阜城(cheng)杏(xing)(xing)梅(mei)(mei)是(shi)河(he)北(bei)省衡水市阜城(cheng)縣特產(chan),全(quan)國農產(chan)品地理標志(zhi)。杏(xing)(xing)梅(mei)(mei)是(shi)杏(xing)(xing)和李的(de)偶然雜交種,是(shi)阜城(cheng)縣的(de)優(you)勢(shi)果(guo)(guo)品,也是(shi)河(he)北(bei)省地方(fang)特色(se)果(guo)(guo)品,有著500余年(nian)的(de)栽培歷史。阜城(cheng)杏(xing)(xing)梅(mei)(mei)果(guo)(guo)實呈卵圓形,外觀色(se)澤鮮艷(yan),果(guo)(guo)皮橙黃(huang)色(se)帶紅暈、具縫合線、皮厚有韌(ren)性(xing),果(guo)(guo)肉(rou)黃(huang)色(se),細膩(ni)有砂性(xing),酸甜可(ke)口(kou)。杏(xing)(xing)梅(mei)(mei)貯存(cun)期(qi)最長可(ke)達30天至40天,既可(ke)用于鮮食(shi),也可(ke)加工成果(guo)(guo)脯、果(guo)(guo)醬、果(guo)(guo)汁等(deng)。
2020年(nian)4月30日,中(zhong)華人民(min)共和國農業農村部正(zheng)式批準對“阜城杏梅”實施農產品地理標(biao)志登記(ji)保(bao)護(hu)。
阜(fu)(fu)城(cheng)杏梅生產地(di)域(yu)范圍為衡水市阜(fu)(fu)城(cheng)縣,涉及阜(fu)(fu)城(cheng)鎮、漫河鎮、古城(cheng)鎮、蔣坊鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、建橋鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、大(da)白鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、王(wang)集(ji)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、霞口(kou)鎮等(deng)8個鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)鎮445個行(xing)政村(cun),地(di)理坐(zuo)標為東(dong)經37°49′59″~37°58′44″,北(bei)緯116°08′47″~116°33′24″,保護地(di)總面積(ji)為32535hm2,常(chang)年種植面積(ji)200hm2,年產量8000t。
阜城杏梅果(guo)實卵圓形,外觀(guan)色澤鮮艷,果(guo)皮橙黃色帶紅暈、具縫(feng)合線、皮厚有韌(ren)性(xing);果(guo)肉黃色,細膩有砂性(xing),酸(suan)甜可口,果(guo)核表面具有蜂窩狀小凹點;單(dan)果(guo)重60~85g,最大單(dan)果(guo)重110g。
經檢測,可溶(rong)性固形物≥13.5%;可滴定酸≤0.5%;總(zong)糖≥8.5g/100g;維生素C≥4.2 mg/100g;水分≤89.0 g/100g。
阜城杏梅產(chan)品質量符(fu)合國家有(you)關(guan)標準。
阜(fu)城(cheng)縣地(di)處河北(bei)省中南部黑龍港(gang)流域,屬暖溫(wen)帶半干旱大陸性季風(feng)氣(qi)候。生產區域內近十年(nian)(nian)年(nian)(nian)平均氣(qi)溫(wen)13.5℃,極端最高(gao)氣(qi)溫(wen)42.2℃,極端最低氣(qi)溫(wen)~16.8℃,年(nian)(nian)積溫(wen)4465℃,年(nian)(nian)無霜(shuang)期(qi)217天。四季分明、雨(yu)量(liang)少而集(ji)中,年(nian)(nian)平均降水量(liang)527.3mm,降雨(yu)主要集(ji)中在(zai)6~8月,約(yue)占全年(nian)(nian)降水量(liang)的70%,具有明顯(xian)雨(yu)熱同(tong)季的特(te)點,特(te)別適(shi)合(he)阜(fu)城(cheng)杏梅的生長。
生產(chan)區域(yu)內,淺層及(ji)深層淡水(shui)(shui)豐富,水(shui)(shui)質礦化度1~2g/L,pH值在7~8之(zhi)間。水(shui)(shui)質好(hao)、無污染,有利于(yu)阜城杏(xing)梅的生產(chan)灌溉(gai)。
生產(chan)區域內土(tu)壤多為(wei)中壤質~壤質潮(chao)土(tu),有機質含(han)量平均16.58g/kg,pH值7.5~8.1,特別適于阜城杏梅栽(zai)培(pei)。
在(zai)阜城杏梅(mei)生長期間年輻(fu)射總(zong)量136.3千卡/cm2,年平(ping)均日照(zhao)時數2693.5h、平(ping)均日照(zhao)時間7.4h,日照(zhao)率61.0%,能夠完(wan)全滿足(zu)阜城杏梅(mei)對(dui)光照(zhao)的需(xu)求。
選擇土層深厚、排水(shui)良好,沒有污染的沙壤土或壤土,不能重茬。
以阜城杏(xing)梅為栽培品(pin)種,選擇毛桃或山杏(xing)作為砧木。
為保證阜城杏梅(mei)的品質特色,應注重(zhong)以下生產(chan)環節的管理:
①標準化建(jian)園(yuan):選(xuan)用(yong)根系新(xin)鮮、苗干直立(li)、無(wu)病蟲害、無(wu)機械損傷、芽體飽滿的(de)(de)一(yi)級苗,以杏(xing)樹(shu)做(zuo)授(shou)粉樹(shu)、阜城杏(xing)梅與杏(xing)樹(shu)5~6:1的(de)(de)比(bi)例進行(xing)(xing)配(pei)置,按照株行(xing)(xing)距2~3米×4~5米的(de)(de)標準進行(xing)(xing)栽植建(jian)園(yuan)。
