風能(neng)等能(neng)源(yuan)形式(shi)儲(chu)能(neng)充(chong)電(dian)。

（8）改裝部分應(ying)急充電(dian)車(che)，對因電(dian)能耗盡拋(pao)錨路邊的電(dian)動汽車(che)進(jin)行應(ying)急充電(dian)

三、電動汽車充電方法

電動汽車蓄電池放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后，用直流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)按與(yu)(yu)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)相反的(de)方向通(tong)過蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池，使它恢復工作能力(li)，這(zhe)個過程稱為蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池正極與(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源正極相聯，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池負極與(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源負極相聯，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓必須(xu)高(gao)于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)總電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動勢。充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式有(you)恒電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和恒電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)兩種(zhong)。

電動汽車(che)充電技術充電方法的研究：

常規充電制度是依據1940年前國際(ji)公認的(de)經驗法則設(she)計的(de)。其中(zhong)最著名的(de)就是“安(an)培(pei)小時規(gui)則”：充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流安(an)培(pei)數(shu)，不應超過蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池待(dai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)安(an)時數(shu)。實際(ji)上，常規(gui)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)速度被蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池在充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)過程中(zhong)的(de)溫升和氣體的(de)產生所限制。這個現象(xiang)對蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)所必須的(de)最短時間具有(you)重(zhong)要意義。

恒流充電法

恒(heng)流充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)法(fa)是用調整充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)裝置(zhi)輸出電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)或改變與蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)串聯電(dian)(dian)阻的(de)方(fang)法(fa)，保(bao)持充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流強度(du)不變的(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)方(fang)法(fa)。控(kong)制(zhi)方(fang)法(fa)簡(jian)單，但(dan)由于電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)可接受電(dian)(dian)流能力是隨著充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)過(guo)程的(de)進行而逐(zhu)漸下降(jiang)的(de)，到充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)后期，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流多(duo)用于電(dian)(dian)解水，產生氣體，使出氣過(guo)甚，因此(ci)，常選(xuan)用階段充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)法(fa)。

階段充電法

此(ci)方(fang)法包括二階段充電法和三(san)階段充電法

①二(er)(er)階段(duan)法采用(yong)恒電(dian)(dian)流(liu)和恒電(dian)(dian)壓相結合的(de)快速(su)充電(dian)(dian)方法，首先，以恒電(dian)(dian)流(liu)充電(dian)(dian)至預定的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓值，然后，改(gai)為恒電(dian)(dian)壓完成剩余的(de)充電(dian)(dian)。一般兩階段(duan)之間的(de)轉換電(dian)(dian)壓就是第(di)二(er)(er)階段(duan)的(de)恒電(dian)(dian)壓。

②三階段(duan)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)法(fa)(fa)在充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)開始和(he)結(jie)束時(shi)采用(yong)恒電(dian)(dian)流充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)，中(zhong)間用(yong)恒電(dian)(dian)壓充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)。當電(dian)(dian)流衰(shuai)減(jian)到(dao)(dao)預(yu)定值時(shi)，由第二階段(duan)轉(zhuan)換到(dao)(dao)第三階段(duan)。這種方法(fa)(fa)可以將出(chu)氣量(liang)減(jian)到(dao)(dao)最少(shao)，但作(zuo)為一種快速充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)方法(fa)(fa)使用(yong)，受到(dao)(dao)一定的限制(zhi)。

恒壓充電法

充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)源的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)在(zai)全部充(chong)電(dian)(dian)時間里保持恒(heng)定(ding)的(de)數值，隨(sui)著(zhu)(zhu)蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)端電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)逐漸升高(gao)，電(dian)(dian)流逐漸減(jian)少(shao)。與恒(heng)流充(chong)電(dian)(dian)法相比(bi)，其充(chong)電(dian)(dian)過(guo)程更(geng)接近(jin)于(yu)(yu)最佳(jia)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)曲線。用(yong)恒(heng)定(ding)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)快速充(chong)電(dian)(dian)，由(you)于(yu)(yu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)初期蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)動勢較(jiao)低，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流很大(da)，隨(sui)著(zhu)(zhu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)的(de)進行，電(dian)(dian)流將逐漸減(jian)少(shao)，因(yin)此，只需簡易控(kong)制(zhi)系統。

這種充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方法電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解水很少，避免了蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池過(guo)(guo)充(chong)(chong)。但在充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)初期電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流過(guo)(guo)大，對蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池壽命造成很大影響，且容易(yi)使蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池極板彎曲(qu)，造成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池報廢。鑒(jian)于這種缺點，恒壓充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)很少使用，只(zhi)有在充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓低(di)而電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流大時采(cai)用。例如，汽車(che)運行過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中，蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池就是以恒壓充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的。

快速充電法

①脈(mo)沖式充(chong)電(dian)法，這(zhe)種充(chong)電(dian)法不僅遵循蓄電(dian)池固有的充(chong)電(dian)接受(shou)率(lv)，而且能夠提高電(dian)動汽車蓄電(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)接受(shou)率(lv)，從而打破了蓄電(dian)池指數充(chong)電(dian)接受(shou)曲線(xian)的限制，這(zhe)也是(shi)蓄電(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)理論的新發(fa)展。

