上(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)城(cheng)隍廟坐(zuo)落(luo)于(yu)上(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)老城(cheng)廂最為繁華的黃浦區豫園旅游區,是上(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)地(di)區著名的道教(jiao)宮觀(guan),始建于(yu)明代永樂年(nian)(nian)間(1403-1424),距今(jin)已有六(liu)百余年(nian)(nian)的歷史。由于(yu)上海城隍尊神在本地(di)區(qu)的特殊地(di)位,在六百(bai)年(nian)的發展(zhan)歷程中,上海城隍廟(miao)道觀的建設(she)和發展(zhan)得到了明(ming)、清歷任地(di)方縣府的重視和上海地(di)區(qu)百(bai)姓的熱心支(zhi)持(chi)。
從明代(dai)(dai)永樂年間到(dao)清代(dai)(dai)道(dao)光年間(1821-1850)上(shang)海城隍廟的(de)廟基(ji)不(bu)斷擴(kuo)大,宮(gong)(gong)(gong)觀(guan)建筑不(bu)斷增(zeng)加,最為繁盛時期(qi),總面積達到(dao)49.9畝土(tu)地(di),約三萬三千多平方米。作為上(shang)海地(di)區(qu)重要的(de)道(dao)教宮(gong)(gong)(gong)觀(guan),1995年,隨著宗教信仰自由政策的(de)逐(zhu)步(bu)落(luo)實,上(shang)海城隍廟得到(dao)恢(hui)復(fu),重新成(cheng)為由正一派道(dao)士管理的(de)道(dao)教宮(gong)(gong)(gong)觀(guan),完成(cheng)了一期(qi)修(xiu)復(fu)工程(cheng)。
2006年,在市、區政府的關心下,在上海市豫園商城股份有限公司的支持下,上海城隍廟大殿前廂房的使用權得以歸還,完成了二期修復工程。2015 年,上海城(cheng)隍(huang)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)前庭兩(liang)側廂房使用權(quan)收(shou)回,廟(miao)(miao)(miao)觀(guan)進行(xing)了(le)新一輪(lun)的修(xiu)繕,廟(miao)(miao)(miao)觀(guan)布局基(ji)本(ben)完(wan)整(zheng),為完(wan)善功能,服務社會(hui)提供了(le)更廣闊的活動平(ping)臺。如今(jin)的上海城(cheng)隍(huang)廟(miao)(miao)(miao),包括(kuo)霍光殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、元辰殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、財神殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、慈航殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、三官殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、月老殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、城(cheng)隍(huang)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、娘(niang)娘(niang)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、父母殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、關圣殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、文昌殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、祖師(shi)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)十(shi)二(er)個殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)堂,總(zong)面積約三千余平(ping)方(fang)米。
上(shang)海城隍(huang)廟(miao)殿(dian)堂建(jian)筑屬南方大式建(jian)筑,紅墻泥瓦,廟(miao)內主體建(jian)筑由廟(miao)前廣場(chang)、大殿(dian)、元辰殿(dian),財神(shen)殿(dian)、慈航殿(dian)、城隍(huang)殿(dian)、娘(niang)娘(niang)殿(dian)等組(zu)成。
儀門是(shi)(shi)過(guo)(guo)去官衙(ya)的(de)(de)第二(er)道正門。儀門前面有二(er)副對聯(lian)。一(yi)副對聯(lian)的(de)(de)上聯(lian)是(shi)(shi):陽(yang)世(shi)之間積善(shan)作(zuo)惡(e)皆由你(ni);下(xia)聯(lian)是(shi)(shi):陰(yin)(yin)曹地府古(gu)往今來放過(guo)(guo)誰(shui)。這(zhe)副對聯(lian)的(de)(de)意思(si)(si)就是(shi)(shi),在(zai)(zai)陽(yang)世(shi),你(ni)生活中,做好(hao)事(shi)或者做壞(huai)(huai)事(shi),都(dou)是(shi)(shi)由你(ni)自己決定的(de)(de)。可是(shi)(shi)人死后到(dao)了陰(yin)(yin)間,地獄的(de)(de)官府從古(gu)到(dao)今,從來不會放過(guo)(guo)要(yao)懲罰的(de)(de)壞(huai)(huai)人。另(ling)一(yi)副對聯(lian)的(de)(de)上聯(lian)是(shi)(shi):世(shi)事(shi)何須多計(ji)較;下(xia)聯(lian)是(shi)(shi):神(shen)界自有大乘除(chu)。這(zhe)副對聯(lian)的(de)(de)意思(si)(si)就是(shi)(shi),人生在(zai)(zai)世(shi),碰到(dao)各(ge)種吃虧或沾便(bian)宜(yi)的(de)(de)事(shi)情,你(ni)不必多加計(ji)較。因(yin)為,神(shen)靈對于人的(de)(de)善(shan)良和罪惡(e)都(dou)會加以回報或清算的(de)(de)。
