【繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器控制電(dian)(dian)(dian)路】繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器控制電(dian)(dian)(dian)路解析 繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器的正確使(shi)用方法(fa)

一、繼電器控制電路

能帶動繼電器工作的CMOS集成塊

在人們的習慣中，總認為CMOS集成塊不能直接帶動繼電器工作，但實驗證明，部分CMOS集成塊不僅能直接帶動繼電器工作，而且工作穩定可靠。實驗中所用繼電器的型號為JRC5M－DC12V微型密封繼電器（其線圈電阻為750Ω）。現將CD4066 CMOS集成塊帶動繼電器的(de)工作原(yuan)理分析(xi)如下：

CD4066是(shi)四雙向模擬開關(guan)，集(ji)(ji)成塊(kuai)SCR1～SCR4為(wei)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)端(duan)，用于控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)四雙向模擬開關(guan)的通斷(duan)。當SCR1接高(gao)電(dian)(dian)平時(shi)，集(ji)(ji)成塊(kuai)①、②腳(jiao)導通，＋12V→K1→集(ji)(ji)成塊(kuai)①、②腳(jiao)→電(dian)(dian)源負極使K1吸合(he)；反之當SCR1輸(shu)入(ru)低(di)(di)電(dian)(dian)平時(shi)，集(ji)(ji)成塊(kuai)①、②腳(jiao)開路(lu)，K1失電(dian)(dian)釋放(fang)，SCR2～SCR4輸(shu)入(ru)高(gao)電(dian)(dian)平或低(di)(di)電(dian)(dian)平時(shi)狀態與SCR1相同。

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電(dian)(dian)路(lu)中(zhong)(zhong)，繼電(dian)(dian)器(qi)線(xian)圈(quan)兩端均反相并聯了(le)一只二極(ji)管(guan)，它是用(yong)(yong)于(yu)保護集(ji)成塊(kuai)的(de)(de)(de)，切不可省去(qu)，否則在繼電(dian)(dian)器(qi)由吸(xi)合狀(zhuang)態轉為(wei)釋放時，由于(yu)電(dian)(dian)感的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)線(xian)圈(quan)上將(jiang)產生較高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)反電(dian)(dian)動勢(shi)，極(ji)容易導(dao)致(zhi)集(ji)成塊(kuai)擊(ji)穿。并聯了(le)二極(ji)管(guan)后，在繼電(dian)(dian)器(qi)由吸(xi)合變為(wei)釋放的(de)(de)(de)瞬間，線(xian)圈(quan)將(jiang)通過二極(ji)管(guan)形成短時間的(de)(de)(de)續(xu)流回(hui)路(lu)，使線(xian)圈(quan)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)流不致(zhi)突變，從而避免了(le)線(xian)圈(quan)中(zhong)(zhong)反電(dian)(dian)動勢(shi)的(de)(de)(de)產生，確保了(le)集(ji)成塊(kuai)的(de)(de)(de)安全(quan)。

低電壓下繼電器的吸合措施

常常因(yin)為電源(yuan)電壓低于(yu)繼電器的吸合電壓而使其(qi)不能正常工(gong)作，事實(shi)上，繼電器一旦吸合，便可(ke)在(zai)額定電壓的一半(ban)左右可(ke)靠地工(gong)作。因(yin)此，可(ke)以在(zai)開始時給繼電器一個啟動電壓使其(qi)吸合，然后再讓(rang)其(qi)在(zai)較低的電源(yuan)電壓下工(gong)作，如圖所示(shi)的電路便可(ke)實(shi)現(xian)此目的。

