【充電站(zhan)組成】汽車充電站(zhan)設備組成部(bu)分 充電站(zhan)基礎知識

一、充電站結構原理

（1）充電站基本結構：

箱式電動汽車快速充電站由1、初級一(yi)次側充電機（為再生儲能蓄電池充電）；2、儲能蓄電池(chi)；3、次級二(er)次側(ce)快(kuai)速充電機(ji)（為(wei)電動汽車(che)充電）；4、再生蓄電池檢(jian)修機；5、計費控(kong)制系統(tong)；6、線(xian)纜(lan)配電系；7、機房(fang)組成。

（2）充電站工作原理：

平時(shi)（夜間(jian)(jian)優先）電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)通(tong)過初級一次側充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機向(xiang)(xiang)再生蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池進行(xing)儲能(neng)(neng)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，由(you)(you)于儲能(neng)(neng)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)沒有(you)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)要求，因而(er)可(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)小電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流慢(man)速(su)(su)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流可(ke)(ke)根據(ju)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量自動安(an)排充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)，最(zui)大程度的使用(yong)(yong)夜間(jian)(jian)低(di)谷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)。當需要為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽(qi)(qi)車充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)，根據(ju)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽(qi)(qi)車的允許最(zui)大充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，通(tong)過次級二次側快速(su)(su)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機向(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽(qi)(qi)車進行(xing)快速(su)(su)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，由(you)(you)于充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程是(shi)從儲能(neng)(neng)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池向(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽(qi)(qi)車“倒電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)”，而(er)不是(shi)直(zhi)接(jie)取自電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)，因而(er)對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)沒有(you)任何干擾（如(ru)果直(zhi)接(jie)從電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)高(gao)功率取電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，會(hui)嚴(yan)重干擾電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)，不僅影響(xiang)其他用(yong)(yong)戶，而(er)且威脅電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)設備）。 充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)費用(yong)(yong)按實際充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量計算(suan)，非常(chang)方便(bian)。

箱內設備采用(yong)模塊式設計，配有再生蓄電池專用(yong)維修設備。

充電站采(cai)用第一次現場拼裝，之后(hou)像集裝箱一樣可以根據(ju)需要進行整體移動(dong)。

偏遠公路和用電無(wu)保障地域可采(cai)用太陽能(neng)和風能(neng)等形(xing)式，原理相(xiang)同。

輸入電壓：- - - - - - - - - - - - - - 交(jiao)流220V ±10%（電(dian)壓范圍200V-240V）

輸出電流：- - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5A-16A(根(gen)據電池電壓自動調整(zheng)）

輸出功率：- - - - - - - - - - - - - - 單路180W-500W（根據電(dian)池組電(dian)壓自(zi)動調整)

充電范圍：- - - - - - - - - - - - - - 鉛酸蓄電池（12V-24V-36V-48V-60V-64V-72V-84V)

騎行里程：- - - - - - - - - - - - - - 與電池狀態、氣溫(wen)、騎(qi)行路況、載重等(deng)因素有關！

投幣計數：- - - - - - - - - - - - - - 最大投(tou)幣計數顯示9999(超出自動置零重(zhong)新計數(shu)）

輸出線長：- - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3.5米（含(han)機(ji)內長度(du)）

輸出接頭：- - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5合1（圓頭、方口、反方口、澳柯瑪、萬能口）

輸入線長：- - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.8米（含機(ji)內長度）

二、充電站應用介紹

（1）公(gong)共(gong)停車(che)場：停車(che)場是社會充(chong)電站(zhan)最(zui)佳的地方(fang)(fang)之一，交通方(fang)(fang)便(bian)、出入(ru)方(fang)(fang)便(bian)。可(ke)(ke)與(yu)停車(che)場租用一個車(che)位，甚至是便(bian)角落(luo)位置即可(ke)(ke)，可(ke)(ke)以(yi)留(liu)有2個充電(dian)車(che)(che)位(wei)（由于是短時充電(dian)，甚至(zhi)都不用專用充電(dian)車(che)(che)位(wei)，按(an)充電(dian)車(che)(che)數交一(yi)定費用即可）。

