蓄電池修復是真的嗎

隨著電力供配電行業，通信、通訊行業及電動車輛的發展，也帶動了為其配套的電源--蓄電池行業的發展和技術上的進步與創新。由于鉛酸蓄電池具有優異的性價比，所以目前國內外市場上除了便攜式電子產品外，為電動車輛、UPS系統、電(dian)(dian)訊(xun)設施(shi)（電(dian)(dian)信中(zhong)心，衛星地(di)面站）、內燃機車、汽(qi)車、電(dian)(dian)站、變電(dian)(dian)站、應(ying)急電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)、船舶(bo)及(ji)無電(dian)(dian)區光明(ming)工程(cheng)的儲能電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)等(deng)95%以上都是使用(yong)的鉛酸蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池。

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型(xing)號不(bu)同、使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)環境條(tiao)件(jian)不(bu)同的(de)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，其(qi)設(she)計(ji)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)壽(shou)(shou)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)也(ye)不(bu)同。如固定型(xing)排氣(qi)式(shi)(shi)的(de)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)在20℃~25℃，浮(fu)充充電(dian)(dian)條(tiao)件(jian)下使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)其(qi)壽(shou)(shou)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)有15年；VRLA鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)在浮(fu)充電(dian)(dian)條(tiao)件(jian)下使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)其(qi)壽(shou)(shou)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)在5~10年；牽(qian)引型(xing)（動力型(xing)）排氣(qi)式(shi)(shi)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)壽(shou)(shou)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)為(wei)1500周次；動力型(xing)VRLA鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)壽(shou)(shou)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)為(wei)700次左右(you)(you)；電(dian)(dian)動自行車(che)、電(dian)(dian)動摩(mo)托車(che)、電(dian)(dian)動三(san)輪車(che)配套的(de)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)壽(shou)(shou)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)只有350周次左右(you)(you)，即一年；汽車(che)上配套的(de)點火，照(zhao)明，起動用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)VRLA鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)一般(ban)壽(shou)(shou)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)為(wei)3~5年；所以(yi)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)修(xiu)(xiu)復(fu)對于市場占有量最(zui)大，使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)頻率(lv)最(zui)高，使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)范(fan)圍最(zui)廣、壽(shou)(shou)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)較短且易出(chu)現(xian)早(zao)期失效的(de)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)是主要工作(zuo)的(de)對象。這些易出(chu)現(xian)早(zao)期失效的(de)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)對其(qi)修(xiu)(xiu)復(fu)后可以(yi)再次提交使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)，因此大大的(de)延長了電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)壽(shou)(shou)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)，達到了既環保又節(jie)約(yue)節(jie)能(neng)的(de)目的(de)。

蓄電池壞損修復的方法

一、電瓶檢測

第一步、檢查(cha)蓄電池外表狀態：

檢(jian)查(cha)蓄電(dian)(dian)池外形是(shi)否完(wan)好。檢(jian)查(cha)蓄電(dian)(dian)池外殼是(shi)否凸出(chu)、漏夜、斷隔(ge)、電(dian)(dian)瓶接線(xian)端子腐(fu)蝕(shi)等，如果有這種現象，說明電(dian)(dian)瓶已經壞死；

第(di)二步、檢查蓄(xu)電池電壓是(shi)否正常：

1、在充電進行時(shi)（二個小(xiao)時(shi)后），分三次檢測每節(jie)單(dan)塊電瓶的電壓，每次間隔(ge)20分鐘，如果有單塊(kuai)電池的電壓超過15V的，意味電瓶硫化(hua)；如(ru)果電壓始終達不到13V以上的，說明這節電(dian)瓶(ping)短路(lu)或(huo)單格落后；

2、在放電(dian)進行時，用萬用表分三次測量每節(jie)單體電(dian)瓶的電(dian)壓，每次間(jian)隔10分鐘(zhong)，如果某單塊電瓶(ping)的電壓(ya)下降的比其他(ta)幾節(jie)電瓶(ping)快，并且低(di)于10V，加上(shang)這節電池(chi)放電時間最(zui)短，那么這節電池(chi)就是問(wen)題電池(chi)。

3、檢測(ce)單(dan)塊電(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)的靜(jing)態電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)（浮電(dian)(dian)(dian)）。當電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)為零時(shi)，有兩種(zhong)可能(neng)：一(yi)種(zhong)是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)完全斷(duan)路，電(dian)(dian)(dian)路不通，電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)為零；另(ling)一(yi)種(zhong)就是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)放(fang)置(zhi)時(shi)間過長，電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)低至1-2V，甚至為(wei)零。