②土肥(fei)(fei)水(shui)管(guan)理(li):合理(li)施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)。一(yi)年(nian)追(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)三次(ci)(ci)(ci),分(fen)(fen)(fen)別在(zai)萌(meng)芽前(qian)、幼果(guo)第一(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)膨(peng)大期(qi)、果(guo)實(shi)(shi)第二(er)次(ci)(ci)(ci)膨(peng)大期(qi)分(fen)(fen)(fen)期(qi)施(shi)(shi)入,幼齡樹和結果(guo)樹的(de)(de)(de)(de)果(guo)實(shi)(shi)發育前(qian)期(qi),追(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)以氮磷(lin)(lin)(lin)肥(fei)(fei)為主,每(mei)667平(ping)方(fang)米追(zhui)施(shi)(shi)磷(lin)(lin)(lin)酸(suan)二(er)銨25千(qian)克(ke)(ke)(ke),結果(guo)樹果(guo)實(shi)(shi)發育后(hou)(hou)期(qi)以磷(lin)(lin)(lin)鉀(jia)肥(fei)(fei)為主,每(mei)667平(ping)方(fang)米追(zhui)施(shi)(shi)硫(liu)酸(suan)鉀(jia)20千(qian)克(ke)(ke)(ke);結合病蟲(chong)害(hai)防治葉面噴施(shi)(shi)0.3%~0.5%的(de)(de)(de)(de)磷(lin)(lin)(lin)酸(suan)二(er)氫鉀(jia)3~4次(ci)(ci)(ci);秋施(shi)(shi)基(ji)肥(fei)(fei)在(zai)果(guo)實(shi)(shi)采收(shou)后(hou)(hou)盡早施(shi)(shi)入,采取(qu)溝(gou)施(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)式,每(mei)667平(ping)方(fang)米施(shi)(shi)用優質腐熟農家肥(fei)(fei)2~3噸,摻加(jia)磷(lin)(lin)(lin)酸(suan)二(er)銨15千(qian)克(ke)(ke)(ke)、尿素10千(qian)克(ke)(ke)(ke)、硅鈣鎂(mei)鉀(jia)肥(fei)(fei)50千(qian)克(ke)(ke)(ke),充分(fen)(fen)(fen)混勻后(hou)(hou)施(shi)(shi)入。灌溉水(shui)管(guan)理(li)。全年(nian)灌水(shui)4次(ci)(ci)(ci),分(fen)(fen)(fen)別在(zai)萌(meng)芽前(qian)、果(guo)實(shi)(shi)第一(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)膨(peng)大期(qi)、果(guo)實(shi)(shi)第二(er)次(ci)(ci)(ci)膨(peng)大期(qi)和秋施(shi)(shi)基(ji)肥(fei)(fei)后(hou)(hou)及(ji)時澆水(shui),灌水(shui)量(liang)以土壤含水(shui)量(liang)達到田間持水(shui)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)60%~80%為宜,多雨季節注意及(ji)時排澇。生草(cao)(cao)覆(fu)(fu)(fu)蓋。提倡果(guo)園生草(cao)(cao),采取(qu)行間生草(cao)(cao)、行內覆(fu)(fu)(fu)蓋的(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)式,生草(cao)(cao)品種可選擇黑麥草(cao)(cao)或紫(zi)花(hua)苜蓿,樹盤內覆(fu)(fu)(fu)蓋薄膜或防草(cao)(cao)布控(kong)草(cao)(cao)保墑,也可以實(shi)(shi)行自然生草(cao)(cao)覆(fu)(fu)(fu)蓋。
③整形(xing)修剪:樹(shu)形(xing)以小(xiao)冠(guan)疏(shu)層型(xing)形(xing)和紡(fang)(fang)錘形(xing)為主(zhu)。小(xiao)冠(guan)疏(shu)層型(xing)形(xing)干(gan)(gan)高40~50厘米(mi)(mi)(mi),樹(shu)高2.5~3米(mi)(mi)(mi),冠(guan)徑2.5~3米(mi)(mi)(mi),具有中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央領(ling)導干(gan)(gan),全樹(shu)有5~6個(ge)(ge)(ge)主(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),第(di)(di)一層留3個(ge)(ge)(ge)主(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),每主(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)留側(ce)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)2~3個(ge)(ge)(ge),第(di)(di)二層留1~2個(ge)(ge)(ge)主(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),每主(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)留側(ce)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)1~2個(ge)(ge)(ge),第(di)(di)三層留1個(ge)(ge)(ge)主(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),不(bu)留側(ce)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。