一、水產養殖業是什么
水產養殖業是人(ren)類(lei)利用(yong)可(ke)供養(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(包(bao)括種植(zhi))的(de)水(shui)(shui)域,按照養(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)對象的(de)生(sheng)態習性和(he)對水(shui)(shui)域環境條件的(de)要求(qiu)不同(tong),運用(yong)水(shui)(shui)產(chan)養(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)技術和(he)設施,從事(shi)水(shui)(shui)生(sheng)經濟(ji)動(dong)、植(zhi)物(wu)養(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),為(wei)農(nong)業生(sheng)產(chan)部門之一(yi)。按養(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)域,水(shui)(shui)產(chan)養(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)可(ke)分為(wei)淡(dan)水(shui)(shui)養(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、海(hai)水(shui)(shui)養(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、淺海(hai)灘涂養(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi);按養(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)對象,可(ke)分為(wei)魚類(lei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、貝(bei)類(lei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、蝦類(lei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、蟹類(lei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、藻類(lei)栽培;按養(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方式(shi)(shi),可(ke)分為(wei)精養(yang)(yang)(yang)、粗(cu)養(yang)(yang)(yang)、單(dan)養(yang)(yang)(yang)、混養(yang)(yang)(yang)、工廠(chang)化(hua)養(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)及靜水(shui)(shui)式(shi)(shi)、流水(shui)(shui)式(shi)(shi)養(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。
水(shui)(shui)產(chan)養(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)是利用適(shi)宜水(shui)(shui)域養(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)產(chan)經(jing)濟動植物的生產(chan)事(shi)業(ye)(ye),漁業(ye)(ye)的重(zhong)要組成部分。人(ren)類從事(shi)水(shui)(shui)產(chan)養(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)的時(shi)期較之采捕天然水(shui)(shui)產(chan)資源的捕撈業(ye)(ye)為晚。水(shui)(shui)產(chan)養(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)的出現和發展,標志著人(ren)類影(ying)響及控制水(shui)(shui)域能力的增強。
二、發展水產養殖的意義
發展水產養殖有重要意義,表(biao)現為(wei):
1、能經(jing)濟地為人(ren)類提供優質動(dong)(dong)物蛋白(bai)食品。在動(dong)(dong)物飼養(yang)中,魚類是(shi)水生變溫(wen)動(dong)(dong)物,較之陸生恒溫(wen)的家畜、家禽能量(liang)消耗(hao)少,飼料(liao)轉化(hua)效率(lv)高,產品中動(dong)(dong)物蛋白(bai)質含量(liang)也高。
2、能為(wei)工業提供原料,是醫藥工業、化(hua)學工業、飼料工業等的重(zhong)要原料來源。
3、對于(yu)彌補海洋(yang)捕(bu)撈的(de)不足具有(you)重大作用。隨(sui)著世(shi)界人口的(de)迅速增(zeng)長和(he)經濟(ji)的(de)發(fa)展,人類對動物性蛋(dan)白質的(de)需要量(liang)(liang)日(ri)益增(zeng)加(jia),但捕(bu)撈量(liang)(liang)受到(dao)天然(ran)漁(yu)(yu)業資(zi)源更新的(de)限制。漁(yu)(yu)業預測(ce)指出,年漁(yu)(yu)獲量(liang)(liang)不斷增(zeng)加(jia)的(de)趨(qu)勢(shi)已達(da)到(dao)頂點(dian),今后單(dan)靠捕(bu)撈天然(ran)漁(yu)(yu)業資(zi)源將無法滿(man)足需求量(liang)(liang)。
4、有(you)利(li)于維(wei)持(chi)生(sheng)態(tai)平(ping)(ping)衡。在近(jin)海地區(qu),可因養殖產量增長減輕(qing)捕撈強度,防止(zhi)過度捕撈導致生(sheng)態(tai)失(shi)去平(ping)(ping)衡;在內陸(lu)水(shui)域,水(shui)產養殖與農業(ye)的其他一些生(sheng)產相(xiang)結合,利(li)于形(xing)成良性生(sheng)態(tai)循環。