定安(an)(an)黑豬是海(hai)南(nan)省老(lao)牌地方優(you)(you)良品種(zhong),是引(yin)進美國杜洛克公豬與定安(an)(an)本地母豬雜交培(pei)育出來的,具有繁殖力強、適(shi)應(ying)性強、抗病(bing)力強、早熟、耐粗飼、肉質好等優(you)(you)點。主(zhu)要產(chan)于海(hai)南(nan)省定安(an)(an)縣雷鳴、龍門(men)、龍河等鎮(zhen),分布(bu)全縣各(ge)地。
頭大小(xiao)(xiao)適(shi)中,全(quan)身被(bei)毛黑色,兩(liang)耳向前上方(fang)直立或平伸(shen),面(mian)微凹(ao),額較寬(kuan),背肩(jian)結合良好。背腰寬(kuan)平直或微拱(gong),以雙脊為主,偶見單脊,腹小(xiao)(xiao)。四(si)肢(zhi)健壯,腿臀較豐滿,體質(zhi)結實,結構勻(yun)稱(cheng)。
具有耐粗飼,抗逆性強、生長快(kuai)、肉(rou)質鮮美的特點(dian),且由于全身皮毛呈黑色而被(bei)人們稱之“定安黑豬”,自問世以(yi)來(lai),深受(shou)飼養者和消費者的青(qing)睞。
外銷省內第一
據定(ding)安(an)(an)縣畜(chu)牧獸醫局介紹,近年來,定(ding)安(an)(an)縣將做強做大定(ding)安(an)(an)黑(hei)豬(zhu)產業(ye)(ye)做為農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)產業(ye)(ye)結構調(diao)整,發展(zhan)地方(fang)特色產業(ye)(ye),增(zeng)加農(nong)(nong)民收(shou)入的重要(yao)工(gong)作內容(rong),并制(zhi)定(ding)了一(yi)系列(lie)措施扶持定(ding)安(an)(an)黑(hei)豬(zhu)飼(si)養業(ye)(ye)的發展(zhan),使定(ding)安(an)(an)黑(hei)豬(zhu)飼(si)養業(ye)(ye)不斷壯大,年均以二(er)位數增(zeng)長,全縣覆蓋率達100%。全縣存(cun)欄(lan)母豬(zhu)42452頭(tou)(tou),年出欄(lan)仔(zi)(zi)豬(zhu)75萬(wan)(wan)頭(tou)(tou)以上(shang),其中本縣飼(si)養出欄(lan)肉豬(zhu)30多萬(wan)(wan)頭(tou)(tou),外銷(xiao)仔(zi)(zi)豬(zhu)40萬(wan)(wan)多頭(tou)(tou),外銷(xiao)肉豬(zhu)18萬(wan)(wan)頭(tou)(tou)以上(shang),成(cheng)為了定(ding)安(an)(an)縣是海南省(sheng)唯一(yi)的國家級綠色農(nong)(nong)產品示范基地縣,同時(shi)又是海南省(sheng)無規定(ding)動物疫病示范區(qu)(qu)先進縣,2006年7月(yue),海南省(sheng)農(nong)(nong)副產品加工(gong)業(ye)(ye)園區(qu)(qu)也(ye)在該縣塔嶺工(gong)業(ye)(ye)開發區(qu)(qu)揭(jie)牌成(cheng)立,2007年再次批準為全國農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)標準化生豬(zhu)飼(si)養示范區(qu)(qu)。
2004年海(hai)南(nan)省(sheng)農(nong)業(ye)廳將(jiang)定安(an)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)豬飼(si)(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)列入無(wu)公害飼(si)(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)示(shi)范建(jian)設項目,2005年國(guo)家(jia)標(biao)準(zhun)化(hua)(hua)委員(yuan)會將(jiang)定安(an)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)豬飼(si)(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)列入農(nong)業(ye)標(biao)準(zhun)化(hua)(hua)示(shi)范項目。2005年,定安(an)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)豬飼(si)(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)通過(guo)(guo)海(hai)南(nan)省(sheng)農(nong)業(ye)廳無(wu)公害農(nong)產(chan)品(pin)產(chan)地認定,2006年,定安(an)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)豬飼(si)(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)通過(guo)(guo)國(guo)家(jia)農(nong)業(ye)部農(nong)產(chan)品(pin)質(zhi)量安(an)全中心無(wu)公害農(nong)產(chan)品(pin)認證(zheng),并(bing)正式確定“定安(an)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)豬”這一(yi)商品(pin)名稱。2006年,為了規范定安(an)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)豬標(biao)準(zhun)化(hua)(hua)飼(si)(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang),提高與保(bao)證(zheng)定安(an)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)豬品(pin)質(zhi),加(jia)快定安(an)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)豬飼(si)(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)方式向養(yang)(yang)(yang)殖小區飼(si)(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)和專業(ye)化(hua)(hua)標(biao)準(zhun)化(hua)(hua)飼(si)(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)轉變,根據(ju)《中華人民共和國(guo)標(biao)準(zhun)化(hua)(hua)法》、《地方標(biao)準(zhun)管理辦法》的(de)規定,定安(an)縣人民政府組織編制并(bing)由(you)海(hai)南(nan)省(sheng)質(zhi)量技術(shu)監督局(ju)主(zhu)持審定通過(guo)(guo)《定安(an)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)豬飼(si)(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)管理技術(shu)規程》海(hai)南(nan)省(sheng)地方標(biao)準(zhun)并(bing)于2007年公布實施(shi)。
