孫中(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)紀念(nian)館,原(yuan)名藏(zang)經樓(lou)(lou)(lou),位于中(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)陵與(yu)靈(ling)谷(gu)寺之間的密(mi)林中(zhong)(zhong),是一座(zuo)仿清代喇嘛(ma)寺的古典建筑。主(zhu)(zhu)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)高(gao)20.8米,頂上蓋綠色琉璃瓦(wa),屋脊(ji)為(wei)黃色琉璃瓦(wa),正脊(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)央飾(shi)有紫銅回(hui)輪(lun)華蓋,梁、柱、額枋均飾(shi)以彩(cai)繪。樓(lou)(lou)(lou)內珍(zhen)藏(zang)孫中(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)先(xian)(xian)生(sheng)的經典著(zhu)作和奉(feng)安照(zhao)片等珍(zhen)貴史料。樓(lou)(lou)(lou)前廣場正中(zhong)(zhong)的花臺上豎有一尊高(gao)2.6米的孫中(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)先(xian)(xian)生(sheng)全身(shen)銅像。樓(lou)(lou)(lou)后有長達125米的碑廊,上刻(ke)孫中(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)先(xian)(xian)生(sheng)所(suo)著(zhu)“三(san)民主(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)”全文。
南京東(dong)部中(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)陵東(dong)、靈(ling)谷寺西的(de)(de)林海中(zhong)(zhong),溪(xi)流(liu)綠(lv)樹掩(yan)映(ying)著一(yi)座仿清喇嘛廟的(de)(de)古(gu)典建(jian)筑(zhu),它依山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)而(er)建(jian),氣勢(shi)恢宏,這(zhe)里就是(shi)保存展示(shi)一(yi)代偉人(ren)孫(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)中(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)先生史跡(ji)的(de)(de)博物館(guan)--孫(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)中(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)紀(ji)念(nian)(nian)館(guan)。孫(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)中(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)紀(ji)念(nian)(nian)館(guan)原(yuan)名(ming)藏經(jing)樓(lou),是(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)陵園(yuan)眾(zhong)(zhong)多紀(ji)念(nian)(nian)性建(jian)筑(zhu)之(zhi)一(yi),原(yuan)由中(zhong)(zhong)國佛(fo)教(jiao)會(hui)捐建(jian),初為(wei)收藏佛(fo)經(jing)所用。建(jian)筑(zhu)包(bao)括主樓(lou)、僧房(fang)和碑(bei)廊(lang)三個部分,面積達3000多平(ping)方米,由著名(ming)建(jian)筑(zhu)師盧奉璋設計,1936年冬竣工。來(lai)到孫(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)中(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)紀(ji)念(nian)(nian)館(guan),首先映(ying)入眼簾的(de)(de)是(shi)廣場中(zhong)(zhong)央石(shi)階上矗(chu)立的(de)(de)一(yi)座孫(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)中(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)全(quan)身(shen)銅(tong)像(xiang)(xiang)。這(zhe)尊銅(tong)像(xiang)(xiang)高(gao)2.9米,重(zhong)達一(yi)噸(dun)多,以孫(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)中(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)向民眾(zhong)(zhong)發表演說的(de)(de)姿勢(shi)為(wei)造型,氣勢(shi)磅(bang)礴,栩(xu)栩(xu)如(ru)生。這(zhe)尊銅(tong)像(xiang)(xiang)是(shi)孫(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)中(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)生前的(de)(de)日本友人(ren)梅(mei)屋(wu)莊(zhuang)吉贈送的(de)(de)。
