步進電機常用術語參數含義大全

1、步進電機的相數

是指電(dian)機(ji)(ji)內部的(de)線(xian)圈(quan)組數，目前常用(yong)的(de)有二相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、三(san)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、四相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、五相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)步(bu)進電(dian)機(ji)(ji)。電(dian)機(ji)(ji)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)數不同(tong)，其步(bu)距(ju)(ju)角(jiao)也不同(tong)，一般(ban)二相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)的(de)步(bu)距(ju)(ju)角(jiao)為0.9°/1.8°、三(san)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)的(de)為0.6°/1.2°、五相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)的(de)為0.36°/0.72°。在沒(mei)有細(xi)分(fen)(fen)驅(qu)動器時(shi)，用(yong)戶主要(yao)靠選擇不同(tong)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)數的(de)步(bu)進電(dian)機(ji)(ji)來滿足自(zi)己步(bu)距(ju)(ju)角(jiao)的(de)要(yao)求(qiu)。如果使用(yong)細(xi)分(fen)(fen)驅(qu)動器，則相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)數將變(bian)得意義(yi)不大，用(yong)戶只需(xu)在驅(qu)動器上改(gai)變(bian)細(xi)分(fen)(fen)數，就可(ke)以(yi)改(gai)變(bian)步(bu)距(ju)(ju)角(jiao)。

2、步進電機拍數

完成一(yi)個磁場周期性變化所需(xu)脈沖數或(huo)導電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態，用m表示，或(huo)指電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機轉過一(yi)個齒距角所需(xu)脈沖數，以兩相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機為例，有兩相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)四拍運行方式即：A相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)正電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流，B相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)負電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流→A相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)正電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流，B相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)正電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流→A相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)負電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流，B相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)正電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流→A相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)負電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流，B相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)負電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流。

3、保持轉矩（HOLDING TORQUE）

是指步(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)進(jin)(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)通(tong)(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)但沒有(you)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動時(shi)，定子鎖(suo)住轉(zhuan)(zhuan)子的(de)力(li)(li)(li)(li)矩(ju)(ju)。它是步(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)進(jin)(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)最重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)的(de)參數之一，通(tong)(tong)常(chang)步(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)進(jin)(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)在(zai)低速(su)(su)時(shi)的(de)力(li)(li)(li)(li)矩(ju)(ju)接(jie)近保(bao)持轉(zhuan)(zhuan)矩(ju)(ju)。由于(yu)步(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)進(jin)(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)的(de)輸出力(li)(li)(li)(li)矩(ju)(ju)隨速(su)(su)度的(de)增(zeng)(zeng)大(da)(da)而(er)(er)不(bu)斷衰減，輸出功率也(ye)隨速(su)(su)度的(de)增(zeng)(zeng)大(da)(da)而(er)(er)變化，所以(yi)保(bao)持轉(zhuan)(zhuan)矩(ju)(ju)就成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)了(le)衡量步(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)進(jin)(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)最重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)的(de)參數之一。比如(ru)，當(dang)人們說(shuo)(shuo)2N.m的(de)步(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)進(jin)(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)，在(zai)沒有(you)特殊(shu)說(shuo)(shuo)明的(de)情(qing)況下是指保(bao)持轉(zhuan)(zhuan)矩(ju)(ju)為(wei)(wei)2N.m的(de)步(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)進(jin)(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)。由于(yu)步(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)進(jin)(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)是控(kong)制(zhi)類(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)，所以(yi)目前(qian)常(chang)用步(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)進(jin)(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)的(de)最大(da)(da)力(li)(li)(li)(li)矩(ju)(ju)不(bu)超(chao)過45Nm，力(li)(li)(li)(li)矩(ju)(ju)越大(da)(da)，成(cheng)本越高，如(ru)果您所選擇的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)力(li)(li)(li)(li)矩(ju)(ju)較(jiao)大(da)(da)或超(chao)過此范(fan)圍，可以(yi)考慮加配減速(su)(su)裝置(zhi)。

4、步進電機步距角

對應一(yi)個脈沖信號，電機轉(zhuan)(zhuan)子轉(zhuan)(zhuan)過的角(jiao)(jiao)位(wei)移，用θ表示。以(yi)常規二、四(si)相，轉(zhuan)(zhuan)子齒為(wei)50齒電機為(wei)例。四(si)拍運(yun)行時步(bu)距(ju)角(jiao)(jiao)為(wei)θ=360度/（50*4）=1.8度（俗稱(cheng)整步(bu)），八拍運(yun)行時步(bu)距(ju)角(jiao)(jiao)為(wei)θ=360度/（50*8）=0.9度（俗稱(cheng)半(ban)步(bu)）。

