板栗(li)品(pin)種紅栗(li)1號是20世紀90年代初山東省果樹研(yan)究所(suo)雜交育成的,品(pin)種來源于紅栗(li)×泰(tai)安薄殼,1998年通過山東省農(nong)作物品(pin)種審定委員會審定。
1、植株特征
紅(hong)栗1號板栗樹(shu)冠圓(yuan)頭形(xing),枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)條(tiao)紅(hong)褐色(se),長(chang)(chang)(chang)46厘米(mi)(mi),粗(cu)0.7厘米(mi)(mi),節間長(chang)(chang)(chang)2.3厘米(mi)(mi),嫩梢紫紅(hong)色(se)。皮孔(kong)圓(yuan)至橢(tuo)圓(yuan)形(xing),白色(se)。混(hun)合芽橢(tuo)圓(yuan)形(xing),芽體紅(hong)褐色(se),離(li)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)著生。葉(xie)長(chang)(chang)(chang)橢(tuo)圓(yuan)形(xing),先端漸尖(jian),長(chang)(chang)(chang)21厘米(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)7.7厘米(mi)(mi)。葉(xie)面深綠色(se),幼(you)葉(xie)紅(hong)色(se),葉(xie)姿斜(xie)生平展,似泰安薄殼(ke)品(pin)種(zhong),質地較厚。葉(xie)柄陽(yang)面紅(hong)色(se),背面黃綠色(se)。雄花(hua)(hua)序斜(xie)生。樹(shu)勢健壯(zhuang),干(gan)性強,幼(you)樹(shu)期生長(chang)(chang)(chang)旺盛(sheng),新梢長(chang)(chang)(chang)而粗(cu)。盛(sheng)果(guo)(guo)(guo)期樹(shu)高(gao)4~5米(mi)(mi),干(gan)周70~75厘米(mi)(mi)。果(guo)(guo)(guo)前梢長(chang)(chang)(chang)而大芽數(shu)量多,所以能(neng)連年(nian)(nian)結果(guo)(guo)(guo)和豐產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)穩產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)。抽生強壯(zhuang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)多,形(xing)成(cheng)結果(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)多而粗(cu)壯(zhuang),基部芽能(neng)抽枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)結果(guo)(guo)(guo),適于短截修剪(jian)。雌花(hua)(hua)形(xing)成(cheng)容易,嫁接(jie)后二(er)年(nian)(nian)開花(hua)(hua)結果(guo)(guo)(guo),3~4年(nian)(nian)豐產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)。利用(yong)中幼(you)砧(zhen)高(gao)接(jie)后第(di)二(er)年(nian)(nian)株產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)8.6千(qian)(qian)克,三(san)年(nian)(nian)平均株產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)65千(qian)(qian)克,每公頃(qing)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)6500千(qian)(qian)克,最高(gao)株產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)11.9千(qian)(qian)克。利用(yong)當年(nian)(nian)嫁接(jie)苗(miao)定植建園(yuan),第(di)二(er)年(nian)(nian)即成(cheng)花(hua)(hua)結果(guo)(guo)(guo),平均株產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)0.35千(qian)(qian)克。
2、果實特點
總苞橢圓形,中(zhong)型(xing),單苞重(zhong)56克。苞皮外(wai)觀紅(hong)(hong)色(se),較薄,成熟時一字或十字型(xing)開裂。刺束長1.2厘(li)米,深(shen)紅(hong)(hong)色(se),稀而硬,粗而分枝角度大。出實率(lv)48%。每苞含堅(jian)果(guo)(guo)2.9個。堅(jian)果(guo)(guo)近圓形,有暗(an)褐色(se)條紋,大小整齊(qi)飽滿,光(guang)亮(liang)美(mei)觀,平均(jun)單果(guo)(guo)重(zhong)9.4克。果(guo)(guo)肉(rou)黃色(se),質地細糯、香(xiang)甜,含水54%,糖31%,淀粉51%,脂肪2.7%。堅(jian)果(guo)(guo)外(wai)皮紅(hong)(hong)褐色(se),有光(guang)澤(ze)。適應性強(qiang),屬炒(chao)食栗,耐(nai)貯藏。
在(zai)泰安4月(yue)上(shang)旬(xun)萌(meng)芽,6月(yue)上(shang)旬(xun)盛(sheng)花,9月(yue)中下(xia)旬(xun)成熟,11月(yue)上(shang)旬(xun)落葉,果(guo)實育期110天左(zuo)右,營養生(sheng)長期205天。該品(pin)種早實、豐產(chan)、優質(zhi)、抗逆性(xing)強(qiang)、適應性(xing)廣,在(zai)內陸和沿(yan)海丘(qiu)陵(ling)山區、河(he)灘平地栽(zai)培,生(sheng)長發(fa)育良好(hao),結(jie)果(guo)正(zheng)常。具有(you)幼葉、枝芽紅(hong)色(se),總苞(bao)深紅(hong)色(se)的特異性(xing)狀(zhuang),為我(wo)國首(shou)次通(tong)過人工雜(za)交培育成的優質(zhi)、高(gao)(gao)產(chan)、高(gao)(gao)效兼(jian)風景綠化(hua)紅(hong)色(se)品(pin)種。