一、步進電機怎么測量好壞

1、上(shang)電能鎖緊，力矩輸出正常，轉角正確，這個電機就是好的，否則就有問題(ti)。

2、斷電(dian)(dian)狀態下，用手(shou)轉動電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)軸，注意各(ge)引出線(xian)不要短路，好(hao)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)應(ying)當阻力(li)(li)(li)均勻，可以用手(shou)轉動。再把電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)引出線(xian)擰在一起（短路），此(ci)時轉動電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)軸的(de)(de)力(li)(li)(li)矩(ju)(ju)就是電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)標(biao)(biao)稱力(li)(li)(li)矩(ju)(ju)，也就是需要電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)標(biao)(biao)稱力(li)(li)(li)矩(ju)(ju)那么(me)大的(de)(de)力(li)(li)(li)矩(ju)(ju)才能轉動電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)軸，否(fou)則電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)就是壞(huai)的(de)(de)。

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二、步進電機常見故障及處理方法

1、步進電動機運行中失步

當步(bu)(bu)進(jin)電(dian)(dian)動機改(gai)變負載(zai)運(yun)(yun)(yun)行(xing)時，如帶(dai)大慣量(liang)負載(zai)則產(chan)生(sheng)振蕩(dang)，造(zao)成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)機在(zai)某一(yi)運(yun)(yun)(yun)行(xing)頻率下，起動丟步(bu)(bu)或(huo)停(ting)轉滑(hua)步(bu)(bu)。造(zao)成(cheng)步(bu)(bu)進(jin)電(dian)(dian)動機運(yun)(yun)(yun)行(xing)中失(shi)步(bu)(bu)。為了消除(chu)大慣性負載(zai)引起失(shi)步(bu)(bu)，可以(yi)采用機械阻尼的(de)方法(fa)(fa)，用以(yi)消除(chu)或(huo)吸收振蕩(dang)能(neng)量(liang)；也(ye)可以(yi)通過加(jia)大負載(zai)的(de)摩擦力(li)矩的(de)方法(fa)(fa)，從而改(gai)善運(yun)(yun)(yun)行(xing)特性，消除(chu)失(shi)步(bu)(bu)。因為步(bu)(bu)進(jin)電(dian)(dian)動機受(shou)控于電(dian)(dian)脈沖(chong)而產(chan)生(sheng)步(bu)(bu)進(jin)運(yun)(yun)(yun)動，采取如上(shang)措施能(neng)使電(dian)(dian)脈沖(chong)正常，不受(shou)干擾(rao)，從而消除(chu)電(dian)(dian)機運(yun)(yun)(yun)行(xing)中失(shi)步(bu)(bu)。

