2.1土壤(rang)地貌條(tiao)件(jian) 興(xing)安(an)蜜(mi)(mi)桔(jie)分布在興(xing)安(an)縣境(jing)內的河(he)谷平(ping)原、寬谷地、由河(he)流沖積(ji)構成的平(ping)坦地面以及丘(qiu)陵(ling)地帶(dai)等(deng)區域,這(zhe)些區域的成土母質(zhi)以紅土母質(zhi)、河(he)流沖積(ji)母質(zhi)為主(zhu),土壤(rang)質(zhi)地以壤(rang)土和中壤(rang)為主(zhu),土層(ceng)厚、土壤(rang)理化性狀好,有機質(zhi)含量高,PH值(zhi)5.5~6.5之間,土壤(rang)條(tiao)件(jian)非常適合發展興(xing)安(an)蜜(mi)(mi)桔(jie)生產。
2.2水(shui)文條件 興(xing)安(an)縣(xian)海拔較(jiao)高,森(sen)林植被率達(da)62.2%,境內水(shui)系發(fa)達(da),溪河(he)遍布,水(shui)量充沛,湘江(jiang)、漓(li)江(jiang)均發(fa)源(yuan)于(yu)此。保(bao)護區域范圍內水(shui)源(yuan)均未受工業污(wu)染,水(shui)質均符合國家有關標準(zhun),為興(xing)安(an)蜜桔的(de)生(sheng)長提供優質水(shui)源(yuan)。
2.3氣候條件 興(xing)安(an)蜜桔(jie)保護地域(yu)范(fan)(fan)圍(wei)(wei)地處(chu)中亞熱帶濕潤(run)季風氣候區(qu),雨(yu)熱資源豐(feng)富,雨(yu)熱同(tong)步特(te)點(dian)明顯。該范(fan)(fan)圍(wei)(wei)內氣溫適宜,年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)氣溫17.5℃,年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)無霜(shuang)期293d,年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)日(ri)照(zhao)1459.51h;雨(yu)量充沛,年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)降雨(yu)量1814.6mm,年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)空氣相對(dui)濕度79%。興(xing)安(an)蜜桔(jie)保護地域(yu)范(fan)(fan)圍(wei)(wei)所(suo)處(chu)的“湘桂走廊(lang)”,西北、東南兩向(xiang)分別有越城嶺(ling)山(shan)系、都龐嶺(ling)山(shan)系對(dui)來至(zhi)于北方的寒冷氣流(liu)和(he)南方的暖濕氣流(liu)均(jun)有一定阻隔作用(yong),特(te)別是(shi)在興(xing)安(an)蜜桔(jie)果實膨(peng)大(da)的秋冬季節(jie)形(xing)成了相對(dui)穩(wen)定的小氣候,同(tong)時該地域(yu)范(fan)(fan)圍(wei)(wei)所(suo)處(chu)緯度區(qu)域(yu)晝(zhou)夜溫差較大(da),有利(li)于興(xing)安(an)蜜桔(jie)生長及有機物質(zhi)積累,容(rong)易形(xing)成興(xing)安(an)蜜桔(jie)獨特(te)的品質(zhi)。
興安蜜(mi)桔農產品地(di)理(li)標(biao)志地(di)域保護(hu)(hu)(hu)范圍(wei)位于廣西壯族自治區興安縣所轄的溶(rong)江(jiang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、嚴關縝、興安鎮(zhen)(zhen)、湘漓鎮(zhen)(zhen)、界首鎮(zhen)(zhen)、漠川鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、崔家鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、白石鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、華江(jiang)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、高尚(shang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)等10個(ge)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang))共117個(ge)行政(zheng)村(社區)。保護(hu)(hu)(hu)范圍(wei)地(di)理(li)坐標(biao)為東經110°14′~110°56′之間(jian),北緯25°18′~26°55′。興安蜜(mi)桔保護(hu)(hu)(hu)面積6700hm,保護(hu)(hu)(hu)產量200000t。
4.1外觀感官特征(zheng) 興安(an)蜜(mi)桔(jie)果實大小(xiao)(xiao)均勻、適中,單果重25g~40g,果形扁圓,皮薄(bo),橙黃色有光澤,油泡(pao)小(xiao)(xiao)而(er)密,平(ping)生或微凹(ao)。
4.2內在品質指標 果肉汁多,風味濃,酸(suan)甜可口,香氣醇厚,種子1粒~2粒或(huo)無核。可食(shi)率≥75%;可溶性固形(xing)物含(han)量≥13%,總(zong)糖含(han)量≥10g/100g,總(zong)酸(suan)含(han)量≤0.6g/100g,維生素C含(han)量≥20mg/100g。
4.3安(an)全(quan)要求 興(xing)安(an)縣蜜桔安(an)全(quan)指標(biao)必(bi)須符合GB2762食(shi)品安(an)全(quan)國家(jia)標(biao)準(zhun)食(shi)品中污染物(wu)限量、GB2763食(shi)品安(an)全(quan)國家(jia)標(biao)準(zhun)食(shi)品中農藥最大殘(can)留(liu)限量等標(biao)準(zhun)的要求。
3.1產地(di)(di)選(xuan)擇 興(xing)安蜜桔選(xuan)擇在土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)疏松、土(tu)(tu)層深厚、通透性能好、保肥(fei)保水性能好的(de)沖積土(tu)(tu)、礫(li)石土(tu)(tu)、紅壤(rang)土(tu)(tu)等土(tu)(tu)種,土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)PH值在5.5~6.5之間(jian),背(bei)風向陽(yang)的(de)緩坡園地(di)(di)建園。
