一、步進電機怎么測量好壞

1、上電(dian)能鎖緊，力矩(ju)輸出正常，轉角正確，這(zhe)個電(dian)機就是好的，否則(ze)就有問題。

2、斷電狀態下，用(yong)手轉(zhuan)動電機(ji)軸(zhou)，注意各引出線不要(yao)短路，好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)電機(ji)應當阻力均(jun)勻，可以用(yong)手轉(zhuan)動。再把電機(ji)引出線擰在一起（短路），此時轉(zhuan)動電機(ji)軸(zhou)的(de)(de)(de)力矩(ju)就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)電機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)標稱(cheng)力矩(ju)，也就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)需要(yao)電機(ji)標稱(cheng)力矩(ju)那么大的(de)(de)(de)力矩(ju)才能轉(zhuan)動電機(ji)軸(zhou)，否則電機(ji)就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)壞的(de)(de)(de)。

該圖片由注冊用戶"天空之城"提供，版權聲明反饋

二、步進電機常見故障及處理方法

1、步進電動機運行中失步

當(dang)步(bu)(bu)進(jin)(jin)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)改(gai)變負載(zai)運行(xing)時，如帶大(da)慣量負載(zai)則(ze)產生振(zhen)(zhen)蕩，造成電(dian)(dian)機(ji)在某一(yi)運行(xing)頻率下，起(qi)動(dong)(dong)丟步(bu)(bu)或(huo)停轉滑步(bu)(bu)。造成步(bu)(bu)進(jin)(jin)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)運行(xing)中(zhong)失(shi)步(bu)(bu)。為(wei)了消除大(da)慣性負載(zai)引起(qi)失(shi)步(bu)(bu)，可(ke)(ke)以采用機(ji)械阻尼(ni)的方法(fa)，用以消除或(huo)吸收振(zhen)(zhen)蕩能量；也可(ke)(ke)以通過加大(da)負載(zai)的摩擦力矩(ju)的方法(fa)，從(cong)而改(gai)善(shan)運行(xing)特性，消除失(shi)步(bu)(bu)。因為(wei)步(bu)(bu)進(jin)(jin)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)受控于電(dian)(dian)脈沖而產生步(bu)(bu)進(jin)(jin)運動(dong)(dong)，采取如上措施(shi)能使電(dian)(dian)脈沖正常，不受干擾，從(cong)而消除電(dian)(dian)機(ji)運行(xing)中(zhong)失(shi)步(bu)(bu)。

另一種(zhong)失(shi)(shi)步(bu)可能是(shi)(shi)原采(cai)(cai)用(yong)雙電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的而改(gai)(gai)為(wei)單(dan)(dan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，又(you)未采(cai)(cai)取相(xiang)應補救(jiu)措施，使(shi)起動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)頻(pin)率(lv)(lv)(lv)和(he)運行(xing)(xing)(xing)頻(pin)率(lv)(lv)(lv)降低(di)，矩頻(pin)特(te)性(xing)惡化而失(shi)(shi)步(bu)。當是(shi)(shi)此種(zhong)原因所至(zhi)，應重新恢復雙電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。有些使(shi)用(yong)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)或(huo)部門(men)，為(wei)簡(jian)化電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路采(cai)(cai)用(yong)單(dan)(dan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)造成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)運行(xing)(xing)(xing)失(shi)(shi)步(bu)，這種(zhong)做法不(bu)(bu)當，要(yao)知道采(cai)(cai)用(yong)雙電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)是(shi)(shi)為(wei)了提(ti)高(gao)(gao)起動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)和(he)運行(xing)(xing)(xing)兩種(zhong)頻(pin)率(lv)(lv)(lv)，改(gai)(gai)善矩頻(pin)特(te)性(xing)，從而改(gai)(gai)善了輸(shu)入步(bu)進電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)繞組中脈(mo)沖電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的上升(sheng)沿和(he)下(xia)降沿。用(yong)單(dan)(dan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，脈(mo)沖穩(wen)定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)得不(bu)(bu)到(dao)維持，步(bu)進電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)功(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)相(xiang)應減小，所以(yi)在(zai)(zai)驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)中相(xiang)當于容量減小而過載(zai)，效(xiao)率(lv)(lv)(lv)降低(di)而失(shi)(shi)步(bu)。采(cai)(cai)用(yong)雙電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，用(yong)高(gao)(gao)低(di)兩套電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路，即在(zai)(zai)步(bu)進電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)繞組脈(mo)沖電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)通(tong)入瞬間，對其施以(yi)高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)，強(qiang)迫電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)上升(sheng)加(jia)速(su)；池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)達到(dao)一定值后，再改(gai)(gai)施以(yi)低(di)壓(ya)，使(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)正常運行(xing)(xing)(xing)。這種(zhong)措施不(bu)(bu)僅使(shi)驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)容量大(da)大(da)減小，同時(shi)也提(ti)高(gao)(gao)了運行(xing)(xing)(xing)效(xiao)率(lv)(lv)(lv)，改(gai)(gai)善運行(xing)(xing)(xing)特(te)性(xing)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)不(bu)(bu)會(hui)失(shi)(shi)步(bu)運行(xing)(xing)(xing)。