另一(yi)種失步(bu)可能是原采(cai)用雙電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)供(gong)電(dian)的(de)而(er)改(gai)為單電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)供(gong)電(dian)，又未采(cai)取(qu)相應(ying)補救措施(shi)，使(shi)起動(dong)頻率(lv)和(he)運(yun)行(xing)(xing)頻率(lv)降(jiang)低，矩(ju)頻特性(xing)(xing)惡化(hua)而(er)失步(bu)。當是此(ci)種原因(yin)所至，應(ying)重新(xin)恢復(fu)雙電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)供(gong)電(dian)。有些使(shi)用單位或(huo)部(bu)門，為簡(jian)化(hua)電(dian)路采(cai)用單電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)供(gong)電(dian)造成電(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)運(yun)行(xing)(xing)失步(bu)，這(zhe)種做法不當，要知道采(cai)用雙電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)是為了提(ti)高起動(dong)和(he)運(yun)行(xing)(xing)兩種頻率(lv)，改(gai)善(shan)矩(ju)頻特性(xing)(xing)，從而(er)改(gai)善(shan)了輸(shu)入(ru)(ru)步(bu)進電(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)繞組中(zhong)脈(mo)沖電(dian)流的(de)上(shang)升(sheng)沿(yan)(yan)和(he)下降(jiang)沿(yan)(yan)。用單電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)供(gong)電(dian)，脈(mo)沖穩定(ding)電(dian)流得不到維持，步(bu)進電(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)功率(lv)相應(ying)減小(xiao)，所以(yi)在驅動(dong)中(zhong)相當于容量減小(xiao)而(er)過(guo)載，效(xiao)率(lv)降(jiang)低而(er)失步(bu)。采(cai)用雙電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)，用高低兩套電(dian)路，即(ji)在步(bu)進電(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)繞組脈(mo)沖電(dian)流通(tong)入(ru)(ru)瞬間，對其(qi)施(shi)以(yi)高壓(ya)，強(qiang)迫電(dian)流上(shang)升(sheng)加速；池電(dian)流達到一(yi)定(ding)值后(hou)，再改(gai)施(shi)以(yi)低壓(ya)，使(shi)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)正常(chang)運(yun)行(xing)(xing)。這(zhe)種措施(shi)不僅使(shi)驅動(dong)電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)容量大(da)大(da)減小(xiao)，同時也提(ti)高了運(yun)行(xing)(xing)效(xiao)率(lv)，改(gai)善(shan)運(yun)行(xing)(xing)特性(xing)(xing)，電(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)不會(hui)失步(bu)運(yun)行(xing)(xing)。

2、控制繞組一相反繞，影響正常運行

當(dang)步(bu)進電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動機(ji)不(bu)能(neng)正常運(yun)行時，除(chu)上述兩種原因影響速度或失(shi)步(bu)外，可(ke)能(neng)是定了控制繞(rao)組有(you)一相(xiang)(xiang)反接。當(dang)一相(xiang)(xiang)繞(rao)組反接，相(xiang)(xiang)當(dang)于通(tong)(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流方(fang)向相(xiang)(xiang)反，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流相(xiang)(xiang)互抵消，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動機(ji)在(zai)此相(xiang)(xiang)內無脈(mo)沖電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流，運(yun)行失(shi)常或根(gen)本不(bu)能(neng)運(yun)行。在(zai)通(tong)(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)情況下(xia)，檢(jian)測(ce)三相(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流就能(neng)發(fa)現(xian)。檢(jian)測(ce)出(chu)反接相(xiang)(xiang)后，將該相(xiang)(xiang)繞(rao)組首末(mo)引出(chu)線對調，按正確接法接好，再通(tong)(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)運(yun)行進行電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流的檢(jian)測(ce)。

3、開路故障

定子控制繞組開路故障，表現(xian)為(wei)一(yi)種是引線(xian)接(jie)頭處(chu)斷或(huo)焊(han)接(jie)處(chu)全脫焊(han)，或(huo)從某一(yi)匝中導線(xian)折斷；另一(yi)種情況是導線(xian)將斷未斷，如假焊(han)、虛(xu)焊(han)，或(huo)有裂紋。

此故障可采用檢(jian)(jian)測普通三相電(dian)(dian)動(dong)機斷路方法來檢(jian)(jian)測，較方便的是(shi)用萬用表電(dian)(dian)阻檔(dang)來檢(jian)(jian)測，當指針不動(dong)或電(dian)(dian)阻很大，說明所檢(jian)(jian)測一相繞(rao)組為(wei)開路。

修理方法是找到故障處，將斷(duan)開兩頭漆皮刮掉后擰緊再焊牢，包上絕緣。

4、短路故障

步進電(dian)動機定子控制(zhi)繞(rao)組(zu)一般(ban)為單根導線(xian)繞(rao)制(zhi)的(de)多匝繞(rao)組(zu)，短路也(ye)是匝間(jian)短路。檢測方(fang)法主要(yao)分以下兩步:

目測法：凡(fan)(fan)短路(lu)的(de)(de)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)因(yin)短路(lu)電流(liu)大(da)而過熱，繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)導(dao)線絕緣(yuan)層有發黑變(bian)脆的(de)(de)糊焦狀，凡(fan)(fan)有此種情(qing)況的(de)(de)為故障相；

