阜城(cheng)杏(xing)(xing)梅(mei)是(shi)(shi)河(he)北省衡水市阜城(cheng)縣(xian)特產(chan),全國(guo)農產(chan)品地(di)理標志。杏(xing)(xing)梅(mei)是(shi)(shi)杏(xing)(xing)和李的偶然雜交(jiao)種,是(shi)(shi)阜城(cheng)縣(xian)的優(you)勢果(guo)品,也是(shi)(shi)河(he)北省地(di)方特色果(guo)品,有著500余年的栽培歷史。阜城(cheng)杏(xing)(xing)梅(mei)果(guo)實呈卵圓形,外(wai)觀色澤鮮艷,果(guo)皮橙黃色帶(dai)紅(hong)暈、具縫合線、皮厚有韌性,果(guo)肉黃色,細(xi)膩(ni)有砂性,酸甜可(ke)(ke)口。杏(xing)(xing)梅(mei)貯存期最長可(ke)(ke)達30天至40天,既可(ke)(ke)用于(yu)鮮食(shi),也可(ke)(ke)加工成果(guo)脯、果(guo)醬、果(guo)汁(zhi)等。
2020年4月30日,中華人(ren)民共和國農(nong)業農(nong)村部正式批準對“阜(fu)城杏梅”實施農(nong)產品地理標志登記保護。
阜(fu)城杏梅生(sheng)產(chan)地域范圍為(wei)衡(heng)水市阜(fu)城縣,涉(she)及(ji)阜(fu)城鎮、漫河鎮、古城鎮、蔣(jiang)坊鄉(xiang)、建橋鄉(xiang)、大白鄉(xiang)、王集(ji)鄉(xiang)、霞口鎮等8個(ge)鄉(xiang)鎮445個(ge)行政村(cun),地理坐標為(wei)東經37°49′59″~37°58′44″,北緯116°08′47″~116°33′24″,保護地總面積(ji)為(wei)32535hm2,常年種植面積(ji)200hm2,年產(chan)量8000t。
阜城杏梅果實卵圓形,外觀(guan)色(se)澤鮮艷,果皮橙黃色(se)帶紅暈(yun)、具(ju)縫合(he)線、皮厚有韌性(xing);果肉黃色(se),細膩有砂性(xing),酸(suan)甜(tian)可口,果核表面(mian)具(ju)有蜂(feng)窩(wo)狀小凹(ao)點;單果重(zhong)60~85g,最大單果重(zhong)110g。
經檢(jian)測,可(ke)溶性固形物≥13.5%;可(ke)滴定酸(suan)≤0.5%;總(zong)糖≥8.5g/100g;維生素C≥4.2 mg/100g;水分(fen)≤89.0 g/100g。
阜城杏梅產品質量符合(he)國家(jia)有(you)關標(biao)準。
阜城縣地處河北省中(zhong)南部黑龍港流域,屬暖溫(wen)帶半干旱大(da)陸性季(ji)風氣(qi)候。生產區(qu)域內(nei)近十年(nian)年(nian)平(ping)均氣(qi)溫(wen)13.5℃,極端最(zui)高氣(qi)溫(wen)42.2℃,極端最(zui)低氣(qi)溫(wen)~16.8℃,年(nian)積溫(wen)4465℃,年(nian)無霜(shuang)期217天。四(si)季(ji)分明、雨(yu)量少而(er)集(ji)中(zhong),年(nian)平(ping)均降(jiang)(jiang)水量527.3mm,降(jiang)(jiang)雨(yu)主要集(ji)中(zhong)在(zai)6~8月,約占全(quan)年(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)水量的(de)(de)70%,具(ju)有明顯雨(yu)熱同季(ji)的(de)(de)特點,特別(bie)適合阜城杏梅(mei)的(de)(de)生長。
生(sheng)產(chan)區(qu)域內,淺層及深(shen)層淡(dan)水豐富,水質礦化度1~2g/L,pH值在7~8之間。水質好、無污染,有利于阜城杏(xing)梅的生(sheng)產(chan)灌溉。
生產區(qu)域(yu)內土壤(rang)(rang)多為(wei)中(zhong)壤(rang)(rang)質~壤(rang)(rang)質潮土,有(you)機質含量平(ping)均16.58g/kg,pH值7.5~8.1,特別適(shi)于阜城杏梅(mei)栽(zai)培。
在阜城杏梅(mei)(mei)生(sheng)長期間(jian)年輻(fu)射總量136.3千(qian)卡/cm2,年平(ping)均日(ri)(ri)照時數(shu)2693.5h、平(ping)均日(ri)(ri)照時間(jian)7.4h,日(ri)(ri)照率(lv)61.0%,能夠(gou)完(wan)全(quan)滿(man)足阜城杏梅(mei)(mei)對光照的需求。
選擇土層(ceng)深厚(hou)、排水良好,沒有污染的沙壤(rang)土或(huo)壤(rang)土,不(bu)能重茬。
以阜(fu)城杏梅(mei)為栽培品種,選擇毛桃或山杏作為砧(zhen)木。
為(wei)保(bao)證阜城杏梅的(de)品質特色,應注重(zhong)以下生產環節的(de)管理:
①標準化建園(yuan):選用根系新鮮、苗干直立、無病蟲害、無機械損傷、芽體飽滿的一級苗,以(yi)杏樹(shu)(shu)做授粉樹(shu)(shu)、阜(fu)城杏梅與杏樹(shu)(shu)5~6:1的比例(li)進行(xing)配置,按照株行(xing)距2~3米×4~5米的標準進行(xing)栽植建園(yuan)。
②土(tu)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)管理:合(he)理施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)。