一、橋梁建設造價怎么算

橋(qiao)梁(liang)建(jian)(jian)設(she)前期需要計(ji)算好橋(qiao)梁(liang)工程(cheng)的(de)造價，一(yi)般情況下，橋(qiao)梁(liang)建(jian)(jian)設(she)的(de)工程(cheng)量包括主體(ti)、輔助、臨時三部分，這些部分的(de)費(fei)用相加就(jiu)可以得(de)到橋(qiao)梁(liang)建(jian)(jian)設(she)工程(cheng)造價：

1、主體費用

橋(qiao)梁(liang)主(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)工(gong)(gong)程量包(bao)括上部及橋(qiao)面(mian)工(gong)(gong)程、下部工(gong)(gong)程及基礎(chu)工(gong)(gong)程等(deng)。橋(qiao)梁(liang)工(gong)(gong)程主(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)圖確定后，根據圖紙確定主(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)工(gong)(gong)程量定額，然后套用各部分的(de)(de)單位計(ji)價(jia)費(fei)(fei)用，得出主(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)建設(she)費(fei)(fei)，如人(ren)工(gong)(gong)費(fei)(fei)、材料費(fei)(fei)、機械(xie)費(fei)(fei)、管理費(fei)(fei)、規費(fei)(fei)、稅金、利潤等(deng)。為(wei)保證主(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)造(zao)價(jia)精確，造(zao)價(jia)人(ren)員要具備專(zhuan)業(ye)的(de)(de)識(shi)圖能力，能夠基于施(shi)工(gong)(gong)設(she)計(ji)圖進(jin)行主(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)造(zao)價(jia)編制，得到準確可靠的(de)(de)計(ji)算結(jie)(jie)果。

2、輔助工程費用

輔助(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)通常是為了保證工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)順利實施而(er)進行的施工(gong)(gong)(gong)，包括工(gong)(gong)(gong)作平臺、排水系(xi)統(tong)、循環系(xi)統(tong)、護筒系(xi)統(tong)、吊裝(zhuang)裝(zhuang)置、提升模架、施工(gong)(gong)(gong)電梯(ti)、混凝土拌和站、鋼便橋設(she)置等。其(qi)建設(she)費用(yong)計算也要充分結合(he)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)設(she)計圖，使工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)量計算、定(ding)額確定(ding)等都符合(he)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)合(he)同(tong)、招投標文(wen)件及(ji)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)要求等。

3、臨時工程費用

臨(lin)時(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)和輔助工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)一(yi)樣，通(tong)常不會出現(xian)在(zai)橋(qiao)梁(liang)(liang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)數量(liang)清單中，但(dan)它們(men)確實(shi)是橋(qiao)梁(liang)(liang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中產生的費用，不能(neng)忽(hu)略不計(ji)，否則將降低橋(qiao)梁(liang)(liang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)概(gai)預算編制的精確性。橋(qiao)梁(liang)(liang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中的臨(lin)時(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)主要包括電力線(xian)路、通(tong)訊(xun)線(xian)路、軌道(dao)、場地(di)硬化等部分。結合橋(qiao)梁(liang)(liang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)實(shi)際和以往工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作經驗，對這些臨(lin)時(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)進行(xing)計(ji)算，準確確定臨(lin)時(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)，以保證臨(lin)時(shi)費用計(ji)算準確。

二、路橋建設的利潤有多大

建筑(zhu)界廣泛(fan)流傳著這樣一句話(hua)，叫“金(jin)橋(qiao)(qiao)銀路(lu)銅建筑(zhu)”，由此可(ke)見橋(qiao)(qiao)梁建設的(de)利潤還是比較可(ke)觀的(de)。

一般(ban)來說，路(lu)橋建設正常利(li)(li)潤(run)大概在15%左右，當然(ran)，能(neng)(neng)不能(neng)(neng)賺(zhuan)錢(qian)(qian)，能(neng)(neng)賺(zhuan)多少(shao)錢(qian)(qian)，這要看是(shi)(shi)(shi)做總包還是(shi)(shi)(shi)分(fen)包，亦或是(shi)(shi)(shi)勞務分(fen)包。每種(zhong)承包方式決定(ding)了賺(zhuan)錢(qian)(qian)的(de)難(nan)易程度，這里邊總包是(shi)(shi)(shi)最(zui)賺(zhuan)錢(qian)(qian)的(de)。一般(ban)道(dao)路(lu)工(gong)程在驗收完(wan)畢后，會扣(kou)除一部(bu)分(fen)的(de)質量保證金，做得離譜會只給(gei)你成本(ben)款，利(li)(li)潤(run)分(fen)幾年給(gei)你，所以做工(gong)程之前最(zui)好能(neng)(neng)看看合同。

很大程度上，搞路橋建設的(de)(de)掙錢主要渠道就是材料價(jia)格(ge)差，利用信息不透(tou)明度進行操作。總體而言，路橋(qiao)建設(she)屬(shu)于非(fei)民(min)用建筑(zhu)業，門檻(jian)很(hen)高，總包以(yi)上(shang)單(dan)位和(he)一線(xian)分包商(shang)之(zhi)間信息不透(tou)明程度很(hen)大，一線(xian)分包商(shang)經(jing)驗(yan)深淺之(zhi)間的(de)(de)區別也非(fei)常巨大。同(tong)一個項目(mu)，同(tong)樣的(de)(de)合同(tong)價(jia)，不同(tong)的(de)(de)分包商(shang)，有的(de)(de)可能賺(zhuan)20個點(dian)，有的(de)(de)可能虧5個點(dian)。