一、橋梁建設造價怎么算

橋(qiao)梁(liang)建設前期需(xu)要計(ji)算好橋(qiao)梁(liang)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)造價，一(yi)般情(qing)況下(xia)，橋(qiao)梁(liang)建設的(de)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)量包(bao)括(kuo)主體、輔助、臨時三部分，這(zhe)些部分的(de)費用相加就可以得到橋(qiao)梁(liang)建設工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)造價：

1、主體費用

橋(qiao)梁主(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)量包(bao)括(kuo)上部(bu)及橋(qiao)面工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)、下部(bu)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)及基礎工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)等(deng)。橋(qiao)梁工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)主(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)結(jie)構(gou)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)圖確定后，根據圖紙確定主(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)量定額，然后套(tao)用各部(bu)分的單位計(ji)價(jia)費(fei)用，得出主(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)結(jie)構(gou)建設費(fei)，如人(ren)工(gong)(gong)費(fei)、材(cai)料費(fei)、機械費(fei)、管理費(fei)、規費(fei)、稅金、利潤等(deng)。為保證主(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)結(jie)構(gou)造(zao)(zao)(zao)價(jia)精確，造(zao)(zao)(zao)價(jia)人(ren)員要(yao)具備(bei)專(zhuan)業的識圖能(neng)力，能(neng)夠(gou)基于施(shi)工(gong)(gong)設計(ji)圖進行(xing)主(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)結(jie)構(gou)造(zao)(zao)(zao)價(jia)編(bian)制，得到準確可(ke)靠(kao)的計(ji)算結(jie)果(guo)。

2、輔助工程費用

輔(fu)助工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)通常是(shi)為了保證工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)順利實施(shi)而進行(xing)的(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)，包括工(gong)(gong)作平臺、排水系(xi)統、循環(huan)系(xi)統、護(hu)筒(tong)系(xi)統、吊裝裝置、提升模架(jia)、施(shi)工(gong)(gong)電梯、混(hun)凝土拌(ban)和站(zhan)、鋼便橋設(she)置等(deng)。其建設(she)費用計(ji)算也要(yao)充分結合施(shi)工(gong)(gong)設(she)計(ji)圖(tu)，使工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)量計(ji)算、定(ding)(ding)額確定(ding)(ding)等(deng)都符合工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)合同、招投標文件及施(shi)工(gong)(gong)要(yao)求等(deng)。

3、臨時工程費用

臨(lin)時(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)量和輔助工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)量一(yi)樣，通常不(bu)會出(chu)現在(zai)橋梁(liang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)數量清單(dan)中，但它們確(que)實是橋梁(liang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)(cheng)中產生的費用(yong)，不(bu)能忽(hu)略不(bu)計，否則將降低橋梁(liang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)概(gai)預算編制的精確(que)性(xing)。橋梁(liang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中的臨(lin)時(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)主要包(bao)括電力線路(lu)、通訊線路(lu)、軌道、場地硬化等(deng)部分(fen)。結合橋梁(liang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)實際和以往工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作經驗(yan)，對這些臨(lin)時(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)量進行計算，準(zhun)確(que)確(que)定臨(lin)時(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)量，以保證臨(lin)時(shi)(shi)費用(yong)計算準(zhun)確(que)。

二、路橋建設的利潤有多大

建筑界(jie)廣(guang)泛流(liu)傳著這(zhe)樣一句話，叫“金橋銀路銅建筑”，由此可見橋梁建設(she)的利潤還是比較可觀的。

一(yi)(yi)般來(lai)說，路橋(qiao)建設正常利潤大概在15%左右，當然(ran)，能不能賺錢，能賺多少錢，這(zhe)要看(kan)是(shi)做總包(bao)還(huan)是(shi)分包(bao)，亦或是(shi)勞務(wu)分包(bao)。每種承(cheng)包(bao)方式決定了賺錢的(de)難易(yi)程度，這(zhe)里(li)邊(bian)總包(bao)是(shi)最賺錢的(de)。一(yi)(yi)般道路工(gong)程在驗(yan)收(shou)完畢后，會扣(kou)除一(yi)(yi)部分的(de)質量保證金，做得離(li)譜會只給(gei)你成(cheng)本款，利潤分幾年給(gei)你，所(suo)以做工(gong)程之前最好能看(kan)看(kan)合(he)同。

很大程度上，搞路橋建設的(de)(de)掙錢主要(yao)渠道就是材料價格差(cha)，利用(yong)信息不透明度(du)進行操(cao)作。總體而言(yan)，路橋建設屬于非民用(yong)建筑業，門檻很高，總包(bao)以(yi)上單位和一線分包(bao)商(shang)之間信息不透明程(cheng)度(du)很大，一線分包(bao)商(shang)經驗深淺之間的(de)(de)區(qu)別也非常巨大。同(tong)一個項目(mu)，同(tong)樣(yang)的(de)(de)合(he)同(tong)價，不同(tong)的(de)(de)分包(bao)商(shang)，有的(de)(de)可能賺(zhuan)20個點，有的(de)(de)可能虧5個點。