層間距第(di)(di)一、第(di)(di)二層70厘米(mi)(mi)(mi)左(zuo)右(you),第(di)(di)二、三層50厘米(mi)(mi)(mi)左(zuo)右(you);紡(fang)(fang)錘形(xing)干(gan)(gan)高60~70厘米(mi)(mi)(mi),樹(shu)高2.5~3米(mi)(mi)(mi),中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)干(gan)(gan)直(zhi)立(li)強健,在(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)干(gan)(gan)上(shang)(shang)均勻培(pei)育10~15個(ge)(ge)(ge)主(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),角度(du)(du)拉成(cheng)(cheng)70~90度(du)(du),向(xiang)圓周伸展,不(bu)分(fen)層次,均勻插(cha)空排列,主(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)單(dan)軸(zhou)延伸不(bu)留側(ce)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),上(shang)(shang)面直(zhi)接著生結(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組(zu),下部枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)長(chang)(chang)1.5~2米(mi)(mi)(mi),中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)部1~1.2米(mi)(mi)(mi),上(shang)(shang)部0.7米(mi)(mi)(mi)左(zuo)右(you),相(xiang)鄰兩個(ge)(ge)(ge)主(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)距離25厘米(mi)(mi)(mi)左(zuo)右(you),樹(shu)冠(guan)緊湊豐滿,外觀呈紡(fang)(fang)錘形(xing)。修剪與整形(xing)同步進(jin)行,在(zai)整形(xing)的基礎上(shang)(shang),通過調光、調枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、調花(hua),調勢培(pei)養(yang)健壯、穩定(ding)、豐產的樹(shu)體結(jie)(jie)構。小(xiao)型(xing)結(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組(zu)培(pei)養(yang):利(li)用平斜中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)短(duan)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)緩放,對(dui)直(zhi)立(li)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、短(duan)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)扣芽破頂促(cu)進(jin)成(cheng)(cheng)花(hua),對(dui)細弱中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、長(chang)(chang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)短(duan)截(jie),促(cu)進(jin)分(fen)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)緩放成(cheng)(cheng)花(hua),結(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)后(hou)(hou)再回(hui)(hui)縮,培(pei)養(yang)成(cheng)(cheng)小(xiao)型(xing)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組(zu);中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)型(xing)結(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組(zu)培(pei)養(yang):對(dui)發育健壯的長(chang)(chang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