2、控制繞組一相反繞，影響正常運行

當(dang)步進電(dian)(dian)動機不(bu)能正常運(yun)(yun)(yun)行(xing)時(shi)，除上述兩種原因影響速度或(huo)失步外，可(ke)能是定(ding)了控制繞(rao)組有一相(xiang)(xiang)反接(jie)(jie)。當(dang)一相(xiang)(xiang)繞(rao)組反接(jie)(jie)，相(xiang)(xiang)當(dang)于通電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)方向相(xiang)(xiang)反，電(dian)(dian)流(liu)相(xiang)(xiang)互(hu)抵消(xiao)，電(dian)(dian)動機在(zai)此(ci)相(xiang)(xiang)內無脈(mo)沖電(dian)(dian)流(liu)，運(yun)(yun)(yun)行(xing)失常或(huo)根(gen)本不(bu)能運(yun)(yun)(yun)行(xing)。在(zai)通電(dian)(dian)情(qing)況下(xia)，檢(jian)測(ce)三相(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)就(jiu)能發(fa)現。檢(jian)測(ce)出(chu)反接(jie)(jie)相(xiang)(xiang)后，將該相(xiang)(xiang)繞(rao)組首末引出(chu)線對(dui)調，按(an)正確接(jie)(jie)法接(jie)(jie)好，再(zai)通電(dian)(dian)運(yun)(yun)(yun)行(xing)進行(xing)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)的檢(jian)測(ce)。

3、開路故障

定子控制繞組開(kai)路故障，表現為一(yi)(yi)種是(shi)(shi)引線接(jie)頭處斷(duan)或(huo)焊接(jie)處全脫焊，或(huo)從某一(yi)(yi)匝(za)中導(dao)線折斷(duan)；另一(yi)(yi)種情況是(shi)(shi)導(dao)線將(jiang)斷(duan)未斷(duan)，如假焊、虛(xu)焊，或(huo)有裂紋。

此故障(zhang)可(ke)采用檢測普通三相電動機斷路(lu)方法來檢測，較(jiao)方便的是用萬用表電阻檔(dang)來檢測，當指針不動或電阻很(hen)大，說(shuo)明所檢測一(yi)相繞組為開路(lu)。

修理方法是找(zhao)到故障處，將斷開兩頭漆皮(pi)刮掉后擰緊再焊牢，包上(shang)絕緣。

4、短路故障

步(bu)進(jin)電動機定子控制(zhi)繞組一(yi)般為單根(gen)導線繞制(zhi)的多(duo)匝(za)繞組，短路也是匝(za)間短路。檢測方法(fa)主要分以(yi)下兩(liang)步(bu):

