一、步進電機怎么測量好壞

1、上電能鎖(suo)緊，力矩輸出正常，轉角正確(que)，這(zhe)個電機就是好的，否(fou)則就有問(wen)題。

2、斷電(dian)(dian)狀態下，用手轉動(dong)電(dian)(dian)機軸(zhou)，注意各引(yin)出線不要短(duan)路(lu)，好的(de)電(dian)(dian)機應當(dang)阻力(li)均勻，可以用手轉動(dong)。再把電(dian)(dian)機引(yin)出線擰在一(yi)起（短(duan)路(lu)），此時轉動(dong)電(dian)(dian)機軸(zhou)的(de)力(li)矩(ju)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)機的(de)標稱力(li)矩(ju)，也就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)需(xu)要電(dian)(dian)機標稱力(li)矩(ju)那么大的(de)力(li)矩(ju)才能轉動(dong)電(dian)(dian)機軸(zhou)，否則電(dian)(dian)機就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)壞的(de)。

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二、步進電機常見故障及處理方法

1、步進電動機運行中失步

當(dang)步(bu)進(jin)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)機改(gai)變負(fu)載運行(xing)時(shi)，如帶大慣量(liang)負(fu)載則產生振蕩，造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)機在(zai)某一運行(xing)頻率下(xia)，起動(dong)丟步(bu)或停轉滑步(bu)。造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)步(bu)進(jin)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)機運行(xing)中(zhong)失(shi)步(bu)。為了(le)消(xiao)除(chu)大慣性負(fu)載引起失(shi)步(bu)，可(ke)以(yi)采用機械阻尼的(de)方法(fa)，用以(yi)消(xiao)除(chu)或吸收振蕩能量(liang)；也可(ke)以(yi)通過加大負(fu)載的(de)摩擦力矩的(de)方法(fa)，從(cong)而(er)改(gai)善運行(xing)特(te)性，消(xiao)除(chu)失(shi)步(bu)。因(yin)為步(bu)進(jin)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)機受控于電(dian)(dian)脈沖(chong)(chong)而(er)產生步(bu)進(jin)運動(dong)，采取如上措施能使電(dian)(dian)脈沖(chong)(chong)正(zheng)常，不(bu)受干(gan)擾，從(cong)而(er)消(xiao)除(chu)電(dian)(dian)機運行(xing)中(zhong)失(shi)步(bu)。

另(ling)一種失(shi)(shi)步(bu)可能(neng)是原(yuan)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)雙電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的而(er)(er)改為(wei)單(dan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，又未采(cai)(cai)取相應補救措(cuo)施，使(shi)起動(dong)(dong)頻(pin)率和(he)運(yun)(yun)行(xing)頻(pin)率降(jiang)低(di)，矩頻(pin)特(te)(te)性惡化而(er)(er)失(shi)(shi)步(bu)。當是此種原(yuan)因所至，應重新恢復雙電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。有些(xie)使(shi)用(yong)單(dan)位或部門(men)，為(wei)簡化電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路采(cai)(cai)用(yong)單(dan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)造(zao)成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)運(yun)(yun)行(xing)失(shi)(shi)步(bu)，這(zhe)種做法(fa)不(bu)當，要知道采(cai)(cai)用(yong)雙電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)是為(wei)了(le)提高起動(dong)(dong)和(he)運(yun)(yun)行(xing)兩(liang)種頻(pin)率，改善(shan)矩頻(pin)特(te)(te)性，從而(er)(er)改善(shan)了(le)輸(shu)入步(bu)進(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)繞組中脈沖(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的上(shang)(shang)升沿和(he)下(xia)降(jiang)沿。用(yong)單(dan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，脈沖(chong)穩定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)得不(bu)到維持，步(bu)進(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)功率相應減(jian)小(xiao)，所以(yi)在(zai)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)中相當于容量減(jian)小(xiao)而(er)(er)過載，效率降(jiang)低(di)而(er)(er)失(shi)(shi)步(bu)。采(cai)(cai)用(yong)雙電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)，用(yong)高低(di)兩(liang)套電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路，即在(zai)步(bu)進(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)繞組脈沖(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)通(tong)入瞬間，對(dui)其施以(yi)高壓(ya)，強迫電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)上(shang)(shang)升加速；池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)達(da)到一定(ding)值后(hou)，再改施以(yi)低(di)壓(ya)，使(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)正(zheng)常運(yun)(yun)行(xing)。這(zhe)種措(cuo)施不(bu)僅使(shi)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)容量大(da)(da)大(da)(da)減(jian)小(xiao)，同時也提高了(le)運(yun)(yun)行(xing)效率，改善(shan)運(yun)(yun)行(xing)特(te)(te)性，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)不(bu)會失(shi)(shi)步(bu)運(yun)(yun)行(xing)。

2、控制繞組一相反繞，影響正常運行

當(dang)步(bu)進(jin)電動(dong)機(ji)不能正(zheng)常運(yun)(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)時(shi)，除上述兩種原因影(ying)響速度或(huo)失步(bu)外，可能是定了控制繞組(zu)有一相反接。當(dang)一相繞組(zu)反接，相當(dang)于(yu)通(tong)電電流(liu)(liu)方向(xiang)相反，電流(liu)(liu)相互抵(di)消(xiao)，電動(dong)機(ji)在此(ci)相內無脈(mo)沖電流(liu)(liu)，運(yun)(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)失常或(huo)根(gen)本不能運(yun)(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)。在通(tong)電情況下，檢測(ce)(ce)三相電流(liu)(liu)就能發現。檢測(ce)(ce)出反接相后，將該相繞組(zu)首末引出線對調，按正(zheng)確接法接好，再通(tong)電運(yun)(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)電流(liu)(liu)的(de)檢測(ce)(ce)。

