一、橋梁建設造價怎么算

橋(qiao)梁(liang)建(jian)設(she)(she)前期需要計算(suan)好橋(qiao)梁(liang)工程的造價，一般情況下(xia)，橋(qiao)梁(liang)建(jian)設(she)(she)的工程量(liang)包括(kuo)主體、輔助、臨時三部(bu)分，這(zhe)些部(bu)分的費用相加就可(ke)以得到橋(qiao)梁(liang)建(jian)設(she)(she)工程造價：

1、主體費用

橋梁(liang)主體(ti)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)包(bao)括上部及橋面工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、下部工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)及基(ji)礎工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)等。橋梁(liang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)主體(ti)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)圖確(que)定后，根據圖紙確(que)定主體(ti)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)定額，然(ran)后套用(yong)各部分的單(dan)位計(ji)價費(fei)(fei)(fei)用(yong)，得出主體(ti)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)建設費(fei)(fei)(fei)，如人工(gong)(gong)(gong)費(fei)(fei)(fei)、材料費(fei)(fei)(fei)、機械費(fei)(fei)(fei)、管(guan)理費(fei)(fei)(fei)、規(gui)費(fei)(fei)(fei)、稅金(jin)、利潤(run)等。為保證(zheng)主體(ti)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)造(zao)價精確(que)，造(zao)價人員要(yao)具備專(zhuan)業的識圖能力(li)，能夠基(ji)于(yu)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)設計(ji)圖進(jin)行(xing)主體(ti)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)造(zao)價編制，得到準確(que)可靠的計(ji)算結(jie)(jie)果。

2、輔助工程費用

輔助工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)通常是為了保證(zheng)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)順利(li)實(shi)施(shi)而進行(xing)的施(shi)工(gong)(gong)，包(bao)括工(gong)(gong)作平臺、排水系(xi)統、循環系(xi)統、護(hu)筒系(xi)統、吊裝裝置、提升模架、施(shi)工(gong)(gong)電梯、混凝土(tu)拌和站、鋼便(bian)橋設置等。其建(jian)設費用計(ji)(ji)算也要充(chong)分結合(he)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)設計(ji)(ji)圖(tu)，使工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)量(liang)計(ji)(ji)算、定(ding)(ding)額確定(ding)(ding)等都(dou)符(fu)合(he)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)合(he)同、招投標文(wen)件及施(shi)工(gong)(gong)要求等。

3、臨時工程費用

臨時(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量和輔(fu)助工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量一樣，通(tong)(tong)常不(bu)會(hui)出(chu)現在橋(qiao)梁(liang)(liang)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)數(shu)量清單中(zhong)，但它們確(que)實是(shi)橋(qiao)梁(liang)(liang)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)產生(sheng)的費(fei)用(yong)(yong)，不(bu)能忽略不(bu)計(ji)(ji)，否則將(jiang)降低橋(qiao)梁(liang)(liang)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)概預算編制(zhi)的精確(que)性。橋(qiao)梁(liang)(liang)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)中(zhong)的臨時(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)主要包括(kuo)電力線路、通(tong)(tong)訊線路、軌道、場(chang)地硬化等部(bu)分。結合(he)橋(qiao)梁(liang)(liang)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)實際和以(yi)(yi)往工(gong)(gong)作經驗(yan)，對這些臨時(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量進行計(ji)(ji)算，準確(que)確(que)定臨時(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量，以(yi)(yi)保證臨時(shi)(shi)費(fei)用(yong)(yong)計(ji)(ji)算準確(que)。

二、路橋建設的利潤有多大

建筑界廣泛流傳著這樣一句話，叫“金橋(qiao)銀路銅建筑”，由(you)此可見橋(qiao)梁建設的利(li)潤還是比較可觀的。

一(yi)般來說(shuo)，路橋(qiao)建設正常利潤大概在15%左右，當(dang)然(ran)，能不(bu)能賺(zhuan)錢，能賺(zhuan)多少錢，這要看(kan)是(shi)做(zuo)總(zong)包(bao)(bao)還是(shi)分(fen)包(bao)(bao)，亦或是(shi)勞務分(fen)包(bao)(bao)。每(mei)種承包(bao)(bao)方式決(jue)定了賺(zhuan)錢的難易程(cheng)度，這里邊總(zong)包(bao)(bao)是(shi)最賺(zhuan)錢的。一(yi)般道路工(gong)程(cheng)在驗收完畢后(hou)，會扣除(chu)一(yi)部分(fen)的質量保(bao)證金，做(zuo)得(de)離譜會只(zhi)給你成本款，利潤分(fen)幾(ji)年給你，所以做(zuo)工(gong)程(cheng)之前最好(hao)能看(kan)看(kan)合同。

很大程度上，搞路橋建設的(de)(de)(de)(de)掙錢主要渠道就是材料價(jia)格差，利用信息不透明(ming)度(du)進(jin)行操作。總體而言，路橋建(jian)設屬于非民用建(jian)筑業，門(men)檻(jian)很高(gao)，總包以上單位和一線分(fen)包商之間信息不透明(ming)程度(du)很大，一線分(fen)包商經驗深(shen)淺之間的(de)(de)(de)(de)區別(bie)也非常巨大。同一個項目，同樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)合同價(jia)，不同的(de)(de)(de)(de)分(fen)包商，有的(de)(de)(de)(de)可(ke)能賺(zhuan)20個點，有的(de)(de)(de)(de)可(ke)能虧5個點。