一.產品介紹
信都(dou)紅(hong)(hong)瓜(gua)(gua)子(zi)(亦稱八步紅(hong)(hong)瓜(gua)(gua)子(zi))于明末清(qing)初(chu)在賀(he)州(zhou)(原賀(he)縣)就有(you)種植,迄今栽培已(yi)有(you)四百(bai)多(duo)年(nian)歷史。據賀(he)州(zhou)市志記載:清(qing)乾隆二十(shi)六年(nian)(1761)就經梧州(zhou)、廣州(zhou)遠(yuan)銷東南(nan)(nan)亞和世界(jie)三十(shi)多(duo)個國(guo)家和地區(qu),為(wei)賀(he)州(zhou)傳(chuan)(chuan)統名(ming)優出口商(shang)品(pin)之(zhi)一。 信都(dou)紅(hong)(hong)瓜(gua)(gua)子(zi)素(su)以粒大肉厚,色(se)澤(ze)(ze)深(shen)紅(hong)(hong),清(qing)脆(cui)芳香(xiang)、皮薄、飽(bao)滿(man)而著(zhu)稱,富含蛋白(bai)質、脂肪(fang)及(ji)鈣、磷(lin)和多(duo)種維生(sheng)(sheng)素(su),含油率高達55%左右,營養極為(wei)豐富。經精選加工和包裝(zhuang),實為(wei)上乘饋(kui)贈送(song)禮之(zhi)傳(chuan)(chuan)統佳品(pin)。因其(qi)色(se)澤(ze)(ze)紅(hong)(hong)潤,鮮艷喜人(ren),含 “福(fu)星降臨”之(zhi)意(yi);因其(qi)籽多(duo),寓 “人(ren)丁興(xing)旺”之(zhi)言。在婚宴上與棗子(zi)一起招待(dai)賓客(ke),有(you)寓“早生(sheng)(sheng)貴子(zi)”之(zhi)意(yi),乃是(shi)對新(xin)人(ren)的(de)吉祥祝福(fu)。時下信都(dou)紅(hong)(hong)瓜(gua)(gua)子(zi)已(yi)成為(wei)人(ren)們(men)喜慶和節日的(de)送(song)禮佳品(pin),亦是(shi)南(nan)(nan)方家居常備(bei)的(de)待(dai)客(ke)食(shi)品(pin),深(shen)受廣大民眾(zhong)喜愛。 經多(duo)年(nian)發展,目前信都(dou)紅(hong)(hong)瓜(gua)(gua)子(zi)在八步區(qu)種植面積已(yi)近3萬畝(mu),年(nian)產約1600噸(2009年(nian)),種植面積最多(duo)的(de)年(nian)份達到(dao)68000畝(mu),產量(liang)3941噸。
二.自然(ran)生態環境和人文歷(li)史(shi)因素
(1)地(di)(di)(di)形土(tu)壤(rang)狀況:信(xin)(xin)都紅瓜(gua)子(zi)種植范圍內(nei)地(di)(di)(di)形,北高南(nan)低(di),大桂(gui)山山地(di)(di)(di)橫腰盤踞(ju)在(zai)區域東部(bu),分布(bu)成信(xin)(xin)都平原、八步盤地(di)(di)(di),土(tu)壤(rang)類(lei)型主(zhu)要有沙土(tu)、壤(rang)土(tu)等(deng)。肥沃的前(qian)作非瓜(gua)類(lei)的沙質(zhi)壤(rang)土(tu)或河流沖積物土(tu),pH值5-7,土(tu)壤(rang)耕層(ceng)深厚(hou),結構(gou)適宜,理化(hua)性(xing)狀好,排灌(guan)方便,土(tu)壤(rang)物質(zhi)條件非常有利于信(xin)(xin)都紅瓜(gua)子(zi)的生(sheng)長(chang),為信(xin)(xin)都紅瓜(gua)子(zi)獲得優良(liang)品質(zhi)奠定(ding)了良(liang)好基(ji)礎。
(2)水(shui)(shui)文(wen)情況:信都(dou)紅瓜子種(zhong)植(zhi)地域范圍(wei)內擁(yong)有水(shui)(shui)庫工程共58座(zuo),大型(xing)水(shui)(shui)庫1座(zuo),中型(xing)水(shui)(shui)庫1座(zuo),小型(xing)水(shui)(shui)庫56座(zuo),總庫容3.6億立方米(mi),且(qie)90%以上的水(shui)(shui)庫周邊(bian)森(sen)林(lin)覆蓋;有中型(xing)灌區(qu)1處(chu);一般中型(xing)灌區(qu)4處(chu);農田有效灌溉面積29.64萬畝。種(zhong)植(zhi)區(qu)域內水(shui)(shui)資(zi)源較豐(feng)富,水(shui)(shui)利溝、渠(qu)遍布各鄉鎮、村,排(pai)灌便利。信都(dou)紅瓜子種(zhong)植(zhi)區(qu)域范圍(wei)內水(shui)(shui)質屬清潔水(shui)(shui)平(ping),適宜種(zhong)植(zhi)優質信都(dou)紅瓜子農產品。
(3)氣(qi)候(hou)情況:信都(dou)紅(hong)瓜子(zi)種(zhong)植區域范圍屬熱帶、亞熱帶季風氣(qi)候(hou)區,溫潤多(duo)雨(yu),夏長(chang)冬短(duan),年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)溫度23℃,無霜(shuang)期(qi)320天以上,降(jiang)雨(yu)量1500~2000mm,年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)相對濕度30-75%。這(zhe)種(zhong)氣(qi)候(hou)條件非常適(shi)合信都(dou)瓜子(zi)生長(chang),有利于(yu)信都(dou)紅(hong)瓜子(zi)特殊品質(zhi)的(de)形成。
三.地域范圍