一年追(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)三次,分(fen)別(bie)在萌芽前(qian)、幼果(guo)(guo)(guo)第一次膨(peng)大(da)期(qi)、果(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)第二(er)(er)次膨(peng)大(da)期(qi)分(fen)期(qi)施(shi)(shi)入,幼齡樹(shu)和結果(guo)(guo)(guo)樹(shu)的果(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)發育前(qian)期(qi),追(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)以(yi)氮(dan)磷(lin)(lin)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)為主(zhu),每(mei)(mei)667平方(fang)(fang)米追(zhui)施(shi)(shi)磷(lin)(lin)酸二(er)(er)銨(an)25千(qian)(qian)克,結果(guo)(guo)(guo)樹(shu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)發育后(hou)期(qi)以(yi)磷(lin)(lin)鉀肥(fei)(fei)(fei)為主(zhu),每(mei)(mei)667平方(fang)(fang)米追(zhui)施(shi)(shi)硫酸鉀20千(qian)(qian)克;結合(he)病蟲害防(fang)治葉面噴施(shi)(shi)0.3%~0.5%的磷(lin)(lin)酸二(er)(er)氫鉀3~4次;秋(qiu)施(shi)(shi)基(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)在果(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)采收后(hou)盡早施(shi)(shi)入,采取(qu)溝(gou)施(shi)(shi)的方(fang)(fang)式,每(mei)(mei)667平方(fang)(fang)米施(shi)(shi)用(yong)優質腐(fu)熟農(nong)家肥(fei)(fei)(fei)2~3噸,摻加磷(lin)(lin)酸二(er)(er)銨(an)15千(qian)(qian)克、尿素10千(qian)(qian)克、硅鈣鎂鉀肥(fei)(fei)(fei)50千(qian)(qian)克,充分(fen)混勻后(hou)施(shi)(shi)入。灌溉水(shui)(shui)管理。全年灌水(shui)(shui)4次,分(fen)別(bie)在萌芽前(qian)、果(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)第一次膨(peng)大(da)期(qi)、果(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)第二(er)(er)次膨(peng)大(da)期(qi)和秋(qiu)施(shi)(shi)基(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)后(hou)及時澆水(shui)(shui),灌水(shui)(shui)量(liang)以(yi)土(tu)壤含水(shui)(shui)量(liang)達到(dao)田(tian)間持水(shui)(shui)量(liang)的60%~80%為宜,多雨季節注意(yi)及時排(pai)澇。生(sheng)草覆蓋。提(ti)倡果(guo)(guo)(guo)園生(sheng)草,采取(qu)行間生(sheng)草、行內覆蓋的方(fang)(fang)式,生(sheng)草品種(zhong)可選擇黑麥(mai)草或紫花苜蓿,樹(shu)盤內覆蓋薄膜或防(fang)草布控草保墑,也可以(yi)實(shi)行自然生(sheng)草覆蓋。
③整(zheng)(zheng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)修(xiu)剪:樹(shu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)以小冠(guan)疏層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)形(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)紡錘(chui)(chui)形(xing)(xing)(xing)為主(zhu)(zhu)。小冠(guan)疏層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)形(xing)(xing)(xing)干(gan)(gan)高(gao)40~50厘(li)米(mi),樹(shu)高(gao)2.5~3米(mi),冠(guan)徑(jing)2.5~3米(mi),具(ju)有(you)中(zhong)央(yang)領(ling)導(dao)干(gan)(gan),全樹(shu)有(you)5~6個(ge)主(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),第(di)(di)(di)一層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)3個(ge)主(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),每(mei)主(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)側枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)2~3個(ge),第(di)(di)(di)二層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)1~2個(ge)主(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),每(mei)主(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)側枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)1~2個(ge),第(di)(di)(di)三層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)1個(ge)主(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),不(bu)留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)側枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