一、生物科技的發展歷史介紹
生(sheng)物(wu)科技(ji)發展(zhan)經歷了從(cong)傳統(tong)(tong)生(sheng)物(wu)科技(ji)到現代(dai)生(sheng)物(wu)科技(ji)的發展(zhan)過程。傳統(tong)(tong)生(sheng)物(wu)科技(ji)應用(yong)(yong)可追溯(su)至遠古(gu)時代(dai),其在微生(sheng)物(wu)釀(niang)造、輕工、食品、制藥等領域得(de)到廣泛應用(yong)(yong),在國(guo)民經濟中占(zhan)有重要(yao)地位。
在20世紀70年代初期,以重組脫氧核糖核酸(DNA)技術和雜交瘤技術為標志,我國生物科技的發(fa)展進入了(le)一個新的階段(duan)——現代(dai)生物科(ke)技(modern biotechnology)階段(duan)。
具體(ti)而言(yan),現代(dai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)科(ke)(ke)技是以現代(dai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)命科(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)為基(ji)(ji)礎,以DNA重組(zu)技術(shu)為核心(xin),結合工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)技術(shu)手段和其(qi)他基(ji)(ji)礎學(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)的(de)科(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)原理,按(an)照預(yu)先設計改(gai)造生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)體(ti)或加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)原料(liao),為人類生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)出所需產(chan)品(pin)或達(da)到某種(zhong)目的(de),多學(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)相互(hu)滲透的(de)高技術(shu)綜合體(ti)系。包括:基(ji)(ji)因工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、細胞工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、酶工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、微(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)化工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)和作為第(di)二代(dai)基(ji)(ji)因工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)蛋(dan)白質工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。其(qi)中的(de)核心(xin)技術(shu)就是基(ji)(ji)因工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),在(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)疫苗、藥物(wu),培育(yu)動植物(wu)新品(pin)種(zhong)和改(gai)良食品(pin)、環(huan)保、能(neng)源領域生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)菌種(zhong)中都有廣(guang)泛應(ying)用。
二、生物科技發展前景如何
生(sheng)物科技當今生(sheng)物醫(yi)學(xue)科研(yan)的(de)前沿和熱點,在世(shi)界范圍內(nei)發展日新月異,成為(wei)最具有轉化前景的(de)研(yan)究領域(yu)之(zhi)一(yi),同時,在該領域(yu)國(guo)際競爭(zheng)也日趨(qu)激(ji)烈,已(yi)經成為(wei)了衡(heng)量(liang)一(yi)個(ge)國(guo)家生(sheng)命科學(xue)與醫(yi)學(xue)發展水平(ping)的(de)重要標志。
為深入貫(guan)徹國家(jia)創(chuang)新驅動(dong)發展戰(zhan)略和(he)健(jian)康(kang)中(zhong)國戰(zhan)略,進(jin)一步推動(dong)我國生(sheng)物(wu)技(ji)術創(chuang)新發展,在(zai)成(cheng)都舉辦的2021中(zhong)國生(sheng)物(wu)技(ji)術創(chuang)新大會(hui)(以下簡稱(cheng)大會(hui)),由中(zhong)國生(sheng)物(wu)技(ji)術發展中(zhong)心和(he)成(cheng)都市人民政府(fu)共(gong)同主辦、成(cheng)都高新技(ji)術產業(ye)開發區管理委員會(hui)承辦。
大(da)會(hui)(hui)將圍繞“科技(ji)(ji)自(zi)立自(zi)強,促(cu)進人(ren)民健康”主題(ti)(ti),聚焦政(zheng)策(ce)、技(ji)(ji)術和產業(ye)(ye)、基(ji)地(di)平臺和人(ren)才、資本、科技(ji)(ji)成果轉(zhuan)化(hua)5大(da)主要版塊(kuai),通過主題(ti)(ti)報告、專題(ti)(ti)分(fen)會(hui)(hui)、閉(bi)門(men)研討會(hui)(hui)、成果展(zhan)示等形式,全面展(zhan)示生(sheng)物技(ji)(ji)術領域最(zui)新(xin)進展(zhan),深入探討生(sheng)物技(ji)(ji)術創新(xin)及產業(ye)(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)趨勢,共同謀劃“十四五(wu)”生(sheng)物技(ji)(ji)術發(fa)展(zhan)路(lu)徑,推動中國生(sheng)物技(ji)(ji)術創新(xin)與發(fa)展(zhan)。
綜上,生物科(ke)技行(xing)業是(shi)極(ji)具發展潛力(li)的。