脈(mo)沖(chong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)方式首先是用(yong)脈(mo)沖(chong)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)對電(dian)(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)(dian)，然后(hou)讓電(dian)(dian)池停充(chong)一段時(shi)間(jian)(jian)，如此循(xun)環。充(chong)電(dian)(dian)脈(mo)沖(chong)使(shi)(shi)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池充(chong)滿電(dian)(dian)量，而(er)間(jian)(jian)歇期使(shi)(shi)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池經化(hua)學反應產生的(de)氧氣和氫氣有時(shi)間(jian)(jian)重新化(hua)合而(er)被吸(xi)收掉，使(shi)(shi)下一輪(lun)的(de)應恒流(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)能夠更加(jia)順利地(di)進行(xing)，使(shi)(shi)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池可(ke)以吸(xi)收更多的(de)電(dian)(dian)量。間(jian)(jian)歇脈(mo)沖(chong)使(shi)(shi)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池有較充(chong)分的(de)反應時(shi)間(jian)(jian)，減(jian)少(shao)了(le)析氣量，提高了(le)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池的(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)接受率。

②2REFLEXTM快速(su)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)法(fa)，這種技術是美國(guo)的(de)一項專利技術，它主要面對(dui)的(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)對(dui)象(xiang)是鎳(nie)鎘(ge)電(dian)(dian)池。由于它采用了新型的(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)方(fang)法(fa)，解決了鎳(nie)鎘(ge)電(dian)(dian)池的(de)記憶效應，因此，大(da)大(da)降(jiang)低了蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池的(de)快速(su)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)的(de)時間(jian)。鉛酸(suan)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池的(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)方(fang)法(fa)和對(dui)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)狀態的(de)檢測(ce)方(fang)法(fa)與鎳(nie)鎘(ge)電(dian)(dian)池有很(hen)大(da)的(de)不同，但它們之間(jian)可以相互借REFLEXTM充(chong)電法的一個工作(zuo)周期包括正向(xiang)充(chong)電脈沖(chong)，反向(xiang)瞬間(jian)放電脈沖(chong)，停充(chong)維持3個階段(duan)。

③變電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)間(jian)歇(xie)(xie)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)，這種充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方法(fa)建立(li)在恒流(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和脈(mo)沖充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)基礎上。其特點(dian)是將恒流(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)段(duan)改為(wei)限壓變電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)間(jian)歇(xie)(xie)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)段(duan)。充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)前期的(de)各(ge)段(duan)采(cai)用變電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)間(jian)歇(xie)(xie)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)方法(fa)，保證加(jia)大充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)，獲(huo)(huo)得絕大部分充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)。充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后期采(cai)用定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)段(duan)，獲(huo)(huo)得過充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)，將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池恢復至完全(quan)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)態。通過間(jian)歇(xie)(xie)停(ting)充(chong)(chong)(chong)，使蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池經化(hua)學反應產生的(de)氧氣和氫氣有時間(jian)重新(xin)化(hua)合(he)而被吸收(shou)掉，使下一(yi)輪(lun)的(de)恒流(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能夠更(geng)加(jia)順利(li)地進(jin)行，使蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池可以吸收(shou)更(geng)多的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)。

④變(bian)電(dian)壓(ya)間(jian)(jian)歇(xie)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)法(fa)(fa)，在(zai)變(bian)電(dian)流(liu)間(jian)(jian)歇(xie)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)法(fa)(fa)的基礎上(shang)又有(you)人提出了變(bian)電(dian)壓(ya)間(jian)(jian)歇(xie)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)法(fa)(fa)。與變(bian)電(dian)流(liu)間(jian)(jian)歇(xie)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)方法(fa)(fa)不(bu)同之處在(zai)于第一階(jie)(jie)段的不(bu)是(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)歇(xie)恒(heng)流(liu)，而是(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)歇(xie)恒(heng)壓(ya)。在(zai)每個恒(heng)電(dian)壓(ya)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)階(jie)(jie)段，由于是(shi)(shi)恒(heng)壓(ya)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流(liu)自然按照指數規(gui)律下降(jiang)，符合電(dian)池電(dian)流(liu)可接受率(lv)隨(sui)著充(chong)(chong)電(dian)的進行逐(zhu)漸下降(jiang)的特(te)點。

⑤變電壓變電流波浪式間歇正負零脈沖快速充電法，合脈沖充電法、ReflexTM快速充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)法、變電(dian)(dian)流間(jian)(jian)歇充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)法及(ji)變電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)間(jian)(jian)歇充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)法的(de)優(you)點，變電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)變電(dian)(dian)流波浪式正負零脈沖(chong)間(jian)(jian)歇快速充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)法得到發(fa)展(zhan)應用(yong)。脈沖(chong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)法充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)的(de)控制一(yi)般有兩種：

1）脈沖電流的幅(fu)值(zhi)可變，而PWM（驅動充放(fang)電開關管(guan)）信號的(de)頻率是固定的(de)；

2）脈沖電流幅(fu)值(zhi)固定不變，PWM信號的頻率可(ke)調。

脈沖電流幅值和PWM信號的頻(pin)率均固定，PWM占空比可調，在此基礎上加入間歇停充(chong)階段，能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)在較短的(de)時間內充(chong)進更多的(de)電量，提高蓄電池的(de)充(chong)電接受能(neng)(neng)力。