一、步進電機怎么測量好壞

1、上(shang)電能(neng)鎖緊，力矩輸出(chu)正常，轉角正確，這個(ge)電機就是好(hao)的，否則(ze)就有問題。

2、斷電(dian)(dian)狀態下，用(yong)手轉(zhuan)動(dong)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)軸，注意各引出(chu)線不(bu)要短(duan)路(lu)，好的(de)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)應當阻力(li)均勻(yun)，可以(yi)用(yong)手轉(zhuan)動(dong)。再把電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)引出(chu)線擰在一起（短(duan)路(lu)），此時轉(zhuan)動(dong)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)軸的(de)力(li)矩(ju)就是(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)的(de)標稱力(li)矩(ju)，也就是(shi)(shi)需要電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)標稱力(li)矩(ju)那么大的(de)力(li)矩(ju)才能轉(zhuan)動(dong)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)軸，否則(ze)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)就是(shi)(shi)壞的(de)。

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二、步進電機常見故障及處理方法

1、步進電動機運行中失步

當步(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)進(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動機(ji)(ji)改(gai)變負(fu)(fu)載運(yun)行(xing)時，如帶大慣量負(fu)(fu)載則(ze)產(chan)生振(zhen)蕩，造成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)在某一(yi)運(yun)行(xing)頻率下，起動丟步(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)或停轉滑步(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)。造成(cheng)步(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)進(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動機(ji)(ji)運(yun)行(xing)中(zhong)失步(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)。為了消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)除大慣性(xing)負(fu)(fu)載引起失步(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)，可(ke)以(yi)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)機(ji)(ji)械阻尼(ni)的方法(fa)，用(yong)以(yi)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)除或吸收振(zhen)蕩能量；也可(ke)以(yi)通(tong)過加大負(fu)(fu)載的摩擦力矩的方法(fa)，從而改(gai)善(shan)運(yun)行(xing)特(te)性(xing)，消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)除失步(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)。因為步(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)進(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動機(ji)(ji)受(shou)控于電(dian)(dian)(dian)脈(mo)沖(chong)而產(chan)生步(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)進(jin)運(yun)動，采(cai)(cai)取如上措施能使電(dian)(dian)(dian)脈(mo)沖(chong)正常(chang)，不(bu)受(shou)干擾(rao)，從而消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)除電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)運(yun)行(xing)中(zhong)失步(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)。

另(ling)一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)失步(bu)(bu)(bu)可能是原采(cai)用(yong)(yong)雙(shuang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)而(er)(er)改(gai)為(wei)單電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，又未采(cai)取相(xiang)應(ying)補救(jiu)措(cuo)施，使(shi)起動(dong)(dong)(dong)頻(pin)率和(he)運(yun)行(xing)(xing)頻(pin)率降低(di)(di)，矩(ju)頻(pin)特性(xing)(xing)惡化(hua)而(er)(er)失步(bu)(bu)(bu)。當(dang)是此種(zhong)(zhong)原因(yin)所至，應(ying)重新恢復(fu)雙(shuang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。有些(xie)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)單位或部(bu)門，為(wei)簡(jian)化(hua)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路采(cai)用(yong)(yong)單電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)造(zao)成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機運(yun)行(xing)(xing)失步(bu)(bu)(bu)，這(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)做(zuo)法(fa)不(bu)當(dang)，要知道(dao)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)雙(shuang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)是為(wei)了提(ti)高(gao)起動(dong)(dong)(dong)和(he)運(yun)行(xing)(xing)兩(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)頻(pin)率，改(gai)善矩(ju)頻(pin)特性(xing)(xing)，從而(er)(er)改(gai)善了輸入步(bu)(bu)(bu)進(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機繞(rao)組中脈(mo)(mo)沖(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)上(shang)升(sheng)沿(yan)(yan)和(he)下降沿(yan)(yan)。用(yong)(yong)單電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，脈(mo)(mo)沖(chong)(chong)穩定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)得不(bu)到維持，步(bu)(bu)(bu)進(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機功率相(xiang)應(ying)減小，所以(yi)在驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)中相(xiang)當(dang)于容(rong)量減小而(er)(er)過載，效率降低(di)(di)而(er)(er)失步(bu)(bu)(bu)。采(cai)用(yong)(yong)雙(shuang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，用(yong)(yong)高(gao)低(di)(di)兩(liang)套(tao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路，即在步(bu)(bu)(bu)進(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機繞(rao)組脈(mo)(mo)沖(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)通入瞬間，對其施以(yi)高(gao)壓，強迫電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)上(shang)升(sheng)加速；池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)達到一(yi)定值(zhi)后，再改(gai)施以(yi)低(di)(di)壓，使(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機正常運(yun)行(xing)(xing)。這(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)措(cuo)施不(bu)僅使(shi)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)容(rong)量大大減小，同(tong)時(shi)也提(ti)高(gao)了運(yun)行(xing)(xing)效率，改(gai)善運(yun)行(xing)(xing)特性(xing)(xing)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機不(bu)會失步(bu)(bu)(bu)運(yun)行(xing)(xing)。

