【繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)器控(kong)制電(dian)(dian)路】繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)器控(kong)制電(dian)(dian)路解析 繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)器的正確使用方法

一、繼電器控制電路

能帶動繼電器工作的CMOS集成塊

在人們的習慣中，總認為CMOS集成塊不能直接帶動繼電器工作，但實驗證明，部分CMOS集成塊不僅能直接帶動繼電器工作，而且工作穩定可靠。實驗中所用繼電器的型號為JRC5M－DC12V微型密封繼電器（其線圈電阻為750Ω）。現將CD4066 CMOS集成塊帶動繼電器的工作原理分析如下(xia)：

CD4066是四雙(shuang)向(xiang)模(mo)擬開(kai)關，集成(cheng)塊(kuai)(kuai)SCR1～SCR4為控制(zhi)端(duan)，用于控制(zhi)四雙(shuang)向(xiang)模(mo)擬開(kai)關的通斷。當(dang)SCR1接高電平(ping)時，集成(cheng)塊(kuai)(kuai)①、②腳(jiao)導通，＋12V→K1→集成(cheng)塊(kuai)(kuai)①、②腳(jiao)→電源負極使K1吸(xi)合；反之(zhi)當(dang)SCR1輸(shu)入(ru)低電平(ping)時，集成(cheng)塊(kuai)(kuai)①、②腳(jiao)開(kai)路(lu)，K1失電釋放，SCR2～SCR4輸(shu)入(ru)高電平(ping)或低電平(ping)時狀(zhuang)態與SCR1相同。

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電(dian)(dian)(dian)路中(zhong)，繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)線圈(quan)(quan)兩(liang)端均反相(xiang)并聯了(le)一只二極管，它是用于(yu)(yu)保護集(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)塊(kuai)的(de)(de)，切不可省去，否則在繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)由吸合狀態轉為釋(shi)放(fang)時，由于(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)感的(de)(de)作(zuo)用線圈(quan)(quan)上將(jiang)產生較高(gao)的(de)(de)反電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)勢(shi)，極容易導致集(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)塊(kuai)擊穿。并聯了(le)二極管后，在繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)由吸合變(bian)為釋(shi)放(fang)的(de)(de)瞬間，線圈(quan)(quan)將(jiang)通過二極管形成(cheng)(cheng)短時間的(de)(de)續流回路，使線圈(quan)(quan)中(zhong)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流不致突變(bian)，從(cong)而避免了(le)線圈(quan)(quan)中(zhong)反電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)勢(shi)的(de)(de)產生，確保了(le)集(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)塊(kuai)的(de)(de)安全。

低電壓下繼電器的吸合措施

常常因(yin)為電(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)低于繼電(dian)(dian)器(qi)的吸(xi)合電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)而使其(qi)不(bu)能正常工(gong)作，事實上，繼電(dian)(dian)器(qi)一旦(dan)吸(xi)合，便(bian)可(ke)在額定電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的一半左(zuo)右(you)可(ke)靠(kao)地工(gong)作。因(yin)此，可(ke)以在開始時給(gei)繼電(dian)(dian)器(qi)一個啟動(dong)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)使其(qi)吸(xi)合，然后再讓其(qi)在較低的電(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)下工(gong)作，如圖所示的電(dian)(dian)路(lu)便(bian)可(ke)實現此目的。

