上海(hai)城隍廟(miao)坐落于上海(hai)老(lao)城廂最為繁華(hua)的(de)黃浦區豫(yu)園旅游區,是上海(hai)地區著(zhu)名的(de)道教宮觀,始建于明代(dai)永樂年間(1403-1424),距今(jin)已有六百余年的(de)歷史。由于上(shang)海(hai)城隍尊神(shen)在(zai)本地(di)區(qu)的(de)特殊地(di)位,在(zai)六(liu)百(bai)年的(de)發展歷程中,上(shang)海(hai)城隍廟(miao)道觀的(de)建設和發展得到了明、清歷任地(di)方縣府的(de)重(zhong)視和上(shang)海(hai)地(di)區(qu)百(bai)姓的(de)熱心支(zhi)持。
從明代(dai)永(yong)樂年間到(dao)清代(dai)道(dao)光年間(1821-1850)上(shang)海城隍廟(miao)的(de)廟(miao)基不斷(duan)(duan)擴(kuo)大(da),宮(gong)觀建筑不斷(duan)(duan)增加(jia),最為繁(fan)盛時(shi)期,總面積達到(dao)49.9畝(mu)土(tu)地,約三萬三千(qian)多平方米。作為上(shang)海地區重要的(de)道(dao)教宮(gong)觀,1995年,隨著宗教信仰自由政(zheng)策的(de)逐步落實,上(shang)海城隍廟(miao)得到(dao)恢復(fu),重新成為由正一派道(dao)士管理(li)的(de)道(dao)教宮(gong)觀,完成了一期修復(fu)工(gong)程。
2006年,在市、區政府的關心下,在上海市豫園商城股份有限公司的支持下,上海城隍廟大殿前廂房的使用權得以歸還,完成了二期修復工程。2015 年,上海(hai)城隍廟前庭兩側(ce)廂房使用權收回,廟觀(guan)進行(xing)了新(xin)一(yi)輪的修繕,廟觀(guan)布局基本完整,為完善功能,服務社會提供了更廣闊的活動平臺。如今的上海(hai)城隍廟,包括霍(huo)光殿(dian)(dian)(dian)、元辰殿(dian)(dian)(dian)、財神殿(dian)(dian)(dian)、慈航(hang)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)、三官殿(dian)(dian)(dian)、月老殿(dian)(dian)(dian)、城隍殿(dian)(dian)(dian)、娘娘殿(dian)(dian)(dian)、父母殿(dian)(dian)(dian)、關圣殿(dian)(dian)(dian)、文昌殿(dian)(dian)(dian)、祖師殿(dian)(dian)(dian)十(shi)二個殿(dian)(dian)(dian)堂,總(zong)面積約三千余平方米。
上海城隍廟殿堂建筑屬南方大式(shi)建筑,紅墻泥瓦,廟內(nei)主體建筑由廟前廣場(chang)、大殿、元辰殿,財(cai)神殿、慈航(hang)殿、城隍殿、娘娘殿等組(zu)成。
儀門(men)(men)是(shi)過(guo)去(qu)官衙(ya)的(de)第二道正門(men)(men)。儀門(men)(men)前面有二副(fu)(fu)對(dui)(dui)(dui)聯(lian)。一(yi)副(fu)(fu)對(dui)(dui)(dui)聯(lian)的(de)上聯(lian)是(shi):陽(yang)世(shi)之(zhi)間(jian)積善作惡皆由你(ni);下聯(lian)是(shi):陰曹地府(fu)古往今來放(fang)過(guo)誰。這(zhe)副(fu)(fu)對(dui)(dui)(dui)聯(lian)的(de)意思(si)就是(shi),在陽(yang)世(shi),你(ni)生活(huo)中,做(zuo)好事(shi)或者做(zuo)壞(huai)事(shi),都是(shi)由你(ni)自(zi)己決定的(de)。可(ke)是(shi)人(ren)(ren)死后到(dao)了陰間(jian),地獄(yu)的(de)官府(fu)從古到(dao)今,從來不會放(fang)過(guo)要懲罰的(de)壞(huai)人(ren)(ren)。另一(yi)副(fu)(fu)對(dui)(dui)(dui)聯(lian)的(de)上聯(lian)是(shi):世(shi)事(shi)何須多計較;下聯(lian)是(shi):神(shen)界(jie)自(zi)有大乘除。這(zhe)副(fu)(fu)對(dui)(dui)(dui)聯(lian)的(de)意思(si)就是(shi),人(ren)(ren)生在世(shi),碰到(dao)各種吃(chi)虧或沾(zhan)便(bian)宜的(de)事(shi)情(qing),你(ni)不必多加(jia)計較。因(yin)為,神(shen)靈對(dui)(dui)(dui)于人(ren)(ren)的(de)善良和(he)罪(zui)惡都會加(jia)以回報或清算的(de)。
在對聯的(de)(de)后面掛著一只(zhi)(zhi)很大(da)的(de)(de)算(suan)(suan)盤,算(suan)(suan)盤上(shang)刻著四個字“不(bu)由人(ren)算(suan)(suan)”,算(suan)(suan)盤上(shang)的(de)(de)算(suan)(suan)珠有上(shang)有下,象征神(shen)(shen)界(jie)正(zheng)在進(jin)行“大(da)乘(cheng)除”。算(suan)(suan)盤的(de)(de)旁(pang)邊立(li)了二塊巨額。巨額上(shang)寫的(de)(de)是(shi):為善者昌,為惡者亡(wang)(wang)。意思是(shi):做(zuo)好事的(de)(de)人(ren),在神(shen)(shen)界(jie)計(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)中(zhong)(zhong)一定會興(xing)旺(wang)發(fa)達;做(zuo)壞事的(de)(de)人(ren),在神(shen)(shen)界(jie)計(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)中(zhong)(zhong)一定會衰敗(bai)滅亡(wang)(wang)。