蓄電池修復是真的嗎

隨著電力供配電行業，通信、通訊行業及電動車輛的發展，也帶動了為其配套的電源--蓄電池行業的發展和技術上的進步與創新。由于鉛酸蓄電池具有優異的性價比，所以目前國內外市場上除了便攜式電子產品外，為電動車輛、UPS系統、電(dian)(dian)(dian)訊設施（電(dian)(dian)(dian)信中心(xin)，衛星地面站）、內燃(ran)機車、汽車、電(dian)(dian)(dian)站、變電(dian)(dian)(dian)站、應急電(dian)(dian)(dian)源、船舶及無電(dian)(dian)(dian)區光(guang)明工程的(de)儲能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源等95%以上都是使用(yong)的(de)鉛酸(suan)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池。

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型(xing)號(hao)不(bu)同(tong)、使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)環境條(tiao)件(jian)不(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)，其(qi)設計使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)壽(shou)(shou)(shou)命(ming)(ming)(ming)也(ye)不(bu)同(tong)。如(ru)固(gu)定型(xing)排氣(qi)式(shi)的(de)(de)鉛(qian)酸(suan)(suan)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)在(zai)20℃~25℃，浮充(chong)充(chong)電(dian)條(tiao)件(jian)下(xia)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)其(qi)壽(shou)(shou)(shou)命(ming)(ming)(ming)有(you)(you)15年；VRLA鉛(qian)酸(suan)(suan)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)在(zai)浮充(chong)電(dian)條(tiao)件(jian)下(xia)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)其(qi)壽(shou)(shou)(shou)命(ming)(ming)(ming)在(zai)5~10年；牽引型(xing)（動力型(xing)）排氣(qi)式(shi)鉛(qian)酸(suan)(suan)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)壽(shou)(shou)(shou)命(ming)(ming)(ming)為1500周次(ci)；動力型(xing)VRLA鉛(qian)酸(suan)(suan)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)壽(shou)(shou)(shou)命(ming)(ming)(ming)為700次(ci)左右；電(dian)動自(zi)行(xing)車(che)、電(dian)動摩托車(che)、電(dian)動三輪車(che)配套的(de)(de)鉛(qian)酸(suan)(suan)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)壽(shou)(shou)(shou)命(ming)(ming)(ming)只有(you)(you)350周次(ci)左右，即一年；汽車(che)上配套的(de)(de)點火(huo)，照明，起動用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)VRLA鉛(qian)酸(suan)(suan)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)一般壽(shou)(shou)(shou)命(ming)(ming)(ming)為3~5年；所以鉛(qian)酸(suan)(suan)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)修(xiu)復對于市場占有(you)(you)量最(zui)大(da)，使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)頻(pin)率最(zui)高，使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)范(fan)圍(wei)最(zui)廣、壽(shou)(shou)(shou)命(ming)(ming)(ming)較(jiao)短且易出(chu)(chu)現(xian)早期失效(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)鉛(qian)酸(suan)(suan)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)是主要(yao)工作的(de)(de)對象。這些(xie)易出(chu)(chu)現(xian)早期失效(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)對其(qi)修(xiu)復后可以再(zai)次(ci)提交(jiao)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)，因此(ci)大(da)大(da)的(de)(de)延長了電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)壽(shou)(shou)(shou)命(ming)(ming)(ming)，達到了既(ji)環保又節約節能的(de)(de)目(mu)的(de)(de)。

蓄電池壞損修復的方法

一、電瓶檢測

第一步、檢查(cha)蓄電池外表(biao)狀態(tai)：

檢(jian)(jian)查蓄電(dian)池(chi)外(wai)形是否(fou)完好。檢(jian)(jian)查蓄電(dian)池(chi)外(wai)殼是否(fou)凸出(chu)、漏夜(ye)、斷(duan)隔、電(dian)瓶接線(xian)端子腐(fu)蝕等(deng)，如果有這種現象，說明電(dian)瓶已經壞死；

第二步、檢查蓄(xu)電池電壓(ya)是否正常：

1、在充電進行(xing)時（二個小(xiao)時后(hou)），分三次檢測(ce)每節單塊電瓶的電壓(ya)，每次間隔20分(fen)鐘，如果有單塊電池的電壓超過(guo)15V的，意味(wei)電(dian)瓶硫化；如(ru)果(guo)電(dian)壓始終達不(bu)到(dao)13V以上的，說明(ming)這節電(dian)瓶短路或單格(ge)落(luo)后；

2、在放電進行(xing)時，用(yong)萬用(yong)表分三次(ci)測量(liang)每節單(dan)體(ti)電瓶的(de)電壓，每次(ci)間隔(ge)10分(fen)鐘，如果某(mou)單塊電(dian)瓶的電(dian)壓下降的比(bi)其他幾(ji)節電(dian)瓶快，并且(qie)低于10V，加上這節(jie)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)放電(dian)(dian)時間(jian)最短，那么這節(jie)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)就(jiu)是問題電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)。