工作(zuo)(zuo)原(yuan)理：如圖所示。V1為單結晶體(ti)管BT33C，它與(yu)R1、R2、R3和C1組成(cheng)一個張弛式振蕩器，SCR為單向可(ke)控(kong)硅，按下(xia)啟動(dong)按鈕AN1后，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)通(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，因(yin)為SCR無觸(chu)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，所以(yi)不導通(tong)，繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器J不動(dong)作(zuo)(zuo)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源通(tong)過(guo)R4和VD1給電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容C2迅速充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)至接(jie)近(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)（Vcc-VD1壓(ya)(ya)降）。同(tong)時(shi)(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源經(jing)R1給電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容C1充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。數秒后，C1上(shang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)到V1的(de)觸(chu)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，C1立即(ji)通(tong)過(guo)V1放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，在(zai)R3上(shang)形成(cheng)一個正脈沖，該脈沖一路(lu)(lu)加到V2基極(ji)(ji)(ji)，使V2迅速飽和導通(tong)，V2集電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)也(ye)即(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容C2正極(ji)(ji)(ji)近(jin)于接(jie)地(di)。由于此時(shi)(shi)C2上(shang)充(chong)(chong)有(you)上(shang)正下(xia)負(fu)的(de)正極(ji)(ji)(ji)性(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，所以(yi)C2負(fu)極(ji)(ji)(ji)也(ye)即(ji)J線圈一端呈負(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位。R3上(shang)的(de)正脈沖另(ling)一路(lu)(lu)經(jing)VD2、C3去觸(chu)發(fa)可(ke)控(kong)硅導通(tong)，SCR陰極(ji)(ji)(ji)也(ye)即(ji)J線圈另(ling)一端接(jie)近(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)。這時(shi)(shi)，J線圈實際上(shang)承受約兩倍的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，所以(yi)J1－1閉合，松開AN1后，J1－1自保。J1－2將(jiang)V1、V2供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)切(qie)斷，繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器在(zai)接(jie)近(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)下(xia)工作(zuo)(zuo)。圖中(zhong)，AN2為停止按鈕，按下(xia)AN2，J失電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)釋放(fang)，J1－1斷開，整(zheng)個控(kong)制電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)失電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

制(zhi)作本電(dian)路(lu)時，一般可(ke)(ke)取(qu)繼(ji)電(dian)器的額定(ding)電(dian)壓(ya)為電(dian)源電(dian)壓(ya)的1.5倍(bei)左右，一般情況下(xia)，任何型號的單向(xiang)可(ke)(ke)控(kong)(kong)硅（或雙向(xiang)可(ke)(ke)控(kong)(kong)硅）皆可(ke)(ke)滿足本電(dian)路(lu)需(xu)要。V2、C1、C3的耐(nai)(nai)壓(ya)視電(dian)源電(dian)壓(ya)的高低(di)選取(qu)。C2耐(nai)(nai)壓(ya)最好不低(di)于(yu)電(dian)源電(dian)壓(ya)的兩倍(bei)。

繼電器的三種附加電路

繼電(dian)(dian)器是電(dian)(dian)子電(dian)(dian)路(lu)中(zhong)(zhong)常用的一種(zhong)元(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)，一般(ban)由晶(jing)體(ti)管、繼電(dian)(dian)器等元(yuan)(yuan)器件(jian)組成的電(dian)(dian)子開關驅動電(dian)(dian)路(lu)中(zhong)(zhong)，往往還要加(jia)(jia)上一些附(fu)加(jia)(jia)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)以改變繼電(dian)(dian)器的工(gong)作特性或起保護作用。繼電(dian)(dian)器的附(fu)加(jia)(jia)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)主要有如下(xia)三種(zhong)形式：

1.繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器串(chuan)聯(lian)(lian)RC電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)形式如圖1，這種形式主要(yao)應用(yong)于(yu)繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器的額(e)定(ding)工作電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)低于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)中(zhong)(zhong)。當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)閉(bi)合(he)時，繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器線(xian)圈由(you)于(yu)自感現象會產生電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動勢(shi)阻礙(ai)線(xian)圈中(zhong)(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流的增(zeng)大，從而延(yan)長了吸(xi)合(he)時間，串(chuan)聯(lian)(lian)上RC電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)后(hou)則可(ke)(ke)以縮短吸(xi)合(he)時間。原理是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)閉(bi)合(he)的瞬間，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)C兩端(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)不能突變可(ke)(ke)視為短路(lu)(lu)，這樣(yang)就將比繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器線(xian)圈額(e)定(ding)工作電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)高的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)加(jia)到線(xian)圈上，從而加(jia)快了線(xian)圈中(zhong)(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流增(zeng)大的速度，使繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器迅(xun)速吸(xi)合(he)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)穩(wen)定(ding)之后(hou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)C不起作用(yong)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻R起限流作用(yong)。