數據顯示(shi),2008年(nian)(nian)(nian),定(ding)安(an)縣共有(you)年(nian)(nian)(nian)出欄(lan)一萬(wan)頭(tou)的豬場1家,年(nian)(nian)(nian)出欄(lan)4000頭(tou)的1家,年(nian)(nian)(nian)出欄(lan)500—1000頭(tou)的有(you)23家,年(nian)(nian)(nian)出欄(lan)50頭(tou)以上的專(zhuan)業戶(hu)有(you)76戶(hu),各種飼(si)養方(fang)式(shi)大多采用自(zi)繁(fan)自(zi)養,有(you)利于(yu)疫病防治,依(yi)照(zhao)《定(ding)安(an)黑豬飼(si)養管理技術(shu)規(gui)程》嚴格飼(si)養管理。飼(si)料以玉米、稻谷、番薯、木(mu)薯、豆粕、番薯葉等(deng)為主,堅決杜絕使(shi)用禁用獸藥(yao)和添加劑(ji),并限(xian)制使(shi)用限(xian)用獸藥(yao)
“每頭黑豬都必須經過嚴格(ge)檢疫(yi)(yi),合格(ge)者才能出欄銷(xiao)售(shou)。”定安縣畜牧獸(shou)(shou)醫局有個負責人告訴記者,該局每年春秋兩(liang)季依法(fa)開展(zhan)免疫(yi)(yi)預防注射,結合基礎免疫(yi)(yi)和(he)市(shi)場免疫(yi)(yi),確(que)保無重大豬疫(yi)(yi)病發生;同時定期抽樣進行獸(shou)(shou)藥添加和(he)殘留(liu)檢驗,嚴格(ge)控制獸(shou)(shou)藥規(gui)范使用。
此外(wai),定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)安(an)(an)縣政府高(gao)度(du)注重(zhong)視科(ke)學養(yang)(yang)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),切(qie)實(shi)(shi)加(jia)大(da)(da)科(ke)技(ji)投入,一(yi)是(shi)切(qie)實(shi)(shi)抓好定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)安(an)(an)黑豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)母(mu)本選育,大(da)(da)力扶(fu)持建(jian)立(li)了(le)跨(kua)越三個鄉鎮(zhen)的定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)安(an)(an)本地豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)原種保護和繁殖基地,有效保護了(le)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)安(an)(an)本地豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的優(you)(you)良性能和品質,為定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)安(an)(an)黑豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)生產提(ti)供了(le)優(you)(you)良的母(mu)本。二是(shi)嚴格(ge)選擇優(you)(you)質杜洛克公豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),切(qie)實(shi)(shi)保證(zheng)雜交定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)安(an)(an)黑豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的品質。三是(shi)每(mei)年定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)時在各(ge)鄉鎮(zhen)舉(ju)辦(ban)培訓(xun)班,由有關專家傳(chuan)授(shou)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)人工(gong)授(shou)精技(ji)術(shu)、定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)安(an)(an)黑豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)飼(si)養(yang)(yang)管理技(ji)術(shu)、疫病(bing)(bing)防治(zhi)技(ji)術(shu),以提(ti)高(gao)飼(si)養(yang)(yang)戶(hu)的飼(si)養(yang)(yang)管理水平(ping)。四是(shi)每(mei)年定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)時開展動物疫病(bing)(bing)監測(ce),對重(zhong)大(da)(da)動物疫病(bing)(bing)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)瘟(wen)、口蹄疫等進行監測(ce)。同時大(da)(da)力引導和協調農(nong)戶(hu)開展定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)安(an)(an)黑豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的標(biao)準(zhun)化飼(si)養(yang)(yang),建(jian)立(li)產、供、銷一(yi)條龍服務體系。
而(er)市場(chang)對于(yu)品質上乘(cheng)的定(ding)(ding)安(an)(an)黑(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)也給予了很好的回報,自進入(ru)海(hai)口(kou)家樂福超市銷售以來,定(ding)(ding)安(an)(an)黑(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)一直處于(yu)供不應求(qiu)狀態。幾(ji)乎每天都有來自海(hai)口(kou)、三(san)亞、瓊海(hai)、文(wen)昌等(deng)地(di)豬(zhu)(zhu)販子(zi)到該(gai)縣收(shou)購,有時還出現(xian)了搶購現(xian)象。端午節期(qi)間,定(ding)(ding)安(an)(an)共接(jie)到黑(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)肉粽(zong)子(zi)訂單10萬多個。
定(ding)安縣有(you)關部門(men)正在和北京(jing)、廣州、香港等地的客(ke)商談定(ding)安黑豬的進一(yi)(yi)步開發和外銷業務(wu),力(li)爭(zheng)把定(ding)安黑豬這(zhe)一(yi)(yi)具(ju)有(you)鮮明海南生態特色的、優質安全的產品推向國內國際更廣闊(kuo)的市場。