城(cheng)隍廟(miao)掛大(da)算(suan)(suan)盤是(shi)有深(shen)刻含義的(de)(de)。它一方面告訴信眾(zhong),做(zuo)人(ren)要淡泊名(ming)利(li),不(bu)要自私(si)自利(li),不(bu)要斤斤計(ji)(ji)(ji)較。因為,人(ren)有算(suan)(suan)計(ji)(ji)(ji),天(tian)有算(suan)(suan)計(ji)(ji)(ji),人(ren)算(suan)(suan)總不(bu)如天(tian)算(suan)(suan)。過(guo)分(fen)計(ji)(ji)(ji)較的(de)(de)結果會自食其果。另一方面又是(shi)告示天(tian)下,天(tian)算(suan)(suan)就是(shi)天(tian)道(dao),天(tian)道(dao)自有規(gui)律(lv),任何人(ren)只(zhi)(zhi)有循天(tian)道(dao)而(er)行才有善終,逆天(tian)道(dao)而(er)行必(bi)然自取滅亡(wang)(wang)。
大殿正(zheng)門上懸“城隍廟”匾額,并(bing)配以對(dui)聯“做個好(hao)人心正(zheng)身(shen)安魂夢(meng)穩,行些善事(shi)天知地(di)鑒鬼神欽”。
大(da)殿(dian)內供奉(feng)金山(shan)神(shen)主漢代博(bo)陸侯霍光大(da)將軍坐像,左首為文判官(guan),右首為武判官(guan),次為日(ri)巡與夜(ye)查(cha),日(ri)巡、夜(ye)查(cha)以下為八(ba)皂隸。
第一(yi)對(dui)立柱懸(xuan)有對(dui)聯“威靈(ling)顯赫護國安邦(bang)扶(fu)社稷,圣道高明降施甘露救生民”以贊揚城隍神(shen)的(de)功績,上懸(xuan)匾額“牧化黎民”。
第二對立柱上懸“刻薄成家難免子孫(sun)浪(lang)費,奸淫造孽焉能(neng)妻女清貞”的(de)(de)對聯(lian)以警示(shi)世人。城(cheng)隍廟大殿在明代永樂年間已(yi)經存在,當時的(de)(de)上海知縣張(zhang)守約將供奉金山(shan)(shan)神主(zhu)霍光的(de)(de)金山(shan)(shan)行(xing)祠改建為(wei)上海城(cheng)隍廟大殿,殿內依(yi)舊(jiu)供奉金山(shan)(shan)神主(zhu)霍光。
1924年為(wei)火所焚(fen),1926年開(kai)始重建(jian),1927年完工,大(da)殿即是重建(jian)于1926年的城隍廟(miao)大(da)殿,為(wei)全(quan)部鋼筋(jin)水泥結構仿(fang)古大(da)殿。
元辰殿:又稱六十甲子殿。元,為“善”,元辰,就是指吉(ji)利時日的意思。
元辰(chen)神(shen)靈(ling)是中國(guo)的年歲神(shen)靈(ling),與(yu)每一位中國(guo)人的年運有關。
中(zhong)國古代子(zi)以(yi)天干地支循(xun)環相配(pei)由甲(jia)子(zi)起至(zhi)癸(gui)亥結束,以(yi)六(liu)十為一周,故也稱(cheng)(cheng)六(liu)十甲(jia)子(zi),后道教以(yi)六(liu)十甲(jia)子(zi)配(pei)以(yi)神(shen)(shen)名,從而形(xing)成(cheng)了道教元辰(chen)信仰。因六(liu)十甲(jia)子(zi)神(shen)(shen)靈是星(xing)神(shen)(shen),故也稱(cheng)(cheng)太歲(sui)神(shen)(shen)。
在民(min)間,指人們把某(mou)年(nian)在六十元辰中所對應的(de)太(tai)歲(sui)神稱(cheng)為當年(nian)的(de)值(zhi)年(nian)太(tai)歲(sui),本(ben)人出生之年(nian)的(de)所對應的(de)太(tai)歲(sui)神稱(cheng)為本(ben)命太(tai)歲(sui)。信(xin)徒禮拜本(ben)命太(tai)歲(sui),祈求年(nian)年(nian)平安,吉祥如(ru)意的(de)儀(yi)式(shi),就稱(cheng)為順(shun)星(xing)。
慈(ci)航殿:慈(ci)航殿內(nei)供奉慈(ci)航真人(主平(ping)安(an)),又稱慈(ci)航仙姑真人、也稱慈(ci)航大士、圓通自在天(tian)尊,本(ben)是道教女真神仙 農歷六(liu)月十(shi)八(ba)生日(ri)。法寶為(wei)三寶玉如意、清凈(jing)琉(liu)璃(li)瓶。
慈航大士垂慈施德(de),普濟世(shi)間苦難之人;左邊為眼光娘(niang)(niang)(niang)娘(niang)(niang)(niang)(主治(zhi)眼疾),又稱眼光圣母(mu)惠(hui)照(zhao)明(ming)目(mu)元君(jun),傳(chuan)說眼光娘(niang)(niang)(niang)娘(niang)(niang)(niang)能治(zhi)療各種疾病(bing),保佑人們眼明(ming)心亮、身(shen)體(ti)健康。
農歷(li)三(san)月(yue)初六與四月(yue)廿日(ri)都是眼光(guang)娘娘誕辰。右邊(bian)為天(tian)后娘娘媽祖(主(zhu)出海(hai)平(ping)安(an)),又(you)稱輔兜昭孝純正靈應孚濟護(hu)(hu)國庇民妙靈昭應弘仁(ren)普濟天(tian)妃,司掌海(hai)上安(an)全、商業興隆、平(ping)安(an)守(shou)護(hu)(hu)、消(xiao)災避(bi)難。
財神(shen)殿:財神(shen)殿內(nei)供(gong)奉財神(shen)、招(zhao)財仙(xian)官、進(jin)寶(bao)仙(xian)官、利市仙(xian)官、納(na)珍(zhen)仙(xian)官。趙公明,本名(ming)朗,字公明,又稱趙玄(xuan)壇,趙公元(yuan)(yuan)帥(shuai)。“玄(xuan)壇”是指道教的齋壇,也(ye)有護法之(zhi)意,為道教四(si)大元(yuan)(yuan)帥(shuai)之(zhi)一(yi)。同時為雷部將帥(shuai)和五方瘟神(shen)之(zhi)一(yi)。又相傳為正(zheng)財神(shen),司掌(zhang)世間財源。多為黑(hei)面濃須,騎黑(hei)虎(hu),一(yi)手(shou)執銀(yin)鞭,一(yi)手(shou)持(chi)元(yuan)(yuan)寶(bao),全副戎裝。統帥(shuai)招(zhao)財仙(xian)官陳九公、進(jin)寶(bao)仙(xian)官蕭升、利市仙(xian)官姚少司和納(na)珍(zhen)仙(xian)官曹(cao)寶(bao),專司迎祥納(na)福、商賈買賣。