3、檢(jian)測單塊電(dian)瓶的靜態電(dian)壓(ya)（浮電(dian)）。當電(dian)壓(ya)為零時(shi)，有兩種可能：一種是電(dian)瓶完全(quan)斷路，電(dian)路不通，電(dian)壓(ya)為零；另一種就是電(dian)瓶放(fang)置時(shi)間過長，電(dian)壓(ya)低(di)至1-2V，甚至(zhi)為零。

第(di)三步、檢(jian)查蓄電池電解液是(shi)否“失水”、發黑：

檢查電解(jie)液是否變(bian)質或“失水”。對蓄電池充電3-6個小時后，用手(shou)觸觸摸每節(jie)電瓶外殼側面，如(ru)果電瓶發熱(re)燙手(shou)，這節(jie)電池已經壞死；如(ru)果只是發熱(re)，溫度(du)在40度左(zuo)右(you)，同時充(chong)電時充(chong)電器一(yi)直(zhi)亮著紅(hong)燈，說明電池嚴重(zhong)“失(shi)水(shui)”；另(ling)外(wai)也可以打(da)開電瓶的蓋子，檢查“失(shi)水(shui)”狀態。

二、蓄電池修復方法技術

1、脈沖修復法(fa)：

蓄(xu)電池消除硫化比較(jiao)好的方法就是采用脈(mo)沖修(xiu)復法。在修(xiu)復蓄(xu)電池時(shi)，脈(mo)沖的瞬(shun)間(jian)(jian)電壓一般根(gen)據產品(pin)所體(ti)現的功(gong)能需(xu)要，采取的瞬(shun)間(jian)(jian)電壓為60V—300V之間(jian)(jian)(jian)，如(ru)用于(yu)蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)延壽的產(chan)品(pin)脈(mo)(mo)沖(chong)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)值就(jiu)(jiu)不益過大，專門由于(yu)蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)修復產(chan)品(pin)的脈(mo)(mo)沖(chong)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)值就(jiu)(jiu)可以偏(pian)大（如(ru)果脈(mo)(mo)沖(chong)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)值太大對(dui)(dui)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)極板會造成損(sun)傷），脈(mo)(mo)沖(chong)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)高，蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)修復時間(jian)(jian)(jian)短，脈(mo)(mo)沖(chong)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)低，蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)修復時間(jian)(jian)(jian)相對(dui)(dui)就(jiu)(jiu)長，盡管(guan)脈(mo)(mo)沖(chong)瞬間(jian)(jian)(jian)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)很(hen)高，但平(ping)均電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)并不高，對(dui)(dui)人體沒有傷害，十(shi)分安(an)全。

市場上(shang)有(you)專門的脈(mo)沖發生器(qi)銷售(shou)，但要(yao)注意(yi)選擇效果好的一(yi)種(zhong)。脈(mo)沖與(yu)蓄電池極板的諧(xie)振(zhen)很重(zhong)要(yao)，這就(jiu)取決(jue)與(yu)脈(mo)沖頻(pin)率(lv)大小(xiao)、幅度(du)(du)寬(kuan)窄，脈(mo)沖頻(pin)率(lv)和幅度(du)(du)不夠就(jiu)達不到消除(chu)硫(liu)酸(suan)結晶(jing)的效果，頻(pin)率(lv)和幅度(du)(du)太大則會出(chu)現消除(chu)了硫(liu)化而損傷了電極板，并出(chu)現析氣現象；同時，脈(mo)沖波形也有(you)很多(duo)種(zhong)，在示(shi)波器(qi)上(shang)可以顯示(shi)。

2、強電修復(fu)法：

強(qiang)電(dian)(dian)修(xiu)復法(fa)就是采(cai)取充電(dian)(dian)時的持(chi)久高電(dian)(dian)壓或大電(dian)(dian)流修(xiu)復蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池的方法(fa)，多在脈(mo)沖修(xiu)復法(fa)效果不明(ming)顯時采(cai)用(yong)。其一、高電(dian)(dian)壓修(xiu)復法(fa)：這種方法(fa)主要是采(cai)取電(dian)(dian)池標稱電(dian)(dian)壓的1.3-1.5倍(bei)的充電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)修復電(dian)(dian)(dian)池，如36V蓄電(dian)池在充電(dian)電(dian)流(liu)不(bu)變或接近的條件下，采用48V的充(chong)電器進行充(chong)電，充(chong)電時(shi)間要掌握(wo)分寸，不易(yi)過(guo)長(chang)，否則電池會因析氣發熱。

