“短枝冬棗(zao)(zao)”(沾(zhan)化二代(dai)冬棗(zao)(zao))是暨(ji)沾(zhan)化冬棗(zao)(zao)的一個(ge)新(xin)生代(dai)優質晚(wan)熟鮮(xian)食品種(zhong)。冬棗(zao)(zao)古稱貢棗(zao)(zao),屬于(yu)鼠李科,棗(zao)(zao)屬。是無刺棗(zao)(zao)樹的又(you)一個(ge)晚(wan)熟鮮(xian)食優良品種(zhong)。
“短枝冬(dong)棗”(沾化(hua)(hua)二代冬(dong)棗)果(guo)形(xing)扁圓(yuan)(yuan),個頭(tou)大(da),比(bi)普(pu)通“沾化(hua)(hua)冬(dong)棗”大(da)一倍左右(you),且(qie)生長(chang)較快,平均(jun)每(mei)個20克(ke)以上,外形(xing)非常漂亮(liang);而傳統的冬(dong)棗果(guo)形(xing)多(duo)樣化(hua)(hua),或圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)、或長(chang)橢(tuo)圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing),且(qie)個頭(tou)大(da)小不均(jun)勻
“短枝(zhi)冬(dong)棗”在我國山東(dong)(dong)省沾化(hua)韓家(jia)村(沾化(hua)冬(dong)棗公(gong)社)、山東(dong)(dong)省沾化(hua)下(xia)洼周(zhou)邊有種植。
沾化(hua)二(er)(er)(er)代(dai)又稱沾化(hua)2代(dai)、沾化(hua)二(er)(er)(er)號(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)、沾化(hua)2號(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)、冬(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)二(er)(er)(er)代(dai)、冬(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)2代(dai)、冬(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)二(er)(er)(er)號(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)、冬(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)2號(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)、沾化(hua)冬(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)二(er)(er)(er)代(dai)、沾化(hua)冬(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)2代(dai)、沾化(hua)冬(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)二(er)(er)(er)號(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)、沾化(hua)冬(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)2號(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)、沾冬(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)二(er)(er)(er)代(dai)、沾冬(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)2代(dai)、沾冬(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)二(er)(er)(er)號(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)、沾冬(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)2號(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)、短枝(zhi)(zhi)冬(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)、短枝(zhi)(zhi)沾化(hua)、短枝(zhi)(zhi)沾化(hua)冬(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)是魯北地(di)區的一個(ge)優質晚熟鮮食品種(zhong)。
短(duan)枝冬棗(zao)難管理(li)、產(chan)量低,只在我國山東省(sheng)沾(zhan)化(hua)韓家村(沾(zhan)化(hua)冬棗(zao)公社(she))、山東省(sheng)沾(zhan)化(hua)下洼周邊有種植(zhi)。
因短枝冬棗(zao)樹木枝條(tiao)較短,故棗(zao)農(nong)又(you)稱之為短枝冬棗(zao)。