2.繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器并(bing)聯(lian)RC電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路形式見圖2，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路閉(bi)合后，當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流穩定(ding)時RC電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路不起(qi)(qi)作(zuo)用，斷開電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路時，繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器線(xian)圈(quan)由于自感而產生感應電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動勢，經RC電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，使線(xian)圈(quan)中電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流衰減(jian)放(fang)(fang)慢，從而延長了繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器銜鐵釋放(fang)(fang)時間(jian)，起(qi)(qi)到延時作(zuo)用。

3.繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)并(bing)聯(lian)(lian)二(er)極(ji)管(guan)(guan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)形式見圖3，主(zhu)要(yao)是為(wei)了保護晶體(ti)管(guan)(guan)等驅(qu)動元器(qi)(qi)(qi)件。當圖中晶體(ti)管(guan)(guan)VT由導通變為(wei)截止時(shi)，流(liu)經(jing)繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)線圈(quan)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)將(jiang)迅速減(jian)小，這時(shi)線圈(quan)會產生很(hen)高(gao)的(de)自(zi)感(gan)(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動勢(shi)與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)疊加(jia)后(hou)加(jia)在VT的(de)c、e兩極(ji)間，會使晶體(ti)管(guan)(guan)擊穿(chuan)(chuan)，并(bing)聯(lian)(lian)上二(er)極(ji)管(guan)(guan)后(hou)，即可將(jiang)線圈(quan)的(de)自(zi)感(gan)(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動勢(shi)鉗位于二(er)極(ji)管(guan)(guan)的(de)正向導通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，此值(zhi)硅管(guan)(guan)約(yue)0.7V，鍺管(guan)(guan)約(yue)0.2V，從而(er)避免擊穿(chuan)(chuan)晶體(ti)管(guan)(guan)等驅(qu)動元器(qi)(qi)(qi)件。并(bing)聯(lian)(lian)二(er)極(ji)管(guan)(guan)時(shi)一(yi)定要(yao)注意二(er)極(ji)管(guan)(guan)的(de)極(ji)性不可接反，否則容易損(sun)壞晶體(ti)管(guan)(guan)等驅(qu)動元器(qi)(qi)(qi)件。

無電感式模擬繼電器

圖中，220V電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)經負載RL、R1、D1～D4、ZD1，為Q4、Q3在(zai)正(zheng)負半周輪流提(ti)供偏置(zhi)；同時經R3、D5～D8為光電(dian)(dian)(dian)耦合器Q1提(ti)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)。當前級TTL電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)輸(shu)出高電(dian)(dian)(dian)平信號時，光電(dian)(dian)(dian)耦合器在(zai)市電(dian)(dian)(dian)正(zheng)半周內導通，于是(shi)在(zai)R5兩端產(chan)生壓(ya)(ya)降，觸發SCR導通，負載RL得電(dian)(dian)(dian)工作。整個電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)的功(gong)能如同一只繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)器，但不會產(chan)生反向(xiang)感應電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，也就避免了負載被(bei)高反壓(ya)(ya)擊穿損壞的可能。C1、R6為脈沖吸收(shou)元(yuan)件，R3起(qi)限流作用。

為(wei)避免RL為(wei)感(gan)性負載時(shi)，可控(kong)硅的電(dian)(dian)壓與(yu)光電(dian)(dian)耦合器電(dian)(dian)源產生的90°相位，該(gai)電(dian)(dian)路中光電(dian)(dian)耦合器的電(dian)(dian)源取自(zi)(zi)SCR的陽極而不直(zhi)接取自(zi)(zi)市電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)源。