在(zai)對聯的(de)后面掛著(zhu)(zhu)一(yi)只很大(da)的(de)算(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)盤,算(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)盤上(shang)刻(ke)(ke)著(zhu)(zhu)四個字“不由人算(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)”,算(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)盤上(shang)的(de)算(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)珠有(you)(you)(you)上(shang)有(you)(you)(you)下(xia)(xia),象征神(shen)(shen)界(jie)(jie)正在(zai)進行(xing)“大(da)乘(cheng)除(chu)”。算(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)盤的(de)旁邊立了二塊(kuai)巨額(e)。巨額(e)上(shang)寫的(de)是(shi):為(wei)(wei)(wei)善者(zhe)昌,為(wei)(wei)(wei)惡(e)者(zhe)亡(wang)(wang)。意思是(shi):做(zuo)(zuo)好(hao)事(shi)的(de)人,在(zai)神(shen)(shen)界(jie)(jie)計(ji)算(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)中一(yi)定會(hui)興旺發達;做(zuo)(zuo)壞事(shi)的(de)人,在(zai)神(shen)(shen)界(jie)(jie)計(ji)算(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)中一(yi)定會(hui)衰敗滅(mie)亡(wang)(wang)。城隍廟掛大(da)算(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)盤是(shi)有(you)(you)(you)深刻(ke)(ke)含(han)義的(de)。它一(yi)方(fang)(fang)面告訴信眾,做(zuo)(zuo)人要(yao)淡泊名利(li),不要(yao)自私自利(li),不要(yao)斤斤計(ji)較(jiao)。因(yin)為(wei)(wei)(wei),人有(you)(you)(you)算(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)計(ji),天(tian)(tian)(tian)有(you)(you)(you)算(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)計(ji),人算(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)總不如天(tian)(tian)(tian)算(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)。過分計(ji)較(jiao)的(de)結果會(hui)自食其果。另一(yi)方(fang)(fang)面又是(shi)告示天(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia),天(tian)(tian)(tian)算(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)就是(shi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)道(dao),天(tian)(tian)(tian)道(dao)自有(you)(you)(you)規律,任(ren)何人只有(you)(you)(you)循(xun)天(tian)(tian)(tian)道(dao)而(er)行(xing)才有(you)(you)(you)善終,逆天(tian)(tian)(tian)道(dao)而(er)行(xing)必(bi)然自取滅(mie)亡(wang)(wang)。
大殿正門上懸“城隍廟(miao)”匾(bian)額,并配以對聯“做個好人心正身安魂夢(meng)穩,行(xing)些善事天(tian)知地鑒鬼神欽”。
大(da)殿內供奉(feng)金山神主漢代博陸侯霍(huo)光大(da)將軍坐(zuo)像,左首(shou)(shou)為(wei)文判官,右首(shou)(shou)為(wei)武判官,次為(wei)日巡(xun)與夜(ye)查,日巡(xun)、夜(ye)查以下(xia)為(wei)八皂隸。
第一(yi)對立柱懸(xuan)有對聯“威靈顯赫護國安(an)邦扶(fu)社稷,圣道高(gao)明降施甘(gan)露救生民”以贊揚城隍神的(de)功績,上懸(xuan)匾額“牧(mu)化黎民”。
第二對(dui)立柱上(shang)懸“刻(ke)薄成家(jia)難(nan)免子孫浪費(fei),奸(jian)淫造孽焉(yan)能妻女清貞”的(de)對(dui)聯以警示世人。城(cheng)隍(huang)廟大殿(dian)在(zai)明代永樂(le)年間已經存在(zai),當(dang)時(shi)的(de)上(shang)海知縣(xian)張(zhang)守約將(jiang)供奉金山神主(zhu)霍(huo)(huo)光的(de)金山行祠改(gai)建為上(shang)海城(cheng)隍(huang)廟大殿(dian),殿(dian)內依(yi)舊供奉金山神主(zhu)霍(huo)(huo)光。
1924年(nian)為火所焚,1926年(nian)開始重(zhong)建,1927年(nian)完工(gong),大殿即是重(zhong)建于(yu)1926年(nian)的(de)城隍廟大殿,為全部鋼筋水泥結構仿(fang)古大殿。
元辰殿(dian):又稱六(liu)十甲子殿(dian)。元,為“善”,元辰,就是指吉(ji)利(li)時日的意思。
元辰神靈是中國的(de)(de)年歲神靈,與(yu)每一位(wei)中國人(ren)的(de)(de)年運有關。
中國古代子以(yi)天干地支循環相(xiang)配由甲子起(qi)至癸(gui)亥結束,以(yi)六十(shi)為一(yi)周,故也稱(cheng)六十(shi)甲子,后道教以(yi)六十(shi)甲子配以(yi)神(shen)名,從而形成了道教元(yuan)辰信仰(yang)。因六十(shi)甲子神(shen)靈是星神(shen),故也稱(cheng)太歲神(shen)。
在(zai)民間,指人(ren)們(men)把某年在(zai)六十(shi)元辰中所對(dui)應(ying)的太歲(sui)神稱為(wei)當年的值年太歲(sui),本(ben)(ben)人(ren)出生之(zhi)年的所對(dui)應(ying)的太歲(sui)神稱為(wei)本(ben)(ben)命太歲(sui)。信徒(tu)禮(li)拜本(ben)(ben)命太歲(sui),祈求年年平安,吉祥如意的儀式,就稱為(wei)順星。
