一.產品介紹
峨(e)(e)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)彝(yi)(yi)族自(zi)治縣(xian)位(wei)于四川省西南部(bu)小(xiao)涼山(shan)(shan)區(qu)(qu),土壤肥沃,氣候條件得(de)天獨厚(hou),非常(chang)(chang)適合馬(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)生(sheng)長(chang)。峨(e)(e)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)馬(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)歷(li)史(shi)(shi)悠久,早(zao)在(zai)《峨(e)(e)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)縣(xian)志》(1915年(nian)(nian)(nian)版(ban))記載:“高(gao)(gao)(gao)山(shan)(shan)彝(yi)(yi)族地(di)區(qu)(qu)農(nong)作物(wu)有(you)玉(yu)(yu)米(mi)、蕎麥、馬(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu),低(di)山(shan)(shan)區(qu)(qu)主(zhu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)有(you)玉(yu)(yu)米(mi)、水稻、小(xiao)麥、薯(shu)(shu)(shu)類...解放(fang)前(qian),峨(e)(e)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)彝(yi)(yi)族人(ren)(ren)民(min)以玉(yu)(yu)米(mi)、蕎麥、洋(yang)(yang)(yang)芋(yu)(馬(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu))為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)食(shi),漢(han)族兼吃洋(yang)(yang)(yang)芋(yu)(馬(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu))、瓜類、豆(dou)類等(deng)”。在(zai)彝(yi)(yi)族土語中(zhong)(zhong),馬(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)又名“洋(yang)(yang)(yang)喲”、“窩來(lai)”,是彝(yi)(yi)族同胞婚、喪、嫁、娶等(deng)日常(chang)(chang)生(sheng)活(huo)中(zhong)(zhong)不可缺的(de)重要(yao)作物(wu)。峨(e)(e)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)人(ren)(ren)民(min)每(mei)(mei)家早(zao)上都要(yao)煮一鍋洋(yang)(yang)(yang)芋(yu)作為(wei)(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)午打尖的(de)食(shi)品,在(zai)“集(ji)爾(er)集(ji)鐵”、“蒙格”等(deng)彝(yi)(yi)族傳統(tong)會議中(zhong)(zhong),自(zi)古(gu)就有(you)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)燒洋(yang)(yang)(yang)芋(yu)、吃洋(yang)(yang)(yang)芋(yu),邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)商討問題的(de)習俗。 歷(li)史(shi)(shi)以來(lai)峨(e)(e)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)農(nong)民(min)幾乎每(mei)(mei)家都要(yao)種植(zhi)馬(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu),在(zai)長(chang)期的(de)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)實踐中(zhong)(zhong),總(zong)結(jie)出了許多(duo)馬(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)栽(zai)培技(ji)術(shu)和(he)種植(zhi)模式,并于1994年(nian)(nian)(nian)首次進行(xing)馬(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)施用健壯(zhuang)素試驗示(shi)范(fan)(fan)推(tui)廣(guang),此項技(ji)術(shu)獲1998年(nian)(nian)(nian)度樂山(shan)(shan)市科技(ji)進步三等(deng)獎(jiang)。近(jin)年(nian)(nian)(nian)來(lai),峨(e)(e)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)馬(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)發展得(de)到(dao)上級領導、各部(bu)門的(de)大(da)(da)力(li)支持和(he)幫(bang)助(zhu),取得(de)了可喜的(de)成(cheng)績。2008年(nian)(nian)(nian)峨(e)(e)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)縣(xian)被中(zhong)(zhong)國科學(xue)技(ji)術(shu)協會、財政部(bu)評為(wei)(wei)科普示(shi)范(fan)(fan)(脫毒(du)馬(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu))基地(di),2008-2010年(nian)(nian)(nian)被四川省農(nong)業(ye)廳列為(wei)(wei)脫毒(du)馬(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)良種繁育基地(di),2010年(nian)(nian)(nian)被農(nong)業(ye)部(bu)指(zhi)定(ding)為(wei)(wei)馬(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)高(gao)(gao)(gao)產(chan)(chan)(chan)創建活(huo)動縣(xian),2011年(nian)(nian)(nian)被四川省馬(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)創新團隊(dui)列為(wei)(wei)重點縣(xian)。