藏(zang)經(jing)樓飽含歷史(shi)(shi)滄桑。抗戰(zhan)前(qian),藏(zang)經(jing)樓曾珍藏(zang)了一(yi)批珍貴(gui)文(wen)物和(he)佛經(jing),這(zhe)些文(wen)物和(he)佛經(jing)都是(shi)該樓落成(cheng)后(hou)(hou)各地佛教界人士贈送或薦(jian)送的(de)。抗戰(zhan)爆發后(hou)(hou),藏(zang)經(jing)樓遭到嚴重破(po)壞,僧房(fang)、碑廊毀于日(ri)軍炮火,文(wen)物與佛經(jing)也不知(zhi)去向。新中國建立后(hou)(hou),地方政府多次撥款(kuan),逐步修(xiu)建了主(zhu)樓、僧房(fang)和(he)碑廊。1986年(nian)11月,為紀念(nian)孫(sun)(sun)(sun)中山(shan)(shan)先生誕辰120周(zhou)(zhou)年(nian),在這(zhe)里舉辦了內容豐富的(de)孫(sun)(sun)(sun)中山(shan)(shan)先生史(shi)(shi)跡及著(zhu)作展覽(lan)。藏(zang)經(jing)樓首次接(jie)待了由港澳各界人士組成(cheng)的(de)大規模(mo)的(de)海外謁陵(ling)代表團及參加學(xue)(xue)術(shu)研討(tao)會的(de)專家學(xue)(xue)者(zhe)。孫(sun)(sun)(sun)中山(shan)(shan)先生的(de)親屬(shu)孫(sun)(sun)(sun)穗(sui)英(ying)、孫(sun)(sun)(sun)穗(sui)華、戴成(cheng)功(gong)及許許多多海內外知(zhi)名(ming)人士先后(hou)(hou)來此參觀,1987年(nian)5月7日(ri),南京市人民政府正式(shi)批準將藏(zang)經(jing)樓辟為"孫(sun)(sun)(sun)中山(shan)(shan)紀念(nian)館(guan)"。1989年(nian)5月30日(ri),在孫(sun)(sun)(sun)中山(shan)(shan)先生奉安60周(zhou)(zhou)年(nian)前(qian)夕(xi),該館(guan)正式(shi)對(dui)外開(kai)放。
孫中山紀(ji)念館位于中山陵(ling)與靈(ling)谷寺之間(jian)的(de)(de)茫(mang)茫(mang)林海中,是一(yi)座仿清代(dai)喇嘛(ma)寺的(de)(de)古(gu)典建筑。1934年中國佛教協(xie)會發起募(mu)建。
此(ci)樓專為收(shou)藏孫中(zhong)山(shan)先生的(de)物品而建,又名藏經(jing)樓。主要包括主樓、僧房和碑廊三部分,面積(ji)達(da)3000多平方米,現辟為孫中(zhong)山(shan)的(de)經(jing)典菱處(chu),還展出奉安(an)大典珍(zhen)貴史料。
主樓(lou)共三層(ceng),底層(ceng)為(wei)(wei)講經(jing)堂,并有夾樓(lou)聽(ting)座;二樓(lou)為(wei)(wei)藏經(jing)、閱經(jing)及研究室(shi);三樓(lou)為(wei)(wei)藏經(jing)室(shi)。
樓后回廊(lang)壁面鑲砌有(you)馮(feng)玉祥將軍(jun)捐贈的(de)“三民(min)主義”學說全文碑刻(ke)(ke),共6講138塊,計15萬5千余字。每講分別由當時(shi)的(de)書法(fa)家張(zhang)乃恭、陳天錫(xi)、連(lian)聲海、李啟琛等人書寫,是一組書刻(ke)(ke)俱佳的(de)珍(zhen)貴文物。
登上雄偉的(de)(de)中(zhong)山陵,向東(dong)眺望,在(zai)密林(lin)深處的(de)(de)萬頃綠浪中(zhong),有一座(zuo)金(jin)碧輝煌的(de)(de)古典建筑(zhu),猶如仙境中(zhong)的(de)(de)瓊樓玉宇,這就是南京孫中(zhong)山紀念(nian)館。
孫中山紀念(nian)館包(bao)括藏經(jing)樓(lou)、《三民(min)主義》碑(bei)廊、中山書院(yuan)等建(jian)筑。藏經(jing)樓(lou)是一座(zuo)中國傳統式建(jian)筑,包(bao)括主樓(lou)、僧房、碑(bei)廊,是抗戰前總(zong)理陵園(yuan)的紀念(nian)建(jian)筑之一,1938年抗日(ri)戰爭爆發,藏經(jing)樓(lou)主樓(lou)和《三民(min)主義》碑(bei)廊都(dou)遭到了不(bu)同程(cheng)度的破壞。
孫中山紀念館主樓(lou)前為一橢圓(yuan)形(xing)的廣場(chang),四周花木扶疏。廣場(chang)北側兩段石(shi)階(jie)上便是主樓(lou)。第一段石(shi)階(jie)正中矗(chu)立著孫中山先生銅像,銅像高2.6米,重一噸多,是孫中山先生的日本(ben)友人梅屋莊(zhuang)吉贈送(song)的。尊銅像曾矗(chu)立于新街口廣場(chang)的中央(yang),時間長達24年,為許(xu)多南京市民所熟悉(xi)。第二段石(shi)階(jie)平臺上置有一對(dui)銅鼎,系南京化學(xue)工業總公司于1989年開館之際捐贈。主樓(lou)是重檐(yan)歇山式宮(gong)殿建筑,挑檐(yan)飛角,氣勢不凡,檐(yan)脊(ji)覆黃色(se)琉璃瓦,主脊(ji)與垂脊(ji)以龍(long)鳳(feng)、獅(shi)頭吻合,脊(ji)頂中央(yang)飾(shi)紫銅回(hui)輪(lun)華(hua)蓋,梁、柱、額枋均飾(shi)以彩繪,整座(zuo)建筑雕(diao)梁畫棟(dong),金碧輝煌。
三樓正中懸有一方直額,上書“藏經樓”三字(zi),黑底金(jin)字(zi),為(wei)當代著名書法(fa)家(jia)武(wu)中奇手筆,大(da)門門楣橫匾上書有“孫中山紀(ji)念(nian)館”六個大(da)字(zi),這是已故全國政協副主(zhu)席(xi)、民(min)革中央名譽(yu)主(zhu)席(xi)屈武(wu)所書。
藏經樓(lou)外觀為三(san)層,中間還有一夾層,共四層。底層大(da)廳里連(lian)續不斷(duan)播放《總理奉安(an)大(da)典》資(zi)料錄像片(pian),這部錄像片(pian)是根據當(dang)年孫(sun)(sun)中山(shan)先生病逝、安(an)葬時(shi)拍攝的(de)實況影(ying)片(pian)錄制的(de),真實地再現了孫(sun)(sun)中山(shan)先生病逝、公(gong)祭(ji)、建(jian)陵、迎櫬和(he)奉安(an)的(de)全(quan)過程(cheng),有許(xu)多珍貴(gui)的(de)歷(li)史鏡頭。
大(da)廳(ting)的四(si)壁鑲(xiang)嵌著(zhu)孫中(zhong)山先生手書(shu)的《建國大(da)綱》全文巨匾。正面壁上(shang)鐫刻有胡漢民手書(shu)《總理遺(yi)囑》,兩側(ce)是孫中(zhong)山手書(shu)“人類進化,世(shi)界大(da)同”對聯。
三(san)樓室外回廊四壁設《永恒的紀念》大(da)(da)型圖片資(zi)料展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan),展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)示各國領導人及知名人士晉謁(ye)中山(shan)陵的歷史鏡頭。展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)櫥(chu)里則展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)出有關孫(sun)中山(shan)先生(sheng)的書籍。三(san)樓和(he)四樓是(shi)(shi)孫(sun)中山(shan)紀念館的主體陳列《孫(sun)中山(shan)先生(sheng)生(sheng)平(ping)事跡展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)》。