城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)殿(dian)(dian)(dian):城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)廟內(nei)(nei)最后一進殿(dian)(dian)(dian)為城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)兩側懸有對聯(lian)以贊揚城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)神公(gong)正無私“禍福分明此地難通線索(suo),善惡立(li)判(pan)須知天道(dao)無私”,上懸匾額“威靈顯(xian)赫”。殿(dian)(dian)(dian)內(nei)(nei)另有一副(fu)贊神對聯(lian)“天道(dao)無私做善降祥預知吉兇禍福,神明有應修(xiu)功(gong)解厄分辨邪正忠奸”橫批(pi)“燮理陰(yin)陽”。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)中央供奉(feng)上海縣城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)神紅臉木雕像(xiang),正襟危坐。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)內(nei)(nei)仿照明代縣衙公(gong)堂陳設,儀仗(zhang)森嚴。
娘(niang)娘(niang)殿:城(cheng)隍(huang)殿西面(mian)為娘(niang)娘(niang)殿,供(gong)奉上(shang)海縣城(cheng)隍(huang)神夫人(ren)儲(chu)氏(shi)。城(cheng)隍(huang)夫人(ren)儲(chu)氏(shi),周浦(pu)(pu)一(yi)帶的望族之女。當時,周浦(pu)(pu)儲(chu)姓(xing)家(jia)族頗(po)具聲望,祖輩是宋(song)代詞人(ren)儲(chu)泳(約1101~1165,字文卿,號華谷(gu)),隨宋(song)室(shi)南遷而隱居在周浦(pu)(pu)一(yi)帶。
父(fu)母(mu)殿(dian):城隍(huang)殿(dian)東首為(wei)(wei)父(fu)母(mu)殿(dian),殿(dian)內供(gong)奉上(shang)海縣城隍(huang)神(shen)父(fu)母(mu)。城隍(huang)父(fu)秦(qin)良(liang)顥(1278~1355),字信甫(fu),號述(shu)齋。師從蕭氏,搜集蒙(meng)古文(wen)史(shi)傳(chuan)故事及時(shi)務功(gong)要者三百余條(tiao),編(bian)(bian)譯成(cheng)漢(han)文(wen)的(de)(de)知(zhi)識大(da)全《纂通》;又掇拾(shi)師言,兼采別說,輯成(cheng)《一(yi)貫》,并取蒙(meng)古及維吾(wu)爾問答之(zhi)言,編(bian)(bian)成(cheng)《吹萬集》。他(ta)是(shi)(shi)極為(wei)(wei)難得(de)的(de)(de)漢(han)人(ren)出(chu)身的(de)(de)蒙(meng)古文(wen)專家。當時(shi),漢(han)人(ren)學蒙(meng)古文(wen)者無出(chu)其右,因(yin)此(ci)他(ta)年紀輕輕就出(chu)任國子(zi)(zi)監學錄,而他(ta)“淡然(ran)無求進意(yi),隱居(ju)教授,戶外之(zhi)屨至,無所容達。官大(da)人(ren)至者,莫不晉謁,與(yu)之(zhi)語,動中肯綮,而適于(yu)(yu)事情未嘗 不為(wei)(wei)之(zhi)嘆服也(ye)”,“其平時(shi)一(yi)言一(yi)動,無不揆乎道(dao)義,人(ren)皆(jie)稱篤行君子(zi)(zi)焉(yan)”。大(da)德年間(1297~1307),秦(qin)良(liang)顥經翰林寇(kou)學士(shi)推薦,進萬言策,由(you)國子(zi)(zi)監學錄提(ti)升為(wei)(wei)浙西(xi)榷(que)鹺(cuo)使。于(yu)(yu)是(shi)(shi),秦(qin)良(liang)顥舉家南下返回上(shang)海地區。
文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)昌(chang)殿內供奉(feng)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)昌(chang)帝(di)(di)君(jun)(jun)。文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)昌(chang)帝(di)(di)君(jun)(jun)又稱梓潼帝(di)(di)君(jun)(jun)、文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)曲(qu)星(xing)(xing)(xing)、文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)星(xing)(xing)(xing),為(wei)(wei)主宰(zai)功名(ming)、祿(lu)位之神。是(shi)中國(guo)民間和道教(jiao)(jiao)尊奉(feng)的掌(zhang)管士人(ren)功名(ming)祿(lu)位之神。