鐘亭大鐘
位(wei)于公(gong)園中心偏西。大(da)(da)鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)紫銅澆(jiao)鑄(zhu),高(gao)3.65米,口徑2.3米,底邊厚0.17米,重(zhong)23000公(gong)斤。鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)頂鑄(zhu)陽(yang)紋蓮瓣一(yi)(yi)周,提梁(liang)(liang)(liang)飾以(yi)云紋和波浪紋,鑄(zhu)有(you)“洪(hong)武二十一(yi)(yi)年(1388)九(jiu)月吉日(ri)鑄(zhu)”銘(ming)文(wen)。造(zao)型精美(mei),聲音宏亮,數(shu)里可(ke)聞。原鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)樓(lou)(lou)懸二鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),清康熙年問鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)樓(lou)(lou)倒塌,二鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)墜(zhui)地(di)一(yi)(yi)立一(yi)(yi)臥,立者咸豐年間被毀(hui)。大(da)(da)鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)亭(ting)(ting)重(zhong)檐六角攢(zan)尖頂,灰筒瓦屋(wu)面,以(yi)六根鐵(tie)(tie)柱支(zhi)撐(cheng),高(gao)14.5米,上(shang)架六角交(jiao)叉鐵(tie)(tie)梁(liang)(liang)(liang),大(da)(da)鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)懸于梁(liang)(liang)(liang)下(xia)。鐵(tie)(tie)柱鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)亭(ting)(ting)由“金(jin)陵(ling)機(ji)器局”(今晨光機(ji)械廠前(qian)身)制造(zao)。”柱上(shang)鑄(zhu)有(you)銘(ming)文(wen)。大(da)(da)鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)亭(ting)(ting)與鼓樓(lou)(lou)成犄角之勢,地(di)處(chu)市中心,一(yi)(yi)鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)一(yi)(yi)鼓,晨鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)暮鼓,適得其所。鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)亭(ting)(ting)與大(da)(da)鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)列為新評“金(jin)陵(ling)四十景”之一(yi)(yi),名“古亭(ting)(ting)晨鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)”。
三姑殿
位于公(gong)園北隅。鑄大鐘,以明(ming)代技術條件(jian)極不(bu)易(yi),因而人們編造出一個動人的傳說悲劇,說朱元璋(zhang)限期(qi)鑄大鐘,違(wei)者(zhe)(zhe)誅殺,工匠久鑄不(bu)成(cheng),眼看限期(qi)將(jiang)至,紛(fen)紛(fen)逃匿,被監(jian)吏追回者(zhe)(zhe)加罪(zui)懲處,并押至冶練爐(lu)(lu)前限當(dang)日鑄成(cheng),工匠個個愁眉(mei)不(bu)展(zhan),忽(hu)見一工匠3個女兒到來,并齊躍(yue)入爐(lu)(lu)中,爐(lu)(lu)口頓(dun)時噴射出萬丈(zhang)烈焰,銅液很快凝固(gu),終(zhong)鑄成(cheng)鐘。為此,后人有(you)把(ba)此鐘稱神鐘者(zhe)(zhe),并于此建(jian)三(san)姑(gu)廟,以祀(si)之,對聯日:“三(san)妹(mei)孝義垂青史,千斛(hu)鏗鐘聲白門(men)”。傳說二月(yue)十九、六月(yue)十九、九月(yue)十九為三(san)個姑(gu)娘生日,每屆此時亭后三(san)姑(gu)殿內,香火熾熱。
大鐘亭(ting)公園(yuan)位于(yu)鼓樓廣場東北,大鐘亭(ting)路1號,總面(mian)積5500平(ping)方米,噴(pen)泉水面(mian)60平(ping)方米,綠地率65.45%。園(yuan)以大鐘亭(ting)得名(ming)。系市屬文化園(yuan)林。