目測法：凡短路的(de)繞組因短路電流大(da)而過熱，繞組導線絕緣層有發黑變脆的(de)糊(hu)焦狀，凡有此種情(qing)況(kuang)的(de)為(wei)故障(zhang)相；

用在(zai)通(tong)電(dian)運(yun)行狀況(kuang)下(xia)，測量各(ge)相電(dian)流(liu)，凡電(dian)流(liu)大的相為故障相。

故障相找到后，如果短(duan)路(lu)在端部外層，采用加熱繞組后，輕輕撬起(qi)短(duan)路(lu)匝(za)，用薄絕(jue)緣紙墊好，再壓實，線圈局部加熱，再刷上1032號絕(jue)緣漆后烘于即可；如短(duan)路(lu)嚴重不能局部修理(li)，只有重繞線圈換上。

5、擊穿故障

擊穿(chuan)故障的繞組(zu)可(ke)目測(ce)出(chu)，也可(ke)用兆(zhao)歐(ou)表(biao)搖測(ce)其絕緣電阻，一(yi)般擊穿(chuan)后繞組(zu)將接地，檢測(ce)相(xiang)絕緣電阻為零者，說明即擊穿(chuan)又接地。

6、電源裝置故障使步進電動機不能運行

功率(lv)放(fang)大失(shi)靈(ling)，門電(dian)(dian)路中電(dian)(dian)子(zi)開(kai)關損(sun)壞(huai)及計(ji)數(shu)器(qi)失(shi)靈(ling)是常(chang)發生的(de)(de)。可(ke)采用萬用表(biao)及示(shi)波器(qi)等儀表(biao)，對(dui)(dui)照線路逐段檢測(ce)(ce)(ce)。如測(ce)(ce)(ce)出(chu)(chu)放(fang)大程(cheng)序(xu)邏(luo)輯部分無信(xin)號(hao)(hao)或信(xin)號(hao)(hao)弱(ruo)，說(shuo)(shuo)明功率(lv)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)器(qi)有(you)(you)毛病，對(dui)(dui)其應(ying)(ying)進(jin)一步檢測(ce)(ce)(ce)和(he)排除(chu)故障至有(you)(you)正常(chang)信(xin)號(hao)(hao)；當(dang)電(dian)(dian)子(zi)開(kai)關未(wei)在(zai)起動(dong)(dong)位置，門電(dian)(dian)路就開(kai)通(tong)，說(shuo)(shuo)明起動(dong)(dong)開(kai)關已經損(sun)壞(huai)，只有(you)(you)更換合(he)格的(de)(de)開(kai)關；如反饋(kui)信(xin)號(hao)(hao)沒有(you)(you)，即反饋(kui)沒有(you)(you)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)值(zhi)，說(shuo)(shuo)明反饋(kui)環(huan)(huan)節有(you)(you)故障，應(ying)(ying)檢測(ce)(ce)(ce)脈沖數(shu)選器(qi)及整(zheng)形(xing)反相環(huan)(huan)節等，找出(chu)(chu)毛病調(diao)整(zheng)至有(you)(you)正常(chang)反饋(kui)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)為止(zhi)。當(dang)發現電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)通(tong)電(dian)(dian)順序(xu)不(bu)對(dui)(dui)，不(bu)符合(he)設定順序(xu)，說(shuo)(shuo)明環(huan)(huan)形(xing)分配器(qi)失(shi)靈(ling)，因(yin)它的(de)(de)級數(shu)應(ying)(ying)等于(yu)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)的(de)(de)相數(shu)，在(zai)此(ci)情況(kuang)下，它才按規(gui)定邏(luo)輯給電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)各相繞組依次通(tong)電(dian)(dian)，使(shi)之順序(xu)轉(zhuan)或逆(ni)轉(zhuan)。總之，對(dui)(dui)電(dian)(dian)源裝置應(ying)(ying)經常(chang)檢測(ce)(ce)(ce)和(he)調(diao)試，防止(zhi)故障出(chu)(chu)現，影響電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)正常(chang)運(yun)行。