蓄電池修復是真的嗎
隨著電力供配電行業,通信、通訊行業及電動車輛的發展,也帶動了為其配套的電源--蓄電池行業的發展和技術上的進步與創新。由于鉛酸蓄電池具有優異的性價比,所以目前國內外市場上除了便攜式電子產品外,為電動車輛、UPS系統、電(dian)(dian)訊設施(shi)(電(dian)(dian)信中心(xin),衛星地面站)、內(nei)燃機(ji)車、汽車、電(dian)(dian)站、變電(dian)(dian)站、應(ying)急電(dian)(dian)源、船舶及無電(dian)(dian)區(qu)光(guang)明工程的(de)(de)儲能電(dian)(dian)源等95%以上都是使用的(de)(de)鉛酸蓄電(dian)(dian)池。
型(xing)(xing)號不(bu)同、使用(yong)(yong)環境條(tiao)件不(bu)同的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi),其(qi)設計使用(yong)(yong)壽(shou)命也不(bu)同。如固定(ding)型(xing)(xing)排(pai)氣式的(de)鉛(qian)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)在(zai)20℃~25℃,浮充(chong)(chong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)條(tiao)件下(xia)使用(yong)(yong)其(qi)壽(shou)命有(you)15年;VRLA鉛(qian)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)在(zai)浮充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)條(tiao)件下(xia)使用(yong)(yong)其(qi)壽(shou)命在(zai)5~10年;牽引型(xing)(xing)(動(dong)力(li)型(xing)(xing))排(pai)氣式鉛(qian)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)壽(shou)命為(wei)1500周次(ci)(ci);動(dong)力(li)型(xing)(xing)VRLA鉛(qian)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)壽(shou)命為(wei)700次(ci)(ci)左右(you);電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)自行車(che)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)摩(mo)托車(che)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)三輪(lun)車(che)配(pei)套的(de)鉛(qian)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)壽(shou)命只有(you)350周次(ci)(ci)左右(you),即一(yi)年;汽車(che)上配(pei)套的(de)點火,照明,起動(dong)用(yong)(yong)的(de)VRLA鉛(qian)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)一(yi)般壽(shou)命為(wei)3~5年;所(suo)以(yi)鉛(qian)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)修(xiu)復對于市場占有(you)量最(zui)大,使用(yong)(yong)頻率最(zui)高,使用(yong)(yong)范(fan)圍最(zui)廣、壽(shou)命較(jiao)短(duan)且易出現早期(qi)失效的(de)鉛(qian)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)是主要(yao)工作的(de)對象。這些易出現早期(qi)失效的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)對其(qi)修(xiu)復后可以(yi)再次(ci)(ci)提交(jiao)使用(yong)(yong),因(yin)此(ci)大大的(de)延長了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)使用(yong)(yong)壽(shou)命,達到了既環保又(you)節約節能(neng)的(de)目的(de)。
蓄電池壞損修復的方法
一、電瓶檢測
第一步、檢(jian)查蓄電池外表狀(zhuang)態:
檢(jian)查蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)外形(xing)是(shi)否完好(hao)。檢(jian)查蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)外殼是(shi)否凸(tu)出(chu)、漏夜、斷隔、電(dian)瓶接(jie)線端子腐蝕(shi)等,如(ru)果有這(zhe)種現象,說明(ming)電(dian)瓶已經壞死(si);
第(di)二步(bu)、檢查(cha)蓄電池電壓是否(fou)正(zheng)常:
1、在充(chong)電(dian)進行(xing)時(二個小時后),分(fen)三(san)次(ci)檢測每節(jie)單塊電(dian)瓶的電(dian)壓,每次(ci)間隔(ge)20分鐘,如果有單(dan)塊(kuai)電(dian)池的(de)電(dian)壓(ya)超過15V的,意(yi)味電(dian)(dian)瓶硫化;如果電(dian)(dian)壓始終達不(bu)到(dao)13V以上(shang)的(de),說明這(zhe)節(jie)電瓶(ping)短路或單格落后;
2、在放電進行時,用萬(wan)用表(biao)分三次測(ce)量每(mei)節(jie)單體電瓶的電壓,每(mei)次間隔10分鐘,如果某單塊電(dian)瓶(ping)(ping)的(de)電(dian)壓下降(jiang)的(de)比其他幾節(jie)電(dian)瓶(ping)(ping)快,并且低于10V,加上這(zhe)節電(dian)池放電(dian)時(shi)間最短(duan),那么這(zhe)節電(dian)池就是問題電(dian)池。
