蓮子,是睡(shui)蓮(lian)(lian)科水生草本植物蓮(lian)(lian)的種(zhong)子(zi)。又稱(cheng)蓮(lian)(lian)實(shi)、蓮(lian)(lian)米、蓮(lian)(lian)肉(rou),具有補脾止瀉,止帶,益腎澀精,養心安神之功效,常用于脾虛泄瀉,帶下,遺精,心悸失眠。蓮(lian)子以湘蓮(lian)為(wei)優,湘蓮(lian)歷(li)來作為(wei)進(jin)貢朝廷的珍(zhen)品,故又稱“貢蓮(lian)”。蓮(lian)子包括(kuo)紅蓮(lian)(lian)(lian)子(zi)、白(bai)(bai)(bai)蓮(lian)(lian)(lian)子(zi)、石(shi)蓮(lian)(lian)(lian)子(zi)三種(zhong)。石(shi)蓮(lian)(lian)(lian)子(zi)是指(zhi)成熟甚至陷于(yu)(yu)淤泥的蓮(lian)(lian)(lian)蓬(peng)剝下(xia)來(lai)或(huo)自然(ran)掉(diao)下(xia)來(lai)的帶黑(hei)色外(wai)種(zhong)皮(pi)的蓮(lian)(lian)(lian)子(zi)。紅蓮(lian)(lian)(lian)子(zi)是指(zhi)除去外(wai)種(zhong)皮(pi)的蓮(lian)(lian)(lian)子(zi),一(yi)般(ban)分(fen)為去芯(xin)和不去芯(xin)兩種(zhong),白(bai)(bai)(bai)蓮(lian)(lian)(lian)子(zi)是指(zhi)去掉(diao)內(nei)種(zhong)皮(pi)的蓮(lian)(lian)(lian)子(zi),也分(fen)去芯(xin)不去芯(xin)兩種(zhong)。幾種(zhong)蓮(lian)(lian)(lian)子(zi)功(gong)效基本相(xiang)同但使用(yong)上略有(you)區別:紅蓮(lian)(lian)(lian)子(zi)帶紅色外(wai)皮(pi),一(yi)般(ban)用(yong)于(yu)(yu)養心安神的比較多(duo),白(bai)(bai)(bai)蓮(lian)(lian)(lian)子(zi)色白(bai)(bai)(bai),一(yi)般(ban)用(yong)于(yu)(yu)潤(run)肺健(jian)脾的多(duo)。
蓮(lian)(lian)子(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)質(zhi)量以湘(xiang)蓮(lian)(lian)品質(zhi)最好(hao)。其皮(pi)色(se)淡紅(hong),皮(pi)紋細致(zhi),粒(li)大飽滿,生吃微(wei)甜,一煮就酥,食之軟糯清香(xiang)。紅(hong)蓮(lian)(lian)質(zhi)量較差,其粒(li)形瘦長,皮(pi)色(se)暗花,臍部下陷(xian),中(zhong)心空間(jian)較大,生吃味淡,久煮不酥。有的(de)(de)蓮(lian)(lian)子(zi)(zi)看起來(lai)又(you)白(bai)又(you)干凈,實際這種蓮(lian)(lian)子(zi)(zi)很(hen)有可(ke)能使用(yong)了對人體有害(hai)的(de)(de)化學漂白(bai)劑,而(er)且這些物質(zhi)會對肝(gan)臟造成傷害(hai),引起重金(jin)屬中(zhong)毒(du)。真(zhen)正優質(zhi)的(de)(de)蓮(lian)(lian)子(zi)(zi),去皮(pi)后外(wai)表仍會有一點(dian)皺皮(pi)或未處理(li)干凈的(de)紅皮,劣質(zhi)的(de)則(ze)在(zai)刀口處有(you)突起。蓮(lian)(lian)子(zi)經水蒸(zheng)會發生(sheng)膨(peng)脹,散發出一種清香,而添(tian)加了化學制(zhi)劑的(de)蓮(lian)(lian)子(zi)幾乎不膨(peng)脹,還會有(you)一種堿味。