第三步(bu)、檢(jian)查蓄電池電解液是否“失水”、發黑：

檢查電解液(ye)是(shi)否(fou)變質(zhi)或“失水”。對蓄電池充電3-6個小時后，用手觸觸摸每節(jie)電瓶(ping)外殼側面，如果電瓶(ping)發(fa)熱燙手，這節(jie)電池已經(jing)壞死；如果只是發(fa)熱，溫(wen)度在40度左(zuo)右(you)，同時充電(dian)(dian)時充電(dian)(dian)器一直亮著(zhu)紅燈(deng)，說(shuo)明電(dian)(dian)池嚴重“失(shi)水”；另外(wai)也可(ke)以打(da)開電(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)的(de)蓋(gai)子，檢查“失(shi)水”狀態(tai)。

二、蓄電池修復方法技術

1、脈沖(chong)修復法：

蓄電(dian)池(chi)(chi)消除(chu)硫化比較好的(de)(de)方法就(jiu)是采用(yong)脈(mo)沖修復法。在修復蓄電(dian)池(chi)(chi)時，脈(mo)沖的(de)(de)瞬(shun)間電(dian)壓一般根據產品所體現的(de)(de)功能需要，采取(qu)的(de)(de)瞬(shun)間電(dian)壓為60V—300V之(zhi)間，如用(yong)于蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池延壽(shou)的產(chan)品脈(mo)(mo)沖(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)值就不益過大，專門由于蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池修復產(chan)品的脈(mo)(mo)沖(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)值就可(ke)以偏大（如果脈(mo)(mo)沖(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)值太(tai)大對電(dian)(dian)(dian)池極板會造(zao)成(cheng)損傷），脈(mo)(mo)沖(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)高，蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池修復時間短，脈(mo)(mo)沖(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)低，蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池修復時間相對就長，盡管脈(mo)(mo)沖(chong)瞬間電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)很高，但平均電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)并(bing)不高，對人體沒(mei)有傷害，十分安全(quan)。

市(shi)場上有專門的(de)脈沖(chong)(chong)發生(sheng)器銷售，但要(yao)注意選擇效(xiao)果好的(de)一(yi)種(zhong)。脈沖(chong)(chong)與蓄(xu)電池極(ji)板的(de)諧(xie)振很重要(yao)，這(zhe)就取決與脈沖(chong)(chong)頻率大小、幅度寬(kuan)窄，脈沖(chong)(chong)頻率和幅度不夠就達不到(dao)消(xiao)(xiao)除硫(liu)酸結晶的(de)效(xiao)果，頻率和幅度太(tai)大則會出現(xian)消(xiao)(xiao)除了硫(liu)化而損(sun)傷了電極(ji)板，并出現(xian)析氣現(xian)象；同時，脈沖(chong)(chong)波形(xing)也(ye)有很多種(zhong)，在示(shi)(shi)波器上可以顯示(shi)(shi)。

2、強電修復法：

強電(dian)(dian)修(xiu)(xiu)復法(fa)(fa)就是(shi)采(cai)取充電(dian)(dian)時(shi)的(de)持久高電(dian)(dian)壓或大(da)電(dian)(dian)流修(xiu)(xiu)復蓄電(dian)(dian)池的(de)方法(fa)(fa)，多在脈(mo)沖修(xiu)(xiu)復法(fa)(fa)效果不明顯(xian)時(shi)采(cai)用。其一、高電(dian)(dian)壓修(xiu)(xiu)復法(fa)(fa)：這種方法(fa)(fa)主要(yao)是(shi)采(cai)取電(dian)(dian)池標稱電(dian)(dian)壓的(de)1.3-1.5倍的充電電壓修復電池，如36V蓄(xu)電池在充電電流不變或(huo)接近的條件下，采(cai)用48V的充電(dian)(dian)器進行充電(dian)(dian)，充電(dian)(dian)時間要掌握分寸(cun)，不易過(guo)長，否則電(dian)(dian)池(chi)會因析(xi)氣發熱。