信都(dou)紅瓜子(zi)農產品(pin)地理標(biao)志地域(yu)范圍(wei)包括八(ba)步(bu)區的信都(dou)鎮、仁義鎮、鋪(pu)(pu)門(men)鎮、靈峰鎮、蓮(lian)塘鎮、黃洞鄉、大寧鎮、步(bu)頭(tou)鎮,北到八(ba)步(bu)區的大寧鎮,南(nan)至(zhi)(zhi)八(ba)步(bu)區的鋪(pu)(pu)門(men)鎮。地理坐標(biao)為(wei)東經111°12′至(zhi)(zhi)112°03′,北緯23°49′至(zhi)(zhi)24°48′。地域(yu)保護(hu)范圍(wei)的面(mian)積4000公頃,現種(zhong)植(zhi)面(mian)積1830公頃,年產量1592噸。
四.產品(pin)(pin)品(pin)(pin)質特性(xing)特征
(1)外在感官特征:籽(zi)粒(li)長橢圓形,長11—15mm,寬6—9mm;籽(zi)粒(li)表(biao)面(mian)光平,有(you)臘質(zhi),表(biao)皮深紅透(tou)亮、著(zhu)色均(jun)勻(yun);粒(li)大飽滿,皮薄仁厚,味道醇香,千粒(li)重140g,可食率53%;籽(zi)殼無開裂,無損蝕(shi),耐貯(zhu)存。
(2)內(nei)在(zai)品質(zhi)指標:信(xin)都(dou)紅(hong)瓜子(zi)富(fu)(fu)含(han)蛋白質(zhi)、不飽和(he)脂肪酸(suan)及鈣、鋅、硒和(he)多種維(wei)生素,營(ying)養極(ji)為(wei)豐富(fu)(fu),蛋白質(zhi)含(han)量≥36.4%、鈣含(han)量≥516mg/kg、鎂含(han)量≥263mg/kg、鋅含(han)量≥93.5mg/kg、硒含(han)量≥0.0160mg/kg、維(wei)生素E≥9.60mg/100g、維(wei)生素B1≥0.16mg/100g、不飽和(he)脂肪酸(suan)為(wei)30.41%~31.45%、水分含(han)量≤5%。
(3)安(an)(an)全要求:產品安(an)(an)全指(zhi)標須符合《無(wu)公害食品信都紅(hong)瓜子(zi)》(DB45/T157-2004)的衛生安(an)(an)全指(zhi)標要求。
五.特定生(sheng)產方式
信都紅瓜子(zi)生(sheng)產的總原(yuan)則(ze)是按標準化(hua)進行,實(shi)行專業(ye)(ye)化(hua)生(sheng)產、專業(ye)(ye)化(hua)監督、產業(ye)(ye)化(hua)模(mo)式、社會化(hua)服務。
(1)產(chan)地選擇(ze)與特(te)殊內容(rong)規定:信都紅瓜子最理想的種植基(ji)地選擇(ze)在(zai)亞熱帶(dai)海拔1000米以下(xia),肥沃的前作非瓜類的沙質壤土(tu)(tu)或河流沖(chong)積物土(tu)(tu),地勢稍高,排灌(guan)方便,陽光充足,土(tu)(tu)壤耕層深厚,結(jie)構適宜,理化(hua)性狀好(hao),PH值(zhi)5-7。產(chan)地環境質量必須符合《無公害食品西(xi)瓜產(chan)地環境條(tiao)件(jian)》(NY5110—2002)要(yao)求。
(2)品(pin)(pin)種選擇(ze)與特定要求:選擇(ze)通過提(ti)純復壯符合(he)信(xin)都紅瓜子(zi)(zi)品(pin)(pin)種特征特性、優質、豐產、抗性強、商品(pin)(pin)性好(hao)、無病蟲源的當(dang)地(di)信(xin)都紅瓜子(zi)(zi)品(pin)(pin)種,并(bing)剔除畸形、不飽(bao)滿、受病蟲傷(shang)害的種子(zi)(zi)。
(3)生(sheng)產過(guo)程管理(li):春(chun)季栽(zai)培(pei)要(yao)(yao)求氣溫(wen)穩定(ding)在(zai)(zai)(zai)15℃以(yi)上(shang),一般在(zai)(zai)(zai)清明開(kai)始播種,到(dao)谷雨前后結束;秋季栽(zai)培(pei)在(zai)(zai)(zai)7月上(shang)旬未(wei)至下(xia)旬初。在(zai)(zai)(zai)整(zheng)個生(sheng)產過(guo)程中,信都紅(hong)瓜(gua)子生(sheng)產技術按照(zhao)《無(wu)(wu)公害農產品信都紅(hong)瓜(gua)子生(sheng)產技術規程》(DB45/T158—2004)要(yao)(yao)求進行(xing)(xing)。病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)害防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi) 按照(zhao)“預防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)為(wei)主(zhu),綜(zong)合防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”植(zhi)保方(fang)針(zhen),堅(jian)持以(yi)“農業防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、物(wu)(wu)(wu)理(li)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)主(zhu)、化學(xue)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)輔”的(de)原(yuan)則(ze)。