)間(jian)距第(di)(di)(di)一、第(di)(di)(di)二層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)70厘(li)米(mi)左(zuo)(zuo)右,第(di)(di)(di)二、三層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)50厘(li)米(mi)左(zuo)(zuo)右;紡錘(chui)(chui)形(xing)(xing)(xing)干(gan)(gan)高(gao)60~70厘(li)米(mi),樹(shu)高(gao)2.5~3米(mi),中(zhong)干(gan)(gan)直(zhi)立強健(jian),在(zai)中(zhong)干(gan)(gan)上均(jun)勻培育10~15個(ge)主(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),角度(du)拉成(cheng)70~90度(du),向圓周伸展,不(bu)分(fen)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)次,均(jun)勻插空排列,主(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)單軸延(yan)伸不(bu)留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)側枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),上面(mian)直(zhi)接著生(sheng)(sheng)結(jie)果(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組(zu),下(xia)(xia)部(bu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)長(chang)(chang)1.5~2米(mi),中(zhong)部(bu)1~1.2米(mi),上部(bu)0.7米(mi)左(zuo)(zuo)右,相鄰兩個(ge)主(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)距離25厘(li)米(mi)左(zuo)(zuo)右,樹(shu)冠(guan)緊湊豐(feng)(feng)滿,外觀(guan)呈(cheng)紡錘(chui)(chui)形(xing)(xing)(xing)。修(xiu)剪與整(zheng)(zheng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)同步進行,在(zai)整(zheng)(zheng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)的基礎(chu)上,通過調光、調枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、調花(hua)(hua)(hua),調勢培養(yang)健(jian)壯、穩定(ding)、豐(feng)(feng)產的樹(shu)體(ti)結(jie)構。小型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)結(jie)果(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組(zu)培養(yang):利用平(ping)斜中(zhong)短(duan)(duan)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)緩(huan)(huan)放(fang),對(dui)(dui)直(zhi)立中(zhong)、短(duan)(duan)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)扣(kou)芽破頂(ding)促進成(cheng)花(hua)(hua)(hua),對(dui)(dui)細弱(ruo)(ruo)中(zhong)、長(chang)(chang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)短(duan)(duan)截(jie)(jie),促進分(fen)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)緩(huan)(huan)放(fang)成(cheng)花(hua)(hua)(hua),結(jie)果(guo)(guo)后(hou)(hou)再回縮,培養(yang)成(cheng)小型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組(zu);中(zhong)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)結(jie)果(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組(zu)培養(yang):對(dui)(dui)發育健(jian)壯的長(chang)(chang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)或徒(tu)長(chang)(chang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)先截(jie)(jie)后(hou)(hou)放(fang),促進分(fen)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),緩(huan)(huan)放(fang)后(hou)(hou)成(cheng)花(hua)(hua)(hua)結(jie)果(guo)(guo),連續(xu)分(fen)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)即形(xing)(xing)(xing)成(cheng)中(zhong)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)結(jie)果(