3.2品(pin)種(zhong)選(xuan)擇(ze) 興安蜜桔選(xuan)擇(ze)適宜當(dang)地種(zhong)植且在農(nong)業部門注(zhu)冊登記(ji)的(de)蜜桔品(pin)種(zhong),必(bi)須是無病健康(kang)的(de)種(zhong)苗。目前(qian)以(yi)南豐蜜桔優選(xuan)品(pin)種(zhong)為主(zhu)。
3.3生產過程中管理
3.3.1栽(zai)植(zhi)時間(jian) 興安蜜桔春(chun)季、秋冬(dong)季都可進行(xing)栽(zai)植(zhi),以春(chun)植(zhi)最好。春(chun)植(zhi):2月~4月;秋冬(dong)種植(zhi):10月~11月,霜凍之前栽(zai)植(zhi)。
3.3.2種植(zhi)密度 株行(xing)距為2.5m×4m或3m×4m,按667m2栽植(zhi)55株~66株,規(gui)模連片(pian)種植(zhi)為宜。
3.3土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)管(guan)理 3.3.1擴穴改土(tu)(tu) 宜在每年冬季(ji)或早春進行,旱地果園以樹(shu)(shu)冠大小為度,從樹(shu)(shu)冠外(wai)圍(wei)滴水(shui)線起向外(wai)開長1m~1.5m的溝,寬0.3m~0.4m,深0.4m~0.6m,水(shui)田深為0.1~0.2m為宜,并逐年向外(wai)擴展。回填時(shi)以綠肥(fei)(fei)(fei)、秸桿或腐熟(shu)的人畜糞肥(fei)(fei)(fei)、堆肥(fei)(fei)(fei)、餅肥(fei)(fei)(fei)等,表土(tu)(tu)放(fang)(fang)在最底層,粗肥(fei)(fei)(fei)放(fang)(fang)下部,精(jing)(jing)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)放(fang)(fang)中上部,精(jing)(jing)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)與土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)混合均(jun)勻,心土(tu)(tu)放(fang)(fang)在表層。
3.3.2行間套種作物(wu)或留草(cao)種植 選(xuan)擇淺根、矮(ai)桿的豆科(ke)作物(wu)和禾本(ben)科(ke)牧草(cao),適(shi)時修割覆蓋果盤。
3.3.3中(zhong)耕(geng)(geng)(geng)與培土 中(zhong)耕(geng)(geng)(geng)宜在(zai)春、夏季(ji)進(jin)行,每(mei)年(nian)中(zhong)耕(geng)(geng)(geng)1次~2次,保持土壤疏松,中(zhong)耕(geng)(geng)(geng)深度為8cm~15cm,坡嶺宜稍深,水田宜稍淺。雨季(ji)不宜中(zhong)耕(geng)(geng)(geng)。 培土宜在(zai)冬季(ji)或(huo)早春進(jin)行,可結合中(zhong)耕(geng)(geng)(geng)進(jin)行,主要將(jiang)箱溝土壤培到箱面,厚(hou)度5cm~8cm。
3.4施(shi)肥 3.4.1施(shi)肥原則 主施(shi)、多(duo)施(shi)有機肥,合理施(shi)無機肥,提(ti)倡葉(xie)片營養診(zhen)斷配方施(shi)肥。
3.4.2 施(shi)肥方(fang)法 采用環狀溝施(shi)、條(tiao)溝施(shi)、撒施(shi)等方(fang)法。在樹(shu)冠滴水(shui)線外挖環狀溝或(huo)條(tiao)溝,寬(kuan)20cm~25cm,深(shen)度20cm~40cm。東西、南(nan)北對稱輪換(huan)位置施(shi)肥,布設(she)有微噴或(huo)滴灌(guan)設(she)施(shi)的果(guo)園(yuan)宜進行(xing)液體肥追施(shi)。
3.4.3 葉面追肥 在不(bu)同(tong)的生長(chang)(chang)(chang)發育期(qi),選用不(bu)同(tong)種類(lei)的微(wei)量元素葉肥噴施。春梢(shao)生長(chang)(chang)(chang)期(qi)、花期(qi)、幼果生長(chang)(chang)(chang)期(qi)以噴施硼、鋅、鎂、鈣為(wei)主,其他時(shi)期(qi)缺(que)什么補(bu)什么。
3.5 整形修剪
3.5.1適宜的(de)樹形 自(zi)然圓頭形培育,在主(zhu)干高30cm~50cm,配(pei)(pei)置(zhi)3個(ge)(ge)~4個(ge)(ge)主(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),各(ge)(ge)主(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上配(pei)(pei)置(zhi)3個(ge)(ge)~5個(ge)(ge)副主(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),副主(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上配(pei)(pei)置(zhi)3個(ge)(ge)~5個(ge)(ge)側枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),側枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上配(pei)(pei)置(zhi)結果枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組,各(ge)(ge)級枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)留(liu)6張~8張葉片短(duan)截促(cu)其生(sheng)成下級枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),各(ge)(ge)級枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間距(ju)離為20cm~30cm,分(fen)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)角(jiao)度在30°左(zuo)右。