文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)昌(chang)本星(xing)(xing)(xing)名(ming),亦稱文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)昌(chang)星(xing)(xing)(xing),或文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)星(xing)(xing)(xing),古(gu)時認為(wei)(wei)是(shi)主持文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)運(yun)功名(ming)的星(xing)(xing)(xing)宿(su)。其(qi)(qi)成為(wei)(wei)中國(guo)民間和道教(jiao)(jiao)所信奉(feng)的文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)昌(chang)帝(di)(di)君(jun)(jun),與(yu)梓潼神張(zhang)亞子(zi)(zi)有關。東(dong)晉(jin)寧康二(er)年(374),蜀人(ren)張(zhang)育(yu)自稱蜀王,起義抗擊前秦苻堅,英(ying)勇戰(zhan)死,人(ren)們在梓潼郡七曲(qu)山(shan)為(wei)(wei)之建張(zhang)育(yu)祠(ci),并(bing)尊奉(feng)他為(wei)(wei)雷澤龍神。其(qi)(qi)時七曲(qu)山(shan)另有梓潼神亞子(zi)(zi)祠(ci),因兩祠(ci)相鄰,后人(ren)將兩祠(ci)神名(ming)合稱張(zhang)亞子(zi)(zi),并(bing)稱張(zhang)亞子(zi)(zi)仕晉(jin)戰(zhan)歿。實為(wei)(wei)《晉(jin)書》所載張(zhang)育(yu)之事(shi)。左右(you)二(er)童(tong)子(zi)(zi)稱天聾、地啞,是(shi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)昌(chang)帝(di)(di)君(jun)(jun)的兩個侍(shi)童(tong),一(yi)個掌(zhang)管文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)人(ren)錄(lu)運(yun)薄冊,一(yi)個手(shou)持文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)昌(chang)大印(yin)。意思是(shi):能(neng)知者(zhe)不(bu)能(neng)言,能(neng)言者(zhe)不(bu)能(neng)知。文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)昌(chang)帝(di)(di)君(jun)(jun)掌(zhang)管文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)章科(ke)舉,關系富貴貧(pin)賤,保密問題(ti)很重要,以免(mian)天機泄漏。
關(guan)圣(sheng)殿內供(gong)關(guan)圣(sheng)帝君(jun),左右供(gong)周倉(cang)、關(guan)平二位將軍。
城(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)神,是(shi)城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)的(de)保護(hu)神,“城(cheng)(cheng)”,就是(shi)城(cheng)(cheng)池;“隍(huang)”是(shi)干涸的(de)護(hu)城(cheng)(cheng)河,“城(cheng)(cheng)”和“隍(huang)”都是(shi)保護(hu)城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)安(an)全的(de)軍事設施。
城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)廟里供奉(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)神(shen)(shen),多數在(zai)歷史上(shang)(shang)確有(you)其(qi)(qi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。能夠(gou)成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)神(shen)(shen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)基(ji)本(ben)(ben)分為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)這(zhe)(zhe)樣幾類:第一(yi)類是(shi)一(yi)些(xie)有(you)政績的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)方官(guan),在(zai)去世之(zhi)(zhi)后(hou),本(ben)(ben)地(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)百(bai)姓(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)了表彰(zhang)他(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功績,供奉(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)本(ben)(ben)地(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)神(shen)(shen),并且希(xi)望他(ta)(ta)在(zai)天(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)靈依就能夠(gou)保佑本(ben)(ben)地(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)百(bai)姓(xing)。