一、橋梁建設造價怎么算

橋梁建(jian)設前期需要計算好橋梁工(gong)程(cheng)的(de)造價，一般情況下，橋梁建(jian)設的(de)工(gong)程(cheng)量包括主體、輔(fu)助、臨時三部(bu)分，這些部(bu)分的(de)費用相加就可以得到(dao)橋梁建(jian)設工(gong)程(cheng)造價：

1、主體費用

橋(qiao)梁(liang)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量包括上(shang)部(bu)及橋(qiao)面工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、下部(bu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)及基礎(chu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)等(deng)。橋(qiao)梁(liang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)結構(gou)(gou)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)圖(tu)確定后(hou)，根據圖(tu)紙確定主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量定額，然(ran)后(hou)套用各部(bu)分的單位(wei)計價(jia)費用，得出主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)結構(gou)(gou)建設費，如人工(gong)(gong)(gong)費、材料費、機械費、管理費、規費、稅金、利(li)潤(run)等(deng)。為保證主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)結構(gou)(gou)造價(jia)精確，造價(jia)人員要具備專(zhuan)業的識(shi)圖(tu)能(neng)力，能(neng)夠(gou)基于施工(gong)(gong)(gong)設計圖(tu)進行主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)結構(gou)(gou)造價(jia)編制，得到準確可靠的計算(suan)結果。

2、輔助工程費用

輔助工(gong)(gong)程通常是為(wei)了保證工(gong)(gong)程施工(gong)(gong)順利實(shi)施而進(jin)行的施工(gong)(gong)，包括工(gong)(gong)作平(ping)臺、排水系統、循環系統、護筒系統、吊裝(zhuang)裝(zhuang)置、提升模架、施工(gong)(gong)電梯、混凝土拌(ban)和站、鋼便(bian)橋設(she)(she)置等(deng)。其建設(she)(she)費用計(ji)算也(ye)要充分結合(he)施工(gong)(gong)設(she)(she)計(ji)圖，使工(gong)(gong)程量計(ji)算、定(ding)額確定(ding)等(deng)都符合(he)工(gong)(gong)程合(he)同(tong)、招投標文件及施工(gong)(gong)要求等(deng)。

3、臨時工程費用

臨(lin)時工程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量和輔(fu)助工程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量一樣，通(tong)(tong)常不會出現在(zai)橋(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)工程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)數(shu)量清單中，但(dan)它們確(que)實(shi)是橋(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)工程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)工過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中產(chan)生的費(fei)用，不能(neng)忽略不計(ji)，否則將降(jiang)低橋(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)工程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)概預算(suan)編(bian)制的精確(que)性。橋(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)工程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)工中的臨(lin)時工程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)主要包括電力線(xian)路、通(tong)(tong)訊線(xian)路、軌道、場地硬化(hua)等(deng)部(bu)分(fen)。結(jie)合(he)橋(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)工程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)實(shi)際和以往工作經驗，對這些(xie)臨(lin)時工程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量進行(xing)計(ji)算(suan)，準確(que)確(que)定臨(lin)時工程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量，以保(bao)證臨(lin)時費(fei)用計(ji)算(suan)準確(que)。

二、路橋建設的利潤有多大

建筑界廣泛(fan)流傳著這樣一(yi)句(ju)話(hua)，叫(jiao)“金橋(qiao)銀路銅建筑”，由此可(ke)見橋(qiao)梁建設(she)的利潤(run)還是比較可(ke)觀的。

一般來說，路橋建設正常利(li)潤大概(gai)在15%左右，當然，能不能賺錢(qian)，能賺多少錢(qian)，這要看(kan)是(shi)(shi)做總(zong)包還是(shi)(shi)分(fen)包，亦或是(shi)(shi)勞(lao)務分(fen)包。每(mei)種承(cheng)包方(fang)式(shi)決(jue)定了賺錢(qian)的(de)難(nan)易程度(du)，這里邊總(zong)包是(shi)(shi)最(zui)賺錢(qian)的(de)。一般道路工程在驗收完畢后，會扣(kou)除一部(bu)分(fen)的(de)質量保證金，做得離(li)譜會只給你成本(ben)款，利(li)潤分(fen)幾年給你，所以(yi)做工程之前最(zui)好能看(kan)看(kan)合同(tong)。

很大程度上，搞路橋建設的掙錢主要(yao)渠道就是材料價格差，利用信(xin)息不透明度進行操作。總(zong)(zong)體(ti)而(er)言(yan)，路(lu)橋建設屬于非(fei)民用建筑業，門檻很(hen)高，總(zong)(zong)包以上單(dan)位和一線(xian)分(fen)包商之(zhi)間信(xin)息不透明程(cheng)度很(hen)大(da)，一線(xian)分(fen)包商經驗深淺之(zhi)間的區別也非(fei)常(chang)巨(ju)大(da)。同(tong)(tong)一個(ge)項目，同(tong)(tong)樣的合同(tong)(tong)價，不同(tong)(tong)的分(fen)包商，有(you)的可能(neng)賺20個(ge)點，有(you)的可能(neng)虧(kui)5個(ge)點。