工作原理：如圖(tu)所(suo)(suo)示(shi)。V1為單結晶體(ti)管(guan)BT33C，它與R1、R2、R3和C1組(zu)成一個張(zhang)弛式振蕩器，SCR為單向(xiang)可控(kong)硅，按下啟動(dong)按鈕(niu)AN1后，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)通(tong)(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，因為SCR無觸發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，所(suo)(suo)以(yi)不導通(tong)(tong)，繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器J不動(dong)作，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)通(tong)(tong)過(guo)R4和VD1給(gei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容C2迅速充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)至(zhi)接(jie)(jie)(jie)近(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)（Vcc-VD1壓(ya)降）。同時，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)經R1給(gei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容C1充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。數秒(miao)后，C1上電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)充(chong)(chong)到V1的觸發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，C1立即(ji)通(tong)(tong)過(guo)V1放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，在R3上形成一個正(zheng)脈(mo)沖，該脈(mo)沖一路(lu)(lu)加到V2基(ji)極(ji)，使V2迅速飽和導通(tong)(tong)，V2集電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)也即(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容C2正(zheng)極(ji)近(jin)于接(jie)(jie)(jie)地。由(you)于此時C2上充(chong)(chong)有上正(zheng)下負的正(zheng)極(ji)性電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，所(suo)(suo)以(yi)C2負極(ji)也即(ji)J線圈(quan)一端呈負電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位。R3上的正(zheng)脈(mo)沖另一路(lu)(lu)經VD2、C3去觸發(fa)可控(kong)硅導通(tong)(tong)，SCR陰(yin)極(ji)也即(ji)J線圈(quan)另一端接(jie)(jie)(jie)近(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)。這時，J線圈(quan)實(shi)際上承受約兩倍的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，所(suo)(suo)以(yi)J1－1閉合(he)，松開(kai)AN1后，J1－1自保。J1－2將V1、V2供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)切(qie)斷(duan)，繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器在接(jie)(jie)(jie)近(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)下工作。圖(tu)中，AN2為停止(zhi)按鈕(niu)，按下AN2，J失電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)釋(shi)放(fang)，J1－1斷(duan)開(kai)，整個控(kong)制電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)失電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

制作本電(dian)路時，一(yi)般(ban)可(ke)(ke)取繼電(dian)器的(de)額定電(dian)壓為電(dian)源(yuan)電(dian)壓的(de)1.5倍(bei)左右，一(yi)般(ban)情況下，任(ren)何型號的(de)單向可(ke)(ke)控硅(gui)（或雙(shuang)向可(ke)(ke)控硅(gui)）皆可(ke)(ke)滿足本電(dian)路需(xu)要。V2、C1、C3的(de)耐(nai)(nai)壓視電(dian)源(yuan)電(dian)壓的(de)高低選取。C2耐(nai)(nai)壓最(zui)好不低于電(dian)源(yuan)電(dian)壓的(de)兩倍(bei)。

繼電器的三種附加電路

繼電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)是(shi)電(dian)(dian)子電(dian)(dian)路(lu)中(zhong)常用的(de)一(yi)種(zhong)元件，一(yi)般由晶體管、繼電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)等元器(qi)(qi)(qi)件組(zu)成的(de)電(dian)(dian)子開關驅動電(dian)(dian)路(lu)中(zhong)，往往還要加(jia)上一(yi)些附加(jia)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)以改變繼電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)工作(zuo)特性或起(qi)保護作(zuo)用。繼電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)附加(jia)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)主(zhu)要有如下三種(zhong)形式：

1.繼(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器串(chuan)聯(lian)RC電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)形(xing)式(shi)(shi)如圖1，這種形(xing)式(shi)(shi)主(zhu)要(yao)應(ying)用于(yu)繼(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器的(de)(de)額定(ding)工(gong)作(zuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓低(di)于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)中。當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)閉合時，繼(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器線圈由于(yu)自(zi)感現象會產(chan)生電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動勢阻礙(ai)線圈中電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流的(de)(de)增大(da)，從而(er)延(yan)長了吸合時間，串(chuan)聯(lian)上RC電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)后則可以(yi)縮短吸合時間。原理是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)閉合的(de)(de)瞬間，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)C兩端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓不能突變可視為(wei)短路(lu)，這樣(yang)就將比繼(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器線圈額定(ding)工(gong)作(zuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓高的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓加(jia)到線圈上，從而(er)加(jia)快(kuai)了線圈中電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流增大(da)的(de)(de)速度，使(shi)繼(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器迅速吸合。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源穩定(ding)之后電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)C不起(qi)作(zuo)用，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻R起(qi)限流作(zuo)用。