精選無(wu)(wu)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)、無(wu)(wu)畸形,飽滿的(de)種子作(zuo)種,嚴格實行(xing)(xing)輪(lun)作(zuo)制度,與非瓜(gua)類作(zuo)物(wu)(wu)(wu)輪(lun)作(zuo)一年(nian)以(yi)上(shang),選擇(ze)排(pai)水(shui)(shui)方(fang)便(bian),不易積水(shui)(shui)的(de)田塊作(zuo)瓜(gua)地(di),增施腐熟(shu)有機肥(fei),掌握中耕培(pei)土時(shi)間,適時(shi)于晴(qing)天進行(xing)(xing)。根據多(duo)年(nian)栽(zai)培(pei)經驗,在(zai)(zai)(zai)紅(hong)瓜(gua)子生(sheng)長期的(de)夏(xia)、秋季節風(feng)(feng)雨(尤是西風(feng)(feng)雨)對紅(hong)瓜(gua)子生(sheng)長影響最大(da),嚴重(zhong)時(shi)可顆粒無(wu)(wu)收,主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)原(yuan)因是下(xia)雨伴隨吹風(feng)(feng),葉片(pian)相互摩擦(ca),吹動(dong)瓜(gua)蔓(man)根系(xi)擺動(dong)出(chu)現(xian)傷口,病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)菌隨水(shui)(shui)擴(kuo)散侵入(ru)植(zhi)株體內(nei)而大(da)面(mian)積發生(sheng)炭疽病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)、枯(ku)(ku)萎病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)等病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)害,植(zhi)株葉片(pian)枯(ku)(ku)死、枝蔓(man)枯(ku)(ku)萎而整(zheng)株死亡。防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)措施,一般在(zai)(zai)(zai)雨后晴(qing)天及時(shi)噴施雙效靈、農機120、綠享2號等藥物(wu)(wu)(wu)加以(yi)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。紅(hong)瓜(gua)子除(chu)做好枯(ku)(ku)萎病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)、炭疽病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)同時(shi),還(huan)須(xu)做好病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)毒(du)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)、黃守瓜(gua)、蚜蟲(chong)(chong)、蟋(xi)蟀、小地(di)老虎等病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。
(4)產(chan)品收(shou)(shou)獲(huo)及(ji)產(chan)后管(guan)理的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)定:信都紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)瓜(gua)(gua)子(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)采收(shou)(shou)與(yu)干(gan)(gan)(gan)曬(shai)很(hen)重要,方(fang)法(fa)恰當(dang)(dang)與(yu)否,直(zhi)接影(ying)響紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)瓜(gua)(gua)子(zi)色(se)度(du)、飽滿度(du)和(he)商品價值。一(yi)(yi)般紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)瓜(gua)(gua)子(zi)分(fen)4-5次采收(shou)(shou),瓜(gua)(gua)柄(含連瓜(gua)(gua)處)干(gan)(gan)(gan)枯成(cheng)熟(shu)(shu),這(zhe)樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)瓜(gua)(gua)子(zi)才飽滿,瓜(gua)(gua)仁(ren)全(quan)部轉(zhuan)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)。瓜(gua)(gua)柄不干(gan)(gan)(gan)枯的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)瓜(gua)(gua),部分(fen)瓜(gua)(gua)仁(ren)多半(ban)為半(ban)身紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)、半(ban)身白的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不完全(quan)成(cheng)熟(shu)(shu)瓜(gua)(gua)子(zi)。