短(duan)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冬(dong)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)(沾化(hua)二代冬(dong)棗(zao)(zao)(zao))已被公(gong)認為沾化(hua)冬(dong)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)的(de)更(geng)新(xin)品種。“沾化(hua)短(duan)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冬(dong)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)”與(yu)傳(chuan)統(tong)(tong)的(de)“沾化(hua)冬(dong)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)”相(xiang)比較有以下優勢(shi): 一是(shi)生長勢(shi)中庸,成(cheng)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)力(li)弱,易坐果(guo)(guo)。短(duan)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冬(dong)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)只有很少(shao)量的(de)芽(ya)能抽(chou)生為棗(zao)(zao)(zao)頭枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),不像傳(chuan)統(tong)(tong)的(de)“沾化(hua)冬(dong)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)”那樣(yang)(yang)每個(ge)(ge)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)股都萌生為棗(zao)(zao)(zao)頭,從而減少(shao)了每年(nian)因(yin)抹(mo)芽(ya)而占(zhan)用的(de)大(da)批(pi)用工量。中庸的(de)樹勢(shi),集(ji)中了營養(yang),提高了坐果(guo)(guo)率。 二是(shi)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)花子(zi)房體較大(da),棗(zao)(zao)(zao)果(guo)(guo)外形美觀,個(ge)(ge)頭較大(da)。短(duan)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冬(dong)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)果(guo)(guo)形扁圓(yuan),個(ge)(ge)頭大(da),比普通(tong)沾化(hua)冬(dong)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)大(da)一倍(bei)左(zuo)右,且生長較快,平均每個(ge)(ge)20克以上,外形非(fei)常漂亮;而傳(chuan)統(tong)(tong)的(de)冬(dong)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)果(guo)(guo)形多樣(yang)(yang)化(hua),或(huo)圓(yuan)形、或(huo)長橢圓(yuan)形,且個(ge)(ge)頭大(da)小(xiao)不均勻。 三是(shi)品質更(geng)優。這也是(shi)最關鍵的(de)。
短枝冬棗(zao)(zao)幼苗(miao)和普通冬棗(zao)(zao)幼苗(miao)如(ru)何區別,是(shi)非專業(ye)技術(shu)人員很難辨認的。
短枝(zhi)冬棗{沾(zhan)化二代冬棗}是(shi)沾(zhan)化冬棗的新(xin)生代產品,由一代冬棗自然基因(yin)變異而來,且(qie)基因(yin)非常(chang)不穩定,在進(jin)行(xing)嫁(jia)接成(cheng)活后并不能百(bai)分百(bai)成(cheng)為二代冬棗苗木(mu),有(you)的甚至(zhi)是(shi)在同一側枝(zhi)上的兩個棗碼上的冬棗都不一定是(shi)同一品種。
沾化二代冬棗(zao)鮮(xian)食可口、皮脆、肉(rou)(rou)質細嫩品(pin)質極佳(jia),是北方落(luo)葉果樹中的高檔鮮(xian)食品(pin)種;成熟后(hou)落(luo)在(zai)地上(shang)能開(kai)裂;汁多無渣,甘(gan)甜清香;可溶性固形物35-38%,肉(rou)(rou)厚核小,可食率達(da)96.1%。 沾化二代冬棗(zao)營養(yang)極豐富。
含有天(tian)門冬氨酸、蘇(su)氨酸、絲氨酸等(deng)19種人(ren)體必需的氨基(ji)酸,總含量(liang)為0.985mg/100g;含蛋(dan)白(bai)質1.65%;膳食纖維(wei)2.3%,總量(liang)17.%;總黃酮0.26%;煙酸0.87mg/100g;胡蘿(luo)卜素(su)(su)(su)1.1mg/kg;維(wei)生素(su)(su)(su)B1 0.1mg/kg;維(wei)生素(su)(su)(su)B2 2.2mg/kg;維(wei)生素(su)(su)(su)C的含量(liang)尤其豐富,達352mg/100g;是蘋(pin)果維(wei)生素(su)(su)(su)C含量(liang)的70倍(bei)(bei),與其它果品相(xiang)比,是蘋(pin)果的70倍(bei)(bei),梨(li)的140倍(bei)(bei)、金絲小棗(zao)的20倍(bei)(bei),有“活維(wei)生素(su)(su)(su)丸”之(zhi)美譽。
此外,沾化二代冬棗果(guo)實還(huan)含有較多的維生(sheng)素(su)A、維生(sheng)素(su)E、鉀、鈉、鐵、銅等多種微量元素(su),有保持毛細血(xue)管(guan)暢通、防止血(xue)管(guan)壁脆性增加的功能,對于高血(xue)壓、動(dong)脈粥樣(yang)硬化病癥有療效,有防癌之(zhi)(zhi)功效。營養價值為(wei)百果(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)冠(guan),有“百果(guo)王”之(zhi)(zhi)稱。
一位(wei)中央(yang)領導(dao)品(pin)嘗后(hou)稱贊沾化冬棗(zao)為“天下(xia)奇果”,美國俄(e)勒崗大學園藝(yi)農學院生命科(ke)研(yan)所(suo)主任(ren)鮑依爾(er)、教授(shou)福基高米(mi)品(pin)嘗后(hou),稱其為“世界第(di)一果品(pin)”。