“短枝冬棗(zao)(zao)”(沾化(hua)二代冬棗(zao)(zao))是暨沾化(hua)冬棗(zao)(zao)的(de)一個(ge)新生代優(you)質(zhi)晚(wan)熟鮮食品(pin)種。冬棗(zao)(zao)古稱貢棗(zao)(zao),屬于(yu)鼠(shu)李(li)科,棗(zao)(zao)屬。是無刺棗(zao)(zao)樹的(de)又一個(ge)晚(wan)熟鮮食優(you)良品(pin)種。
“短枝冬棗(zao)”(沾(zhan)化(hua)二代冬棗(zao))果形(xing)(xing)(xing)扁圓(yuan),個頭大(da),比普通“沾(zhan)化(hua)冬棗(zao)”大(da)一倍左右,且(qie)生長較快,平均每個20克以(yi)上,外(wai)形(xing)(xing)(xing)非常漂亮;而(er)傳統的冬棗(zao)果形(xing)(xing)(xing)多樣化(hua),或(huo)圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)、或(huo)長橢圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing),且(qie)個頭大(da)小不均勻
“短枝冬棗”在我國(guo)山東(dong)(dong)省(sheng)沾化(hua)(hua)韓家(jia)村(cun)(沾化(hua)(hua)冬棗公社)、山東(dong)(dong)省(sheng)沾化(hua)(hua)下洼周邊有種植。
沾化(hua)二(er)(er)代(dai)(dai)又稱沾化(hua)2代(dai)(dai)、沾化(hua)二(er)(er)號(hao)(hao)(hao)、沾化(hua)2號(hao)(hao)(hao)、冬(dong)(dong)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)二(er)(er)代(dai)(dai)、冬(dong)(dong)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)2代(dai)(dai)、冬(dong)(dong)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)二(er)(er)號(hao)(hao)(hao)、冬(dong)(dong)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)2號(hao)(hao)(hao)、沾化(hua)冬(dong)(dong)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)二(er)(er)代(dai)(dai)、沾化(hua)冬(dong)(dong)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)2代(dai)(dai)、沾化(hua)冬(dong)(dong)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)二(er)(er)號(hao)(hao)(hao)、沾化(hua)冬(dong)(dong)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)2號(hao)(hao)(hao)、沾冬(dong)(dong)二(er)(er)代(dai)(dai)、沾冬(dong)(dong)2代(dai)(dai)、沾冬(dong)(dong)二(er)(er)號(hao)(hao)(hao)、沾冬(dong)(dong)2號(hao)(hao)(hao)、短枝冬(dong)(dong)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)、短枝沾化(hua)、短枝沾化(hua)冬(dong)(dong)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)是魯北地區的一個優質晚熟鮮(xian)食品種。
短(duan)枝冬棗難管理、產量(liang)低,只在我國山(shan)(shan)東(dong)省沾(zhan)化韓家村(沾(zhan)化冬棗公社)、山(shan)(shan)東(dong)省沾(zhan)化下洼周邊(bian)有種(zhong)植。
因(yin)短枝冬棗(zao)樹木枝條較短,故(gu)棗(zao)農又稱之(zhi)為短枝冬棗(zao)。
短(duan)枝(zhi)冬(dong)(dong)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(沾(zhan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)二(er)代冬(dong)(dong)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao))已被公認為沾(zhan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)冬(dong)(dong)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)的更(geng)新品(pin)種。“沾(zhan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)短(duan)枝(zhi)冬(dong)(dong)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)”與(yu)傳統的“沾(zhan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)冬(dong)(dong)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)”相比(bi)較有(you)以下優勢: 一是(shi)生長(chang)勢中庸,成枝(zhi)力弱,易(yi)坐果(guo)。