慈(ci)(ci)航(hang)殿:慈(ci)(ci)航(hang)殿內(nei)供奉慈(ci)(ci)航(hang)真人(ren)(主平(ping)安),又稱慈(ci)(ci)航(hang)仙姑真人(ren)、也稱慈(ci)(ci)航(hang)大(da)士、圓通自在天尊,本是道教女真神(shen)仙 農歷六月十八生日。法寶(bao)為三(san)寶(bao)玉如意、清凈(jing)琉璃(li)瓶(ping)。
慈航大士(shi)垂(chui)慈施德,普濟(ji)世間苦難之(zhi)人;左邊為眼光娘(niang)娘(niang)(主治眼疾),又(you)稱眼光圣母惠照明目元君,傳說眼光娘(niang)娘(niang)能治療各種疾病,保佑人們眼明心亮、身體健(jian)康(kang)。
農歷三月初六與四月廿(nian)日都是(shi)眼光(guang)娘娘誕辰。右邊(bian)為(wei)天后(hou)娘娘媽祖(主(zhu)出(chu)海平安),又稱(cheng)輔兜昭孝純正靈應(ying)孚濟護國庇民妙靈昭應(ying)弘仁普濟天妃,司掌(zhang)海上安全、商(shang)業興隆、平安守護、消災避難。
財神(shen)殿:財神(shen)殿內供奉(feng)財神(shen)、招(zhao)財仙(xian)官(guan)(guan)、進寶仙(xian)官(guan)(guan)、利市仙(xian)官(guan)(guan)、納珍仙(xian)官(guan)(guan)。趙公(gong)明,本名朗,字公(gong)明,又稱趙玄壇(tan),趙公(gong)元(yuan)帥(shuai)。“玄壇(tan)”是指道教(jiao)的齋壇(tan),也有護法之(zhi)意,為(wei)道教(jiao)四(si)大元(yuan)帥(shuai)之(zhi)一。同時為(wei)雷部將帥(shuai)和五(wu)方瘟(wen)神(shen)之(zhi)一。又相傳為(wei)正財神(shen),司掌世間財源(yuan)。多為(wei)黑(hei)面濃須,騎黑(hei)虎,一手執銀(yin)鞭,一手持元(yuan)寶,全副(fu)戎裝。統(tong)帥(shuai)招(zhao)財仙(xian)官(guan)(guan)陳(chen)九公(gong)、進寶仙(xian)官(guan)(guan)蕭(xiao)升、利市仙(xian)官(guan)(guan)姚少司和納珍仙(xian)官(guan)(guan)曹寶,專司迎祥(xiang)納福(fu)、商賈買(mai)賣。
城(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)殿(dian):城(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)廟內(nei)最后一進殿(dian)為城(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)殿(dian)。城(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)殿(dian)兩側懸有對聯(lian)(lian)以贊揚城(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)神(shen)公正無私(si)“禍福(fu)分明(ming)此地難通線索(suo),善惡立判須知(zhi)天道(dao)無私(si)”,上懸匾額“威靈顯赫”。殿(dian)內(nei)另(ling)有一副贊神(shen)對聯(lian)(lian)“天道(dao)無私(si)做善降祥預知(zhi)吉兇禍福(fu),神(shen)明(ming)有應修功(gong)解厄分辨邪正忠(zhong)奸(jian)”橫批“燮理陰陽”。城(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)殿(dian)中央供奉上海縣城(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)神(shen)紅臉木雕像(xiang),正襟危坐。城(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)殿(dian)內(nei)仿照明(ming)代縣衙公堂陳設,儀仗森嚴。
娘娘殿(dian):城(cheng)隍殿(dian)西面為娘娘殿(dian),供奉上海縣城(cheng)隍神夫人(ren)儲氏(shi)。城(cheng)隍夫人(ren)儲氏(shi),周浦(pu)一帶的望族之女。當時,周浦(pu)儲姓家族頗具聲(sheng)望,祖輩是宋代詞(ci)人(ren)儲泳(約(yue)1101~1165,字文卿,號華谷),隨宋室南遷(qian)而隱居在周浦(pu)一帶。
父(fu)母殿(dian):城(cheng)隍殿(dian)東首為父(fu)母殿(dian),殿(dian)內(nei)供奉(feng)上海縣城(cheng)隍神(shen)父(fu)母。城(cheng)隍父(fu)秦(qin)(qin)良(liang)顥(hao)(1278~1355),字信甫(fu),號述齋(zhai)。師從蕭氏,搜集(ji)蒙(meng)古(gu)文(wen)史(shi)傳(chuan)故事(shi)及(ji)時(shi)務功要者三百(bai)余條,編譯成漢文(wen)的知識大(da)全《纂通》;又掇拾師言(yan),兼(jian)采別說,輯成《一(yi)貫》,并取(qu)蒙(meng)古(gu)及(ji)維吾(wu)爾問答之(zhi)(zhi)言(yan),編成《吹萬(wan)集(ji)》。他是極為難得的漢人出身的蒙(meng)古(gu)文(wen)專家。當時(shi),漢人學(xue)蒙(meng)古(gu)文(wen)者無出其右,因(yin)此他年紀輕輕就出任國子(zi)監學(xue)錄,而他“淡然無求進意(yi),隱居教授,戶外之(zhi)(zhi)屨至,無所容達。官大(da)人至者,莫不晉謁,與之(zhi)(zhi)語(yu),動中肯綮(qi),而適(shi)于事(shi)情未嘗 不為之(zhi)(zhi)嘆服也”,“其平(ping)時(shi)一(yi)言(yan)一(yi)動,無不揆(kui)乎道義,人皆稱篤行(xing)君子(zi)焉”。大(da)德年間(1297~1307),秦(qin)(qin)良(liang)顥(hao)經翰(han)林寇學(xue)士(shi)推薦,進萬(wan)言(yan)策,由國子(zi)監學(xue)錄提(ti)升為浙西榷鹺(cuo)使(shi)。于是,秦(qin)(qin)良(liang)顥(hao)舉家南下(xia)返回上海地區。