（2）大型購物中心：此地放置充電站必然會受到購物中心歡迎，充電的人會順便購買商品（在哪里買都是買，正好利用充電的10-20分鐘(zhong)購物(wu)），這樣，可與購物(wu)中(zhong)心實現雙贏。

（3）可停車(che)的(de)路邊地：城市停車(che)越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)難，許(xu)多非主干道，都被允許(xu)用來(lai)臨(lin)時停車(che)，由于箱式(shi)電動汽(qi)車(che)快速(su)充電站占用的(de)地方非常小（小于20㎡），可供箱式電動汽車快速充電站放(fang)置的位置非常(chang)多，并且根(gen)據(ju)需要進(jin)行隨時(shi)移動。

（4）高速路服務(wu)區(qu)：在高速路服務(wu)區(qu)設(she)置幾(ji)座(zuo)箱式(shi)電動(dong)汽車快速充電站(zhan)，就可(ke)連接周邊城市。數量不多(duo)，但意義(yi)很大(da)，它將大(da)大(da)增(zeng)加電動(dong)汽車用戶的信(xin)心(xin)。

（5）居住小(xiao)區(qu)：這是最貼近(jin)用戶的地(di)方，雖然小(xiao)區(qu)內(nei)可(ke)以設置許多慢速充電樁，但有(you)急事需(xu)要(yao)外出是幾(ji)乎每個(ge)人都可(ke)能遇(yu)到的事情，慢速充電站(zhan)必須(xu)與快(kuai)速充電站(zhan)結合起來才能發揮作用。

（6）單位(wei)、寫字(zi)樓(lou)等：一(yi)般單位(wei)與寫字(zi)樓(lou)都有停車場地(di)，單位(wei)購置充電站(zhan)不僅可為(wei)(wei)本單位(wei)的電動汽車服務，也(ye)可為(wei)(wei)本單位(wei)員(yuan)工電動汽車服務，當然也(ye)可允許(xu)社會車輛快速充電。

（7）特(te)殊景區，重要(yao)國道、偏遠公路和用(yong)電無保障地域擔憂須充電需求(qiu)的地域可(ke)采用(yong)太陽(yang)能(neng)和風能(neng)等能(neng)源形式(shi)儲能(neng)充電。

（8）改裝(zhuang)部分應急(ji)充電(dian)車(che)，對(dui)因(yin)電(dian)能(neng)耗盡拋錨(mao)路(lu)邊的電(dian)動汽(qi)車(che)進行(xing)應急(ji)充電(dian)

三、電動汽車充電方法

電動汽車蓄電池放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后，用直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)按與(yu)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)相(xiang)(xiang)反的(de)方向通過蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，使它恢(hui)復工作能力(li)，這(zhe)個過程(cheng)稱為蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)正極與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)正極相(xiang)(xiang)聯，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)負極與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)負極相(xiang)(xiang)聯，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)必須高于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)總(zong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動勢(shi)。充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式有恒電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)恒電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)兩種。

電(dian)動汽車充電(dian)技術充電(dian)方法(fa)的研究：

常規充電制度是依據1940年前(qian)國(guo)際公認的(de)(de)經(jing)驗法則設計(ji)的(de)(de)。其中(zhong)(zhong)最著名的(de)(de)就是“安培小時規則”：充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)安培數，不(bu)應(ying)超過(guo)蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)待充電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)安時數。實(shi)際上，常規充電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)速度被(bei)蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)在(zai)充電(dian)(dian)過(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)溫升和(he)氣(qi)體的(de)(de)產生所(suo)限制。這個現象(xiang)對蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)(dian)所(suo)必(bi)須的(de)(de)最短時間具有(you)重要意義(yi)。

恒流充電法

恒(heng)流充(chong)電(dian)(dian)法(fa)是用(yong)(yong)調(diao)整充(chong)電(dian)(dian)裝置輸出電(dian)(dian)壓或改(gai)變與蓄電(dian)(dian)池串聯電(dian)(dian)阻的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)法(fa)，保持充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流強度不(bu)變的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)方(fang)法(fa)。控制(zhi)方(fang)法(fa)簡單，但由(you)于電(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)(de)可接(jie)受(shou)電(dian)(dian)流能力是隨(sui)著(zhu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)過程的(de)(de)(de)進行而逐漸下降(jiang)的(de)(de)(de)，到充(chong)電(dian)(dian)后期，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流多(duo)用(yong)(yong)于電(dian)(dian)解水，產(chan)生氣體，使出氣過甚(shen)，因此，常選用(yong)(yong)階段(duan)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)法(fa)。

