一、步進電機怎么測量好壞

1、上電能鎖緊(jin)，力矩輸(shu)出正(zheng)常(chang)，轉角正(zheng)確，這個電機就是好的，否則就有問(wen)題(ti)。

2、斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)狀(zhuang)態下，用(yong)(yong)手(shou)轉動電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)軸，注意各引(yin)出線不要短路(lu)(lu)，好的電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)應當阻力(li)(li)均勻，可以(yi)用(yong)(yong)手(shou)轉動。再把(ba)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)引(yin)出線擰在一起（短路(lu)(lu)），此(ci)時轉動電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)軸的力(li)(li)矩(ju)(ju)就是電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)的標稱力(li)(li)矩(ju)(ju)，也(ye)就是需要電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)標稱力(li)(li)矩(ju)(ju)那么大的力(li)(li)矩(ju)(ju)才能轉動電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)軸，否則電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)就是壞(huai)的。

該圖片由注冊用戶"天空之城"提供，版權聲明反饋

二、步進電機常見故障及處理方法

1、步進電動機運行中失步

當步(bu)(bu)(bu)進電動(dong)(dong)機(ji)改變(bian)負載運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)行(xing)時，如帶大(da)慣(guan)量負載則產生振蕩，造成電機(ji)在某(mou)一運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)行(xing)頻率下，起(qi)動(dong)(dong)丟步(bu)(bu)(bu)或停轉滑步(bu)(bu)(bu)。造成步(bu)(bu)(bu)進電動(dong)(dong)機(ji)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)行(xing)中失(shi)步(bu)(bu)(bu)。為了消除(chu)大(da)慣(guan)性負載引起(qi)失(shi)步(bu)(bu)(bu)，可以(yi)采用機(ji)械阻尼的(de)(de)方法，用以(yi)消除(chu)或吸收振蕩能量；也(ye)可以(yi)通(tong)過加大(da)負載的(de)(de)摩擦力(li)矩的(de)(de)方法，從(cong)而(er)改善運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)行(xing)特性，消除(chu)失(shi)步(bu)(bu)(bu)。因為步(bu)(bu)(bu)進電動(dong)(dong)機(ji)受控(kong)于電脈(mo)沖(chong)而(er)產生步(bu)(bu)(bu)進運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)，采取(qu)如上措施能使電脈(mo)沖(chong)正常，不(bu)受干擾，從(cong)而(er)消除(chu)電機(ji)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)行(xing)中失(shi)步(bu)(bu)(bu)。

另一(yi)種失(shi)步(bu)可(ke)能(neng)是原采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)雙電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)供(gong)(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的而(er)改為(wei)(wei)單(dan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)供(gong)(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，又未采(cai)(cai)取相(xiang)(xiang)應(ying)補救措施，使(shi)(shi)起動(dong)頻(pin)率和(he)運(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)(xing)頻(pin)率降(jiang)低(di)(di)，矩頻(pin)特性(xing)惡化(hua)而(er)失(shi)步(bu)。當是此種原因所(suo)至(zhi)，應(ying)重(zhong)新(xin)恢復雙電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)供(gong)(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。有(you)些使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)單(dan)位或部(bu)門，為(wei)(wei)簡化(hua)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)單(dan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)供(gong)(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)造(zao)成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機運(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)(xing)失(shi)步(bu)，這種做法不(bu)當，要知道采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)雙電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)是為(wei)(wei)了提高(gao)起動(dong)和(he)運(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)(xing)兩種頻(pin)率，改善(shan)(shan)(shan)矩頻(pin)特性(xing)，從而(er)改善(shan)(shan)(shan)了輸入步(bu)進(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機繞(rao)組(zu)中(zhong)脈沖電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流的上升沿(yan)和(he)下降(jiang)沿(yan)。用(yong)(yong)單(dan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)供(gong)(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，脈沖穩(wen)定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流得(de)不(bu)到維持，步(bu)進(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機功率相(xiang)(xiang)應(ying)減小(xiao)，所(suo)以在驅動(dong)中(zhong)相(xiang)(xiang)當于(yu)容(rong)量減小(xiao)而(er)過載，效率降(jiang)低(di)(di)而(er)失(shi)步(bu)。采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)雙電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)，用(yong)(yong)高(gao)低(di)(di)兩套電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路，即(ji)在步(bu)進(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機繞(rao)組(zu)脈沖電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流通入瞬間，對其施以高(gao)壓，強迫電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流上升加速；池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流達到一(yi)定值(zhi)后，再改施以低(di)(di)壓，使(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機正常運(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)(xing)。這種措施不(bu)僅使(shi)(shi)驅動(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)容(rong)量大大減小(xiao)，同時也提高(gao)了運(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)(xing)效率，改善(shan)(shan)(shan)運(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)(xing)特性(xing)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機不(bu)會(hui)失(shi)步(bu)運(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)(xing)。

2、控制繞組一相反繞，影響正常運行

當(dang)步進(jin)電(dian)動機不(bu)能(neng)正(zheng)常運行(xing)時(shi)，除上述兩種原(yuan)因影響速度或失步外，可能(neng)是定了控制繞組(zu)(zu)有一(yi)相(xiang)(xiang)反(fan)(fan)接(jie)。當(dang)一(yi)相(xiang)(xiang)繞組(zu)(zu)反(fan)(fan)接(jie)，相(xiang)(xiang)當(dang)于通電(dian)電(dian)流方(fang)向(xiang)相(xiang)(xiang)反(fan)(fan)，電(dian)流相(xiang)(xiang)互抵消，電(dian)動機在(zai)此相(xiang)(xiang)內無脈(mo)沖電(dian)流，運行(xing)失常或根本不(bu)能(neng)運行(xing)。在(zai)通電(dian)情況下，檢(jian)測三相(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)流就能(neng)發(fa)現。檢(jian)測出反(fan)(fan)接(jie)相(xiang)(xiang)后，將該(gai)相(xiang)(xiang)繞組(zu)(zu)首末引(yin)出線對(dui)調，按正(zheng)確接(jie)法接(jie)好，再(zai)通電(dian)運行(xing)進(jin)行(xing)電(dian)流的(de)檢(jian)測。