文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)昌(chang)殿內(nei)供奉文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)昌(chang)帝(di)君(jun)(jun)。文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)昌(chang)帝(di)君(jun)(jun)又稱梓(zi)潼(tong)(tong)(tong)帝(di)君(jun)(jun)、文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)曲星(xing)、文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)星(xing),為(wei)主宰功名(ming)、祿位(wei)之神(shen)。是中國(guo)民間和道教(jiao)尊(zun)奉的(de)掌管士(shi)人功名(ming)祿位(wei)之神(shen)。文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)昌(chang)本星(xing)名(ming),亦稱文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)昌(chang)星(xing),或文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)星(xing),古(gu)時認(ren)為(wei)是主持文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)運(yun)功名(ming)的(de)星(xing)宿。其(qi)成為(wei)中國(guo)民間和道教(jiao)所(suo)信奉的(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)昌(chang)帝(di)君(jun)(jun),與梓(zi)潼(tong)(tong)(tong)神(shen)張亞(ya)(ya)(ya)子(zi)有(you)關(guan)。東晉(jin)寧康(kang)二年(374),蜀(shu)人張育(yu)(yu)自稱蜀(shu)王,起義抗擊前秦苻堅,英勇戰死(si),人們在(zai)梓(zi)潼(tong)(tong)(tong)郡七曲山為(wei)之建(jian)張育(yu)(yu)祠(ci),并(bing)尊(zun)奉他為(wei)雷澤龍神(shen)。其(qi)時七曲山另有(you)梓(zi)潼(tong)(tong)(tong)神(shen)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)子(zi)祠(ci),因(yin)兩(liang)祠(ci)相(xiang)鄰,后人將兩(liang)祠(ci)神(shen)名(ming)合稱張亞(ya)(ya)(ya)子(zi),并(bing)稱張亞(ya)(ya)(ya)子(zi)仕晉(jin)戰歿。實(shi)為(wei)《晉(jin)書》所(suo)載(zai)張育(yu)(yu)之事。左右二童子(zi)稱天聾、地(di)啞(ya),是文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)昌(chang)帝(di)君(jun)(jun)的(de)兩(liang)個侍(shi)童,一(yi)(yi)個掌管文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)人錄運(yun)薄冊(ce),一(yi)(yi)個手持文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)昌(chang)大印。意思是:能(neng)(neng)(neng)知者(zhe)不(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)言,能(neng)(neng)(neng)言者(zhe)不(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)知。文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)昌(chang)帝(di)君(jun)(jun)掌管文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)章(zhang)科舉(ju),關(guan)系(xi)富貴貧賤,保密(mi)問題很重要(yao),以免天機泄(xie)漏。
關(guan)圣殿(dian)內供關(guan)圣帝君,左右(you)供周倉、關(guan)平二位將軍。
城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍神(shen),是城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)的保護(hu)神(shen),“城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)”,就是城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)池;“隍”是干涸的護(hu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)河,“城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)”和“隍”都(dou)是保護(hu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)安全的軍事(shi)設施(shi)。
城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)廟里供奉(feng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen),多數(shu)在(zai)歷史上確有其(qi)(qi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。能(neng)夠成為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)基本分為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)這樣幾類(lei):第一(yi)(yi)類(lei)是一(yi)(yi)些(xie)有政績的(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)方官(guan),在(zai)去(qu)世之后(hou)(hou),本地(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)百(bai)(bai)(bai)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)了(le)(le)表(biao)彰他(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)功(gong)績,供奉(feng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)本地(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen),并且希望他(ta)(ta)在(zai)天(tian)之靈依就(jiu)(jiu)能(neng)夠保(bao)(bao)佑(you)本地(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)百(bai)(bai)(bai)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。