共有五個展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)廳(ting),分為七(qi)個部分。展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)線長180米,展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)出歷史圖片共315幅,還(huan)有各種文物、模型近百(bai)件,展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)示了孫(sun)中山(shan)先生(sheng)偉(wei)大(da)(da)而(er)光(guang)輝的一生(sheng)。陳列設計(ji)新穎,制作精良,在(zai)陳列方法(fa)上(shang)(shang)采用聲、光(guang)、電等現代科技-T-段,大(da)(da)大(da)(da)增強了展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)出效果,特別(bie)是(shi)(shi)四樓結尾(wei)部分的大(da)(da)型電腦(nao)噴繪《世紀偉(wei)人》,生(sheng)動地詮釋了江澤(ze)民同(tong)志在(zai)黨(dang)的十五大(da)(da)報告中所闡(chan)述的從孫(sun)中山(shan)、毛澤(ze)東到鄧(deng)小(xiao)平(ping)20世紀三(san)位偉(wei)人在(zai)我國近現代歷史上(shang)(shang)所起(qi)的巨大(da)(da)作用,給人以深刻(ke)的啟示。
主樓(lou)后(hou)的(de)碑(bei)廊(lang)是國(guo)內(nei)罕見的(de)一座大型(xing)碑(bei)廊(lang)。碑(bei)廊(lang)長125米,左右對(dui)稱,中軸線(xian)上(shang)建有(you)僧房(fang)五間,兩翼(yi)有(you)回廊(lang)及碑(bei)亭二座相連。廊(lang)壁嵌有(you)馮(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)玉祥將(jiang)軍(jun)贈(zeng)送(song)(song)的(de)河南(nan)嵩(song)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)青(qing)石碑(bei)138塊。愛國(guo)將(jiang)軍(jun)馮(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)玉祥對(dui)孫(sun)(sun)中山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)先生十分崇敬(jing),早在(zai)(zai)1920年秋,馮(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)玉祥就(jiu)開(kai)始同孫(sun)(sun)中山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)聯(lian)系(xi),此(ci)后(hou),孫(sun)(sun)中山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)不斷地做馮(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)玉祥的(de)工作。1928年底,中山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)陵(ling)墓(mu)已(yi)即將(jiang)建成,陵(ling)園(yuan)(yuan)正在(zai)(zai)積極籌(chou)備(bei)孫(sun)(sun)中山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)安葬(zang)事宜,馮(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)玉祥通過孫(sun)(sun)科(ke)向孫(sun)(sun)中山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)葬(zang)事籌(chou)備(bei)處表(biao)示(shi),愿(yuan)意捐一批河南(nan)嵩(song)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)青(qing)碑(bei)石,在(zai)(zai)中山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)陵(ling)園(yuan)(yuan)鐫(juan)(juan)刻(ke)孫(sun)(sun)中lJJ的(de)《三(san)民主義(yi)》全文(wen),得到同意后(hou),他精心挑(tiao)選了(le)90多塊碑(bei)石,運(yun)到南(nan)京,準備(bei)鐫(juan)(juan)刻(ke)在(zai)(zai)中山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)陵(ling)正對(dui)面的(de)邵家山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)上(shang),并在(zai)(zai)那里建造(zao)一座13層的(de)紀念塔。1930年爆發了(le)蔣、馮(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)、閻的(de)中原大戰(zhan),馮(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)玉祥要在(zai)(zai)中山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)陵(ling)園(yuan)(yuan)邵家山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)刻(ke)碑(bei)建塔的(de)事也就(jiu)化為泡(pao)影。直(zhi)到1935年,中國(guo)佛教會在(zai)(zai)中山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)陵(ling)墓(mu)東側(ce)建造(zao)藏(zang)經樓(lou),這(zhe)批石碑(bei)才被用來(lai)在(zai)(zai)藏(zang)經樓(lou)后(hou)面建造(zao)了(le)一座碑(bei)廊(lang),鐫(juan)(juan)刻(ke)孫(sun)(sun)中山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)的(de)《三(san)民主義(yi)》全文(wen)。馮(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)玉祥所贈(zeng)送(song)(song)的(de)90多塊碑(bei)石不夠,又從河南(nan)嵩(song)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)選購(gou)了(le)40多塊碑(bei)石,精心鐫(juan)(juan)刻(ke)了(le)《三(san)民主義(yi)》全文(wen),共16講,15.5萬字,由民國(guo)時期14位書(shu)法家書(shu)寫(xie),全部是楷書(shu)陰刻(ke),風格(ge)各(ge)異,造(zao)詣精湛,堪(kan)稱當(dang)代書(shu)法藝術中的(de)精品,具(ju)有(you)很高的(de)欣賞價值。