5、步進電機定位轉矩

電(dian)機(ji)(ji)在不(bu)通(tong)電(dian)狀態下，電(dian)機(ji)(ji)轉子自身的鎖(suo)定(ding)力(li)矩(ju)（由(you)磁(ci)場齒形的諧波以及(ji)機(ji)(ji)械誤(wu)差造成的）。

6、靜轉矩

電(dian)機在額定(ding)靜態電(dian)壓作用(yong)下，電(dian)機不作旋轉(zhuan)運動(dong)時，電(dian)機轉(zhuan)軸的鎖定(ding)力矩。此力矩是衡(heng)量電(dian)機體積的標準(zhun)，與驅(qu)動(dong)電(dian)壓及驅(qu)動(dong)電(dian)源等無關。

7、失步

步進(jin)電機運(yun)轉時運(yun)轉的步數，不(bu)等于理(li)論上的步數。稱之(zhi)為失步。

該圖片由注冊用戶"天空之城"提供，版權聲明反饋

8、步進電機正反轉控制

當電(dian)機(ji)繞組通(tong)電(dian)時序為(wei)AB-BC-CD-DA或()時為(wei)正轉，通(tong)電(dian)時序為(wei)DA-CA-BC-AB或()時為(wei)反(fan)轉。

9、最大空載的運行頻率

電(dian)機(ji)在某種驅(qu)動形式，電(dian)壓及額定電(dian)流下，電(dian)機(ji)不帶負載的(de)最高轉速(su)頻率。

10、失調角

轉子(zi)齒軸線(xian)偏移定(ding)子(zi)齒軸線(xian)的(de)角度，步進(jin)電機運轉必(bi)存在失調角，由失調角產生的(de)誤(wu)差，采用細分驅動(dong)是不能解決的(de)。

11、最大空載起動頻率

步進電機在某種驅動(dong)形式、電壓(ya)及額定(ding)電流下，在不加負載的(de)情(qing)況下，能夠(gou)直接起(qi)動(dong)的(de)最大(da)頻率。

12、步距角精度

步(bu)(bu)進電(dian)機每轉(zhuan)過一個步(bu)(bu)距角的實際值與理論值的誤差(cha)。用百分比表(biao)示：誤差(cha)/步(bu)(bu)距角*100%。不(bu)同(tong)運(yun)行拍(pai)數其值不(bu)同(tong)，四(si)拍(pai)運(yun)行時(shi)應(ying)在(zai)(zai)5%之(zhi)內，八拍(pai)運(yun)行時(shi)應(ying)在(zai)(zai)15%以內。

13、運行矩頻特性

電(dian)機(ji)在(zai)某種測(ce)試條件下(xia)測(ce)得(de)運(yun)行中輸出力(li)矩(ju)(ju)與頻率(lv)關系的(de)曲(qu)線稱(cheng)為(wei)運(yun)行矩(ju)(ju)頻特性，這是(shi)電(dian)機(ji)諸多動態(tai)(tai)曲(qu)線中最重要的(de)，也是(shi)電(dian)機(ji)選擇的(de)根本(ben)依據。其它特性還有慣頻特性、起動頻率(lv)特性等。電(dian)機(ji)一旦選定，電(dian)機(ji)的(de)靜力(li)矩(ju)(ju)確定，而動態(tai)(tai)力(li)矩(ju)(ju)卻(que)不然(ran)，電(dian)機(ji)的(de)動態(tai)(tai)力(li)矩(ju)(ju)取決于電(dian)機(ji)運(yun)行時(shi)的(de)平均電(dian)流，平均電(dian)流越(yue)大，電(dian)機(ji)輸出力(li)矩(ju)(ju)越(yue)大，即電(dian)機(ji)的(de)頻率(lv)特性越(yue)硬。

14、步進電機的共振點

步進電機均有固定的(de)共振區(qu)域，二、四(si)相感應子式步(bu)(bu)進電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機的(de)共振區(qu)一般在180-250pps之間或在400pps左右(you)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機驅(qu)動(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓越(yue)高(gao)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流越(yue)大，負載越(yue)輕(qing)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機體積越(yue)小，則(ze)共振區(qu)向上偏(pian)移，反之亦然，為使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)矩大，不失步(bu)(bu)和(he)整個系統(tong)的(de)噪音降低，一般工作點均應偏(pian)移共振區(qu)較多。