如(ru)(ru)上海奉(feng)賢縣(xian)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)周中鋐,是清(qing)代松江知府,生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)前為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)官(guan)清(qing)廉(lian),最(zui)后(hou)(hou)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)治理(li)地(di)方水患(huan)以(yi)身(shen)殉職,奉(feng)賢縣(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)百(bai)(bai)(bai)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)了(le)(le)紀(ji)(ji)念他(ta)(ta),供奉(feng)他(ta)(ta)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)奉(feng)賢縣(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen);第二(er)類(lei)是國(guo)家的(de)(de)(de)(de)功(gong)臣,其(qi)(qi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)前曾(ceng)經(jing)拯救(jiu)了(le)(le)國(guo)家和百(bai)(bai)(bai)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)們(men)(men)(men)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)了(le)(le)表(biao)示感激(ji)之情,將(jiang)(jiang)他(ta)(ta)供奉(feng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen),這類(lei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)中有普通的(de)(de)(de)(de)百(bai)(bai)(bai)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),也有國(guo)家的(de)(de)(de)(de)功(gong)臣,如(ru)(ru)浙(zhe)江義烏(wu)縣(xian)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)項(xiang)顯佑(you),生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)前幫助朱元璋統一(yi)(yi)天(tian)下,1367年(nian)(nian),江浙(zhe)一(yi)(yi)帶大旱,項(xiang)顯佑(you)散(san)家財賑濟百(bai)(bai)(bai)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),救(jiu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)無數(shu),義烏(wu)百(bai)(bai)(bai)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)了(le)(le)紀(ji)(ji)念他(ta)(ta),就(jiu)(jiu)供奉(feng)他(ta)(ta)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)義烏(wu)縣(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen);第三類(lei)是生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)前正(zheng)(zheng)直(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),如(ru)(ru)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)官(guan)清(qing)廉(lian),為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)正(zheng)(zheng)直(zhi)等,去(qu)世以(yi)后(hou)(hou),人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)們(men)(men)(men)認(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)他(ta)(ta)在(zai)冥(ming)界(jie)一(yi)(yi)樣能(neng)夠保(bao)(bao)持其(qi)(qi)正(zheng)(zheng)直(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)品德,保(bao)(bao)護(hu)本地(di)百(bai)(bai)(bai)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),將(jiang)(jiang)他(ta)(ta)供奉(feng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)。如(ru)(ru)北(bei)京城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)楊淑山,明代嘉靖年(nian)(nian)間進士(shi),官(guan)至(zhi)兵(bing)部員外郎,以(yi)剛(gang)正(zheng)(zheng)不阿而著(zhu)名(ming)。