2.繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)并聯RC電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)：電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)形式見圖2，電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)閉合后，當電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)穩定時(shi)(shi)RC電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)不(bu)起(qi)作用，斷開(kai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)時(shi)(shi)，繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)線圈(quan)由于自(zi)感(gan)而產生感(gan)應電(dian)(dian)(dian)動勢，經RC電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)，使線圈(quan)中(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)衰(shuai)減放慢，從(cong)而延(yan)長了繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)銜鐵釋放時(shi)(shi)間，起(qi)到延(yan)時(shi)(shi)作用。

3.繼電(dian)器(qi)并(bing)聯二(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)管電(dian)路：電(dian)路形(xing)式見圖3，主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)是為了保(bao)護晶(jing)體(ti)管等驅動(dong)(dong)元(yuan)器(qi)件。當圖中晶(jing)體(ti)管VT由(you)導通(tong)變為截止時(shi)(shi)，流經繼電(dian)器(qi)線(xian)圈的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)流將迅速減小，這時(shi)(shi)線(xian)圈會產生很高的(de)(de)(de)自感(gan)電(dian)動(dong)(dong)勢與電(dian)源電(dian)壓(ya)疊加后(hou)加在VT的(de)(de)(de)c、e兩(liang)極(ji)(ji)間(jian)，會使(shi)晶(jing)體(ti)管擊穿，并(bing)聯上二(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)管后(hou)，即(ji)可將線(xian)圈的(de)(de)(de)自感(gan)電(dian)動(dong)(dong)勢鉗位于(yu)二(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)管的(de)(de)(de)正(zheng)向導通(tong)電(dian)壓(ya)，此值(zhi)硅管約0.7V，鍺管約0.2V，從而避(bi)免(mian)擊穿晶(jing)體(ti)管等驅動(dong)(dong)元(yuan)器(qi)件。并(bing)聯二(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)管時(shi)(shi)一定要(yao)(yao)注意(yi)二(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)管的(de)(de)(de)極(ji)(ji)性不可接反，否(fou)則容易損(sun)壞(huai)晶(jing)體(ti)管等驅動(dong)(dong)元(yuan)器(qi)件。

無電感式模擬繼電器

圖中，220V電(dian)(dian)源經負載RL、R1、D1～D4、ZD1，為(wei)Q4、Q3在正(zheng)負半周輪流(liu)(liu)提(ti)供(gong)偏置；同(tong)時(shi)經R3、D5～D8為(wei)光電(dian)(dian)耦(ou)合(he)器(qi)Q1提(ti)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)源。當前級TTL電(dian)(dian)路(lu)輸出高(gao)(gao)電(dian)(dian)平信號時(shi)，光電(dian)(dian)耦(ou)合(he)器(qi)在市(shi)電(dian)(dian)正(zheng)半周內導通，于是在R5兩(liang)端(duan)產生壓(ya)(ya)降(jiang)，觸(chu)發SCR導通，負載RL得電(dian)(dian)工作(zuo)。整個電(dian)(dian)路(lu)的功能如(ru)同(tong)一只繼電(dian)(dian)器(qi)，但不會產生反向(xiang)感應電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，也就避免了負載被高(gao)(gao)反壓(ya)(ya)擊(ji)穿損壞的可(ke)能。C1、R6為(wei)脈沖(chong)吸收元(yuan)件，R3起限(xian)流(liu)(liu)作(zuo)用。

為避免RL為感(gan)性(xing)負載時，可(ke)控硅(gui)的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓與光電(dian)(dian)耦合器(qi)電(dian)(dian)源產生(sheng)的(de)90°相位，該電(dian)(dian)路中光電(dian)(dian)耦合器(qi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)源取自(zi)SCR的(de)陽極(ji)而不(bu)直接取自(zi)市電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)源。