3.5.2修剪要點 幼樹期(qi)以輕(qing)剪為(wei)主,在(zai)各(ge)主枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、副主枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)留(liu)6葉~8葉進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)短(duan)截(jie),結(jie)合剪口芽方向調(diao)節各(ge)級(ji)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)生(sheng)長(chang)的(de)(de)(de)平衡(heng);對過(guo)密枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組(zu)適(shi)當疏(shu)刪外,內(nei)膛枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和樹冠(guan)中(zhong)(zhong)下部較弱的(de)(de)(de)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)梢(shao)(shao)均應保留(liu)。初結(jie)果(guo)(guo)期(qi),抹除(chu)(chu)夏(xia)(xia)梢(shao)(shao),繼(ji)續選擇和短(duan)截(jie)各(ge)級(ji)骨(gu)干(gan)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)延(yan)長(chang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),留(liu)6葉~8葉短(duan)截(jie),促發健壯(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)秋梢(shao)(shao)。抽生(sheng)較多秋梢(shao)(shao)營(ying)養枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)時,可采(cai)用疏(shu)除(chu)(chu)三(san)分(fen)(fen)之(zhi)(zhi)一衰弱枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)或疏(shu)除(chu)(chu)三(san)分(fen)(fen)之(zhi)(zhi)一長(chang)勢強壯(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)梢(shao)(shao),保留(liu)長(chang)勢中(zhong)(zhong)庸(yong)的(de)(de)(de)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)梢(shao)(shao)。秋季(ji)對旺長(chang)樹采(cai)用環割、斷根、控水等促花措施。盛果(guo)(guo)期(qi),及時剪除(chu)(chu)干(gan)枯枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、病蟲枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。對較擁擠的(de)(de)(de)骨(gu)干(gan)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)適(shi)當疏(shu)剪“開天(tian)窗”,將(jiang)陽(yang)光投射(she)樹冠(guan)內(nei)膛。株間(jian)或行(xing)(xing)間(jian)密閉的(de)(de)(de)采(cai)取(qu)隔株或隔行(xing)(xing)“間(jian)伐(fa)”措施,達到通風透(tou)光目的(de)(de)(de)。對當年抽生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)營(ying)養枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),通過(guo)短(duan)截(jie)其中(zhong)(zhong)部分(fen)(fen)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)梢(shao)(shao)調(diao)節翌年產量,防止大小年結(jie)果(guo)(guo)。衰老樹更新(xin),對無花、無葉枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組(zu),在(zai)重疏(shu)刪基(ji)礎上,對大部分(fen)(fen)或全(quan)部枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)梢(shao)(shao)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)回(hui)縮和短(duan)截(jie)處理,促發新(xin)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)梢(shao)(shao)。對處理后抽發的(de)(de)(de)夏(xia)(xia)梢(shao)(shao)、秋梢(shao)(shao)應采(cai)取(qu)短(duan)強、留(liu)中(zhong)(zhong)、去(qu)弱的(de)(de)(de)三(san)三(san)制處理。
3.6 花果(guo)管(guan)理 3.6.1葉面(mian)肥保果(guo) 在謝花后(hou)噴(pen)施九(jiu)二O+0.3-0.5%磷酸二氫鉀+0.15%硼肥,隔15d再噴(pen)一次(ci)。
3.6.2 控夏梢保(bao)果(guo)(guo) 在(zai)5月~7月噴400倍多效唑控或人工(gong)抹夏梢保(bao)果(guo)(guo);在(zai)5月上旬采用環割等措施進行(xing)保(bao)果(guo)(guo)。
3.6.3人(ren)工(gong)疏果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo) 幼(you)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)期嚴格疏除病蟲果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、小果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),畸形(xing)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),弱(ruo)枝(zhi)少留(liu)或不留(liu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),適宜的(de)掛(gua)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)量為3000kg/畝~4000kg/畝。