2011年(nian)(nian)(nian)4月,四川省冬(dong)(dong)(dong)作馬(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)技(ji)術(shu)研討及現場(chang)會在(zai)峨(e)(e)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)成(cheng)功召(zhao)開,經專(zhuan)家組(zu)驗收(shou)認定(ding),峨(e)(e)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)冬(dong)(dong)(dong)馬(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)旱(han)地(di)高(gao)(gao)(gao)產(chan)(chan)(chan)攻(gong)關、水旱(han)輪作高(gao)(gao)(gao)產(chan)(chan)(chan)攻(gong)關、薯(shu)(shu)(shu)/玉(yu)(yu)/菜三高(gao)(gao)(gao)種植(zhi)模式產(chan)(chan)(chan)量均創全省第(di)一。四川日報、四川科技(ji)報、中(zhong)(zhong)國網等(deng)分別以《峨(e)(e)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian):“薯(shu)(shu)(shu)”光(guang)在(zai)前(qian) 產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)致富》、《學(xue)“峨(e)(e)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)經驗” 促我省馬(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)再上臺階》、《峨(e)(e)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)冬(dong)(dong)(dong)馬(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)創造(zao)四川大(da)(da)面(mian)積(ji)高(gao)(gao)(gao)產(chan)(chan)(chan)紀錄》給予(yu)宣傳報道,對峨(e)(e)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)馬(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)發展和(he)工(gong)作給予(yu)高(gao)(gao)(gao)度贊揚和(he)肯定(ding)。 峨(e)(e)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)彝(yi)(yi)族自(zi)治縣(xian)縣(xian)委、人(ren)(ren)民(min)政府遵照四川省常(chang)(chang)務副省長(chang)鐘(zhong)勉“要(yao)繼續支持峨(e)(e)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)縣(xian)加大(da)(da)推(tui)廣(guang)力(li)度,并首先(xian)在(zai)大(da)(da)小(xiao)涼山(shan)(shan)彝(yi)(yi)區(qu)(qu)示(shi)范(fan)(fan)推(tui)廣(guang)”的(de)指(zhi)示(shi)精神,大(da)(da)力(li)推(tui)廣(guang)冬(dong)(dong)(dong)馬(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)旱(han)地(di)高(gao)(gao)(gao)產(chan)(chan)(chan)攻(gong)關、水旱(han)輪作高(gao)(gao)(gao)產(chan)(chan)(chan)攻(gong)關和(he)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)-玉(yu)(yu)米(mi)-菜種植(zhi)模式。2012年(nian)(nian)(nian)全縣(xian)馬(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)種植(zhi)面(mian)積(ji)可達12萬(wan)畝,2014年(nian)(nian)(nian)力(li)爭種植(zhi)面(mian)積(ji)達到(dao)20萬(wan)畝,新增收(shou)2億元,商品薯(shu)(shu)(shu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)量突(tu)破(po)30萬(wan)噸,把峨(e)(e)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)縣(xian)打造(zao)成(cheng)全國馬(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)冬(dong)(dong)(dong)作示(shi)范(fan)(fan)縣(xian)和(he)全省現代馬(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)示(shi)范(fan)(fan)縣(xian)。
二(er).自然生(sheng)態環(huan)境(jing)和(he)人文(wen)歷史因(yin)素
峨(e)邊馬(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)薯(shu)(shu)產(chan)區(qu)位(wei)于四川盆地與云貴高(gao)原的過渡(du)地帶,地形(xing)高(gao)差懸殊,以(yi)坡地居多,海拔469-4288米。產(chan)區(qu)土壤(rang)以(yi)黃壤(rang)、紫壤(rang)為主(zhu),ph值5.5-7.5,有機質含量豐(feng)富、土層(ceng)厚且肥(fei)沃(wo),適(shi)合(he)馬(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)薯(shu)(shu)的種植(zhi)。 峨(e)邊馬(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)薯(shu)(shu)產(chan)區(qu)屬(shu)亞熱帶濕潤季風氣候,氣溫隨海拔高(gao)度(du)而異,垂(chui)直差異明顯,形(xing)成“一山(shan)分四季,十(shi)里不同天(tian),山(shan)頂戴雪帽,山(shan)腳百花鮮”的獨(du)特氣候條件(jian)。年平(ping)均(jun)氣溫16.5℃,平(ping)均(jun)日照時(shi)數1049小時(shi),穩定通(tong)過0℃的積溫6039℃,無(wu)霜期304天(tian),平(ping)均(jun)降水量1000.9mm,非常適(shi)合(he)馬(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)薯(shu)(shu)種植(zhi),尤其是冬作馬(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)薯(shu)(shu)的發展(zhan),形(xing)成了(le)峨(e)邊馬(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)薯(shu)(shu)薯(shu)(shu)型好、表皮光滑、口感好、營養豐(feng)富等(deng)特點。
