一、步進電機怎么測量好壞

1、上電(dian)能鎖緊，力矩輸(shu)出正常，轉角(jiao)正確，這(zhe)個電(dian)機就是(shi)好的，否則就有問題。

2、斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態下，用手轉動電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)軸，注(zhu)意各引(yin)出(chu)線(xian)不要短路，好的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)應當阻(zu)力(li)(li)均勻，可以用手轉動。再把電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)引(yin)出(chu)線(xian)擰在(zai)一起（短路），此(ci)時轉動電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)軸的(de)力(li)(li)矩就(jiu)是電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)標稱力(li)(li)矩，也就(jiu)是需要電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)標稱力(li)(li)矩那么大的(de)力(li)(li)矩才(cai)能轉動電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)軸，否則電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)就(jiu)是壞的(de)。

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二、步進電機常見故障及處理方法

1、步進電動機運行中失步

當步(bu)(bu)(bu)進電(dian)(dian)動機(ji)(ji)(ji)改變負(fu)載(zai)運(yun)行時(shi)，如帶大慣量負(fu)載(zai)則產生(sheng)振(zhen)(zhen)蕩，造(zao)成電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)在某一運(yun)行頻(pin)率(lv)下，起(qi)動丟步(bu)(bu)(bu)或(huo)停轉滑步(bu)(bu)(bu)。造(zao)成步(bu)(bu)(bu)進電(dian)(dian)動機(ji)(ji)(ji)運(yun)行中(zhong)失步(bu)(bu)(bu)。為了(le)消除大慣性(xing)(xing)負(fu)載(zai)引起(qi)失步(bu)(bu)(bu)，可以(yi)采用(yong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)械阻尼的方法，用(yong)以(yi)消除或(huo)吸(xi)收振(zhen)(zhen)蕩能(neng)(neng)量；也可以(yi)通過加大負(fu)載(zai)的摩擦(ca)力(li)矩的方法，從而(er)改善(shan)運(yun)行特(te)性(xing)(xing)，消除失步(bu)(bu)(bu)。因(yin)為步(bu)(bu)(bu)進電(dian)(dian)動機(ji)(ji)(ji)受(shou)控于電(dian)(dian)脈(mo)沖而(er)產生(sheng)步(bu)(bu)(bu)進運(yun)動，采取如上措施能(neng)(neng)使電(dian)(dian)脈(mo)沖正常，不受(shou)干(gan)擾，從而(er)消除電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)運(yun)行中(zhong)失步(bu)(bu)(bu)。

另一(yi)種(zhong)失(shi)步(bu)(bu)可(ke)能是(shi)原(yuan)采(cai)用雙(shuang)(shuang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的而(er)(er)改為(wei)單(dan)(dan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，又未(wei)采(cai)取相(xiang)應(ying)補救(jiu)措(cuo)施(shi)，使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)起動(dong)頻(pin)率和運(yun)(yun)行(xing)頻(pin)率降(jiang)低(di)，矩(ju)頻(pin)特(te)性惡化而(er)(er)失(shi)步(bu)(bu)。當是(shi)此種(zhong)原(yuan)因(yin)所至，應(ying)重新(xin)恢復雙(shuang)(shuang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。有(you)些使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用單(dan)(dan)位或部門，為(wei)簡化電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路采(cai)用單(dan)(dan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)造成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機運(yun)(yun)行(xing)失(shi)步(bu)(bu)，這(zhe)種(zhong)做(zuo)法不當，要知道采(cai)用雙(shuang)(shuang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)是(shi)為(wei)了(le)提高(gao)起動(dong)和運(yun)(yun)行(xing)兩種(zhong)頻(pin)率，改善(shan)(shan)矩(ju)頻(pin)特(te)性，從而(er)(er)改善(shan)(shan)了(le)輸入(ru)步(bu)(bu)進電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機繞組中(zhong)(zhong)脈(mo)沖(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流的上升沿(yan)和下降(jiang)沿(yan)。用單(dan)(dan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，脈(mo)沖(chong)穩定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流得不到維(wei)持，步(bu)(bu)進電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機功(gong)率相(xiang)應(ying)減(jian)(jian)小(xiao)(xiao)，所以(yi)(yi)在驅動(dong)中(zhong)(zhong)相(xiang)當于容量減(jian)(jian)小(xiao)(xiao)而(er)(er)過載(zai)，效率降(jiang)低(di)而(er)(er)失(shi)步(bu)(bu)。采(cai)用雙(shuang)(shuang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，用高(gao)低(di)兩套電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路，即在步(bu)(bu)進電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機繞組脈(mo)沖(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流通入(ru)瞬間，對其施(shi)以(yi)(yi)高(gao)壓，強迫(po)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流上升加速；池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流達到一(yi)定值后(hou)，再改施(shi)以(yi)(yi)低(di)壓，使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機正常運(yun)(yun)行(xing)。這(zhe)種(zhong)措(cuo)施(shi)不僅使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驅動(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)容量大(da)大(da)減(jian)(jian)小(xiao)(xiao)，同時也提高(gao)了(le)運(yun)(yun)行(xing)效率，改善(shan)(shan)運(yun)(yun)行(xing)特(te)性，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機不會失(shi)步(bu)(bu)運(yun)(yun)行(xing)。