繼電器電路小改進

繼(ji)電(dian)器(qi)常安裝在(zai)電(dian)器(qi)設備的內部，其工作(zuo)狀態不直(zhi)觀，筆(bi)者將(jiang)其作(zuo)如下圖改進。在(zai)線圈兩端(duan)接發光二極(ji)管VD1，當控(kong)制電(dian)壓為正時，三(san)極(ji)管導通，繼(ji)電(dian)器(qi)J吸合，同時發光二極(ji)管被點亮，表明繼(ji)電(dian)器(qi)線圈已加上(shang)電(dian)源(yuan)。發光二極(ji)管可裝在(zai)外殼顯眼之處(chu)。

二、繼電器的正確使用方法

1、繼電器額定工作電壓的選擇

繼(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)額(e)定(ding)(ding)(ding)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)是繼(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)最主要的(de)(de)一項技術參數。在(zai)(zai)使用繼(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)時，應(ying)該首先考慮所(suo)在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(即繼(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)線圈所(suo)在(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu))的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，繼(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)額(e)定(ding)(ding)(ding)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)應(ying)等于所(suo)在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)。一般所(suo)在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)是繼(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)額(e)定(ding)(ding)(ding)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)0.86。注意所(suo)在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)件電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)千萬不能超過繼(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)額(e)定(ding)(ding)(ding)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，否則繼(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)線圈容易燒毀(hui)。另外(wai)，有些(xie)集成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)，例如(ru)NE555電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)是可以直(zhi)接驅動(dong)繼(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)的(de)(de)，而(er)有些(xie)集成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)，例如(ru)COMS電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流小，需要加一級晶(jing)體管放大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)方可驅動(dong)繼(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)，這(zhe)就應(ying)考慮晶(jing)體管輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流應(ying)大(da)于繼(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)額(e)定(ding)(ding)(ding)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流。

2、觸點負載的選擇

觸點負載是指觸點的承受能力。繼電器的觸(chu)(chu)(chu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)在(zai)(zai)轉換時(shi)(shi)可承受一(yi)定的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流。所以在(zai)(zai)使用(yong)繼(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器時(shi)(shi)，應(ying)考(kao)慮加(jia)在(zai)(zai)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)上(shang)(shang)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)和(he)通過(guo)(guo)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流不能超過(guo)(guo)該(gai)繼(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器的觸(chu)(chu)(chu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)負載(zai)能力。例如，有一(yi)繼(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器的觸(chu)(chu)(chu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)負載(zai)為28V(DC)×10A，表明(ming)該(gai)繼(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器觸(chu)(chu)(chu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)只能工作在(zai)(zai)直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)為28V的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)上(shang)(shang)，觸(chu)(chu)(chu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流為10A，超過(guo)(guo)28V或10A，會影響繼(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器正(zheng)常(chang)使用(yong)，甚至(zhi)燒(shao)毀觸(chu)(chu)(chu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

3、繼電器線圈電源的選擇

這是(shi)(shi)指(zhi)繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)線圈(quan)使用的是(shi)(shi)直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(DC)還(huan)是(shi)(shi)交(jiao)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(AC)。通(tong)常，初(chu)學(xue)者(zhe)在進(jin)行電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)制(zhi)作活(huo)動中(zhong)，都是(shi)(shi)采(cai)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)線路，而電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)線路往(wang)往(wang)采(cai)用直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，所以(yi)必(bi)須是(shi)(shi)采(cai)用線圈(quan)是(shi)(shi)直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)。樂(le)(le)灌胃和腹(fu)腔注射實驗(yan)，結果發現可樂(le)(le)對小鼠精子(zi)活(huo)性和形態有一定影響。但是(shi)(shi)截(jie)至目(mu)前，仍無(wu)法證明飲用碳酸飲料對人體(ti)有“殺精”效果。