3.7病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi) 堅持以“農業防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、物(wu)理(li)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、生(sheng)物(wu)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu),化學防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)輔(fu)”原則(ze)。實(shi)行(xing)(xing)檢疫,培育無(wu)病(bing)(bing)苗(miao)(miao)木(mu)(mu)。加強(qiang)樹體管(guan)理(li),通過(guo)抽梢期(qi)(qi)、花(hua)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)期(qi)(qi)和(he)(he)采(cai)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)后的(de)修(xiu)剪,去(qu)除交叉枝、過(guo)密(mi)枝,適期(qi)(qi)放梢,使(shi)物(wu)候期(qi)(qi)整齊一致,提高植株(zhu)抗(kang)病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)能力。采(cai)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)后修(xiu)剪和(he)(he)清(qing)園(yuan)(yuan),把病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)枝、枯枝、葉(xie)(xie)、花(hua)、爛果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)集中進行(xing)(xing)無(wu)害(hai)化處理(li),減(jian)少傳染源。開花(hua)期(qi)(qi)和(he)(he)小果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)生(sheng)長期(qi)(qi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)誘(you)(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)燈和(he)(he)黃板等(deng)設備誘(you)(you)殺(sha)害(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong),利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)性信息素和(he)(he)夜(ye)間(jian)強(qiang)光照射的(de)方(fang)法(fa)干擾雌(ci)雄蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)間(jian)的(de)交配(pei)行(xing)(xing)為(wei)的(de)方(fang)法(fa)等(deng)進行(xing)(xing)物(wu)理(li)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。人工釋(shi)放平腹(fu)小蜂(feng)、捕食螨等(deng)天敵防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)等(deng)。化學防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)時,興安蜜(mi)桔(jie)病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)藥劑(ji)(ji)(ji)應符合(he)GB/T8321.10農藥合(he)理(li)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)準則(ze)的(de)要求(qiu),優先(xian)選(xuan)擇(ze)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)生(sheng)物(wu)農藥。興安蜜(mi)桔(jie)化學防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)主(zhu)(zhu)要病(bing)(bing)害(hai)有黃龍病(bing)(bing)、砂皮病(bing)(bing)、煤煙病(bing)(bing)、炭疽病(bing)(bing),主(zhu)(zhu)要蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)有紅(hong)蜘蛛、銹壁虱(shi)(shi)(shi)、潛(qian)葉(xie)(xie)蛾(e)、柑(gan)桔(jie)木(mu)(mu)虱(shi)(shi)(shi)。黃龍病(bing)(bing)的(de)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi):嚴格實(shi)施植物(wu)檢疫措施,所有新種(zhong)或(huo)者補種(zhong)的(de)柑(gan)橘果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)園(yuan)(yuan),都(dou)應種(zhong)植無(wu)病(bing)(bing)毒(du)苗(miao)(miao)木(mu)(mu)。防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)好(hao)柑(gan)桔(jie)木(mu)(mu)虱(shi)(shi)(shi),在(zai)秋冬期(qi)(qi)(采(cai)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)后)、春芽萌動期(qi)(qi)前各(ge)噴殺(sha)木(mu)(mu)虱(shi)(shi)(shi)一次(ci),各(ge)次(ci)梢期(qi)(qi)均以連(lian)噴2次(ci)藥劑(ji)(ji)(ji)為(wei)宜。