3、全充全放電修復法：

全(quan)(quan)(quan)充全(quan)(quan)(quan)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)修(xiu)復法(fa)就是(shi)對(dui)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池采取完全(quan)(quan)(quan)充滿電(dian)(dian)后，再完全(quan)(quan)(quan)的(de)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)修(xiu)復蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池的(de)方法(fa)。全(quan)(quan)(quan)充全(quan)(quan)(quan)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)修(xiu)復法(fa)主要是(shi)對(dui)輕度損傷的(de)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池具有一定的(de)修(xiu)復作(zuo)用，同時此方法(fa)還可以(yi)有效(xiao)的(de)激活電(dian)(dian)瓶深層的(de)活性(xing)物質，提高蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池容量。

4、補(bu)水修復法：

對蓄電池“失水”采取補水的方法便可修復，其目的是稀釋濃度提高的硫酸正常進行電解反應。補水方法上較為簡單，只用打開蓄電池上蓋，可以看見有六個圓孔，向每個圓孔注射一定量的蒸餾水，再浸泡24小時以上就(jiu)可以了。

5、重新(xin)配組修復(fu)法：

電動車電池一般是由幾節電池串聯而成的電池組，電池壞損是多方面的，可能電池會同時存在幾個方面的損傷：對于硫化的電瓶，修復后使用效果較好；但是對于極板軟化以及斷隔的電瓶，即時可以修復，因屬物理硬傷，可再利用價值不大，修復后的使用時間也極短，再修復的效果將會更差。

蓄電池修復方法

1、電池串聯修復法：這種方法是當單節電池標稱電壓低于12V時就可以采用這個辦法。例如，市面上有可以充電應急燈而常常采用的6V 4Ah的蓄電池，而測試儀單路輸出為12V，這時就可以串聯兩個6V 電池，把它們接入測(ce)試儀進(jin)行硫修復。

2、輸出組合法：對于那種放了(le)很(hen)(hen)久的電(dian)(dian)池或(huo)者(zhe)說自放電(dian)(dian)很(hen)(hen)嚴(yan)重(zhong)以及硫化(hua)很(hen)(hen)嚴(yan)重(zhong)的電(dian)(dian)池，我們(men)不能采用(yong)補水和充(chong)電(dian)(dian)恢(hui)復(fu)的方法(fa)了(le)。而輸出(chu)組合法(fa)對嚴(yan)重(zhong)硫化(hua)的電(dian)(dian)池效果(guo)比較(jiao)好，在使(shi)用(yong)這個(ge)方法(fa)時，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流最好是(shi)5A。因為(wei)(wei)修復(fu)功能的疊加，修復(fu)負脈沖(chong)電(dian)(dian)流大于正脈，選擇5A是(shi)為(wei)(wei)了(le)彌補由此而產生(sheng)的充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流的抵消。

3、活化充電法：其實蓄電(dian)池(chi)在存儲或者是(shi)(shi)使用期間，我(wo)們(men)(men)可以(yi)定(ding)期給它進行活化充電(dian)，也就是(shi)(shi)所謂的均衡(heng)充電(dian)，這樣對蓄電(dian)池(chi)不可逆硫化是(shi)(shi)很(hen)有幫助的，因為就可以(yi)延長蓄電(dian)池(chi)的壽命，是(shi)(shi)很(hen)提倡的做法(fa)。我(wo)們(men)(men)在一般情況下，使用測試儀定(ding)期對電(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)—放電(dian)—充電(dian)就可以(yi)了。

4、加熱法：對(dui)于那種放(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)很久的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)池(chi)，電(dian)解(jie)液自(zi)然(ran)就成嚴重干涸的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)狀態。如(ru)果顧客(ke)急需要修(xiu)復的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)話(hua)，就可以采用這種加熱法(fa)。首先給要被修(xiu)復的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)池(chi)補水(shui)后(hou)，為了加快電(dian)解(jie)液向電(dian)池(chi)內部滲透(tou)和自(zi)身的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)化學反應，然(ran)后(hou)我們(men)就把(ba)補水(shui)后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)池(chi)放(fang)入70℃的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)熱水(shui)中浸(jin)泡，最(zui)后(hou)取出電(dian)池(chi)進行正(zheng)常(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)修(xiu)復工(gong)作。

汽車蓄電池修復技術

首先我(wo)(wo)們需要知道，蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)分(fen)為開口蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)和(he)閥(fa)控密封式蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)兩種，對(dui)于不(bu)同的(de)種類的(de)蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)其維護方式也是不(bu)一樣的(de)。我(wo)(wo)們第一個先來看(kan)看(kan)閥(fa)控密封式蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)修復方法。