2、控制繞組一相反繞，影響正常運行

當(dang)步進電(dian)(dian)動機不(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)正常(chang)(chang)運行(xing)時，除上述兩種原因影響速度或(huo)(huo)失步外，可能(neng)(neng)是(shi)定了控制繞(rao)(rao)組有一相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)反(fan)(fan)接(jie)(jie)(jie)。當(dang)一相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)繞(rao)(rao)組反(fan)(fan)接(jie)(jie)(jie)，相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)當(dang)于通(tong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流方向相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)反(fan)(fan)，電(dian)(dian)流相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)互抵(di)消(xiao)，電(dian)(dian)動機在此相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)內(nei)無脈沖電(dian)(dian)流，運行(xing)失常(chang)(chang)或(huo)(huo)根本不(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)運行(xing)。在通(tong)電(dian)(dian)情況下，檢測三(san)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)流就能(neng)(neng)發現。檢測出反(fan)(fan)接(jie)(jie)(jie)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)后(hou)，將該(gai)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)繞(rao)(rao)組首末引出線對調，按正確接(jie)(jie)(jie)法接(jie)(jie)(jie)好，再通(tong)電(dian)(dian)運行(xing)進行(xing)電(dian)(dian)流的檢測。

3、開路故障

定子控(kong)制繞組(zu)開路(lu)故障，表現(xian)為一(yi)種是(shi)引(yin)線接頭處斷或(huo)(huo)焊接處全(quan)脫焊，或(huo)(huo)從某一(yi)匝中(zhong)導線折斷；另一(yi)種情況(kuang)是(shi)導線將斷未斷，如假焊、虛焊，或(huo)(huo)有裂紋(wen)。

此(ci)故障(zhang)可采(cai)用檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)普通三相(xiang)電(dian)(dian)動機斷路(lu)方法來檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)，較方便的(de)是(shi)用萬(wan)用表電(dian)(dian)阻檔來檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)，當指(zhi)針不動或(huo)電(dian)(dian)阻很大，說(shuo)明(ming)所檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)一相(xiang)繞(rao)組為(wei)開路(lu)。

修理方法是找到故障處，將斷開兩頭漆皮刮掉后擰緊再焊牢，包上絕緣。

4、短路故障

步(bu)(bu)進(jin)電動機定(ding)子控(kong)制繞(rao)組(zu)一般為單(dan)根導線繞(rao)制的多匝(za)繞(rao)組(zu)，短路(lu)也是匝(za)間短路(lu)。檢(jian)測方法主(zhu)要分以下兩(liang)步(bu)(bu):

目測法：凡短路的繞組因短路電(dian)流大而(er)過熱，繞組導線絕緣層有發(fa)黑變脆的糊焦狀，凡有此種情(qing)況的為故障相；

用在通(tong)電運行(xing)狀況下，測量各相(xiang)電流(liu)，凡電流(liu)大的相(xiang)為(wei)故(gu)障相(xiang)。

故障(zhang)相找到后，如果短(duan)路在端(duan)部(bu)外(wai)層(ceng)，采(cai)用加熱(re)繞組后，輕輕撬(qiao)起(qi)短(duan)路匝，用薄絕緣紙墊好，再(zai)壓實，線(xian)圈局部(bu)加熱(re)，再(zai)刷上(shang)1032號絕緣漆后烘于即可；如短(duan)路嚴重(zhong)不(bu)能局部(bu)修理，只有(you)重(zhong)繞線(xian)圈換(huan)上(shang)。

5、擊穿故障

擊(ji)(ji)穿故障的繞組可(ke)目測出(chu)，也可(ke)用兆歐表搖測其絕緣(yuan)電阻，一(yi)般擊(ji)(ji)穿后繞組將(jiang)接地(di)，檢測相絕緣(yuan)電阻為零者(zhe)，說明(ming)即擊(ji)(ji)穿又接地(di)。

6、電源裝置故障使步進電動機不能運行

功(gong)率放(fang)大(da)失(shi)靈(ling)，門(men)電(dian)(dian)路中電(dian)(dian)子開關損壞(huai)及計數器失(shi)靈(ling)是常發生的(de)(de)。可采(cai)用(yong)萬用(yong)表及示(shi)波器等儀表，對(dui)照線路逐段(duan)檢測(ce)。如(ru)測(ce)出放(fang)大(da)程(cheng)序(xu)邏(luo)輯部分(fen)無信(xin)號(hao)或信(xin)號(hao)弱，說(shuo)明功(gong)率驅動(dong)器有(you)(you)毛病(bing)，對(dui)其應(ying)進一步檢測(ce)和排(pai)除故(gu)障(zhang)至(zhi)(zhi)有(you)(you)正(zheng)常信(xin)號(hao)；當電(dian)(dian)子開關未在起動(dong)位置，門(men)電(dian)(dian)路就開通(tong)，說(shuo)明起動(dong)開關已經(jing)損壞(huai)，只(zhi)有(you)(you)更換合(he)格的(de)(de)開關；如(ru)反饋(kui)信(xin)號(hao)沒(mei)有(you)(you)，即(ji)反饋(kui)沒(mei)有(you)(you)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)值，說(shuo)明反饋(kui)環(huan)節有(you)(you)故(gu)障(zhang)，應(ying)檢測(ce)脈沖數選器及整形反相(xiang)環(huan)節等，找出毛病(bing)調整至(zhi)(zhi)有(you)(you)正(zheng)常反饋(kui)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)為止(zhi)(zhi)。當發現電(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)通(tong)電(dian)(dian)順(shun)序(xu)不對(dui)，不符合(he)設定(ding)順(shun)序(xu)，說(shuo)明環(huan)形分(fen)配器失(shi)靈(ling)，因它(ta)的(de)(de)級數應(ying)等于(yu)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)相(xiang)數，在此情(qing)況下，它(ta)才(cai)按規定(ding)邏(luo)輯給電(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)各相(xiang)繞組依次通(tong)電(dian)(dian)，使之(zhi)順(shun)序(xu)轉或逆轉。總之(zhi)，對(dui)電(dian)(dian)源裝置應(ying)經(jing)常檢測(ce)和調試，防止(zhi)(zhi)故(gu)障(zhang)出現，影響電(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)正(zheng)常運行。