由(you)北美安提瓜(gua)華人、香港意利輝投(tou)資(zi)有限公司董事長張(zhang)健先(xian)生、董事蔣明先(xian)生捐資(zi)興建的(de)中山書(shu)院于(yu)1995年3月12日(ri)孫中山先(xian)生逝世70周年紀(ji)念(nian)日(ri)落成,正(zheng)式向海內外開放,成為(wei)孫中山紀(ji)念(nian)館又一個重要組(zu)成部分。
中(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)書(shu)院(yuan)位于藏經樓(lou)西側,占地(di)2800平方米,樓(lou)外鋪以草坪,廣植各種(zhong)名(ming)花(hua)佳木(mu)。主樓(lou)為兩(liang)層(ceng)仿古建筑,整個(ge)建筑典雅秀麗(li),令人(ren)賞心悅(yue)目。書(shu)院(yuan)主要用于有關孫(sun)中(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)先生的(de)紀念活動、學術研(yan)究、文化交(jiao)流(liu)。樓(lou)下(xia)辟三個(ge)陳列(lie)展廳(ting)(ting),廳(ting)(ting)內展出(chu)黨和國(guo)家領導人(ren)及外國(guo)元首(shou)謁(ye)陵的(de)照(zhao)片(pian)及《孫(sun)中(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)著作(zuo)及學術研(yan)究成果展》。另在東廳(ting)(ting)還舉(ju)辦《中(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)陵收藏書(shu)畫(hua)精品展》,陳列(lie)中(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)陵園收藏的(de)著名(ming)書(shu)畫(hua)家林散之、蕭嫻、武中(zhong)(zhong)奇、費(fei)新我、黃養輝等人(ren)的(de)書(shu)畫(hua)精品。
辛(xin)亥(hai)革(ge)命名人(ren)(ren)蠟像(xiang)(xiang)館是孫中山紀念館下屬機(ji)構(gou)之一(yi),位于藏經樓東(dong)側有六(liu)百年歷史(shi)的靈谷公園無梁(liang)殿內,展出(chu)辛(xin)亥(hai)革(ge)命前后(hou)57位名人(ren)(ren)蠟像(xiang)(xiang)。這些(xie)蠟像(xiang)(xiang)組成22組場景,形象生(sheng)動地反映了(le)辛(xin)亥(hai)革(ge)命前后(hou)重大(da)歷史(shi)事件(jian),展現了(le)辛(xin)亥(hai)革(ge)命的歷史(shi)風(feng)貌。蠟像(xiang)(xiang)按真(zhen)人(ren)(ren)大(da)小(xiao)1:1制(zhi)作(zuo),造型(xing)準確,形態逼真(zhen)。
孫(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)紀(ji)(ji)念(nian)館(guan)(guan)在史(shi)料(liao)陳列、文史(shi)研究和(he)館(guan)(guan)際(ji)交(jiao)流(liu)等方(fang)面(mian)取得(de)了(le)不少的成績,先(xian)后(hou)出(chu)版(ban)了(le)《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)陵(ling)檔案史(shi)料(liao)選編》、《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)陵(ling)園史(shi)話》、《民國名人與(yu)(yu)(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)陵(ling)》、《孫(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)手書碑刻》、《吳敬恒碑刻》等,并刊出(chu)《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)陵(ling)文史(shi)信息》與(yu)(yu)(yu)各地同(tong)行交(jiao)流(liu)。孫(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)紀(ji)(ji)念(nian)館(guan)(guan)與(yu)(yu)(yu)海內外孫(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、宋(song)慶齡紀(ji)(ji)念(nian)地建(jian)立了(le)廣泛交(jiao)流(liu)和(he)合作關(guan)系,每(mei)年都要舉辦大型(xing)聯誼活動(dong)并進行學(xue)術交(jiao)流(liu),還與(yu)(yu)(yu)臺(tai)灣國父(fu)紀(ji)(ji)念(nian)館(guan)(guan)、日本神戶(hu)孫(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)紀(ji)(ji)念(nian)館(guan)(guan)建(jian)立了(le)聯系和(he)交(jiao)流(liu)。孫(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)紀(ji)(ji)念(nian)館(guan)(guan)是中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)陵(ling)園景色較佳處(chu)之(zhi)一,鶯飛草長的江南三月(yue),梅花、杏花、桃花、茶花次(ci)第開放,這里(li)花團錦簇(cu),暗(an)香浮動(dong),美(mei)不勝(sheng)收;七月(yue)流(liu)火(huo),這里(li)濃(nong)蔭匝地,溪水潺潺,悠(you)長的蟬鳴伴著徐(xu)徐(xu)清風給人們(men)帶來無與(yu)(yu)(yu)倫比(bi)的愜意(yi);到了(le)桂子飄香的金秋(qiu),坐落在萬(wan)株桂園中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的紀(ji)(ji)念(nian)館(guan)(guan)香氣襲人,使人們(men)久久徜徉,不忍離去(qu),更有(you)那深秋(qiu),似(si)火(huo)的楓林,頓使您吟出(chu)“停車坐愛楓林晚(wan),霜葉紅于(yu)二月(yue)花”的佳句;而瑞雪后(hou)的孫(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)紀(ji)(ji)念(nian)館(guan)(guan),白雪皚(ai)皚(ai),銀裝(zhuang)素裹,則令游人更有(you)一番(fan)情趣。