階段充電法

此方法(fa)包括二階段充(chong)電法(fa)和三階段充(chong)電法(fa)

①二階段(duan)法(fa)采用恒電(dian)(dian)流和恒電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)相結(jie)合的快速充(chong)電(dian)(dian)方(fang)法(fa)，首(shou)先，以恒電(dian)(dian)流充(chong)電(dian)(dian)至預定(ding)的電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)值，然后(hou)，改為(wei)恒電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)完成剩(sheng)余的充(chong)電(dian)(dian)。一般兩階段(duan)之間的轉(zhuan)換電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)就是第二階段(duan)的恒電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)。

②三階段(duan)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)法(fa)(fa)在(zai)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)開(kai)始和(he)結束時采(cai)用恒(heng)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)，中間用恒(heng)電(dian)壓充(chong)(chong)電(dian)。當電(dian)流(liu)(liu)衰(shuai)減到(dao)(dao)預定值時，由第(di)二階段(duan)轉換到(dao)(dao)第(di)三階段(duan)。這種方法(fa)(fa)可以將(jiang)出氣(qi)量減到(dao)(dao)最少，但(dan)作為一(yi)種快速(su)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)方法(fa)(fa)使用，受到(dao)(dao)一(yi)定的限(xian)制。

恒壓充電法

充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓在(zai)全(quan)部充(chong)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)間(jian)里保持恒定的(de)數值(zhi)，隨著(zhu)蓄電(dian)(dian)池端電(dian)(dian)壓的(de)逐(zhu)(zhu)漸(jian)升高，電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)逐(zhu)(zhu)漸(jian)減(jian)少(shao)。與(yu)恒流(liu)(liu)(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)法相比(bi)，其充(chong)電(dian)(dian)過程(cheng)更接近于最佳(jia)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)曲線。用恒定電(dian)(dian)壓快速充(chong)電(dian)(dian)，由于充(chong)電(dian)(dian)初期蓄電(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)動勢(shi)較低，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)很大，隨著(zhu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)的(de)進行，電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)將逐(zhu)(zhu)漸(jian)減(jian)少(shao)，因此，只需簡易控制系統。

這種充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方法電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解水(shui)很少，避免了(le)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)過(guo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)。但(dan)在充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)初期電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流過(guo)大(da)(da)，對蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)壽命(ming)造成(cheng)很大(da)(da)影響，且容易使蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)極(ji)板彎曲，造成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)報廢。鑒于這種缺點，恒壓充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)很少使用，只有在充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓低而電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流大(da)(da)時(shi)采用。例如，汽(qi)車運行過(guo)程(cheng)中，蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)就(jiu)是以恒壓充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的。

快速充電法

①脈沖式充(chong)電(dian)(dian)法，這種充(chong)電(dian)(dian)法不僅遵循蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)固有的(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)接受(shou)率，而且能夠提高電(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)接受(shou)率，從而打破了蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)指(zhi)數(shu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)接受(shou)曲線的(de)(de)限制，這也是(shi)蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)理論(lun)的(de)(de)新發展。

脈(mo)(mo)沖充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)方式首先是用脈(mo)(mo)沖電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，然后讓(rang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)停充(chong)一段(duan)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)，如(ru)此循環。充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)脈(mo)(mo)沖使(shi)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)滿電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)，而間(jian)(jian)歇期(qi)使(shi)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)經(jing)化學反(fan)應(ying)(ying)產生的氧(yang)氣和氫氣有時(shi)間(jian)(jian)重新(xin)化合而被吸收掉，使(shi)下一輪的應(ying)(ying)恒流(liu)(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)夠更加(jia)順利(li)地進行，使(shi)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)可以吸收更多的電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)。間(jian)(jian)歇脈(mo)(mo)沖使(shi)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)有較(jiao)充(chong)分(fen)的反(fan)應(ying)(ying)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)，減少了(le)析氣量(liang)，提高了(le)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)接受率(lv)。

