一、橋梁建設造價怎么算

橋梁(liang)建(jian)(jian)設(she)前期(qi)需要計算好(hao)橋梁(liang)工(gong)程(cheng)的造價(jia)(jia)，一(yi)般情況下，橋梁(liang)建(jian)(jian)設(she)的工(gong)程(cheng)量(liang)包括主體(ti)、輔助(zhu)、臨時(shi)三部(bu)分，這些部(bu)分的費(fei)用相加就可以得到(dao)橋梁(liang)建(jian)(jian)設(she)工(gong)程(cheng)造價(jia)(jia)：

1、主體費用

橋梁(liang)主體(ti)(ti)工(gong)(gong)程量包括(kuo)上(shang)部(bu)及橋面工(gong)(gong)程、下部(bu)工(gong)(gong)程及基(ji)礎工(gong)(gong)程等(deng)。橋梁(liang)工(gong)(gong)程主體(ti)(ti)結構(gou)施工(gong)(gong)圖確(que)定后(hou)，根(gen)據(ju)圖紙確(que)定主體(ti)(ti)工(gong)(gong)程量定額，然后(hou)套(tao)用(yong)(yong)各部(bu)分的(de)單位計(ji)價費用(yong)(yong)，得出主體(ti)(ti)結構(gou)建設費，如人工(gong)(gong)費、材料費、機械(xie)費、管理費、規費、稅金(jin)、利潤等(deng)。為保證(zheng)主體(ti)(ti)結構(gou)造價精確(que)，造價人員要(yao)具備(bei)專(zhuan)業的(de)識圖能(neng)力(li)，能(neng)夠基(ji)于施工(gong)(gong)設計(ji)圖進行主體(ti)(ti)結構(gou)造價編制(zhi)，得到準確(que)可靠的(de)計(ji)算結果。

2、輔助工程費用

輔助工(gong)程(cheng)通常(chang)是為了(le)保證工(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)順利實(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)而(er)進行的施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)，包括工(gong)作平臺、排水(shui)系統、循環系統、護筒系統、吊裝裝置(zhi)、提升模架、施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)電梯、混(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)拌和(he)站、鋼便(bian)橋設(she)置(zhi)等(deng)。其建設(she)費用計算(suan)也要充分結合(he)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)設(she)計圖，使工(gong)程(cheng)量計算(suan)、定額(e)確定等(deng)都符合(he)工(gong)程(cheng)合(he)同、招投標(biao)文件及施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)要求等(deng)。

3、臨時工程費用

臨(lin)時(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量和(he)輔(fu)助工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量一樣，通(tong)常不會出現在橋(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)(liang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)數量清(qing)單中，但它(ta)們確(que)(que)實(shi)是橋(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)(liang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中產生的費(fei)用，不能忽略不計(ji)，否則將降低(di)橋(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)(liang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)概預算編制的精確(que)(que)性。橋(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)(liang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)中的臨(lin)時(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)主(zhu)要包括電力線路、通(tong)訊線路、軌道、場地硬化等部(bu)分。結(jie)合(he)橋(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)(liang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)實(shi)際和(he)以(yi)往工(gong)(gong)(gong)作經驗，對這(zhe)些臨(lin)時(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量進(jin)行(xing)計(ji)算，準確(que)(que)確(que)(que)定臨(lin)時(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量，以(yi)保證臨(lin)時(shi)(shi)(shi)費(fei)用計(ji)算準確(que)(que)。

二、路橋建設的利潤有多大

建(jian)筑(zhu)界廣泛流傳著這樣一(yi)句話，叫“金橋銀路(lu)銅建(jian)筑(zhu)”，由此可見橋梁建(jian)設的(de)利(li)潤還是比較可觀的(de)。

一般來說，路橋(qiao)建設正常利潤大(da)概在15%左右，當然(ran)，能(neng)(neng)不能(neng)(neng)賺錢，能(neng)(neng)賺多少錢，這(zhe)(zhe)要看是(shi)做(zuo)總(zong)包(bao)(bao)還是(shi)分包(bao)(bao)，亦或是(shi)勞務分包(bao)(bao)。每種承包(bao)(bao)方式決定(ding)了賺錢的難(nan)易程度，這(zhe)(zhe)里邊總(zong)包(bao)(bao)是(shi)最賺錢的。一般道路工程在驗收完畢后，會扣除一部分的質量保證(zheng)金，做(zuo)得離譜會只給你(ni)成本款，利潤分幾年給你(ni)，所以做(zuo)工程之前最好能(neng)(neng)看看合同。

很大程度上，搞路橋建設的(de)掙錢主(zhu)要渠道就是材(cai)料(liao)價(jia)格差(cha)，利(li)用信(xin)息不(bu)透明度進(jin)行操作。總(zong)體而言，路橋建設屬于非民用建筑業，門檻很高，總(zong)包以上單位(wei)和一(yi)線分包商(shang)之間信(xin)息不(bu)透明程度很大，一(yi)線分包商(shang)經驗(yan)深淺之間的(de)區(qu)別(bie)也非常巨大。同(tong)一(yi)個(ge)(ge)項目，同(tong)樣的(de)合同(tong)價(jia)，不(bu)同(tong)的(de)分包商(shang)，有(you)的(de)可(ke)能(neng)賺20個(ge)(ge)點，有(you)的(de)可(ke)能(neng)虧5個(ge)(ge)點。