因此,不論瓜(gua)(gua)大(da)小,瓜(gua)(gua)柄干(gan)(gan)(gan)枯為成(cheng)熟(shu)(shu)標(biao)志(zhi),需及(ji)時(shi)采收(shou)(shou),隔幾天采收(shou)(shou)一(yi)(yi)次,約4-5次采收(shou)(shou)完成(cheng),收(shou)(shou)瓜(gua)(gua)時(shi)要把(ba)帶(dai)病和(he)不成(cheng)熟(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)瓜(gua)(gua)果另裝(zhuang),另行無害化處理,不污染(ran)瓜(gua)(gua)地。收(shou)(shou)獲(huo)季節一(yi)(yi)般選晴好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)天氣(qi)摘瓜(gua)(gua),用(yong)手剖瓜(gua)(gua)掏出鮮紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)子(zi)仁(ren),然后及(ji)時(shi)將子(zi)仁(ren)上粘附的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)瓜(gua)(gua)肉和(he)瓜(gua)(gua)汁用(yong)水清洗干(gan)(gan)(gan)凈(jing),平(ping)(ping)攤于竹(zhu)制簸箕上或均(jun)勻(yun)撒(sa)在干(gan)(gan)(gan)凈(jing)平(ping)(ping)坦(tan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)曬(shai)地上涼曬(shai)。最(zui)(zui)好當(dang)(dang)天曬(shai)干(gan)(gan)(gan),收(shou)(shou)時(shi)不脫皮,否則瓜(gua)(gua)子(zi)未干(gan)(gan)(gan)脫皮易(yi)形成(cheng)退色(se)花斑(ban)影(ying)響商品價值;當(dang)(dang)天能曬(shai)干(gan)(gan)(gan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),外(wai)皮光亮,色(se)澤深紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)、顆粒飽滿的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)為上品。碰上陰(yin)雨(yu)天氣(qi)收(shou)(shou)回的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)瓜(gua)(gua)子(zi),最(zui)(zui)好放(fang)在寬闊的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)房間(jian)里或不遭雨(yu)淋的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地方(fang),用(yong)人工或機械(xie)風干(gan)(gan)(gan)。曬(shai)干(gan)(gan)(gan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)瓜(gua)(gua)子(zi)可用(yong)無毒、無污染(ran)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)非金屬容器(如(ru)缸、桶、塑料袋等)密(mi)封裝(zhuang)好,貯存(cun)于干(gan)(gan)(gan)燥、無蟲源、無鼠害的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)環境中保管(guan)。
(5)生(sheng)產記錄要求:農戶在生(sheng)產過程中(zhong),要建立信都紅(hong)瓜子生(sheng)產過程記錄檔案,做好農藥、肥(fei)料(liao)使(shi)用(yong)的(de)登記工作,記載投入(ru)品的(de)名稱、使(shi)用(yong)時間、使(shi)用(yong)目的(de)、使(shi)用(yong)方法(fa)和使(shi)用(yong)量。
六(liu).包(bao)裝標識(shi)相關規定
本規定地域范圍內(nei)的(de)信都(dou)紅瓜子農產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)生產(chan)(chan)經營(ying)者,在(zai)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)或(huo) 包裝上(shang)使用(yong)農產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)地理(li)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi),須向(xiang)八步區農業(ye)技術推廣中心提出申請,按(an)照相關要求規范生產(chan)(chan)和(he)(he)使用(yong)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi),統一(yi)采(cai)用(yong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)名稱和(he)(he)農產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)地理(li)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)公共標(biao)(biao)識相結合的(de)標(biao)(biao)識標(biao)(biao)注方法。