因彈(dan)劾嚴(yan)嵩(song)(song)的(de)(de)(de)(de)十(shi)大罪狀(zhuang)而被捕入獄,后(hou)(hou)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)嚴(yan)嵩(song)(song)所害。北(bei)京的(de)(de)(de)(de)百(bai)(bai)(bai)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)就(jiu)(jiu)將(jiang)(jiang)他(ta)(ta)供奉(feng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)自己的(de)(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen);第四類(lei)是行善的(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)死(si)后(hou)(hou)成為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen),這些(xie)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)通常在(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)前為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)本地(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)百(bai)(bai)(bai)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)做(zuo)了(le)(le)很多的(de)(de)(de)(de)好(hao)事,人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)們(men)(men)(men)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)了(le)(le)紀(ji)(ji)念他(ta)(ta),同時希望他(ta)(ta)在(zai)冥(ming)界(jie)也能(neng)夠為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)老百(bai)(bai)(bai)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)做(zuo)好(hao)事,就(jiu)(jiu)將(jiang)(jiang)他(ta)(ta)供奉(feng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)。如(ru)(ru)烏(wu)魯(lu)木(mu)齊(qi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)是陜(shan)西人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)紀(ji)(ji)永寧(ning),相傳(chuan)嘉靖三十(shi)一(yi)(yi)年(nian)(nian)地(di)震,曾(ceng)捐(juan)資(zi)埋葬死(si)者四十(shi)余人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),多行善事,上天(tian)以(yi)其(qi)(qi)一(yi)(yi)心行善,封其(qi)(qi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)烏(wu)魯(lu)木(mu)齊(qi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)之神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)。可見,城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)作為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen),老百(bai)(bai)(bai)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)希望能(neng)夠得到他(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)護(hu),所以(yi),城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)都是由一(yi)(yi)些(xie)公(gong)忠正(zheng)(zheng)直(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)擔(dan)任。
城(cheng)隍神(shen)的職能:保(bao)城(cheng)護民,懲惡(e)揚善(shan),監察萬民,祛除(chu)(chu)災(zai)厄(e)。《太上(shang)老君說城(cheng)隍感應(ying)消災(zai)集福妙(miao)經(jing)》中說城(cheng)隍神(shen):“公忠正直,有(you)求必應(ying),如影隨形,代天理物(wu),剪(jian)惡(e)除(chu)(chu)兇,護國保(bao)邦,功施社稷,溥降甘(gan)澤,普救生民”,“哀憫(min)世(shi)間(jian)一切眾(zhong)生,或(huo)有(you)年災(zai)月厄(e),命運騫滯……,吾當(dang)速(su)譴行瘟(wen)使(shi)者,收瘟(wen)圣眾(zhong),即(ji)除(chu)(chu)罪簿,永滅惡(e)根。”“世(shi)間(jian)若有(you)善(shan)男(nan)子(zi),善(shan)女人,廣積陰(yin)功,行諸方便,施財周急,愛老憐(lian)貧……”則(ze)(ze)“增延福壽,世(shi)代榮(rong)昌,子(zi)嗣綿永,世(shi)世(shi)不絕。”“城(cheng)隍尊(zun)神(shen),顯化無邊,禱雨(yu)則(ze)(ze)甘(gan)霖蘇槁,禾(he)稼成(cheng)熟,祈晴(qing)則(ze)(ze)化陰(yin)成(cheng)陽(yang),應(ying)時(shi)朗晴(qing)。”
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公交:乘坐221、264、544、夜32、12、24、36、42、66、182、190、219、1、7、10、222、夜1、夜8、夜12路公交車在文德路站下車,步行即可(ke)到達。
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逢農歷初一,十五:6:00-16:30