公交9路(lu)、游(you)1路(lu)、游(you)2、游(you)3路(lu)可(ke)到(dao)達。中山陵園內有(you)旅游(you)小火車可(ke)以到(dao)達,或(huo)可(ke)以租用陵園內的8-10座的電瓶車。
抗(kang)(kang)戰(zhan)勝利后(hou)(hou)(hou),當(dang)時的(de)(de)國(guo)父陵(ling)園管理委(wei)(wei)員會曾(ceng)(ceng)打算修復(fu)這(zhe)座宮殿(dian)建筑,還把藏(zang)經(jing)(jing)樓(lou)列入應修復(fu)六(liu)項工程之一(yi)(yi),但由于(yu)國(guo)民黨在(zai)內戰(zhan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)迅速潰敗,國(guo)父陵(ling)園僅對(dui)主樓(lou)作了(le)(le)一(yi)(yi)些(xie)小的(de)(de)維(wei)(wei)修。新(xin)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)成立后(hou)(hou)(hou),南(nan)京(jing)(jing)市(shi)人(ren)民政府曾(ceng)(ceng)于(yu)1955年(nian)撥(bo)款對(dui)主樓(lou)加(jia)以維(wei)(wei)修,一(yi)(yi)度(du)辟為江蘇省國(guo)畫院,當(dang)時,一(yi)(yi)些(xie)書畫名(ming)家曾(ceng)(ceng)來(lai)此作畫。“文革”中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),這(zhe)座隱蔽(bi)于(yu)密林中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)宮殿(dian)建筑也沒有逃過(guo)(guo)劫難,再次(ci)遭到(dao)(dao)人(ren)為的(de)(de)破壞。碑(bei)廊(lang)殘存的(de)(de)碑(bei)文竟(jing)被全(quan)部鑿毀(hui)。十年(nian)浩劫過(guo)(guo)去,黨和政府對(dui)藏(zang)經(jing)(jing)樓(lou)的(de)(de)修復(fu)給予高度(du)重視,省、市(shi)領(ling)導(dao)人(ren)多(duo)次(ci)親(qin)臨藏(zang)經(jing)(jing)樓(lou)指導(dao)修復(fu)工作,解決(jue)具(ju)體問題(ti)。從1982年(nian)到(dao)(dao)1989年(nian),國(guo)家和地方先后(hou)(hou)(hou)撥(bo)款200多(duo)萬(wan)元修復(fu)了(le)(le)主樓(lou),重建了(le)(le)碑(bei)廊(lang)和僧房。1985年(nian)3月12日,藏(zang)經(jing)(jing)樓(lou)主樓(lou)修復(fu)后(hou)(hou)(hou),辟為孫(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)紀(ji)念館對(dui)外試(shi)行開放。隨后(hou)(hou)(hou),經(jing)(jing)過(guo)(guo)兩年(nian)的(de)(de)準(zhun)備(bei),1989年(nian)6月1日,孫(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)奉安中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)陵(ling)60周年(nian)之際,孫(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)紀(ji)念館正(zheng)式對(dui)外開放。1989年(nian),中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)陵(ling)園管理局又撥(bo)款200萬(wan)元,對(dui)紀(ji)念館的(de)(de)陳列進行了(le)(le)全(quan)面改造,整修一(yi)(yi)新(xin)的(de)(de)紀(ji)念館不(bu)僅充(chong)實(shi)了(le)(le)內容,外觀(guan)也變得更(geng)為絢麗多(duo)姿。抗(kang)(kang)戰(zhan)前,南(nan)京(jing)(jing)民眾出于(yu)對(dui)孫(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)的(de)(de)崇敬(jing),曾(ceng)(ceng)要求在(zai)南(nan)京(jing)(jing)的(de)(de)市(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)新(xin)街口廣(guang)場(chang)上(shang)豎一(yi)(yi)尊(zun)孫(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)銅(tong)(tong)像(xiang)(xiang)。當(dang)時的(de)(de)南(nan)京(jing)(jing)市(shi)政府也曾(ceng)(ceng)計(ji)(ji)劃(hua)另鑄一(yi)(yi)尊(zun),后(hou)(hou)(hou)來(lai)因為抗(kang)(kang)戰(zhan)爆發(fa),這(zhe)一(yi)(yi)計(ji)(ji)劃(hua)未能實(shi)現。1942年(nian)11月,孫(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)誕辰(chen)72周年(nian)前夕(xi),汪(wang)精衛為了(le)(le)籠絡民心(xin),粉飾自己的(de)(de)賣國(guo)罪行,將中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央軍(jun)校內的(de)(de)這(zhe)尊(zun)孫(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)銅(tong)(tong)像(xiang)(xiang)移到(dao)(dao)新(xin)街口廣(guang)場(chang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin),從此,這(zhe)尊(zun)銅(tong)(tong)像(xiang)(xiang)在(zai)新(xin)街口廣(guang)場(chang)度(du)過(guo)(guo)24個春(chun)秋。