一、橋梁建設造價怎么算

橋(qiao)(qiao)梁建設(she)前期需要(yao)計算好橋(qiao)(qiao)梁工(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)造價(jia)，一般情(qing)況下，橋(qiao)(qiao)梁建設(she)的(de)(de)工(gong)程(cheng)量包括主(zhu)體、輔助、臨時三部分，這(zhe)些部分的(de)(de)費(fei)用相加就可以得到(dao)橋(qiao)(qiao)梁建設(she)工(gong)程(cheng)造價(jia)：

1、主體費用

橋(qiao)梁(liang)主體(ti)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)量包括上部及橋(qiao)面(mian)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)、下部工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)及基礎工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)等(deng)。橋(qiao)梁(liang)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)主體(ti)結(jie)構(gou)施工(gong)(gong)圖(tu)確定后，根據圖(tu)紙確定主體(ti)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)量定額，然(ran)后套用各部分的單位計(ji)價(jia)費(fei)用，得(de)出主體(ti)結(jie)構(gou)建(jian)設(she)(she)費(fei)，如人工(gong)(gong)費(fei)、材(cai)料費(fei)、機械費(fei)、管理(li)費(fei)、規費(fei)、稅金、利潤等(deng)。為保證主體(ti)結(jie)構(gou)造(zao)價(jia)精(jing)確，造(zao)價(jia)人員(yuan)要具備專業的識(shi)圖(tu)能(neng)力(li)，能(neng)夠基于施工(gong)(gong)設(she)(she)計(ji)圖(tu)進行主體(ti)結(jie)構(gou)造(zao)價(jia)編(bian)制(zhi)，得(de)到(dao)準(zhun)確可靠的計(ji)算(suan)結(jie)果。

2、輔助工程費用

輔助工(gong)(gong)程通常是為了保證工(gong)(gong)程施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)順利實施(shi)(shi)而進行(xing)的施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)，包括工(gong)(gong)作平臺(tai)、排水系(xi)統、循環系(xi)統、護筒(tong)系(xi)統、吊裝(zhuang)裝(zhuang)置、提升模架、施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)電梯、混凝土拌(ban)和站、鋼便(bian)橋設置等。其(qi)建設費用計算(suan)也要充分結合(he)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)設計圖(tu)，使工(gong)(gong)程量(liang)計算(suan)、定額確定等都符合(he)工(gong)(gong)程合(he)同、招(zhao)投標文件及施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)要求等。

3、臨時工程費用

臨(lin)時(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)和(he)輔助工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)一(yi)樣，通常不會出現在(zai)橋梁(liang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)數量(liang)清單(dan)中，但它們確(que)實是橋梁(liang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中產生的費用(yong)，不能忽略(lve)不計(ji)，否則將降低橋梁(liang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)概預算(suan)(suan)編制的精確(que)性。橋梁(liang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中的臨(lin)時(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)主要包括(kuo)電力線路、通訊線路、軌道、場地(di)硬化等部(bu)分。結(jie)合橋梁(liang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)實際和(he)以(yi)往工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作經驗(yan)，對(dui)這些臨(lin)時(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)進行(xing)計(ji)算(suan)(suan)，準(zhun)確(que)確(que)定臨(lin)時(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)，以(yi)保證臨(lin)時(shi)費用(yong)計(ji)算(suan)(suan)準(zhun)確(que)。

二、路橋建設的利潤有多大

建(jian)筑(zhu)界廣(guang)泛流傳著(zhu)這(zhe)樣一(yi)句話，叫(jiao)“金橋銀路銅建(jian)筑(zhu)”，由此可(ke)見(jian)橋梁建(jian)設的(de)利(li)潤還(huan)是比(bi)較可(ke)觀的(de)。

一般(ban)來(lai)說(shuo)，路橋(qiao)建設(she)正常利潤(run)大概在15%左右，當然，能(neng)不能(neng)賺(zhuan)(zhuan)錢(qian)，能(neng)賺(zhuan)(zhuan)多少(shao)錢(qian)，這(zhe)要看是(shi)做(zuo)總包(bao)(bao)還(huan)是(shi)分(fen)(fen)包(bao)(bao)，亦或(huo)是(shi)勞務分(fen)(fen)包(bao)(bao)。每種承包(bao)(bao)方(fang)式決定了賺(zhuan)(zhuan)錢(qian)的(de)難易程(cheng)(cheng)度，這(zhe)里邊(bian)總包(bao)(bao)是(shi)最(zui)賺(zhuan)(zhuan)錢(qian)的(de)。一般(ban)道路工程(cheng)(cheng)在驗收完畢后，會扣除一部分(fen)(fen)的(de)質量(liang)保證金，做(zuo)得離譜會只給你(ni)成本款，利潤(run)分(fen)(fen)幾年(nian)給你(ni)，所以做(zuo)工程(cheng)(cheng)之前(qian)最(zui)好能(neng)看看合同。

很大程度上，搞路橋建設的(de)掙(zheng)錢主(zhu)要渠道就是材料價格(ge)差，利用(yong)信息(xi)不透明(ming)(ming)度(du)(du)進行操作。總體而言，路橋建設屬于(yu)非民用(yong)建筑業，門(men)檻很(hen)高，總包以上單位和一(yi)線分(fen)(fen)包商之間信息(xi)不透明(ming)(ming)程度(du)(du)很(hen)大，一(yi)線分(fen)(fen)包商經驗深淺之間的(de)區別也非常巨大。同一(yi)個項目(mu)，同樣的(de)合(he)同價，不同的(de)分(fen)(fen)包商，有(you)的(de)可(ke)能(neng)賺20個點(dian)，有(you)的(de)可(ke)能(neng)虧5個點(dian)。