如(ru)上(shang)(shang)海奉(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)賢(xian)縣城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)神(shen)(shen)周(zhou)中鋐,是(shi)清代松江知府(fu),生(sheng)(sheng)前為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)官(guan)清廉,最(zui)后(hou)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)治理地(di)(di)方水患以(yi)身殉(xun)職,奉(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)賢(xian)縣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)百(bai)姓(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)了紀(ji)念(nian)(nian)他(ta)(ta),供奉(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)他(ta)(ta)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)奉(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)賢(xian)縣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)神(shen)(shen);第二類是(shi)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功臣,其(qi)(qi)生(sheng)(sheng)前曾經拯救(jiu)了國(guo)家(jia)(jia)和百(bai)姓(xing),人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)們為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)了表示感激(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)情,將他(ta)(ta)供奉(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)神(shen)(shen),這(zhe)(zhe)類城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)神(shen)(shen)中有(you)普通(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)百(bai)姓(xing),也有(you)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功臣,如(ru)浙江義烏縣城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)項(xiang)顯佑,生(sheng)(sheng)前幫助朱元璋(zhang)統一(yi)天(tian)下,1367年(nian)(nian),江浙一(yi)帶大旱,項(xiang)顯佑散家(jia)(jia)財賑濟百(bai)姓(xing),救(jiu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)無數,義烏百(bai)姓(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)了紀(ji)念(nian)(nian)他(ta)(ta),就供奉(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)他(ta)(ta)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)義烏縣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)神(shen)(shen);第三(san)類是(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)前正(zheng)直的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),如(ru)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)官(guan)清廉,為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)正(zheng)直等,去世以(yi)后(hou),人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)們認為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)他(ta)(ta)在(zai)冥(ming)(ming)界(jie)一(yi)樣能夠(gou)保持其(qi)(qi)正(zheng)直的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)品德,保護本(ben)(ben)地(di)(di)百(bai)姓(xing),將他(ta)(ta)供奉(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)神(shen)(shen)。如(ru)北(bei)京(jing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)楊(yang)淑(shu)山,明代嘉靖(jing)年(nian)(nian)間進士,官(guan)至(zhi)兵部員外郎,以(yi)剛正(zheng)不阿而著名(ming)。