1、清理

維護電(dian)池(chi)(chi)以前，首先(xian)要(yao)清理(li)被修電(dian)池(chi)(chi)外表的(de)灰塵(chen)，清除端(duan)子上面(mian)的(de)沾污和(he)銹(xiu)蝕。然后再打開排氣閥，觀察電(dian)池(chi)(chi)內部的(de)電(dian)解(jie)液(ye)。

2、撬開電池蓋，根據情況處理

撬開(kai)膠粘的(de)(de)或者熱封的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)上(shang)蓋，露出免維護電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)橡膠排(pai)氣閥，小(xiao)(xiao)心拆(chai)下(xia)排(pai)氣閥，觀察(cha)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)內部情況。檢(jian)查是否由(you)黑色(se)雜質，如果(guo)有(you)明顯(xian)的(de)(de)黑色(se)渾(hun)濁(zhuo)雜質，說明電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)正(zheng)極板已經明顯(xian)的(de)(de)軟化，電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)修好(hao)的(de)(de)可能性比(bi)較小(xiao)(xiao)。如果(guo)沒(mei)有(you)黑色(se)渾(hun)濁(zhuo)雜質，需要(yao)等待4小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)以后，水(shui)充分深入電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)。同時(shi)，給電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)加含0.1%～0.5%的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)解液，到電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)上(shang)面剛好(hao)有(you)流動的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)解液。如果(guo)僅(jin)僅(jin)是因為停(ting)用時(shi)間(jian)較長而引(yin)起(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)容量下(xia)降，不需要(yao)進(jin)行本步(bu)驟操作，直(zhi)接(jie)進(jin)入下(xia)面預(yu)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)。

3、對電池進行恒壓限流充電

一般采用(yong)0.1c～0.25c電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)，到(dao)16.2v以后(hou)，通過(guo)降低(di)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)的(de)方(fang)法，維持(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)壓，一直到(dao)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)下(xia)降到(dao)0.03c的(de)時候(hou)(hou)，停(ting)止充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)。充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)以后(hou)，觀察(cha)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)內部(bu)是否還有游(you)離分(fen)子，如果(guo)沒有，需要補0.1%的(de)溶液(ye)，一直到(dao)出(chu)(chu)現少許游(you)離分(fen)子。如果(guo)每個單格(ge)里都(dou)有游(you)離分(fen)子，用(yong)傾(qing)倒和吸(xi)管吸(xi)出(chu)(chu)可見到(dao)的(de)游(you)離分(fen)子，使(shi)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)處(chu)于(yu)準貧(pin)液(ye)狀態。注(zhu)意，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)的(de)時候(hou)(hou)，會有氣(qi)體帶著(zhu)電(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye)從排氣(qi)孔中(zhong)溢(yi)出(chu)(chu)，為了不(bu)污染環境，電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)應該放到(dao)特定的(de)容(rong)器中(zhong)。

充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)結束以(yi)后，電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)靜止半小時(shi)以(yi)后，測量電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的開路電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)應該在12v以(yi)上，如果(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)低于(yu)12v，特別是低于(yu)10.8v，電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)可能有(you)內短路，該電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)已經沒有(you)維(wei)修(xiu)價值。

4、蓄電池修復

連接修(xiu)(xiu)復儀(yi)的(de)正(zheng)負(fu)輸(shu)出到電(dian)池的(de)正(zheng)負(fu)極柱上，開啟修(xiu)(xiu)復儀(yi)，對電(dian)池進行(xing)修(xiu)(xiu)復。首次修(xiu)(xiu)復時間應該(gai)不低于48小時。

5、容量測試

給電池按照(zhao)0.1c電流放(fang)電，記錄放(fang)電時間(jian)。其(qi)放(fang)電電流乘以時間(jian)的小時數，就是電池修復的容(rong)量(liang)。如果電池容(rong)量(liang)達到到標稱容(rong)量(liang)的70％以上，結束(shu)修復。如果容(rong)量(liang)沒有達到70％的標稱容(rong)量(liang)，繼(ji)續按照(zhao)步驟３充電。充電以后繼(ji)續修復，一般(ban)，超期(qi)存貯(zhu)一年的電池需要進行二(er)次修復，才可以恢復到超期(qi)存貯(zhu)以前的狀態。