一、水產養殖業是什么

水產養殖業是人類(lei)利用可(ke)供養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)（包括種植(zhi)）的(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)域，按(an)照養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)對象的(de)生(sheng)態習(xi)性和對水(shui)(shui)(shui)域環(huan)境(jing)條件的(de)要求不同，運用水(shui)(shui)(shui)產(chan)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)技(ji)術和設施(shi)，從事水(shui)(shui)(shui)生(sheng)經濟動、植(zhi)物養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，為(wei)農(nong)業(ye)生(sheng)產(chan)部門之一(yi)。按(an)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)域，水(shui)(shui)(shui)產(chan)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)可(ke)分(fen)為(wei)淡(dan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、海(hai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、淺(qian)海(hai)灘(tan)涂養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)；按(an)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)對象，可(ke)分(fen)為(wei)魚類(lei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、貝類(lei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、蝦類(lei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、蟹類(lei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、藻類(lei)栽(zai)培；按(an)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方式，可(ke)分(fen)為(wei)精養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)、粗養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)、單養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)、混養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)、工廠化(hua)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以及靜水(shui)(shui)(shui)式、流(liu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)式養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。

水(shui)產(chan)養殖(zhi)業(ye)是利用適(shi)宜水(shui)域養殖(zhi)水(shui)產(chan)經濟動(dong)植物的(de)生(sheng)產(chan)事業(ye)，漁業(ye)的(de)重要組成部分(fen)。人類從(cong)事水(shui)產(chan)養殖(zhi)的(de)時期(qi)較之采捕天然水(shui)產(chan)資源的(de)捕撈業(ye)為晚(wan)。水(shui)產(chan)養殖(zhi)業(ye)的(de)出(chu)現和(he)發展，標志著人類影響及控制水(shui)域能(neng)力的(de)增(zeng)強。

二、發展水產養殖的意義

發展水產養殖有重(zhong)要意義(yi)，表現為(wei)：

1、能經濟地為人(ren)類提(ti)供優(you)質動物蛋白(bai)食品。在動物飼(si)(si)養中，魚(yu)類是水(shui)生(sheng)變溫動物，較(jiao)之陸生(sheng)恒(heng)溫的家畜、家禽能量消耗(hao)少，飼(si)(si)料(liao)轉化效率高(gao)，產(chan)品中動物蛋白(bai)質含量也高(gao)。

2、能為工(gong)業(ye)提供原(yuan)料，是醫藥工(gong)業(ye)、化學(xue)工(gong)業(ye)、飼料工(gong)業(ye)等的重要原(yuan)料來源。

3、對(dui)(dui)于彌補海(hai)洋(yang)捕(bu)撈的(de)(de)不足具(ju)有(you)重大作用。隨著世界(jie)人口(kou)的(de)(de)迅速(su)增(zeng)(zeng)長和經(jing)濟的(de)(de)發展，人類對(dui)(dui)動物性蛋(dan)白質(zhi)的(de)(de)需(xu)要量(liang)日益增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)，但捕(bu)撈量(liang)受(shou)到天(tian)然漁(yu)業資源更新(xin)的(de)(de)限(xian)制。漁(yu)業預測指出，年漁(yu)獲量(liang)不斷增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)的(de)(de)趨勢(shi)已(yi)達到頂點，今后(hou)單靠捕(bu)撈天(tian)然漁(yu)業資源將無法滿足需(xu)求量(liang)。

4、有(you)利于維(wei)持生態平衡(heng)。在近海地區，可(ke)因養殖產量(liang)增長減輕(qing)捕撈(lao)強(qiang)度，防(fang)止過度捕撈(lao)導致生態失去平衡(heng)；在內陸水域(yu)，水產養殖與農業的其他一些生產相(xiang)結合，利于形成良性生態循環(huan)。