3、全充全放電修復法：

全(quan)(quan)(quan)充全(quan)(quan)(quan)放電(dian)修復(fu)法就是(shi)對(dui)蓄電(dian)池(chi)采取完全(quan)(quan)(quan)充滿電(dian)后(hou)，再完全(quan)(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)放電(dian)修復(fu)蓄電(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)方法。全(quan)(quan)(quan)充全(quan)(quan)(quan)放電(dian)修復(fu)法主要是(shi)對(dui)輕度損傷的(de)(de)蓄電(dian)池(chi)具有一定的(de)(de)修復(fu)作用，同時此方法還可(ke)以有效的(de)(de)激活(huo)電(dian)瓶深層的(de)(de)活(huo)性(xing)物(wu)質(zhi)，提高蓄電(dian)池(chi)容量(liang)。

4、補(bu)水修復(fu)法：

對蓄電池(chi)“失水”采取補水的方法便可修復，其目的是稀釋濃度提高的硫酸正常進行電解反應。補水方法上較為簡單，只用打開蓄電池上蓋，可以看見有六個圓孔，向每個圓孔注射一定量的蒸餾水，再浸泡24小時(shi)以上就可以了。

5、重新配(pei)組修復法(fa)：

電動車電池一般是由幾節電池串聯而成的電池組，電池壞損是多方面的，可能電池會同時存在幾個方面的損傷：對于硫化的電瓶，修復后使用效果較好；但是對于極板軟化以及斷隔的電瓶，即時可以修復，因屬物理硬傷，可再利用價值不大，修復后的使用時間也極短，再修復的效果將會更差。

蓄電池修復方法

1、電池串聯修復法：這種方法是當單節電池標稱電壓低于12V時就可以采用這個辦法。例如，市面上有可以充電應急燈而常常采用的6V 4Ah的蓄電池，而測試儀單路輸出為12V，這時就可以串聯兩個6V 電池，把(ba)它們接入測試儀進行硫修復。

2、輸出組合法：對于(yu)那(nei)種(zhong)放了很久的電(dian)(dian)(dian)池或者(zhe)說自放電(dian)(dian)(dian)很嚴重以(yi)及硫(liu)化(hua)(hua)很嚴重的電(dian)(dian)(dian)池，我們不能(neng)采用補水和(he)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)恢(hui)復的方法了。而輸(shu)出組(zu)合法對嚴重硫(liu)化(hua)(hua)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)池效(xiao)果比較好，在使用這個(ge)方法時(shi)，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流最好是5A。因為(wei)修復功能(neng)的疊(die)加，修復負脈沖電(dian)(dian)(dian)流大(da)于(yu)正脈，選擇5A是為(wei)了彌補由此而產生的充電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流的抵消(xiao)。

3、活化充電法：其(qi)實蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)在存儲或(huo)者是使用(yong)期(qi)間，我們可(ke)以定(ding)期(qi)給(gei)它進行(xing)活(huo)化充電(dian)(dian)，也(ye)就(jiu)是所謂的(de)均衡(heng)充電(dian)(dian)，這樣對(dui)蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)不可(ke)逆硫化是很有幫助的(de)，因為就(jiu)可(ke)以延長蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)壽命，是很提倡的(de)做法。我們在一般情況下(xia)，使用(yong)測(ce)試儀(yi)定(ding)期(qi)對(dui)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充電(dian)(dian)—放電(dian)(dian)—充電(dian)(dian)就(jiu)可(ke)以了。

4、加熱法：對于那種(zhong)放的(de)很久的(de)電(dian)池(chi)，電(dian)解(jie)(jie)液(ye)自然就成嚴重干涸的(de)狀態(tai)。如果顧客急(ji)需要(yao)修復的(de)話(hua)，就可以采用(yong)這種(zhong)加(jia)熱(re)(re)法。首先給要(yao)被修復的(de)電(dian)池(chi)補(bu)水后(hou)，為(wei)了加(jia)快電(dian)解(jie)(jie)液(ye)向電(dian)池(chi)內部(bu)滲透和自身的(de)化(hua)學(xue)反應(ying)，然后(hou)我們(men)就把補(bu)水后(hou)的(de)電(dian)池(chi)放入70℃的(de)熱(re)(re)水中(zhong)浸泡，最后(hou)取出電(dian)池(chi)進行正常的(de)修復工作。

汽車蓄電池修復技術

首先我們需要(yao)知道(dao)，蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)分為開口蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)和(he)閥控(kong)密封式(shi)蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)兩種，對于不(bu)同的(de)(de)(de)種類的(de)(de)(de)蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)其(qi)維護方(fang)式(shi)也是不(bu)一樣的(de)(de)(de)。我們第一個先來看(kan)(kan)看(kan)(kan)閥控(kong)密封式(shi)蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)修復方(fang)法(fa)。