因彈(dan)劾嚴嵩的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)十大罪(zui)狀而被捕入獄,后(hou)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)嚴嵩所害。北(bei)京(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)百(bai)姓(xing)就將他(ta)(ta)供奉(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)自(zi)己的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)神(shen)(shen);第四類是(shi)行善(shan)(shan)(shan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)死后(hou)成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)神(shen)(shen),這(zhe)(zhe)些(xie)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)通(tong)常在(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)前為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)本(ben)(ben)地(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)百(bai)姓(xing)做(zuo)了很多的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)好事,人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)們為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)了紀(ji)念(nian)(nian)他(ta)(ta),同時希(xi)望他(ta)(ta)在(zai)冥(ming)(ming)界(jie)也能夠(gou)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)老百(bai)姓(xing)做(zuo)好事,就將他(ta)(ta)供奉(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)神(shen)(shen)。如(ru)烏魯木(mu)(mu)齊(qi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)神(shen)(shen)是(shi)陜西人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)紀(ji)永寧,相(xiang)傳嘉靖(jing)三(san)十一(yi)年(nian)(nian)地(di)(di)震,曾捐資埋葬(zang)死者(zhe)四十余(yu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),多行善(shan)(shan)(shan)事,上(shang)(shang)天(tian)以(yi)其(qi)(qi)一(yi)心行善(shan)(shan)(shan),封其(qi)(qi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)烏魯木(mu)(mu)齊(qi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)之(zhi)(zhi)神(shen)(shen)。可見,城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)神(shen)(shen)作為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市保護神(shen)(shen),老百(bai)姓(xing)希(xi)望能夠(gou)得到(dao)他(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)保護,所以(yi),城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)神(shen)(shen)都是(shi)由一(yi)些(xie)公(gong)忠正(zheng)直的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)擔任。
城隍神的職能(neng):保(bao)(bao)城護民,懲(cheng)惡(e)(e)揚善,監察萬民,祛除災厄(e)(e)。《太上(shang)老(lao)君說城隍感應消災集福(fu)妙(miao)經》中說城隍神:“公忠正直,有求必(bi)應,如影(ying)隨形,代天理物(wu),剪惡(e)(e)除兇,護國保(bao)(bao)邦,功施社稷,溥(pu)降(jiang)甘澤(ze),普救生民”,“哀憫(min)世間(jian)一切眾(zhong)生,或(huo)有年災月厄(e)(e),命運騫滯……,吾當速(su)譴行瘟(wen)使(shi)者,收瘟(wen)圣眾(zhong),即除罪簿,永(yong)滅惡(e)(e)根(gen)。”“世間(jian)若有善男(nan)子,善女(nv)人,廣積陰功,行諸方便,施財周急,愛老(lao)憐(lian)貧……”則“增(zeng)延(yan)福(fu)壽,世代榮(rong)昌(chang),子嗣(si)綿永(yong),世世不絕。”“城隍尊神,顯化(hua)無邊(bian),禱雨則甘霖(lin)蘇(su)槁(gao),禾稼成熟,祈晴(qing)則化(hua)陰成陽,應時朗晴(qing)。”
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