1966年(nian)“文革”期間,一(yi)(yi)些(xie)無知的(de)(de)紅(hong)衛兵(bing)竟(jing)要砸毀(hui)新(xin)街口廣(guang)場(chang)上(shang)的(de)(de)孫(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)銅(tong)(tong)像(xiang)(xiang)。南(nan)京(jing)(jing)市(shi)委(wei)(wei)根據周總理的(de)(de)指示,把銅(tong)(tong)像(xiang)(xiang)運到(dao)(dao)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)陵(ling)保存。1968年(nian)6月,又移到(dao)(dao)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)陵(ling)廣(guang)場(chang)南(nan)面的(de)(de)孝經(jing)(jing)鼎石座上(shang)。
孫中山紀念館
孫中山紀念館
1985年3月12日是(shi)(shi)孫(sun)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)先生逝(shi)世(shi)60周年紀(ji)念日,修(xiu)葺一(yi)(yi)新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)藏經(jing)樓已決定(ding)辟為(wei)(wei)孫(sun)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)紀(ji)念館。主(zhu)樓外觀為(wei)(wei)三(san)層(ceng),實際中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)還有(you)一(yi)(yi)層(ceng)夾層(ceng)。底層(ceng)為(wei)(wei)大(da)(da)(da)(da)廳(ting),大(da)(da)(da)(da)廳(ting)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央矗立(li)一(yi)(yi)座孫(sun)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)先生半身(shen)銅(tong)像(xiang),神態(tai)逼真(zhen)。這(zhe)(zhe)尊(zun)孫(sun)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)銅(tong)像(xiang)是(shi)(shi)由(you)著名雕塑(su)家(jia)戴(dai)廣文(wen)(wen)創作,南(nan)京晨光集團公(gong)司鑄造。大(da)(da)(da)(da)廳(ting)正面壁(bi)上是(shi)(shi)陰(yin)(yin)刻(ke)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)胡漢民手書(shu)《總理遺囑》巨(ju)幅匾(bian)額,兩側(ce)對聯是(shi)(shi)孫(sun)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)手書(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“人(ren)(ren)類進(jin)化,世(shi)界大(da)(da)(da)(da)同”,藍底金(jin)字,隸(li)書(shu)陰(yin)(yin)刻(ke)。大(da)(da)(da)(da)廳(ting)四壁(bi)嵌掛(gua)著反(fan)映孫(sun)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)從事革(ge)命(ming)(ming)活動的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“出(chu)國(guo)(guo)宣(xuan)傳”、“商討(tao)革(ge)命(ming)(ming)”、“振(zhen)聾(long)發聵”、“討(tao)袁護國(guo)(guo)”四幅大(da)(da)(da)(da)型木(mu)刻(ke)浮(fu)雕,每幅浮(fu)雕高2.5米(mi),寬2米(mi)。浮(fu)雕人(ren)(ren)物(wu)呈象牙白色(se),底色(se)為(wei)(wei)木(mu)質(zhi)本(ben)色(se),整個(ge)畫(hua)面在質(zhi)樸中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)透(tou)出(chu)歷史氣勢,輝映著大(da)(da)(da)(da)廳(ting)莊嚴(yan)、肅穆的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氣氛。二樓是(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)座走馬樓,四周有(you)回(hui)廊,可憑欄俯視底層(ceng)大(da)(da)(da)(da)廳(ting)。回(hui)廊北壁(bi)為(wei)(wei)長12米(mi)、高1.8米(mi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)(da)(da)型木(mu)匾(bian),鐫(juan)刻(ke)孫(sun)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)先生-T--書(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)《建國(guo)(guo)大(da)(da)(da)(da)綱(gang)》全(quan)(quan)文(wen)(wen),這(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)(shi)孫(sun)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)先生對中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)革(ge)命(ming)(ming)和建設(she)畢生實踐經(jing)驗的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)總結(jie)。木(mu)匾(bian)底色(se)為(wei)(wei)寶藍色(se),金(jin)字陰(yin)(yin)刻(ke)。