定(ding)(ding)安黑(hei)豬(zhu)是(shi)海南省老牌(pai)地(di)方優良品種,是(shi)引進美國杜(du)洛克(ke)公豬(zhu)與定(ding)(ding)安本(ben)地(di)母(mu)豬(zhu)雜交培育出來的,具有繁殖力強、適應性強、抗病(bing)力強、早熟、耐粗飼、肉質好等優點(dian)。主要產于海南省定(ding)(ding)安縣(xian)雷鳴、龍門、龍河(he)等鎮(zhen),分(fen)布全縣(xian)各地(di)。
頭大小(xiao)適中,全(quan)身被毛黑色,兩耳向(xiang)前上方直立(li)或(huo)平伸,面微(wei)凹(ao),額較寬,背肩結(jie)合良好。背腰(yao)寬平直或(huo)微(wei)拱,以(yi)雙(shuang)脊為(wei)主,偶見單脊,腹(fu)小(xiao)。四肢健壯(zhuang),腿(tui)臀較豐滿,體質結(jie)實,結(jie)構(gou)勻稱。
具(ju)有耐粗飼(si),抗逆(ni)性(xing)強、生(sheng)長快(kuai)、肉質鮮(xian)美的(de)特點(dian),且由于全身(shen)皮毛呈(cheng)黑色而(er)被人(ren)們稱之“定安黑豬”,自問(wen)世(shi)以來,深受飼(si)養者和(he)消費者的(de)青睞。
外銷省內第一
據定安(an)(an)(an)縣(xian)畜牧獸醫(yi)局(ju)介紹,近年(nian)來,定安(an)(an)(an)縣(xian)將做強做大定安(an)(an)(an)黑(hei)(hei)豬產業做為農(nong)業產業結(jie)構(gou)調整,發展地方特色產業,增加農(nong)民收入的(de)重要工作(zuo)內(nei)容,并制定了一系列(lie)措施扶(fu)持定安(an)(an)(an)黑(hei)(hei)豬飼(si)養(yang)業的(de)發展,使定安(an)(an)(an)黑(hei)(hei)豬飼(si)養(yang)業不(bu)斷壯大,年(nian)均以(yi)二位數增長,全(quan)縣(xian)覆蓋率達100%。全(quan)縣(xian)存欄母豬42452頭(tou)(tou)(tou),年(nian)出欄仔(zi)豬75萬(wan)(wan)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)以(yi)上,其中本縣(xian)飼(si)養(yang)出欄肉(rou)豬30多(duo)萬(wan)(wan)頭(tou)(tou)(tou),外(wai)銷仔(zi)豬40萬(wan)(wan)多(duo)頭(tou)(tou)(tou),外(wai)銷肉(rou)豬18萬(wan)(wan)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)以(yi)上,成(cheng)為了定安(an)(an)(an)縣(xian)是(shi)海(hai)南(nan)省(sheng)唯一的(de)國家級綠色農(nong)產品示范基地縣(xian),同時又是(shi)海(hai)南(nan)省(sheng)無規定動物疫病示范區(qu)先進縣(xian),2006年(nian)7月,海(hai)南(nan)省(sheng)農(nong)副(fu)產品加工業園區(qu)也(ye)在該縣(xian)塔嶺工業開發區(qu)揭牌(pai)成(cheng)立,2007年(nian)再次(ci)批準為全(quan)國農(nong)業標(biao)準化生豬飼(si)養(yang)示范區(qu)。
2004年(nian)海南省(sheng)(sheng)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)廳將定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)安(an)(an)(an)黑(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)飼(si)(si)養(yang)列(lie)入無公害飼(si)(si)養(yang)示范(fan)建(jian)設項(xiang)目,2005年(nian)國(guo)家標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)化(hua)委員(yuan)會將定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)安(an)(an)(an)黑(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)飼(si)(si)養(yang)列(lie)入農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)化(hua)示范(fan)項(xiang)目。2005年(nian),定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)安(an)(an)(an)黑(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)飼(si)(si)養(yang)通(tong)(tong)過海南省(sheng)(sheng)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)廳無公害農(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)產(chan)地認定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding),2006年(nian),定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)安(an)(an)(an)黑(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)飼(si)(si)養(yang)通(tong)(tong)過國(guo)家農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)部農(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)質量安(an)(an)(an)全中心無公害農(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)認證,并(bing)正式確定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)“定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)安(an)(an)(an)黑(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)”這(zhe)一商品(pin)名稱。