短(duan)枝(zhi)冬(dong)(dong)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)只(zhi)有(you)很少量的芽能抽生為棗(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)頭(tou)枝(zhi),不像傳統的“沾(zhan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)冬(dong)(dong)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)”那樣每個(ge)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)股都萌生為棗(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)頭(tou),從(cong)而(er)減(jian)少了每年因抹芽而(er)占用的大(da)(da)批用工量。中庸的樹勢,集中了營養,提高了坐果(guo)率。 二(er)是(shi)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)花(hua)子(zi)房體(ti)較大(da)(da),棗(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)果(guo)外形(xing)美觀,個(ge)頭(tou)較大(da)(da)。短(duan)枝(zhi)冬(dong)(dong)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)果(guo)形(xing)扁圓(yuan)(yuan),個(ge)頭(tou)大(da)(da),比(bi)普(pu)通(tong)沾(zhan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)冬(dong)(dong)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)大(da)(da)一倍(bei)左(zuo)右(you),且生長(chang)較快(kuai),平均每個(ge)20克以上,外形(xing)非常(chang)漂亮;而(er)傳統的冬(dong)(dong)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)果(guo)形(xing)多(duo)樣化(hua)(hua)(hua),或(huo)圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)、或(huo)長(chang)橢(tuo)圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing),且個(ge)頭(tou)大(da)(da)小不均勻。 三是(shi)品(pin)質更(geng)優。這也是(shi)最關鍵(jian)的。
短枝冬(dong)棗幼苗(miao)和普通冬(dong)棗幼苗(miao)如(ru)何區別(bie),是非(fei)專(zhuan)業技術人員很難辨(bian)認的。
短枝冬(dong)棗(zao)(zao){沾化二代(dai)(dai)冬(dong)棗(zao)(zao)}是(shi)(shi)沾化冬(dong)棗(zao)(zao)的(de)新生代(dai)(dai)產品,由(you)一(yi)代(dai)(dai)冬(dong)棗(zao)(zao)自然基因變異(yi)而來,且基因非常不穩定(ding),在(zai)進行(xing)嫁接成(cheng)活后并不能(neng)百分百成(cheng)為二代(dai)(dai)冬(dong)棗(zao)(zao)苗木,有的(de)甚(shen)至是(shi)(shi)在(zai)同一(yi)側(ce)枝上(shang)的(de)兩個(ge)棗(zao)(zao)碼(ma)上(shang)的(de)冬(dong)棗(zao)(zao)都不一(yi)定(ding)是(shi)(shi)同一(yi)品種。
沾化二代冬棗(zao)鮮食可(ke)口、皮脆、肉質細嫩品質極佳,是北(bei)方落葉果樹中的高檔(dang)鮮食品種;成熟后落在(zai)地上能開裂;汁多無渣,甘甜清(qing)香;可(ke)溶性固(gu)形物35-38%,肉厚核小,可(ke)食率達96.1%。 沾化二代冬棗(zao)營養(yang)極豐富。
含(han)(han)(han)有(you)天(tian)門冬氨(an)酸、蘇(su)氨(an)酸、絲氨(an)酸等(deng)19種人體必需(xu)的(de)(de)氨(an)基(ji)酸,總含(han)(han)(han)量為0.985mg/100g;含(han)(han)(han)蛋(dan)白質1.65%;膳(shan)食纖維(wei)2.3%,總量17.%;總黃酮0.26%;煙(yan)酸0.87mg/100g;胡蘿卜素1.1mg/kg;維(wei)生素B1 0.1mg/kg;維(wei)生素B2 2.2mg/kg;維(wei)生素C的(de)(de)含(han)(han)(han)量尤其(qi)豐富,達(da)352mg/100g;是(shi)蘋(pin)果維(wei)生素C含(han)(han)(han)量的(de)(de)70倍(bei)(bei)(bei),與其(qi)它果品相(xiang)比,是(shi)蘋(pin)果的(de)(de)70倍(bei)(bei)(bei),梨(li)的(de)(de)140倍(bei)(bei)(bei)、金絲小棗(zao)的(de)(de)20倍(bei)(bei)(bei),有(you)“活維(wei)生素丸”之美譽。
此(ci)外,沾化(hua)二代冬棗果實還含有較多(duo)的(de)維生素(su)A、維生素(su)E、鉀(jia)、鈉、鐵、銅等多(duo)種微量(liang)元(yuan)素(su),有保持毛細血管暢通、防止血管壁脆性增加的(de)功(gong)能,對于高血壓、動脈粥樣硬化(hua)病癥有療(liao)效,有防癌之功(gong)效。營養價值為百(bai)果之冠,有“百(bai)果王”之稱。
一(yi)位中央領導品(pin)嘗后稱贊沾化(hua)冬棗為“天下奇果(guo)”,美國俄勒崗大學(xue)園藝農學(xue)院生命(ming)科研所主任鮑依(yi)爾、教(jiao)授福基高米品(pin)嘗后,稱其為“世(shi)界第一(yi)果(guo)品(pin)”。