及時清(qing)除發(fa)病(bing)(bing)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)園(yuan)(yuan)病(bing)(bing)株(zhu)。發(fa)病(bing)(bing)率超過(guo)20%的(de)新種(zhong)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)園(yuan)(yuan),鏟除全部植株(zhu)重(zhong)新種(zhong)植無(wu)病(bing)(bing)毒(du)苗(miao)(miao)。砂皮病(bing)(bing)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),可選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)氟啶胺、代鋅錳鋅、氟硅唑(zuo)(zuo)等(deng)藥劑(ji)(ji)(ji)按(an)(an)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)量(liang)配(pei)制施用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。煤煙病(bing)(bing)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),可選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)代森錳鋅、銅(tong)制劑(ji)(ji)(ji)、乙蒜素等(deng)藥劑(ji)(ji)(ji)按(an)(an)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)量(liang)配(pei)制施用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。炭疽病(bing)(bing)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),可選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)氟啶胺、抑霉(mei)唑(zuo)(zuo)等(deng)、三唑(zuo)(zuo)類農藥按(an)(an)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)量(liang)配(pei)制施用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。紅(hong)蜘蛛、銹壁虱(shi)(shi)(shi)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),可選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)阿(a)維菌素、螺螨脂(zhi)、虱(shi)(shi)(shi)螨脲(niao)、氟啶胺等(deng)藥劑(ji)(ji)(ji)按(an)(an)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)量(liang)配(pei)制施用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。柑(gan)桔(jie)木(mu)(mu)虱(shi)(shi)(shi)、潛(qian)葉(xie)(xie)蛾(e)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)可選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)吡(bi)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)啉、吡(bi)蚜酮、噻蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)嗪(qin)等(deng)藥劑(ji)(ji)(ji)按(an)(an)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)量(liang)配(pei)制施用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。
3.8采(cai)收(shou) 鮮銷果(guo)(guo)在果(guo)(guo)實正常(chang)成熟、果(guo)(guo)皮完全著色,呈現桔紅或橙紅色,口感香甜爽口時(shi)采(cai)收(shou)。采(cai)收(shou)時(shi)間應在上午10點前(qian),采(cai)用“一(yi)果(guo)(guo)兩剪(jian)”法(fa),第一(yi)剪(jian)離果(guo)(guo)蒂1cm~2cm處剪(jian)下,再齊果(guo)(guo)蒂剪(jian)平,采(cai)果(guo)(guo)過程中輕拿(na)輕放,避免果(guo)(guo)實受(shou)機(ji)械和二次損(sun)傷。采(cai)收(shou)后將果(guo)(guo)品按大小(xiao)、色澤等(deng)等(deng)級分選后裝箱(xiang),用塑料(liao)筐、泡沬箱(xiang)、紙質箱(xiang)等(deng)包(bao)裝,所有包(bao)裝材料(liao)均要求清潔、衛生、無(wu)毒、無(wu)異味(wei)、無(wu)毒害物質污染、無(wu)霉(mei)菌(jun)病菌(jun)。預冷(leng)處理8h~12h后運(yun)入(ru)市場銷售。
3.9生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)記錄(lu)(lu) 興安蜜桔生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)全(quan)過程,須(xu)建立生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)記錄(lu)(lu)檔案。包括記錄(lu)(lu)物候(hou)期(qi)、病(bing)蟲發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)情況、技術(shu)措施、農藥肥料使(shi)用情況,并妥(tuo)善保存2y以(yi)上。