2、控制繞組一相反繞，影響正常運行

當步(bu)進電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動機(ji)不能(neng)(neng)正(zheng)常(chang)運(yun)行(xing)(xing)(xing)時(shi)，除上述兩種原因影響速度(du)或(huo)失(shi)步(bu)外，可能(neng)(neng)是定(ding)了(le)控制繞組有一相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)反(fan)接(jie)(jie)。當一相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)繞組反(fan)接(jie)(jie)，相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)當于(yu)通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)方(fang)向相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)反(fan)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)互(hu)抵消(xiao)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動機(ji)在(zai)此相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)內無脈沖電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)，運(yun)行(xing)(xing)(xing)失(shi)常(chang)或(huo)根本不能(neng)(neng)運(yun)行(xing)(xing)(xing)。在(zai)通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)情況下，檢(jian)測(ce)三(san)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)就能(neng)(neng)發現(xian)。檢(jian)測(ce)出反(fan)接(jie)(jie)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)后(hou)，將該相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)繞組首末引出線對調，按正(zheng)確接(jie)(jie)法接(jie)(jie)好，再通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)運(yun)行(xing)(xing)(xing)進行(xing)(xing)(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)的檢(jian)測(ce)。

3、開路故障

定子控制繞組開路(lu)故障，表(biao)現(xian)為一(yi)種(zhong)是引線(xian)接頭處斷或(huo)焊接處全脫焊，或(huo)從某一(yi)匝(za)中導(dao)線(xian)折斷；另一(yi)種(zhong)情況是導(dao)線(xian)將斷未斷，如假(jia)焊、虛焊，或(huo)有裂紋。

此故障可(ke)采用檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)普通(tong)三相電(dian)動(dong)機斷路方法來檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)，較方便的(de)是用萬用表(biao)電(dian)阻檔來檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)，當指針(zhen)不動(dong)或電(dian)阻很大，說(shuo)明所檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)一(yi)相繞組為開路。

修理(li)方法(fa)是找(zhao)到故障(zhang)處，將斷開兩頭漆皮(pi)刮掉后擰(ning)緊再焊牢(lao)，包上絕緣。

4、短路故障

步進電動機定子(zi)控制繞組一般(ban)為單根導線(xian)繞制的多匝(za)繞組，短路(lu)也是匝(za)間(jian)短路(lu)。檢測方(fang)法主(zhu)要分以下兩(liang)步:

目測法：凡短路的(de)繞組(zu)因短路電(dian)流大而過熱，繞組(zu)導線絕緣層有發(fa)黑變脆的(de)糊焦(jiao)狀，凡有此種情(qing)況的(de)為故(gu)障相；

用在通(tong)電(dian)運行狀況下(xia)，測量各(ge)相電(dian)流(liu)，凡電(dian)流(liu)大(da)的相為故障相。

故障相(xiang)找到后，如(ru)果短(duan)路在端部(bu)外層，采用加(jia)熱(re)繞組后，輕輕撬起短(duan)路匝，用薄絕(jue)緣紙墊好，再(zai)壓實，線圈局(ju)部(bu)加(jia)熱(re)，再(zai)刷上1032號絕(jue)緣漆后烘于(yu)即可；如(ru)短(duan)路嚴重不能局(ju)部(bu)修理，只有重繞線圈換上。

5、擊穿故障

擊穿(chuan)故(gu)障的繞組(zu)可(ke)目測(ce)出，也可(ke)用兆歐表搖測(ce)其絕(jue)緣電阻(zu)，一般擊穿(chuan)后繞組(zu)將接地，檢測(ce)相絕(jue)緣電阻(zu)為零者(zhe)，說明即擊穿(chuan)又接地。

6、電源裝置故障使步進電動機不能運行

功(gong)率放(fang)大(da)失(shi)靈，門電(dian)(dian)路中電(dian)(dian)子(zi)開(kai)關損壞(huai)及計數器(qi)失(shi)靈是常發生的(de)(de)。可采用(yong)萬用(yong)表及示波器(qi)等(deng)儀(yi)表，對照線路逐段檢測。如測出放(fang)大(da)程序(xu)邏輯(ji)部(bu)分無(wu)信(xin)號或(huo)信(xin)號弱，說明(ming)功(gong)率驅動(dong)(dong)器(qi)有(you)毛病，對其應(ying)進(jin)一(yi)步檢測和排除(chu)故(gu)障(zhang)至(zhi)有(you)正常信(xin)號；當(dang)電(dian)(dian)子(zi)開(kai)關未在(zai)起動(dong)(dong)位(wei)置(zhi)，門電(dian)(dian)路就開(kai)通(tong)，說明(ming)起動(dong)(dong)開(kai)關已經(jing)(jing)損壞(huai)，只有(you)更換合格的(de)(de)開(kai)關；如反(fan)饋(kui)信(xin)號沒(mei)有(you)，即反(fan)饋(kui)沒(mei)有(you)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)值，說明(ming)反(fan)饋(kui)環(huan)(huan)節有(you)故(gu)障(zhang)，應(ying)檢測脈沖數選器(qi)及整形反(fan)相環(huan)(huan)節等(deng)，找出毛病調整至(zhi)有(you)正常反(fan)饋(kui)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)為止(zhi)。當(dang)發現電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)通(tong)電(dian)(dian)順序(xu)不對，不符合設定順序(xu)，說明(ming)環(huan)(huan)形分配(pei)器(qi)失(shi)靈，因它(ta)的(de)(de)級(ji)數應(ying)等(deng)于電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)的(de)(de)相數，在(zai)此(ci)情況下，它(ta)才(cai)按規定邏輯(ji)給(gei)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)各相繞(rao)組依次通(tong)電(dian)(dian)，使之(zhi)順序(xu)轉(zhuan)或(huo)逆轉(zhuan)。總(zong)之(zhi)，對電(dian)(dian)源裝置(zhi)應(ying)經(jing)(jing)常檢測和調試，防(fang)止(zhi)故(gu)障(zhang)出現，影(ying)響電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)正常運(yun)行。