三.地域范圍
峨(e)邊馬(ma)鈴薯農產品地(di)理標志地(di)域保(bao)護范圍(wei)包括四川省(sheng)樂山市峨(e)邊彝族自(zi)治縣(xian)的沙坪(ping)(ping)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、毛坪(ping)(ping)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、新(xin)林(lin)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、五(wu)渡鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、大堡鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、白楊鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、紅花鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、宜坪(ping)(ping)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、楊村(cun)(cun)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、楊河鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、金(jin)巖鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、勒(le)烏鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、黑(hei)竹(zhu)(zhu)溝(gou)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、哈(ha)曲鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、萬(wan)坪(ping)(ping)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、覺莫鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、平(ping)等鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、共和(he)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、新(xin)場鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)等19個鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)),129個行政村(cun)(cun),地(di)理坐標為東經102°54′-103°33′、北緯28°39′-29°19′之間,東到(dao)平(ping)等鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)清溪村(cun)(cun),南到(dao)勒(le)烏鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)山峰村(cun)(cun),西到(dao)黑(hei)竹(zhu)(zhu)溝(gou)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)依烏村(cun)(cun),北到(dao)新(xin)場鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)龐溝(gou)村(cun)(cun)。保(bao)護面積239550公(gong)頃(qing),年(nian)產量9.2萬(wan)噸。
四.產品品質特(te)性(xing)特(te)征
(1)外(wai)在感官特征(zheng):峨邊馬(ma)鈴薯(shu)薯(shu)型(xing)圓形或橢圓形,表皮(pi)光滑(hua)(hua)、黃(huang)皮(pi)黃(huang)肉(rou)或白皮(pi)白肉(rou),光澤(ze)度好(hao),芽眼較淺,適(shi)宜鮮食菜(cai)用(yong),香味(wei)四溢,口感香甜(tian)滑(hua)(hua)潤,風味(wei)獨特,不易斷(duan)裂。
(2)內在品質(zhi)指標:峨邊馬鈴薯淀粉≥15.5%,干物(wu)質(zhi)≥18.5%,含有豐富的維生素C。
(3)安(an)全(quan)要求(qiu):產(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)環境條件、土(tu)壤環境質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)、農田灌(guan)溉水質(zhi)(zhi)標準符(fu)合(he)無公(gong)害(hai)馬鈴薯生產(chan)(chan)(chan)基地(di)(di)環境質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)DB51/336-2003、GB15618、GB5084的規定;生產(chan)(chan)(chan)過程中農藥和化肥的使(shi)(shi)(shi)用符(fu)合(he)《無公(gong)害(hai)農產(chan)(chan)(chan)品農藥使(shi)(shi)(shi)用準則》(DB51/337-2003)和《無公(gong)害(hai)農產(chan)(chan)(chan)品生產(chan)(chan)(chan)用肥使(shi)(shi)(shi)用準則》(DB51/338-2003);產(chan)(chan)(chan)品質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)符(fu)合(he)《無公(gong)害(hai)食品 薯芋類蔬菜》(NY5221-2005)。