另三(san)面壁(bi)上懸掛(gua)反(fan)映孫(sun)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)革(ge)命(ming)(ming)生涯的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)ll幅油(you)畫(hua)。這(zhe)(zhe)些(xie)油(you)畫(hua),以(yi)孫(sun)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)領(ling)導和發動的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)民主(zhu)革(ge)命(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歷史為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)線,選擇重大(da)(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歷史事件,刻(ke)畫(hua)了(le)光耀中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)杰出(chu)歷史人(ren)(ren)物(wu),反(fan)映了(le)風起云涌的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)群眾(zhong)(zhong)革(ge)命(ming)(ming)運動,給(gei)觀眾(zhong)(zhong)以(yi)深(shen)刻(ke)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)啟示(shi)和教(jiao)育(yu)。 十年動亂中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),三(san)民主(zhu)義碑(bei)廊的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)碑(bei)文(wen)(wen)遭到(dao)人(ren)(ren)為(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)破壞。1986年11月,經(jing)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)文(wen)(wen)物(wu)局(ju)批準修(xiu)復(fu)碑(bei)廊,由(you)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央財政部撥款,省市(shi)各(ge)方(fang)面專家(jia)共同研(yan)究修(xiu)復(fu)方(fang)案(an),根(gen)據南(nan)京市(shi)檔案(an)局(ju)所保存的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)碑(bei)刻(ke)原(yuan)文(wen)(wen)及拓本(ben),逐一(yi)(yi)按原(yuan)樣重刻(ke)。到(dao)1989年3月12日孫(sun)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)逝(shi)世(shi)64周年前(qian)夕(xi)全(quan)(quan)部竣工,1991年并進(jin)一(yi)(yi)步將全(quan)(quan)部碑(bei)刻(ke)鑲(xiang)配玻璃框,加以(yi)妥善(shan)保護。
孝經鼎
孝經(jing)鼎位于中(zhong)山陵廣(guang)場(chang)南端的正(zheng)中(zhong),是(shi)由戴(dai)季陶和中(zhong)山大(da)學(xue)師生捐建的。因為鼎內(nei)有六角形銅(tong)碑,上刻戴(dai)季陶母(mu)親黃(huang)氏(shi)所(suo)書寫(xie)的《孝經(jing)》全文,所(suo)以稱為孝經(jing)鼎。
孝經鼎(ding)由張鏞森設計,金陵兵(bing)工廠(今南(nan)京晨光(guang)集團公司)于1932年鑄造,造價1.3萬元。高約4.25米,腹徑1.21米,重約1萬斤。銅鼎(ding)外觀為(wei)圓形,三(san)足二耳,由三(san)節構成,可以拆卸(xie)開來(lai)。鼎(ding)壁的(de)一面(mian)鑄有“智(zhi)、仁、勇”三(san)字,這是孫中山對革命軍人的(de)要求,他要求革命軍人必須區(qu)別于一切為(wei)軍閥賣命的(de)舊式軍人。
音樂臺
音樂臺(tai)(tai)(tai)位于(yu)中山陵以(yi)(yi)南,由(you)美國三(san)藩(fan)市(舊(jiu)金山)華僑與(yu)遼寧省政府(fu)捐(juan)款(kuan)建(jian)(jian)造。關頌(song)聲(sheng)、楊廷寶設(she)計,利源公(gong)司承(cheng)建(jian)(jian)。1932后秋天動工,次年(nian)夏天落成。占地(di)4200多平(ping)方米,造價9.5萬元。音樂臺(tai)(tai)(tai)的(de)(de)全部建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu),以(yi)(yi)鋼筋混凝土為(wei)材料。它(ta)的(de)(de)平(ping)面為(wei)半圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing),圓(yuan)(yuan)心處(chu)建(jian)(jian)造舞臺(tai)(tai)(tai),臺(tai)(tai)(tai)高3.3米。臺(tai)(tai)(tai)背部建(jian)(jian)弧(hu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)大壁,以(yi)(yi)匯集音浪。照壁長(chang)(chang)22米,寬13.3米,用(yong)水泥(ni)(ni)假石(shi)(shi)鑲面。壁頂端雕回龍花(hua)紋,回紋下(xia)有(you)石(shi)(shi)獸(shou)(shou)頭三(san)具,內(nei)導水管,水由(you)獸(shou)(shou)石(shi)(shi)噴出,成弧(hu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)射線,注入臺(tai)(tai)(tai)下(xia)池(chi)中,景象十分(fen)動人。臺(tai)(tai)(tai)前邊緣有(you)三(san)層波紋形(xing)(xing)(xing)層梯。臺(tai)(tai)(tai)下(xia)緊圍前沿,有(you)一汪月(yue)牙形(xing)(xing)(xing)蓮花(hua)池(chi),池(chi)底有(you)伏泉,水甚清澈,終年(nian)不涸。