一、橋梁建設造價怎么算

橋梁(liang)建(jian)設前期需要計算好橋梁(liang)工(gong)程(cheng)的(de)造價(jia)，一般情況(kuang)下，橋梁(liang)建(jian)設的(de)工(gong)程(cheng)量包(bao)括主(zhu)體(ti)、輔助、臨時三部分(fen)(fen)，這些部分(fen)(fen)的(de)費用相加就可(ke)以得到橋梁(liang)建(jian)設工(gong)程(cheng)造價(jia)：

1、主體費用

橋梁(liang)主(zhu)體工(gong)程量包括上(shang)部及橋面工(gong)程、下部工(gong)程及基礎(chu)工(gong)程等。橋梁(liang)工(gong)程主(zhu)體結構(gou)(gou)施工(gong)圖(tu)確定后(hou)，根據圖(tu)紙(zhi)確定主(zhu)體工(gong)程量定額，然(ran)后(hou)套用(yong)各部分的(de)單(dan)位計(ji)(ji)價(jia)費(fei)(fei)(fei)用(yong)，得(de)出主(zhu)體結構(gou)(gou)建設(she)費(fei)(fei)(fei)，如人(ren)工(gong)費(fei)(fei)(fei)、材(cai)料費(fei)(fei)(fei)、機械(xie)費(fei)(fei)(fei)、管理費(fei)(fei)(fei)、規費(fei)(fei)(fei)、稅金、利潤(run)等。為保(bao)證主(zhu)體結構(gou)(gou)造(zao)價(jia)精確，造(zao)價(jia)人(ren)員要(yao)具備專業的(de)識圖(tu)能力，能夠基于施工(gong)設(she)計(ji)(ji)圖(tu)進(jin)行主(zhu)體結構(gou)(gou)造(zao)價(jia)編制(zhi)，得(de)到準確可靠的(de)計(ji)(ji)算結果。

2、輔助工程費用

輔助工(gong)(gong)(gong)程通常是為(wei)了(le)保證工(gong)(gong)(gong)程施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)順利實施(shi)(shi)(shi)而進行的施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)，包(bao)括工(gong)(gong)(gong)作平臺、排水系統、循環系統、護筒系統、吊裝裝置、提(ti)升模(mo)架、施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)電梯(ti)、混凝土拌和站、鋼便橋設(she)置等(deng)。其建(jian)設(she)費用計算也(ye)要充分結(jie)合(he)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)設(she)計圖，使工(gong)(gong)(gong)程量(liang)計算、定額確定等(deng)都符合(he)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程合(he)同(tong)、招投標文件(jian)及施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)要求等(deng)。

3、臨時工程費用

臨(lin)時(shi)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)和輔助工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)一樣，通常不會(hui)出現在橋(qiao)梁工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)數量(liang)清單中，但它們確實(shi)是(shi)橋(qiao)梁工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中產生的(de)(de)費用，不能忽略不計，否則將降低(di)橋(qiao)梁工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)概預算編制的(de)(de)精(jing)確性。橋(qiao)梁工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)中的(de)(de)臨(lin)時(shi)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)主(zhu)要包括(kuo)電力線路、通訊線路、軌道、場地(di)硬化(hua)等(deng)部分。結合橋(qiao)梁工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)實(shi)際和以往工(gong)(gong)作經驗(yan)，對這些(xie)臨(lin)時(shi)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)進行計算，準確確定臨(lin)時(shi)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)，以保證臨(lin)時(shi)費用計算準確。

二、路橋建設的利潤有多大

建筑界廣泛(fan)流(liu)傳著這樣一句話(hua)，叫“金(jin)橋(qiao)銀路(lu)銅建筑”，由(you)此可見橋(qiao)梁(liang)建設的利潤還是(shi)比較可觀的。

一般來說，路橋建設正常利(li)潤大概在15%左(zuo)右，當然，能不能賺(zhuan)(zhuan)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)，能賺(zhuan)(zhuan)多(duo)少錢(qian)(qian)(qian)，這(zhe)要看(kan)(kan)是(shi)做總(zong)包還(huan)是(shi)分包，亦(yi)或是(shi)勞務(wu)分包。每種承(cheng)包方式(shi)決定了賺(zhuan)(zhuan)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)的(de)難(nan)易程度，這(zhe)里邊總(zong)包是(shi)最賺(zhuan)(zhuan)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)的(de)。一般道(dao)路工程在驗(yan)收完(wan)畢后，會扣除(chu)一部分的(de)質量保(bao)證金，做得離譜(pu)會只給你成本款(kuan)，利(li)潤分幾年給你，所以做工程之(zhi)前最好(hao)能看(kan)(kan)看(kan)(kan)合同。

很大程度上，搞路橋建設的(de)掙錢主(zhu)要(yao)渠道就(jiu)是材(cai)料(liao)價格差(cha)，利用(yong)信(xin)息(xi)不透明(ming)度進行操作。總體而言，路橋建(jian)設屬(shu)于非(fei)民用(yong)建(jian)筑業，門檻很(hen)高，總包(bao)以(yi)上單位和一線(xian)分包(bao)商(shang)之間信(xin)息(xi)不透明(ming)程度很(hen)大，一線(xian)分包(bao)商(shang)經驗(yan)深(shen)淺(qian)之間的(de)區別(bie)也非(fei)常巨大。同(tong)一個項(xiang)目，同(tong)樣的(de)合同(tong)價，不同(tong)的(de)分包(bao)商(shang)，有的(de)可能賺(zhuan)20個點(dian)，有的(de)可能虧5個點(dian)。