)或(huo)徒長(chang)(chang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)先截(jie)后(hou)(hou)放,促(cu)進(jin)分(fen)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),緩放后(hou)(hou)成(cheng)(cheng)花(hua)結(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo),連續分(fen)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)即形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)型(xing)結(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組(zu),對(dui)平斜下垂枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)輕(qing)(qing)剪,促(cu)生中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)段枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),成(cheng)(cheng)長(chang)(chang)結(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)后(hou)(hou)回(hui)(hui)縮,形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)型(xing)結(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組(zu);大型(xing)結(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組(zu)培(pei)養(yang):對(dui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)庸枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)或(huo)旺長(chang)(chang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)短(duan)截(jie),在(zai)選留延長(chang)(chang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)并不(bu)斷(duan)擴大的同時(shi),促(cu)生中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)短(duan)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),然后(hou)(hou)去強留弱或(huo)去直(zhi)留斜,對(dui)留下的中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)庸枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和偏弱枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)“先輕(qing)(qing)剪緩放,成(cheng)(cheng)花(hua)結(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)后(hou)(hou)回(hui)(hui)縮”,即可培(pei)養(yang)成(cheng)(cheng)大型(xing)結(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組(zu)。
④花(hua)(hua)果(guo)(guo)管理。一(yi)是(shi)(shi)早春防(fang)凍害(hai),可采取(qu)(qu)樹干涂白、花(hua)(hua)前(qian)(qian)灌水或根外(wai)噴(pen)施磷鉀(jia)肥等措施進行(xing)(xing)預防(fang);二(er)是(shi)(shi)輔助(zhu)授粉,可采取(qu)(qu)掛(gua)瓶插花(hua)(hua)枝、人工滾動雞(ji)毛撣、或利用蜜(mi)蜂或壁蜂等方(fang)(fang)法進行(xing)(xing);三是(shi)(shi)花(hua)(hua)期(qi)噴(pen)肥,花(hua)(hua)期(qi)噴(pen)0.2%硼(peng)砂、謝花(hua)(hua)后(hou)噴(pen)0.2%硼(peng)砂+0.3%磷酸二(er)氫鉀(jia),隔(ge)10天再(zai)噴(pen)1次;四是(shi)(shi)疏果(guo)(guo),第一(yi)次在(zai)落花(hua)(hua)后(hou)20天開始(shi)、5月中旬前(qian)(qian)完成,5~10厘米(mi)留一(yi)果(guo)(guo),疏去病蟲果(guo)(guo)、小果(guo)(guo)、畸(ji)形果(guo)(guo),每667平(ping)方(fang)(fang)米(mi)留果(guo)(guo)5~6萬個(ge)(ge),第二(er)次在(zai)花(hua)(hua)后(hou)50~60天生理落果(guo)(guo)后(hou)進行(xing)(xing),疏除密(mi)生果(guo)(guo)、并生果(guo)(guo)、病蟲果(guo)(guo)及枝摩葉掃(sao)果(guo)(guo),樹冠中下部多(duo)留、上(shang)部及外(wai)圍少留,長(chang)果(guo)(guo)枝留3~4個(ge)(ge)果(guo)(guo),中果(guo)(guo)枝留2~3個(ge)(ge)果(guo)(guo),短果(guo)(guo)枝留1個(ge)(ge)果(guo)(guo),使果(guo)(guo)實分布均勻(yun),每667平(ping)方(fang)(fang)米(mi)留果(guo)(guo)量(liang)4.5~5萬個(ge)(ge)。總(zong)體掌握每667平(ping)方(fang)(fang)米(mi)產(chan)量(liang)2500~3000千克。