池(chi)前依坡就勢,修(xiu)整(zheng)成以(yi)(yi)50米為(wei)半徑的(de)(de)半圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)盆狀大草(cao)坪(ping),放射形(xing)(xing)(xing)直(zhi)道(dao)與(yu)半圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)圈道(dao)使之分(fen)割(ge)成12塊(kuai)小扇(shan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)草(cao)坪(ping),作為(wei)聽眾(zhong)席,可容納3000余名觀眾(zhong)。沿草(cao)坪(ping)外緣繞(rao)以(yi)(yi)鋼筋水泥(ni)(ni)回廊(lang),廊(lang)長(chang)(chang)150米,寬6米,上(shang)架(jia)花(hua)棚(peng),紫(zi)藤攀緣,下(xia)置石(shi)(shi)凳,供游人坐憩。音樂臺(tai)(tai)(tai)整(zheng)個建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)與(yu)周圍環境和諧統一,建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)精美,是中山陵重(zhong)要的(de)(de)紀念性建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)之一,現(xian)已成為(wei)南京市普及高雅藝術(shu)的(de)(de)首選陣(zhen)地(di)。
流徽榭
流(liu)徽榭建于中山(shan)陵二道溝(gou)筑壩蓄水的人工湖之上,俗稱中山(shan)陵水榭。
這座(zuo)優美的亭子,是當時的陵(ling)園工(gong)程師顧文鈺設(she)計的,造價1.1萬元,由中央陸軍軍官學校(xiao)捐建(jian),1932年冬天落成。
流(liu)徽榭(xie)(xie)長14米,寬10米,頂為卷棚式,蓋乳(ru)白色(se)琉璃(li)瓦(wa),紅色(se)立柱。全部建筑(zhu)為鋼筋水(shui)泥鑄筑(zhu),十(shi)分堅固。亭(ting)(ting)的(de)(de)四周圍有(you)(you)1米高(gao)的(de)(de)欄桿,游(you)人可在此憑欄眺望紫金(jin)山(shan)的(de)(de)湖光(guang)山(shan)色(se)。亭(ting)(ting)內地面(mian)鑲有(you)(you)八(ba)角形紅色(se)小磁(ci)磚,亭(ting)(ting)中(zhong)設有(you)(you)水(shui)泥座欄,供游(you)人坐憩。整個亭(ting)(ting)子三面(mian)環水(shui),只有(you)(you)南面(mian)有(you)(you)石階與駁岸相接(jie)。流(liu)徽榭(xie)(xie)是(shi)紫金(jin)山(shan)下一處風光(guang)綺麗的(de)(de)景(jing)點,這里山(shan)青水(shui)秀(xiu),湖平如鏡(jing),乳(ru)白色(se)的(de)(de)水(shui)榭(xie)(xie)倒映入(ru)湖,襯以綠樹藍天(tian),構成一幅夢(meng)幻般的(de)(de)畫面(mian),沁人心(xin)脾(pi),是(shi)游(you)人攝影、作畫的(de)(de)理想之所。
“流徽榭(xie)”三字楷書匾額,由(you)黃(huang)埔軍(jun)校第(di)一期學(xue)生徐向前元帥(shuai)題(ti)寫。
光化亭
光(guang)(guang)化(hua)亭坐落于中山(shan)(shan)陵(ling)陵(ling)墓廣(guang)場東側的(de)小山(shan)(shan)丘之(zhi)頂,是一(yi)座由(you)海(hai)外廣(guang)大華僑為紀念孫中山(shan)(shan)先生捐款所建(jian)的(de)石亭,是陵(ling)園眾多紀念性(xing)建(jian)筑較(jiao)為精(jing)美的(de)。它通(tong)體灰白,高雅莊(zhuang)重。光(guang)(guang)化(hua)亭為八角形,高12.2米。亭下(xia)兩層平(ping)臺(tai),下(xia)層平(ping)臺(tai)基邊(bian)長22米,上層平(ping)臺(tai),對邊(bian)距12.6米。亭有(you)(you)圓(yuan)形柱(zhu)12根,外圈8根,內圈4根,內圈沿柱(zhu)設(she)有(you)(you)石凳(deng)。光(guang)(guang)化(hua)亭由(you)建(jian)筑學家(jia)劉敦楨設(she)計(ji),全部用巨大的(de)福(fu)(fu)建(jian)花崗石建(jian)造,福(fu)(fu)建(jian)著名(ming)雕(diao)刻鋪蔣源成石廠(chang)承(cheng)建(jian)。850噸石料經過石匠們的(de)精(jing)心(xin)雕(diao)鑿,不施一(yi)根鐵釘、一(yi)塊木片(pian),將屋脊(ji)、屋面、檐椽(chuan)、斗拱、梁柱(zhu)、雀(que)替、藻(zao)井(jing)等(deng)裝(zhuang)飾部件(jian),巧妙組合(he)成這座中國(guo)傳統的(de)八角形石亭。
行健亭
行健亭是陵園一座(zuo)紀念性建筑,由(you)廣(guang)州(zhou)市政(zheng)府捐款所建,著名建筑師趙深設(she)計,王競記營造廠承建,1933年夏落成。
行(xing)健(jian)(jian)亭(ting)(ting)為(wei)方形(xing),邊長為(wei)9.3米(mi)(mi),高12米(mi)(mi),重(zhong)檐攢尖頂(ding)。亭(ting)(ting)的每個角有(you)4根(gen)支柱(zhu),4個角共16根(gen)柱(zhu),均飾以紅漆(qi)。行(xing)健(jian)(jian)亭(ting)(ting)為(wei)鋼筋水泥(ni)構筑,外形(xing)美觀,堅固實用。亭(ting)(ting)內橫梁、額枋、藻(zao)井、雀(que)替都飾以彩(cai)繪,兩重(zhong)亭(ting)(ting)頂(ding)均覆(fu)以藍(lan)色(se)(se)琉璃瓦(wa)。在萬綠叢中的行(xing)健(jian)(jian)亭(ting)(ting),恰如一(yi)枚(mei)彩(cai)色(se)(se)斑(ban)斕的明珠,光彩(cai)熠熠,生輝不已(yi)。
行健亭(ting)四周,設有水泥欄桿,高40厘米,可供游人坐憩。這(zhe)里是(shi)中山(shan)(shan)陵(ling)陵(ling)墓大道(dao)與明(ming)陵(ling)路相接之處。凡到此的游人,無論是(shi)到中山(shan)(shan)陵(ling),或是(shi)前(qian)往(wang)明(ming)孝陵(ling),都已是(shi)頗感(gan)勞累(lei),亟思覓一坐處暫憩片(pian)刻了(le)。見(jian)了(le)此亭(ting),自然進來略坐片(pian)時,消除(chu)疲乏。古人云:“天行健,君子自強不(bu)息(xi)。” 行健亭(ting)以(yi)此命名,是(shi)較好不(bu)過的了(le)。