1、清理

維護電(dian)(dian)池以前(qian)，首先要清(qing)理被修電(dian)(dian)池外表(biao)的(de)灰塵，清(qing)除端子上面的(de)沾污和銹蝕。然后再(zai)打(da)開排氣(qi)閥，觀察電(dian)(dian)池內部的(de)電(dian)(dian)解液(ye)。

2、撬開電池蓋，根據情況處理

撬(qiao)開膠(jiao)粘的(de)(de)或者熱封(feng)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)上(shang)蓋，露出(chu)免維護電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)橡膠(jiao)排(pai)氣閥，小(xiao)心拆下(xia)排(pai)氣閥，觀察電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)內部情況。檢查(cha)是(shi)否由黑色雜質(zhi)，如果有(you)明(ming)(ming)顯的(de)(de)黑色渾(hun)濁雜質(zhi)，說(shuo)明(ming)(ming)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)正極板已經明(ming)(ming)顯的(de)(de)軟化(hua)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)修好的(de)(de)可能性(xing)比(bi)較(jiao)小(xiao)。如果沒(mei)有(you)黑色渾(hun)濁雜質(zhi)，需要(yao)等待4小(xiao)時以后，水充分深入電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)。同時，給電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)加含0.1%～0.5%的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)解液(ye)(ye)，到電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)上(shang)面剛好有(you)流動的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)解液(ye)(ye)。如果僅僅是(shi)因為停(ting)用(yong)時間較(jiao)長(chang)而(er)引(yin)起電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)容量下(xia)降(jiang)，不需要(yao)進(jin)行本步驟(zou)操作，直接(jie)進(jin)入下(xia)面預充電(dian)(dian)(dian)。

3、對電池進行恒壓限流充電

一般采用(yong)0.1c～0.25c電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，到16.2v以后(hou)(hou)，通過降(jiang)低電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)(de)方法(fa)，維持充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，一直到充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)下(xia)降(jiang)到0.03c的(de)(de)時(shi)候(hou)，停止充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)以后(hou)(hou)，觀(guan)察電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)內部是否還(huan)有(you)(you)游離(li)(li)分子(zi)(zi)，如果沒有(you)(you)，需要補(bu)0.1%的(de)(de)溶(rong)液，一直到出(chu)現(xian)少許游離(li)(li)分子(zi)(zi)。如果每個單格(ge)里都有(you)(you)游離(li)(li)分子(zi)(zi)，用(yong)傾倒和吸管吸出(chu)可見到的(de)(de)游離(li)(li)分子(zi)(zi)，使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)處于準(zhun)貧液狀態。注意，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)時(shi)候(hou)，會有(you)(you)氣體帶著電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液從(cong)排氣孔中(zhong)溢出(chu)，為了不污染環境(jing)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)應(ying)該(gai)放(fang)到特定的(de)(de)容器中(zhong)。

充電(dian)(dian)結束以后(hou)，電(dian)(dian)池(chi)靜止(zhi)半小時以后(hou)，測量電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的開路電(dian)(dian)壓，電(dian)(dian)壓應該在12v以上(shang)，如果電(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)壓低(di)于(yu)12v，特別是低(di)于(yu)10.8v，電(dian)(dian)池(chi)可能有內短路，該電(dian)(dian)池(chi)已經沒有維(wei)修價值。

4、蓄電池修復

連(lian)接修(xiu)復(fu)(fu)儀(yi)的正(zheng)負(fu)輸(shu)出(chu)到電(dian)池的正(zheng)負(fu)極柱(zhu)上，開啟修(xiu)復(fu)(fu)儀(yi)，對電(dian)池進行修(xiu)復(fu)(fu)。首(shou)次修(xiu)復(fu)(fu)時間應該(gai)不(bu)低于48小時。

5、容量測試

給電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)按照0.1c電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)，記錄放電(dian)(dian)(dian)時間(jian)(jian)。其(qi)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)乘(cheng)以時間(jian)(jian)的(de)小(xiao)時數，就(jiu)是電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)修復(fu)的(de)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)。如(ru)果電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)達到(dao)到(dao)標(biao)稱容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)70％以上，結束修復(fu)。如(ru)果容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)沒有達到(dao)70％的(de)標(biao)稱容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)，繼(ji)續(xu)按照步(bu)驟３充電(dian)(dian)(dian)。充電(dian)(dian)(dian)以后繼(ji)續(xu)修復(fu)，一般，超(chao)期(qi)存(cun)貯(zhu)(zhu)一年的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)需要(yao)進行二次修復(fu)，才(cai)可(ke)以恢(hui)復(fu)到(dao)超(chao)期(qi)存(cun)貯(zhu)(zhu)以前(qian)的(de)狀態。