“短枝冬(dong)棗(zao)(zao)”(沾(zhan)化(hua)二代(dai)冬(dong)棗(zao)(zao))是(shi)暨沾(zhan)化(hua)冬(dong)棗(zao)(zao)的一(yi)個(ge)新生代(dai)優(you)質晚(wan)熟鮮食品(pin)種(zhong)。冬(dong)棗(zao)(zao)古稱貢棗(zao)(zao),屬(shu)于鼠李科,棗(zao)(zao)屬(shu)。是(shi)無(wu)刺棗(zao)(zao)樹的又(you)一(yi)個(ge)晚(wan)熟鮮食優(you)良品(pin)種(zhong)。
“短枝冬棗(zao)”(沾化二代冬棗(zao))果形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)扁圓(yuan),個頭大(da)(da),比普通“沾化冬棗(zao)”大(da)(da)一倍左(zuo)右,且生長較快(kuai),平均每個20克以(yi)上,外形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)非常漂(piao)亮;而傳統的(de)冬棗(zao)果形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)多樣化,或圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、或長橢圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),且個頭大(da)(da)小(xiao)不均勻(yun)
“短枝冬棗(zao)”在我(wo)國山(shan)東省沾化(hua)韓家村(沾化(hua)冬棗(zao)公社)、山(shan)東省沾化(hua)下(xia)洼周邊有種植。
沾(zhan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)二代(dai)(dai)又稱沾(zhan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)2代(dai)(dai)、沾(zhan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)二號、沾(zhan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)2號、冬(dong)棗(zao)二代(dai)(dai)、冬(dong)棗(zao)2代(dai)(dai)、冬(dong)棗(zao)二號、冬(dong)棗(zao)2號、沾(zhan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)冬(dong)棗(zao)二代(dai)(dai)、沾(zhan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)冬(dong)棗(zao)2代(dai)(dai)、沾(zhan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)冬(dong)棗(zao)二號、沾(zhan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)冬(dong)棗(zao)2號、沾(zhan)冬(dong)二代(dai)(dai)、沾(zhan)冬(dong)2代(dai)(dai)、沾(zhan)冬(dong)二號、沾(zhan)冬(dong)2號、短枝(zhi)冬(dong)棗(zao)、短枝(zhi)沾(zhan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)、短枝(zhi)沾(zhan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)冬(dong)棗(zao)是魯(lu)北地區的一個優質晚(wan)熟鮮食品種。
短枝冬棗難管理、產量低,只(zhi)在(zai)我國山(shan)東省沾(zhan)化韓家(jia)村(cun)(沾(zhan)化冬棗公社)、山(shan)東省沾(zhan)化下洼(wa)周邊有種植(zhi)。
因短(duan)枝冬棗(zao)樹木枝條較短(duan),故棗(zao)農又稱之為短(duan)枝冬棗(zao)。
短(duan)枝(zhi)(zhi)冬棗(zao)(zao)(沾(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)化(hua)(hua)二代冬棗(zao)(zao))已(yi)被公認為(wei)沾(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)化(hua)(hua)冬棗(zao)(zao)的更新品種。“沾(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)化(hua)(hua)短(duan)枝(zhi)(zhi)冬棗(zao)(zao)”與傳(chuan)(chuan)統的“沾(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)化(hua)(hua)冬棗(zao)(zao)”相比(bi)較有以下優勢: 一是(shi)生(sheng)長勢中庸(yong)(yong),成枝(zhi)(zhi)力弱,易坐果(guo)(guo)(guo)。