3、開路故障

定(ding)子(zi)控制繞組開路故障，表現為(wei)一種是(shi)引(yin)線(xian)接(jie)頭處(chu)斷或(huo)焊接(jie)處(chu)全(quan)脫焊，或(huo)從某一匝中(zhong)導線(xian)折(zhe)斷；另一種情況是(shi)導線(xian)將斷未斷，如假焊、虛焊，或(huo)有裂(lie)紋。

此故(gu)障可采用(yong)檢(jian)測(ce)普通(tong)三相(xiang)電動機斷(duan)路(lu)方法來(lai)檢(jian)測(ce)，較(jiao)方便的是(shi)用(yong)萬(wan)用(yong)表電阻(zu)檔來(lai)檢(jian)測(ce)，當指針不動或電阻(zu)很大(da)，說明所檢(jian)測(ce)一相(xiang)繞組為開(kai)路(lu)。

修理方法(fa)是(shi)找到故障處(chu)，將斷開(kai)兩(liang)頭漆皮刮(gua)掉后擰緊再焊牢，包上絕緣(yuan)。

4、短路故障

步進電動(dong)機定子控制繞組(zu)一般為單根導線(xian)繞制的多匝繞組(zu)，短路也是匝間短路。檢測(ce)方法主要分以(yi)下兩(liang)步:

目測法：凡短(duan)路(lu)的繞(rao)組因短(duan)路(lu)電(dian)流大而過熱(re)，繞(rao)組導線絕(jue)緣層有(you)發黑變脆的糊焦狀(zhuang)，凡有(you)此種情況的為故障相(xiang)；

用在通電(dian)運行(xing)狀(zhuang)況下，測量(liang)各(ge)相電(dian)流(liu)，凡(fan)電(dian)流(liu)大的(de)相為故(gu)障相。

故(gu)障相找到后，如果短路(lu)在端部(bu)外層，采用加熱繞組后，輕輕撬起短路(lu)匝，用薄絕緣紙墊好，再壓實，線圈局部(bu)加熱，再刷上1032號(hao)絕緣漆(qi)后烘于(yu)即可；如短路(lu)嚴重(zhong)不能局部(bu)修理，只有重(zhong)繞線圈換上。

5、擊穿故障

擊(ji)穿故障的(de)繞組可(ke)目測(ce)出，也可(ke)用(yong)兆歐表搖測(ce)其絕(jue)緣電(dian)阻，一般擊(ji)穿后繞組將(jiang)接地，檢測(ce)相(xiang)絕(jue)緣電(dian)阻為零者(zhe)，說明即擊(ji)穿又(you)接地。

6、電源裝置故障使步進電動機不能運行

功率(lv)(lv)放(fang)大失靈(ling)，門電(dian)(dian)路(lu)中(zhong)電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)開(kai)關損(sun)壞及計數(shu)器(qi)失靈(ling)是常發生(sheng)的(de)(de)。可(ke)采(cai)用(yong)萬用(yong)表及示波器(qi)等(deng)儀表，對(dui)照(zhao)線路(lu)逐段檢測(ce)(ce)(ce)。如(ru)測(ce)(ce)(ce)出放(fang)大程序邏輯部分無信號或信號弱，說明(ming)(ming)功率(lv)(lv)驅動(dong)(dong)器(qi)有毛病，對(dui)其應進一步檢測(ce)(ce)(ce)和(he)排除故(gu)障(zhang)至(zhi)有正(zheng)常信號；當(dang)電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)開(kai)關未在(zai)起動(dong)(dong)位(wei)置，門電(dian)(dian)路(lu)就(jiu)開(kai)通(tong)，說明(ming)(ming)起動(dong)(dong)開(kai)關已經損(sun)壞，只有更換合格(ge)的(de)(de)開(kai)關；如(ru)反(fan)(fan)(fan)饋(kui)(kui)信號沒(mei)有，即(ji)反(fan)(fan)(fan)饋(kui)(kui)沒(mei)有電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)值(zhi)，說明(ming)(ming)反(fan)(fan)(fan)饋(kui)(kui)環節(jie)(jie)有故(gu)障(zhang)，應檢測(ce)(ce)(ce)脈沖數(shu)選器(qi)及整形反(fan)(fan)(fan)相環節(jie)(jie)等(deng)，找出毛病調整至(zhi)有正(zheng)常反(fan)(fan)(fan)饋(kui)(kui)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)為止。當(dang)發現(xian)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)通(tong)電(dian)(dian)順(shun)序不對(dui)，不符(fu)合設(she)定(ding)順(shun)序，說明(ming)(ming)環形分配器(qi)失靈(ling)，因它的(de)(de)級數(shu)應等(deng)于電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)的(de)(de)相數(shu)，在(zai)此(ci)情況(kuang)下(xia)，它才按規(gui)定(ding)邏輯給電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)各相繞組(zu)依次通(tong)電(dian)(dian)，使之順(shun)序轉或逆轉。總之，對(dui)電(dian)(dian)源裝置應經常檢測(ce)(ce)(ce)和(he)調試，防止故(gu)障(zhang)出現(xian)，影響電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)正(zheng)常運(yun)行(xing)。