⑤病(bing)蟲(chong)害(hai)防(fang)治。阜城(cheng)杏梅(mei)的主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)病(bing)蟲(chong)害(hai)為(wei)(wei)天牛(niu)、紅(hong)(hong)蜘(zhi)蛛(zhu)、卷(juan)葉蛾、介殼(ke)蟲(chong)和流(liu)膠(jiao)病(bing),按照“預(yu)(yu)防(fang)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)、綜合防(fang)治”的原則,以(yi)農業(ye)和物理防(fang)治為(wei)(wei)基礎、生(sheng)物防(fang)治為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)、化學防(fang)治為(wei)(wei)輔,全年噴(pen)藥5~7次。萌芽前后(hou)以(yi)防(fang)治紅(hong)(hong)蜘(zhi)蛛(zhu)、介殼(ke)蟲(chong)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu),可(ke)(ke)選噴(pen)3~5°Bé石硫(liu)合劑或者(zhe)1.8%苦參堿1000~1500倍(bei)(bei)+10%吡蟲(chong)啉4000~5000倍(bei)(bei)液組合;落花后(hou)以(yi)防(fang)治杏仁蜂、象鼻蟲(chong)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu),可(ke)(ke)選噴(pen)4.5%高效(xiao)氯(lv)氰菊酯乳油(you)1500~2000倍(bei)(bei);4月(yue)下(xia)旬(xun)為(wei)(wei)防(fang)治卷(juan)葉蛾可(ke)(ke)噴(pen)25%滅幼脲3號懸浮劑1500~2000倍(bei)(bei);5月(yue)中下(xia)旬(xun)以(yi)防(fang)治紅(hong)(hong)蜘(zhi)蛛(zhu)、介殼(ke)蟲(chong)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu),可(ke)(ke)噴(pen)1.8%阿維菌素(su)乳油(you)3000~4000倍(bei)(bei)。流(liu)膠(jiao)病(bing)可(ke)(ke)通(tong)過增施有(you)機肥(fei)、不偏(pian)施化肥(fei)、保(bao)持中庸(yong)樹勢(shi)等預(yu)(yu)防(fang),對(dui)產生(sheng)流(liu)膠(jiao)的樹可(ke)(ke)采取“刮涂封”法(fa)治療,即先(xian)刮去(qu)膠(jiao)體和爛(lan)皮、再涂殺菌劑(5°Bé石硫(liu)合劑或生(sheng)石灰粉)進行保(bao)護和治療,然(ran)后(hou)用(yong)薄膜封嚴傷(shang)口。
遠距離運輸可(ke)于(yu)6月下旬(xun)硬熟期(qi)采(cai)收,近距離運輸可(ke)于(yu)7月上旬(xun)軟熟期(qi)采(cai)收。采(cai)收時輕拿輕放,防止扎、碰、壓、劃等(deng)機(ji)械(xie)損(sun)傷,保證果實(shi)完好。
①分級(ji)包裝(zhuang)(zhuang)。阜(fu)城杏(xing)梅(mei)貯藏(zang)或外銷(xiao)嚴格按標準等級(ji)分級(ji),包裝(zhuang)(zhuang)用紙箱、箱板(ban)、果(guo)墊、包裝(zhuang)(zhuang)紙、膠(jiao)帶紙均應清(qing)潔(jie)、無毒、無異味,箱體兩側留4~6個氣(qi)孔,氣(qi)孔直徑15毫米左右,箱體應注明商標、品種、產地、重量。②貯藏(zang)。阜(fu)城杏(xing)梅(mei)應在恒溫氣(qi)調庫內(nei)貯藏(zang),注意碼堆不得(de)過高,剁間要留有通道。③運輸。運輸阜(fu)城杏(xing)梅(mei)的工具要清(qing)潔(jie)衛(wei)生(sheng),不能與(yu)有毒、有害(hai)、有異味的物品混裝(zhuang)(zhuang),裝(zhuang)(zhuang)卸時(shi)要輕裝(zhuang)(zhuang)、輕放(fang)。
詳(xiang)細(xi)記(ji)錄阜城杏梅的生產地點、肥料(liao)名(ming)稱(cheng)、施(shi)(shi)肥時(shi)間、施(shi)(shi)肥量、農(nong)藥名(ming)稱(cheng)、施(shi)(shi)藥時(shi)間、施(shi)(shi)藥量、收獲日期等信息(xi)。
2020年4月(yue)30日(ri),中華(hua)人民共和國農(nong)業農(nong)村部正式批準對“阜(fu)城杏梅”實施農(nong)產品地理標志登記保護(hu)。
2004年,阜城縣杏梅(mei)面(mian)積達6.94萬(wan)畝,年產量達2.94萬(wan)噸,占全國(guo)杏梅(mei)市場(chang)份額的(de)90%以(yi)上。
2020年,阜城杏梅生產(chan)規模200公頃,年產(chan)量(liang)0.8萬噸,占全國市場份額的95%以上。