3、開路故障

定(ding)子控制繞組開路故障(zhang)，表(biao)現為一種是(shi)引(yin)線接(jie)頭處斷(duan)(duan)或(huo)焊接(jie)處全脫焊，或(huo)從某一匝中導(dao)線折斷(duan)(duan)；另一種情況是(shi)導(dao)線將斷(duan)(duan)未斷(duan)(duan)，如假(jia)焊、虛焊，或(huo)有裂紋。

此(ci)故(gu)障可采用(yong)檢測普通三相電動(dong)機斷路方法來檢測，較(jiao)方便的是(shi)用(yong)萬用(yong)表電阻檔(dang)來檢測，當指針(zhen)不動(dong)或(huo)電阻很大，說明所檢測一相繞組為開路。

修理方法是找到故障處，將斷開(kai)兩頭漆皮刮掉后擰緊再(zai)焊牢，包上絕緣。

4、短路故障

步(bu)進電(dian)動機定子控制繞(rao)(rao)組一(yi)般為單根導(dao)線繞(rao)(rao)制的多匝繞(rao)(rao)組，短(duan)路也是(shi)匝間(jian)短(duan)路。檢測方(fang)法主要(yao)分以下(xia)兩步(bu):

目測法：凡短路的(de)繞組(zu)因短路電流大而過熱，繞組(zu)導線絕(jue)緣層有發(fa)黑(hei)變脆的(de)糊焦狀(zhuang)，凡有此(ci)種(zhong)情況的(de)為故障相(xiang)；

用在(zai)通電(dian)運(yun)行狀況下，測(ce)量(liang)各相電(dian)流(liu)(liu)，凡電(dian)流(liu)(liu)大的(de)相為故障相。

故障相找到(dao)后，如(ru)果短路(lu)在端部外(wai)層(ceng)，采用加熱繞組(zu)后，輕輕撬起短路(lu)匝(za)，用薄絕緣紙墊好(hao)，再壓實，線圈局(ju)部加熱，再刷(shua)上(shang)(shang)1032號絕緣漆后烘于即可；如(ru)短路(lu)嚴重不能局(ju)部修理，只有(you)重繞線圈換上(shang)(shang)。

5、擊穿故障

擊(ji)穿故(gu)障的繞組(zu)可目測出，也可用兆歐表搖測其絕(jue)緣電(dian)阻，一般擊(ji)穿后繞組(zu)將接地，檢(jian)測相絕(jue)緣電(dian)阻為零者，說明(ming)即擊(ji)穿又接地。

6、電源裝置故障使步進電動機不能運行

功率放大失靈，門(men)(men)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)中電(dian)(dian)子開關(guan)(guan)損壞(huai)及(ji)計數(shu)(shu)器(qi)(qi)失靈是常發(fa)生的(de)。可采(cai)用(yong)萬用(yong)表及(ji)示波器(qi)(qi)等(deng)儀表，對(dui)(dui)照(zhao)線路(lu)逐(zhu)段(duan)檢(jian)測。如測出放大程(cheng)序邏輯(ji)部(bu)分無信號或信號弱(ruo)，說(shuo)明(ming)功率驅動器(qi)(qi)有(you)(you)毛病，對(dui)(dui)其應進一步(bu)檢(jian)測和排除(chu)故障(zhang)(zhang)至(zhi)有(you)(you)正(zheng)常信號；當電(dian)(dian)子開關(guan)(guan)未在(zai)起(qi)動位置，門(men)(men)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)就開通(tong)，說(shuo)明(ming)起(qi)動開關(guan)(guan)已經損壞(huai)，只有(you)(you)更換(huan)合格的(de)開關(guan)(guan)；如反饋信號沒有(you)(you)，即反饋沒有(you)(you)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)值，說(shuo)明(ming)反饋環(huan)節有(you)(you)故障(zhang)(zhang)，應檢(jian)測脈沖數(shu)(shu)選器(qi)(qi)及(ji)整形(xing)反相(xiang)環(huan)節等(deng)，找(zhao)出毛病調(diao)整至(zhi)有(you)(you)正(zheng)常反饋電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)為止。當發(fa)現電(dian)(dian)動機(ji)(ji)通(tong)電(dian)(dian)順序不(bu)對(dui)(dui)，不(bu)符合設(she)定順序，說(shuo)明(ming)環(huan)形(xing)分配器(qi)(qi)失靈，因它(ta)的(de)級數(shu)(shu)應等(deng)于電(dian)(dian)動機(ji)(ji)的(de)相(xiang)數(shu)(shu)，在(zai)此情況下，它(ta)才按規定邏輯(ji)給(gei)電(dian)(dian)動機(ji)(ji)各相(xiang)繞組依次通(tong)電(dian)(dian)，使之(zhi)順序轉或逆轉。總(zong)之(zhi)，對(dui)(dui)電(dian)(dian)源裝置應經常檢(jian)測和調(diao)試，防止故障(zhang)(zhang)出現，影響電(dian)(dian)動機(ji)(ji)正(zheng)常運行(xing)。