3、檢測(ce)單塊電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶的(de)靜態電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(浮電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian))。當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)為(wei)零時,有兩(liang)種(zhong)可能(neng):一種(zhong)是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶完全斷路(lu),電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)不通,電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)為(wei)零;另(ling)一種(zhong)就是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶放(fang)置時間過(guo)長,電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)低至1-2V,甚至為(wei)零。
第三步、檢查蓄(xu)電池電解(jie)液是否(fou)“失水”、發黑:
檢(jian)查電解液是(shi)否變(bian)質或“失水”。對蓄電池充電3-6個小時后,用(yong)手觸觸摸每(mei)節電瓶外殼側面,如(ru)果電瓶發熱燙手,這(zhe)節電池已經壞死(si);如(ru)果只是發熱,溫度在40度(du)左右,同時(shi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)器一直亮著紅(hong)燈,說明電(dian)(dian)(dian)池嚴重“失水”;另(ling)外也可以打開電(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶的蓋子(zi),檢(jian)查“失水”狀態。
二、蓄電池修復方法技術
1、脈沖修復法:
蓄電池消除硫(liu)化比較好的(de)方法就是(shi)采用脈沖(chong)修(xiu)復(fu)法。在(zai)修(xiu)復(fu)蓄電池時,脈沖(chong)的(de)瞬間電壓一(yi)般根(gen)據產品所體現的(de)功能需要,采取的(de)瞬間電壓為60V—300V之間,如用(yong)于(yu)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)延壽的(de)產品脈(mo)沖(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓值就(jiu)不益過大,專門由于(yu)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)修復(fu)產品的(de)脈(mo)沖(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓值就(jiu)可以(yi)偏(pian)大(如果脈(mo)沖(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓值太大對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)極板會造成(cheng)損傷),脈(mo)沖(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓高,蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)修復(fu)時間短,脈(mo)沖(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓低,蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)修復(fu)時間相對(dui)就(jiu)長,盡管脈(mo)沖(chong)瞬間電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓很(hen)高,但(dan)平均電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓并(bing)不高,對(dui)人體沒有傷害,十分安(an)全。
市場上有專門的(de)脈沖(chong)(chong)發生(sheng)器銷售,但要注(zhu)意選擇效果好的(de)一種。脈沖(chong)(chong)與蓄電(dian)池(chi)極板的(de)諧(xie)振很(hen)重要,這就取(qu)決與脈沖(chong)(chong)頻(pin)率大(da)小、幅(fu)度(du)寬(kuan)窄,脈沖(chong)(chong)頻(pin)率和(he)幅(fu)度(du)不(bu)夠就達不(bu)到(dao)消(xiao)(xiao)除硫酸(suan)結晶的(de)效果,頻(pin)率和(he)幅(fu)度(du)太大(da)則會出現消(xiao)(xiao)除了硫化而損傷了電(dian)極板,并出現析氣現象(xiang);同時(shi),脈沖(chong)(chong)波(bo)形也有很(hen)多種,在示波(bo)器上可以顯示。
2、強電修復法:
強電(dian)修(xiu)(xiu)復法(fa)(fa)就是(shi)采取(qu)充電(dian)時(shi)的(de)持久高電(dian)壓(ya)或大電(dian)流(liu)修(xiu)(xiu)復蓄電(dian)池的(de)方法(fa)(fa),多在脈沖修(xiu)(xiu)復法(fa)(fa)效果不明顯時(shi)采用。其一、高電(dian)壓(ya)修(xiu)(xiu)復法(fa)(fa):這種方法(fa)(fa)主要是(shi)采取(qu)電(dian)池標稱電(dian)壓(ya)的(de)1.3-1.5倍的充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)壓修復電(dian)池(chi),如(ru)36V蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池在(zai)充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流不(bu)變(bian)或接近的條件下(xia),采(cai)用48V的充(chong)電器進行(xing)充(chong)電,充(chong)電時間(jian)要(yao)掌握分寸,不易過長,否則電池會(hui)因析氣(qi)發熱。
3、全(quan)(quan)充全(quan)(quan)放電修復(fu)法:
全(quan)充全(quan)放(fang)電(dian)修復法就(jiu)是(shi)對蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)采取完全(quan)充滿電(dian)后,再(zai)完全(quan)的(de)放(fang)電(dian)修復蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)方法。全(quan)充全(quan)放(fang)電(dian)修復法主要是(shi)對輕度損傷的(de)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)具有一定的(de)修復作用,同時此方法還可(ke)以有效的(de)激活電(dian)瓶深層的(de)活性物質,提高蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)容量。
4、補(bu)水修復法:
對蓄(xu)電池(chi)“失水”采取補水的方法便可修復,其目的是稀釋濃度提高的硫酸正常進行電解反應。補水方法上較為簡單,只用打開蓄電池上蓋,可以看見有六個圓孔,向每個圓孔注射一定量的蒸餾水,再浸泡24小時(shi)以(yi)上就可以(yi)了(le)。
5、重新配組修復法:
電動車電池一般是由幾節電池串聯而成的電池組,電池壞損是多方面的,可能電池會同時存在幾個方面的損傷:對于硫化的電瓶,修復后使用效果較好;但是對于極板軟化以及斷隔的電瓶,即時可以修復,因屬物理硬傷,可再利用價值不大,修復后的使用時間也極短,再修復的效果將會更差。
蓄電池修復方法
1、電池串聯修復法:這種方法是當單節電池標稱電壓低于12V時就可以采用這個辦法。例如,市面上有可以充電應急燈而常常采用的6V 4Ah的蓄電池,而測試儀單路輸出為12V,這時就可以串聯兩個6V 電池,把它們(men)接入測試儀進行硫修復。
2、輸出組合法:對(dui)于那種放了很(hen)久(jiu)的(de)電(dian)池(chi)或者說自放電(dian)很(hen)嚴重(zhong)以及硫化(hua)很(hen)嚴重(zhong)的(de)電(dian)池(chi),我們(men)不能采用補(bu)水和(he)充電(dian)恢復的(de)方(fang)法了。而(er)輸(shu)出組合法對(dui)嚴重(zhong)硫化(hua)的(de)電(dian)池(chi)效果比較好,在使用這個方(fang)法時(shi),充電(dian)電(dian)流(liu)最(zui)好是5A。因為(wei)(wei)修復功能的(de)疊加,修復負(fu)脈沖電(dian)流(liu)大于正(zheng)脈,選擇5A是為(wei)(wei)了彌補(bu)由此而(er)產生(sheng)的(de)充電(dian)電(dian)流(liu)的(de)抵消。
3、活化充電法:其實蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)在(zai)存儲或者(zhe)是(shi)使用期(qi)間(jian),我們可(ke)(ke)以定期(qi)給(gei)它進行(xing)活化(hua)充(chong)電(dian)(dian),也就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)所(suo)謂的(de)均衡充(chong)電(dian)(dian),這樣對(dui)(dui)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)不可(ke)(ke)逆硫化(hua)是(shi)很有幫助的(de),因(yin)為就(jiu)(jiu)可(ke)(ke)以延長蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)壽(shou)命,是(shi)很提倡的(de)做法(fa)。我們在(zai)一般情況下,使用測試儀定期(qi)對(dui)(dui)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)—放電(dian)(dian)—充(chong)電(dian)(dian)就(jiu)(jiu)可(ke)(ke)以了。
4、加熱法:對(dui)于那(nei)種放的(de)很久的(de)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi),電(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)液自然(ran)就(jiu)成嚴重干涸的(de)狀態。如果顧客急需要修(xiu)復的(de)話,就(jiu)可(ke)以采(cai)用這種加(jia)熱法。首先給要被(bei)修(xiu)復的(de)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)補(bu)水后(hou),為了(le)加(jia)快(kuai)電(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)液向電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)內部滲(shen)透和自身(shen)的(de)化學反應,然(ran)后(hou)我們就(jiu)把補(bu)水后(hou)的(de)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)放入70℃的(de)熱水中(zhong)浸泡,最后(hou)取出電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)進行正常(chang)的(de)修(xiu)復工(gong)作(zuo)。
汽車蓄電池修復技術
首先我(wo)們需要知道(dao),蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)分為開口蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)和閥(fa)控密封(feng)式(shi)(shi)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)兩種(zhong),對于不同的種(zhong)類(lei)的蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)其(qi)維(wei)護方(fang)式(shi)(shi)也是不一樣的。我(wo)們第一個先來看看閥(fa)控密封(feng)式(shi)(shi)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)的修復方(fang)法。
1、清理
維護(hu)電(dian)池(chi)以前,首(shou)先要清(qing)理被修電(dian)池(chi)外表的(de)(de)灰塵,清(qing)除端子上面的(de)(de)沾污和銹蝕。然后再打開排氣(qi)閥,觀察電(dian)池(chi)內部的(de)(de)電(dian)解液。