繼電器電路小改進

繼電(dian)器常安裝(zhuang)在(zai)(zai)電(dian)器設備的內(nei)部(bu)，其工作狀態不直觀，筆者將其作如(ru)下圖改進。在(zai)(zai)線圈(quan)兩端接發(fa)光(guang)二極(ji)管VD1，當(dang)控制電(dian)壓為(wei)正(zheng)時，三極(ji)管導通(tong)，繼電(dian)器J吸合，同時發(fa)光(guang)二極(ji)管被(bei)點亮(liang)，表(biao)明繼電(dian)器線圈(quan)已(yi)加上電(dian)源(yuan)。發(fa)光(guang)二極(ji)管可裝(zhuang)在(zai)(zai)外殼顯(xian)眼之處。

二、繼電器的正確使用方法

1、繼電器額定工作電壓的選擇

繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)額定(ding)(ding)(ding)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)是(shi)(shi)(shi)繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)最主(zhu)要的(de)(de)一項技術參數。在使用繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)時，應(ying)(ying)該(gai)首先考(kao)慮所(suo)在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(即繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)線圈(quan)所(suo)在的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu))的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)額定(ding)(ding)(ding)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)應(ying)(ying)等于(yu)所(suo)在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)。一般所(suo)在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)是(shi)(shi)(shi)繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)額定(ding)(ding)(ding)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)0.86。注意(yi)所(suo)在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)件(jian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)千萬不能超過繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)額定(ding)(ding)(ding)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，否則繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)線圈(quan)容易燒毀(hui)。另外，有些(xie)集成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)，例如NE555電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)可(ke)以(yi)直接驅動(dong)繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)，而(er)有些(xie)集成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)，例如COMS電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流小，需要加一級晶體管放大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)方可(ke)驅動(dong)繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，這就應(ying)(ying)考(kao)慮晶體管輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流應(ying)(ying)大于(yu)繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)額定(ding)(ding)(ding)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流。

2、觸點負載的選擇

觸點負載是指觸點的承受能力。繼電器的(de)(de)(de)觸(chu)點(dian)在(zai)(zai)轉換時(shi)可承受一定的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)和電(dian)(dian)流(liu)。所以在(zai)(zai)使用繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)時(shi)，應考(kao)慮加在(zai)(zai)觸(chu)點(dian)上的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)和通(tong)過觸(chu)點(dian)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)不能超過該繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)觸(chu)點(dian)負(fu)載能力。例如，有一繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)觸(chu)點(dian)負(fu)載為28V(DC)×10A，表明該繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)觸(chu)點(dian)只能工作(zuo)在(zai)(zai)直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)為28V的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)路上，觸(chu)點(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)為10A，超過28V或(huo)10A，會(hui)影響(xiang)繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)正(zheng)常使用，甚至燒毀觸(chu)點(dian)。

3、繼電器線圈電源的選擇

這是(shi)(shi)(shi)指繼(ji)電(dian)器線(xian)圈使用(yong)的是(shi)(shi)(shi)直流電(dian)(DC)還是(shi)(shi)(shi)交流電(dian)(AC)。通常，初學者在(zai)進行電(dian)子制作活(huo)動中(zhong)，都是(shi)(shi)(shi)采(cai)用(yong)電(dian)子線(xian)路(lu)，而電(dian)子線(xian)路(lu)往(wang)往(wang)采(cai)用(yong)直流電(dian)源供電(dian)，所(suo)以必須是(shi)(shi)(shi)采(cai)用(yong)線(xian)圈是(shi)(shi)(shi)直流電(dian)壓的繼(ji)電(dian)器。樂灌胃和腹(fu)腔(qiang)注射實(shi)驗，結果(guo)發現(xian)可(ke)樂對小鼠精子活(huo)性和形態(tai)有一定影響。但(dan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)截(jie)至(zhi)目前，仍無法證明飲用(yong)碳(tan)酸飲料對人體有“殺精”效果(guo)。