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組(zu),對(dui)(dui)平(ping)斜下(xia)(xia)垂枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)輕剪,促生(sheng)(sheng)中(zhong)段枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),成(cheng)長(chang)(chang)結(jie)果(guo)(guo)后(hou)(hou)回縮,形(xing)(xing)(xing)成(cheng)中(zhong)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)結(jie)果(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組(zu);大型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)結(jie)果(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組(zu)培養(yang):對(dui)(dui)中(zhong)庸枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)或旺長(chang)(chang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)短(duan)(duan)截(jie)(jie),在(zai)選留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)延(yan)長(chang)(chang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)并(bing)不(bu)斷擴(kuo)大的同時,促生(sheng)(sheng)中(zhong)短(duan)(duan)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),然后(hou)(hou)去強留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)弱(ruo)(ruo)或去直(zhi)留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)斜,對(dui)(dui)留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)下(xia)(xia)的中(zhong)庸枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和(he)偏弱(ruo)(ruo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)“先輕剪緩(huan)(huan)放(fang),成(cheng)花(hua)(hua)(hua)結(jie)果(guo)(guo)后(hou)(hou)回縮”,即可培養(yang)成(cheng)大型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)結(jie)果(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組(zu)。
④花果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)管理。一是(shi)早(zao)春防(fang)凍害,可(ke)采(cai)取樹干涂白、花前(qian)灌(guan)水或(huo)根外噴施磷鉀(jia)肥(fei)(fei)等(deng)(deng)措施進(jin)(jin)行(xing)預防(fang);二是(shi)輔助授粉,可(ke)采(cai)取掛瓶插花枝、人工滾動(dong)雞(ji)毛撣(dan)、或(huo)利用蜜蜂或(huo)壁蜂等(deng)(deng)方法(fa)進(jin)(jin)行(xing);三是(shi)花期噴肥(fei)(fei),花期噴0.2%硼(peng)(peng)砂、謝花后噴0.2%硼(peng)(peng)砂+0.3%磷酸二氫鉀(jia),隔10天(tian)再噴1次;四是(shi)疏(shu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),第一次在落花后20天(tian)開(kai)始、5月中(zhong)(zhong)旬前(qian)完(wan)成(cheng),5~10厘米留一果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),疏(shu)去病(bing)蟲果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、小果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、畸形果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),每667平方米留果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)5~6萬個(ge),第二次在花后50~60天(tian)生(sheng)理落果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)后進(jin)(jin)行(xing),疏(shu)除密生(sheng)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、并生(sheng)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、病(bing)蟲果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)及枝摩葉掃(sao)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),樹冠(guan)中(zhong)(zhong)下部多(duo)留、上部及外圍少留,長果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝留3~4個(ge)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),中(zhong)(zhong)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝留2~3個(ge)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),短果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝留1個(ge)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),使果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實分(fen)布均勻,每667平方米留果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)量(liang)4.5~5萬個(ge)。總體掌握每667平方米產(chan)量(liang)2500~3000千克(ke)。
⑤病蟲(chong)害(hai)防(fang)(fang)治。阜城(cheng)杏(xing)(xing)梅的主(zhu)(zhu)要病蟲(chong)害(hai)為(wei)(wei)天牛、紅蜘(zhi)蛛(zhu)、卷葉蛾、介(jie)殼蟲(chong)和流(liu)膠(jiao)病,按(an)照“預(yu)防(fang)(fang)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)、綜合防(fang)(fang)治”的原則(ze),以(yi)農業和物理防(fang)(fang)治為(wei)(wei)基礎、生(sheng)物防(fang)(fang)治為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)、化學防(fang)(fang)治為(wei)(wei)輔(fu),全(quan)年噴(pen)藥5~7次。萌芽前后(hou)以(yi)防(fang)(fang)治紅蜘(zhi)蛛(zhu)、介(jie)殼蟲(chong)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu),可(ke)(ke)(ke)選噴(pen)3~5°Bé石(shi)硫合劑(ji)或者(zhe)1.8%苦參堿1000~1500倍(bei)+10%吡蟲(chong)啉4000~5000倍(bei)液組合;落花(hua)后(hou)以(yi)防(fang)(fang)治杏(xing)(xing)仁蜂、象(xiang)鼻(bi)蟲(chong)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu),可(ke)(ke)(ke)選噴(pen)4.5%高效氯氰菊酯乳(ru)油1500~2000倍(bei);4月下(xia)旬為(wei)(wei)防(fang)(fang)治卷葉蛾可(ke)(ke)(ke)噴(pen)25%滅(mie)幼脲3號懸浮劑(ji)1500~2000倍(bei);5月中(zhong)下(xia)旬以(yi)防(fang)(fang)治紅蜘(zhi)蛛(zhu)、介(jie)殼蟲(chong)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu),可(ke)(ke)(ke)噴(pen)1.8%阿(a)維菌素(su)乳(ru)油3000~4000倍(bei)。流(liu)膠(jiao)病可(ke)(ke)(ke)通過增施(shi)有機(ji)肥、不偏施(shi)化肥、保持中(zhong)庸樹勢等預(yu)防(fang)(fang),對產生(sheng)流(liu)膠(jiao)的樹可(ke)(ke)(ke)采取“刮涂封”法治療(liao)(liao),即先刮去膠(jiao)體和爛皮、再(zai)涂殺菌劑(ji)(5°Bé石(shi)硫合劑(ji)或生(sheng)石(shi)灰粉)進行保護和治療(liao)(liao),然(ran)后(hou)用薄(bo)膜封嚴傷口。
遠距(ju)離運(yun)輸(shu)可于(yu)6月下旬硬熟期采(cai)收(shou),近距(ju)離運(yun)輸(shu)可于(yu)7月上旬軟(ruan)熟期采(cai)收(shou)。采(cai)收(shou)時輕拿(na)輕放,防止扎、碰、壓、劃等(deng)機械損傷,保(bao)證(zheng)果實(shi)完(wan)好。
①分級包裝。阜城(cheng)(cheng)杏(xing)(xing)梅(mei)(mei)貯藏(zang)或外銷嚴格(ge)按標(biao)準等(deng)級分級,包裝用紙箱、箱板、果墊、包裝紙、膠帶紙均應(ying)清(qing)潔(jie)(jie)、無(wu)毒、無(wu)異味,箱體兩側留4~6個(ge)氣(qi)孔(kong),氣(qi)孔(kong)直徑(jing)15毫米左右,箱體應(ying)注(zhu)明商標(biao)、品(pin)種、產地(di)、重量。②貯藏(zang)。阜城(cheng)(cheng)杏(xing)(xing)梅(mei)(mei)應(ying)在恒(heng)溫氣(qi)調庫內貯藏(zang),注(zhu)意(yi)碼堆不得過高,剁間要(yao)留有通道。③運輸。運輸阜城(cheng)(cheng)杏(xing)(xing)梅(mei)(mei)的工具要(yao)清(qing)潔(jie)(jie)衛生(sheng),不能(neng)與有毒、有害、有異味的物品(pin)混裝,裝卸時(shi)要(yao)輕裝、輕放。
詳(xiang)細記錄阜(fu)城杏梅的生產地點、肥料名稱、施肥時(shi)間、施肥量(liang)、農(nong)藥名稱、施藥時(shi)間、施藥量(liang)、收獲日(ri)期等信息(xi)。
2020年4月30日,中華人民共和國農(nong)業(ye)農(nong)村部正式批準對“阜城杏梅”實(shi)施農(nong)產(chan)品地理標志登記保護。
2004年,阜城(cheng)縣杏梅(mei)(mei)面積達(da)6.94萬畝,年產量達(da)2.94萬噸,占全國(guo)杏梅(mei)(mei)市場份額的90%以上。
2020年,阜城杏梅生產規模(mo)200公頃,年產量(liang)0.8萬噸,占全國市(shi)場份額的95%以上(shang)。