2、撬開電池蓋,根據情況處理
撬開(kai)膠(jiao)粘的(de)(de)或者熱封(feng)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)上(shang)蓋,露出免維(wei)護電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)橡(xiang)膠(jiao)排(pai)氣(qi)閥(fa),小心拆(chai)下排(pai)氣(qi)閥(fa),觀察(cha)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)內(nei)部情(qing)況。檢(jian)查是否(fou)由黑色雜(za)質(zhi),如(ru)果有明顯的(de)(de)黑色渾濁(zhuo)雜(za)質(zhi),說(shuo)明電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)正極(ji)板已經明顯的(de)(de)軟(ruan)化(hua),電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)修好(hao)的(de)(de)可能(neng)性比(bi)較小。如(ru)果沒有黑色渾濁(zhuo)雜(za)質(zhi),需要(yao)等待(dai)4小時(shi)以后(hou),水充分深入電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)。同時(shi),給電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)加(jia)含(han)0.1%~0.5%的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)解液(ye),到電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)上(shang)面剛(gang)好(hao)有流(liu)動(dong)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)解液(ye)。如(ru)果僅(jin)僅(jin)是因為停用時(shi)間較長(chang)而引(yin)起電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)容量下降(jiang),不需要(yao)進(jin)行本(ben)步驟操作,直接進(jin)入下面預充電(dian)(dian)(dian)。
3、對電池進行恒壓限流充電
一般采用0.1c~0.25c電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)充電(dian)(dian),到(dao)16.2v以后,通過降低電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)方法,維持充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)壓,一直(zhi)到(dao)充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)下降到(dao)0.03c的(de)(de)時候,停止充電(dian)(dian)。充電(dian)(dian)以后,觀察電(dian)(dian)池內部是否還(huan)有游離分(fen)(fen)子(zi)(zi),如果沒有,需要(yao)補(bu)0.1%的(de)(de)溶(rong)液,一直(zhi)到(dao)出現少許(xu)游離分(fen)(fen)子(zi)(zi)。如果每個單格(ge)里都有游離分(fen)(fen)子(zi)(zi),用傾倒和吸管吸出可見到(dao)的(de)(de)游離分(fen)(fen)子(zi)(zi),使(shi)電(dian)(dian)池處(chu)于準貧液狀(zhuang)態。注意,充電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)時候,會(hui)有氣(qi)體帶著(zhu)電(dian)(dian)解液從排氣(qi)孔中(zhong)溢出,為了不(bu)污染環境,電(dian)(dian)池應該(gai)放到(dao)特定的(de)(de)容(rong)器中(zhong)。
充電(dian)(dian)結束以(yi)后,電(dian)(dian)池(chi)靜(jing)止半小時(shi)以(yi)后,測量電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的開路電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya),電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)應該(gai)在(zai)12v以(yi)上,如果(guo)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)低于(yu)12v,特別(bie)是低于(yu)10.8v,電(dian)(dian)池(chi)可能有內短路,該(gai)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)已(yi)經(jing)沒有維修(xiu)價值。
4、蓄電池修復
連接修復(fu)儀(yi)的正負輸出到(dao)電池(chi)的正負極柱(zhu)上,開啟(qi)修復(fu)儀(yi),對(dui)電池(chi)進行修復(fu)。首(shou)次修復(fu)時間(jian)應(ying)該(gai)不低于48小時。
5、容量測試
給電(dian)(dian)池按照(zhao)0.1c電(dian)(dian)流放電(dian)(dian),記錄放電(dian)(dian)時(shi)間。其放電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流乘(cheng)以(yi)時(shi)間的小時(shi)數,就是電(dian)(dian)池修(xiu)復的容量(liang)。如(ru)果(guo)電(dian)(dian)池容量(liang)達到到標稱容量(liang)的70%以(yi)上,結束修(xiu)復。如(ru)果(guo)容量(liang)沒有達到70%的標稱容量(liang),繼(ji)續按照(zhao)步驟3充電(dian)(dian)。充電(dian)(dian)以(yi)后繼(ji)續修(xiu)復,一(yi)(yi)般(ban),超期存(cun)(cun)貯一(yi)(yi)年的電(dian)(dian)池需(xu)要進行二次(ci)修(xiu)復,才可以(yi)恢(hui)復到超期存(cun)(cun)貯以(yi)前的狀態。