用在通電(dian)(dian)運行狀況下(xia)，測(ce)量各相(xiang)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)，凡(fan)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)大的(de)相(xiang)為故(gu)障(zhang)相(xiang)。

故障相找到(dao)后，如果短(duan)路(lu)(lu)在端部(bu)外層(ceng)，采用加熱繞(rao)組(zu)后，輕輕撬起(qi)短(duan)路(lu)(lu)匝，用薄絕緣(yuan)紙(zhi)墊好，再壓實，線圈局部(bu)加熱，再刷(shua)上(shang)1032號絕緣(yuan)漆(qi)后烘于即(ji)可；如短(duan)路(lu)(lu)嚴重(zhong)不(bu)能局部(bu)修理，只(zhi)有重(zhong)繞(rao)線圈換上(shang)。

5、擊穿故障

擊穿故(gu)障的(de)繞(rao)組可(ke)目測(ce)出，也可(ke)用(yong)兆歐表搖測(ce)其(qi)絕緣(yuan)電(dian)阻(zu)，一般(ban)擊穿后(hou)繞(rao)組將接(jie)地，檢測(ce)相絕緣(yuan)電(dian)阻(zu)為(wei)零(ling)者，說明即擊穿又接(jie)地。

6、電源裝置故障使步進電動機不能運行

功率(lv)放(fang)大失(shi)靈(ling)，門電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)中電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)開關(guan)(guan)損壞及計數器失(shi)靈(ling)是常(chang)發(fa)生的。可采用萬用表(biao)及示波器等儀表(biao)，對(dui)照(zhao)線路(lu)逐段檢(jian)測(ce)。如(ru)測(ce)出(chu)放(fang)大程序(xu)(xu)邏輯部分(fen)無(wu)信號(hao)(hao)或信號(hao)(hao)弱(ruo)，說(shuo)明功率(lv)驅動(dong)器有(you)(you)毛(mao)(mao)病(bing)，對(dui)其(qi)應(ying)(ying)進一(yi)步檢(jian)測(ce)和排除故(gu)障(zhang)至有(you)(you)正(zheng)(zheng)常(chang)信號(hao)(hao)；當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)開關(guan)(guan)未在起(qi)動(dong)位(wei)置(zhi)，門電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)就(jiu)開通(tong)，說(shuo)明起(qi)動(dong)開關(guan)(guan)已(yi)經損壞，只有(you)(you)更換合格的開關(guan)(guan)；如(ru)反饋(kui)(kui)信號(hao)(hao)沒有(you)(you)，即反饋(kui)(kui)沒有(you)(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)值，說(shuo)明反饋(kui)(kui)環(huan)節(jie)有(you)(you)故(gu)障(zhang)，應(ying)(ying)檢(jian)測(ce)脈沖數選器及整形反相(xiang)環(huan)節(jie)等，找出(chu)毛(mao)(mao)病(bing)調(diao)(diao)整至有(you)(you)正(zheng)(zheng)常(chang)反饋(kui)(kui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)為(wei)止。當(dang)發(fa)現(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機通(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)順序(xu)(xu)不對(dui)，不符合設(she)定順序(xu)(xu)，說(shuo)明環(huan)形分(fen)配器失(shi)靈(ling)，因它的級數應(ying)(ying)等于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機的相(xiang)數，在此情(qing)況(kuang)下，它才按規定邏輯給電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機各相(xiang)繞組依次通(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，使(shi)之(zhi)順序(xu)(xu)轉或逆轉。總之(zhi)，對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源裝置(zhi)應(ying)(ying)經常(chang)檢(jian)測(ce)和調(diao)(diao)試，防止故(gu)障(zhang)出(chu)現(xian)，影響電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機正(zheng)(zheng)常(chang)運(yun)行。