2006年(nian),為了(le)規范(fan)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)安(an)(an)(an)黑(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)化(hua)飼(si)(si)養(yang),提高與保證定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)安(an)(an)(an)黑(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)品(pin)質,加快定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)安(an)(an)(an)黑(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)飼(si)(si)養(yang)方(fang)式向養(yang)殖小區飼(si)(si)養(yang)和(he)專業(ye)(ye)化(hua)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)化(hua)飼(si)(si)養(yang)轉變,根據《中華人民(min)共(gong)和(he)國(guo)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)化(hua)法(fa)》、《地方(fang)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)管理辦法(fa)》的規定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding),定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)安(an)(an)(an)縣(xian)人民(min)政府組織編制并(bing)由(you)海南省(sheng)(sheng)質量技術監督局主持審定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)通(tong)(tong)過《定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)安(an)(an)(an)黑(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)飼(si)(si)養(yang)管理技術規程》海南省(sheng)(sheng)地方(fang)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)并(bing)于(yu)2007年(nian)公布實施。
數(shu)據顯示,2008年(nian)(nian),定(ding)安縣(xian)共有年(nian)(nian)出(chu)欄(lan)一萬(wan)頭的豬(zhu)場1家,年(nian)(nian)出(chu)欄(lan)4000頭的1家,年(nian)(nian)出(chu)欄(lan)500—1000頭的有23家,年(nian)(nian)出(chu)欄(lan)50頭以上(shang)的專(zhuan)業戶有76戶,各種飼(si)養(yang)方式大多采(cai)用(yong)自(zi)繁自(zi)養(yang),有利(li)于疫病防治,依照《定(ding)安黑豬(zhu)飼(si)養(yang)管(guan)理技術(shu)規程》嚴(yan)格飼(si)養(yang)管(guan)理。飼(si)料以玉米、稻谷、番(fan)薯、木薯、豆粕、番(fan)薯葉(xie)等為(wei)主,堅決杜絕(jue)使用(yong)禁用(yong)獸藥(yao)和添(tian)加劑(ji),并限制使用(yong)限用(yong)獸藥(yao)
“每頭黑豬(zhu)都必(bi)須經過(guo)嚴格檢疫(yi),合(he)(he)格者(zhe)才(cai)能出欄銷(xiao)售。”定(ding)安縣畜牧(mu)獸(shou)醫局有(you)個(ge)負(fu)責人告訴記者(zhe),該局每年春秋兩季依(yi)法(fa)開展免疫(yi)預(yu)防注(zhu)射,結合(he)(he)基礎(chu)免疫(yi)和市(shi)場免疫(yi),確保無(wu)重大豬(zhu)疫(yi)病發生;同時定(ding)期抽樣進行獸(shou)藥(yao)添加(jia)和殘(can)留檢驗(yan),嚴格控制獸(shou)藥(yao)規范使用。
此外,定安(an)(an)縣政府高(gao)度注重視科(ke)學(xue)養(yang)豬(zhu)(zhu),切實(shi)加大(da)科(ke)技投入,一是(shi)(shi)切實(shi)抓好(hao)定安(an)(an)黑(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)母(mu)本(ben)選育,大(da)力扶持建(jian)立(li)了跨越三個鄉(xiang)鎮(zhen)的定安(an)(an)本(ben)地(di)豬(zhu)(zhu)原種保(bao)護和(he)(he)(he)繁殖基地(di),有效保(bao)護了定安(an)(an)本(ben)地(di)豬(zhu)(zhu)的優(you)(you)良性能和(he)(he)(he)品質(zhi),為(wei)定安(an)(an)黑(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)生產提供(gong)了優(you)(you)良的母(mu)本(ben)。二(er)是(shi)(shi)嚴(yan)格選擇優(you)(you)質(zhi)杜洛克(ke)公豬(zhu)(zhu),切實(shi)保(bao)證(zheng)雜交定安(an)(an)黑(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)的品質(zhi)。三是(shi)(shi)每(mei)年(nian)定時(shi)在各鄉(xiang)鎮(zhen)舉辦培訓班(ban),由有關專(zhuan)家(jia)傳授豬(zhu)(zhu)人工授精技術(shu)、定安(an)(an)黑(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)飼(si)(si)養(yang)管(guan)理技術(shu)、疫病(bing)(bing)防治技術(shu),以提高(gao)飼(si)(si)養(yang)戶(hu)(hu)的飼(si)(si)養(yang)管(guan)理水平(ping)。四是(shi)(shi)每(mei)年(nian)定時(shi)開展動物(wu)疫病(bing)(bing)監測(ce),對(dui)重大(da)動物(wu)疫病(bing)(bing)豬(zhu)(zhu)瘟、口蹄(ti)疫等(deng)進(jin)行監測(ce)。同(tong)時(shi)大(da)力引導和(he)(he)(he)協調(diao)農(nong)戶(hu)(hu)開展定安(an)(an)黑(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)的標準化飼(si)(si)養(yang),建(jian)立(li)產、供(gong)、銷(xiao)一條龍服(fu)務體系。
而(er)市(shi)(shi)場對于品質上乘的定(ding)(ding)安黑(hei)豬(zhu)也給予了很(hen)好(hao)的回(hui)報,自(zi)(zi)進入海(hai)口家樂福(fu)超市(shi)(shi)銷售以(yi)來(lai),定(ding)(ding)安黑(hei)豬(zhu)一直處(chu)于供(gong)不應求狀態。幾乎(hu)每天(tian)都(dou)有(you)來(lai)自(zi)(zi)海(hai)口、三(san)亞、瓊(qiong)海(hai)、文昌(chang)等地豬(zhu)販子(zi)到(dao)該縣(xian)收購(gou),有(you)時還(huan)出現(xian)了搶購(gou)現(xian)象(xiang)。端(duan)午節期間(jian),定(ding)(ding)安共接到(dao)黑(hei)豬(zhu)肉粽子(zi)訂單10萬多個。
定(ding)安縣有(you)關部門正在(zai)和北京、廣州、香港等地(di)的(de)(de)客商(shang)談定(ding)安黑(hei)豬的(de)(de)進一步開發和外銷(xiao)業務(wu),力爭把定(ding)安黑(hei)豬這一具有(you)鮮(xian)明海(hai)南(nan)生態特色的(de)(de)、優質安全的(de)(de)產品推向國內(nei)國際更(geng)廣闊的(de)(de)市場(chang)。