短(duan)枝(zhi)(zhi)冬棗(zao)(zao)只有很(hen)少量(liang)的芽能抽生(sheng)為(wei)棗(zao)(zao)頭(tou)(tou)枝(zhi)(zhi),不(bu)像傳(chuan)(chuan)統的“沾(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)化(hua)(hua)冬棗(zao)(zao)”那(nei)樣每個(ge)棗(zao)(zao)股(gu)都萌生(sheng)為(wei)棗(zao)(zao)頭(tou)(tou),從而減少了(le)每年(nian)因抹芽而占用的大(da)批用工(gong)量(liang)。中庸(yong)(yong)的樹勢,集中了(le)營養,提高了(le)坐果(guo)(guo)(guo)率。 二是(shi)棗(zao)(zao)花子(zi)房體較大(da),棗(zao)(zao)果(guo)(guo)(guo)外形(xing)美觀,個(ge)頭(tou)(tou)較大(da)。短(duan)枝(zhi)(zhi)冬棗(zao)(zao)果(guo)(guo)(guo)形(xing)扁圓,個(ge)頭(tou)(tou)大(da),比(bi)普(pu)通(tong)沾(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)化(hua)(hua)冬棗(zao)(zao)大(da)一倍左右,且生(sheng)長較快,平均(jun)每個(ge)20克以上,外形(xing)非常(chang)漂亮;而傳(chuan)(chuan)統的冬棗(zao)(zao)果(guo)(guo)(guo)形(xing)多樣化(hua)(hua),或(huo)圓形(xing)、或(huo)長橢圓形(xing),且個(ge)頭(tou)(tou)大(da)小(xiao)不(bu)均(jun)勻。 三(san)是(shi)品質更優。這(zhe)也是(shi)最關鍵的。
短枝冬棗幼(you)苗(miao)和(he)普(pu)通(tong)冬棗幼(you)苗(miao)如(ru)何(he)區別,是非專業(ye)技(ji)術(shu)人員(yuan)很難辨認的。
短(duan)枝冬(dong)(dong)棗(zao)(zao){沾(zhan)(zhan)化(hua)二代(dai)冬(dong)(dong)棗(zao)(zao)}是(shi)(shi)沾(zhan)(zhan)化(hua)冬(dong)(dong)棗(zao)(zao)的新生代(dai)產品,由一代(dai)冬(dong)(dong)棗(zao)(zao)自然基因變異而來,且基因非(fei)常不(bu)穩定(ding),在進行嫁接成(cheng)活(huo)后并不(bu)能百(bai)分百(bai)成(cheng)為二代(dai)冬(dong)(dong)棗(zao)(zao)苗(miao)木,有的甚至是(shi)(shi)在同一側枝上的兩個(ge)棗(zao)(zao)碼上的冬(dong)(dong)棗(zao)(zao)都不(bu)一定(ding)是(shi)(shi)同一品種(zhong)。
沾(zhan)化二(er)代冬棗(zao)鮮(xian)食(shi)可口、皮脆、肉質(zhi)細嫩品質(zhi)極(ji)佳,是北方(fang)落葉(xie)果樹中的高檔鮮(xian)食(shi)品種;成熟后落在地上能(neng)開(kai)裂;汁多(duo)無渣(zha),甘甜(tian)清香;可溶性固形物35-38%,肉厚核小,可食(shi)率達96.1%。 沾(zhan)化二(er)代冬棗(zao)營(ying)養極(ji)豐(feng)富。
含(han)(han)有天門冬氨酸(suan)、蘇(su)氨酸(suan)、絲氨酸(suan)等19種人體必需的(de)氨基酸(suan),總含(han)(han)量(liang)為0.985mg/100g;含(han)(han)蛋白質1.65%;膳食纖維(wei)(wei)2.3%,總量(liang)17.%;總黃(huang)酮0.26%;煙(yan)酸(suan)0.87mg/100g;胡(hu)蘿卜素(su)1.1mg/kg;維(wei)(wei)生素(su)B1 0.1mg/kg;維(wei)(wei)生素(su)B2 2.2mg/kg;維(wei)(wei)生素(su)C的(de)含(han)(han)量(liang)尤其豐(feng)富(fu),達352mg/100g;是(shi)蘋果維(wei)(wei)生素(su)C含(han)(han)量(liang)的(de)70倍(bei),與其它果品(pin)相比,是(shi)蘋果的(de)70倍(bei),梨的(de)140倍(bei)、金(jin)絲小棗的(de)20倍(bei),有“活維(wei)(wei)生素(su)丸”之美譽。
此外,沾化二代冬棗(zao)果(guo)實還含有較多的維(wei)生素(su)A、維(wei)生素(su)E、鉀、鈉、鐵、銅(tong)等多種微量元素(su),有保持毛細血(xue)管(guan)暢通、防(fang)止(zhi)血(xue)管(guan)壁脆性增加的功能(neng),對于(yu)高(gao)血(xue)壓、動脈粥樣硬化病(bing)癥(zheng)有療效,有防(fang)癌(ai)之(zhi)功效。營養(yang)價值為百(bai)果(guo)之(zhi)冠,有“百(bai)果(guo)王”之(zhi)稱。
一位中央領(ling)導(dao)品(pin)(pin)嘗后(hou)稱(cheng)贊沾化冬棗為(wei)“天下奇果”,美(mei)國俄勒崗(gang)大(da)學園藝(yi)農學院生命科(ke)研所主任鮑依爾、教(jiao)授福基高米品(pin)(pin)嘗后(hou),稱(cheng)其為(wei)“世界第(di)一果品(pin)(pin)”。