5.1標(biao)志使(shi)(shi)用人(ren)條件(jian) 符合下(xia)列(lie)條件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)單位和個人(ren),可(ke)以向登記(ji)證書(shu)特有人(ren)申請使(shi)(shi)用興(xing)安蜜桔(jie)(jie)(jie)農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)地理(li)(li)標(biao)志:興(xing)安蜜桔(jie)(jie)(jie)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)區(qu)域在本登記(ji)確定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)地域范圍內(nei);取得登記(ji)農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)相關的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)經(jing)營資質(zhi);能夠(gou)嚴格按照規定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量(liang)技術規范組織開展生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)經(jing)營活(huo)動;具有地理(li)(li)標(biao)志農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)市場開發(fa)經(jing)營能力(li):使(shi)(shi)用興(xing)安蜜桔(jie)(jie)(jie)農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)地理(li)(li)標(biao)志,應當按照生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)經(jing)營年度與(yu)登記(ji)證書(shu)持有人(ren)簽訂興(xing)安蜜桔(jie)(jie)(jie)農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)地理(li)(li)標(biao)志使(shi)(shi)用協議,在協議中標(biao)明使(shi)(shi)用數量(liang)、范圍及(ji)相關的(de)(de)(de)責任(ren)義務。
5.2標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)使(shi)用人權利(li)(li) 農(nong)產(chan)品(pin)地(di)(di)理標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)使(shi)用人享有以下權利(li)(li):可以在產(chan)品(pin)及(ji)包(bao)裝上(shang)統一(yi)使(shi)用農(nong)產(chan)品(pin)地(di)(di)理標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(興安蜜桔(jie)和(he)公共標(biao)(biao)識圖(tu)案(an)組合(he)標(biao)(biao)注型等);可以使(shi)用興安蜜桔(jie)農(nong)產(chan)品(pin)地(di)(di)理標(biao)(biao)進行宣傳和(he)參加展(zhan)(zhan)覽(lan)、展(zhan)(zhan)示和(he)展(zhan)(zhan)銷。
5.3標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)使(shi)用(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)義務 興(xing)安(an)(an)蜜(mi)桔(jie)(jie)(jie)農產品(pin)(pin)地(di)理(li)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)使(shi)用(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)應當履行以(yi)下義務:自覺接受登(deng)記證(zheng)持(chi)有人(ren)(ren)(ren)的監督檢查;保證(zheng)興(xing)安(an)(an)蜜(mi)桔(jie)(jie)(jie)農產品(pin)(pin)地(di)理(li)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)的品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)和信譽(yu);正確規范使(shi)用(yong)興(xing)安(an)(an)蜜(mi)桔(jie)(jie)(jie)農產品(pin)(pin)地(di)理(li)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi);地(di)理(li)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)興(xing)安(an)(an)蜜(mi)桔(jie)(jie)(jie)的生產經營(ying)者,應當建立質(zhi)量控制追溯體系。興(xing)安(an)(an)蜜(mi)桔(jie)(jie)(jie)農產品(pin)(pin)地(di)理(li)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)持(chi)有人(ren)(ren)(ren)和標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)使(shi)用(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren),對地(di)理(li)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)興(xing)安(an)(an)蜜(mi)桔(jie)(jie)(jie)的質(zhi)量和信譽(yu)負責;任何單(dan)位和個(ge)人(ren)(ren)(ren)不得(de)偽(wei)造(zao)、冒(mao)用(yong)興(xing)安(an)(an)蜜(mi)桔(jie)(jie)(jie)地(di)理(li)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)和豋(deng)記證(zheng)書(shu);鼓勵單(dan)位和個(ge)人(ren)(ren)(ren)對興(xing)安(an)(an)蜜(mi)桔(jie)(jie)(jie)農產品(pin)(pin)地(di)理(li)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)進行社(she)會監督。