②2REFLEXTM快速充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)，這種技(ji)術(shu)是美國的(de)一項(xiang)專利技(ji)術(shu)，它(ta)主(zhu)要面對的(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)對象是鎳鎘(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池。由于(yu)它(ta)采(cai)用(yong)了(le)(le)新型的(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)方法(fa)，解決了(le)(le)鎳鎘(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)記憶(yi)效(xiao)應，因此(ci)，大(da)大(da)降低了(le)(le)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)快速充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)時間。鉛酸蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)方法(fa)和(he)對充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態(tai)的(de)檢測方法(fa)與鎳鎘(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池有很大(da)的(de)不同(tong)，但它(ta)們之間可以相互借(jie)REFLEXTM充(chong)(chong)電(dian)法的一個(ge)工作周期包括正向充(chong)(chong)電(dian)脈(mo)沖，反向瞬間(jian)放(fang)電(dian)脈(mo)沖，停充(chong)(chong)維持3個階段。

③變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)間(jian)歇(xie)(xie)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)，這種(zhong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)法(fa)建立(li)在恒(heng)流(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)脈(mo)沖充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)基礎上。其特點是將恒(heng)流(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)段改為限壓(ya)變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)間(jian)歇(xie)(xie)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)段。充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)前期的(de)(de)(de)各段采用變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)間(jian)歇(xie)(xie)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)法(fa)，保證加(jia)大(da)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，獲得(de)絕大(da)部(bu)分充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量。充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)后期采用定電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)段，獲得(de)過(guo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量，將電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)恢復至完全(quan)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)態。通過(guo)間(jian)歇(xie)(xie)停充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)，使蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)經化(hua)學反應產生的(de)(de)(de)氧氣和(he)氫(qing)氣有時間(jian)重(zhong)新化(hua)合(he)而(er)被吸收掉(diao)，使下一輪的(de)(de)(de)恒(heng)流(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能夠更加(jia)順利地(di)進行，使蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)可以吸收更多的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量。

④變電壓間(jian)歇(xie)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電法(fa)，在變電流(liu)間(jian)歇(xie)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電法(fa)的(de)(de)基(ji)礎上又有人提出了變電壓間(jian)歇(xie)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電法(fa)。與(yu)變電流(liu)間(jian)歇(xie)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電方法(fa)不同之(zhi)處在于(yu)第(di)一(yi)階段的(de)(de)不是(shi)(shi)間(jian)歇(xie)恒流(liu)，而是(shi)(shi)間(jian)歇(xie)恒壓。在每(mei)個(ge)恒電壓充(chong)(chong)(chong)電階段，由于(yu)是(shi)(shi)恒壓充(chong)(chong)(chong)電，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電電流(liu)自然按照(zhao)指數規律下降，符合電池電流(liu)可(ke)接(jie)受率隨著充(chong)(chong)(chong)電的(de)(de)進行(xing)逐漸下降的(de)(de)特(te)點。

⑤變電壓變電流波浪式間歇正負零脈沖快速充電法，合脈沖充電法、ReflexTM快速(su)充電(dian)法(fa)、變電(dian)流(liu)間(jian)歇充電(dian)法(fa)及變電(dian)壓(ya)間(jian)歇充電(dian)法(fa)的(de)優點，變電(dian)壓(ya)變電(dian)流(liu)波(bo)浪式正(zheng)負零(ling)脈沖間(jian)歇快速(su)充電(dian)法(fa)得到發(fa)展應用。脈沖充電(dian)法(fa)充電(dian)電(dian)路的(de)控制一般有(you)兩種：

1）脈沖電流的幅值(zhi)可變，而PWM（驅動充放電開關管）信號的頻率是固定的；

2）脈沖(chong)電流幅值固定不(bu)變，PWM信(xin)號的頻率可調(diao)。

脈沖電流幅值和PWM信號的(de)頻(pin)率均固定，PWM占空(kong)比可調，在此(ci)基礎上加入間(jian)歇(xie)停充階段，能夠在較短的時間(jian)內(nei)充進更多的電量，提高蓄(xu)電池的充電接受能力。