明(ming)洪武二(er)(er)十八(ba)年(nian)(1395)《洪武京城(cheng)圖志》標(biao)明(ming)鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)樓(lou)位于鼓樓(lou)西。民(min)國《首都志》載(zai):“碑樓(lou)(鼓樓(lou))旁為(wei)倒鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)廠,有明(ming)鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)二(er)(er),鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)樓(lou)中故物也。”《南(nan)京小志》載(zai):“大鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)亭(ting),在鼓樓(lou)東側,俗稱(cheng)倒鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)廠。”
《南都都察(cha)院(yuan)志》載(zai):“鐘(zhong)樓(lou)原在坐子鋪(pu),建于明洪武(wu)十(shi)五(wu)年(1382),樓(lou)上(shang)懸鳴(ming)鐘(zhong)一口(kou),洪武(wu)二十(shi)四(si)年(1391)四(si)月二十(shi)日,鑄造立(li)鐘(zhong)一口(kou)于樓(lou)前,洪武(wu)二十(shi)五(wu)年(1392)十(shi)二月十(shi)四(si)日,造臥鐘(zhong)一口(kou)于府軍衛后(hou)崗。
到(dao)了清康熙年(nian)間,鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)樓倒(dao)塌(ta),鳴鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、立鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)皆(jie)毀,惟獨臥(wo)鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)尚仔,半陷于(yu)土中,俗(su)稱倒(dao)鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)廠(臥(wo)鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)鑄造日期與現存大鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)銘文有誤)。
光緒十五年(1889)由江(jiang)寧布政使許(xu)振?在(zai)此(ci)建亭(ting)懸(xuan)掛,稱(cheng)鐵(tie)柱亭(ting)(大鐘(zhong)亭(ting))。門首(shou)“元音再起”匾(bian)額已不存(cun)。由上所述,民國(guo)時(shi)期的大鐘(zhong)亭(ting)俗稱(cheng)倒鐘(zhong)廠,并非原鐘(zhong)樓所在(zai)地(坐(zuo)子鋪)。
大鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)亭位于南(nan)京市中心(xin)鼓樓廣場東北(bei)角,明洪(hong)武15年(1382年),建(jian)(jian)了一(yi)座鼓樓和(he)一(yi)座鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)樓,當時有(you)兩(liang)只鳴鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。清咸豐年時,被(bei)毀(hui)一(yi)只。清末江(jiang)寧藩臺許(xu)振韋(wei)將尚存的(de)一(yi)只鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)移至(zhi)現(xian)址,并撥(bo)款建(jian)(jian)了一(yi)座鐵梁鐵柱(zhu)的(de)六角亭來懸掛,即(ji)大鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)亭。鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)為紫銅澆鑄,鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)高4.27米(mi)(mi),上刻有(you)“洪(hong)武21年9月4日鑄”銘文。鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)高19.60米(mi)(mi)。
大鐘(zhong)亭(ting),亭(ting)中懸(xuan)洪武(wu)一(yi)二(er)(er)十一(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1388年(nian)(nian)(nian))鑄(zhu)造(zao)的紫銅鳴鐘(zhong)一(yi)只(zhi)。此(ci)鐘(zhong)原懸(xuan)于金川門內的鐘(zhong)樓。洪武(wu)二(er)(er)十五年(nian)(nian)(nian),又鑄(zhu)造(zao)臥鐘(zhong),清康熙年(nian)(nian)(nian)間此(ci)處(chu)遭(zao)毀,鐘(zhong)墜(zhui)道旁,半(ban)陷(xian)土(tu)中。清末移(yi)至此(ci),并建此(ci)鐵梁(liang)(liang)鐵柱的六角亭(ting),將明(ming)代臥鐘(zhong)懸(xuan)掛,即"大鐘(zhong)亭(ting)"。大鐘(zhong)質精形美,聲音洪亮,頂部凸鑄(zhu)蓮花瓣紋一(yi)周,提梁(liang)(liang)上(shang)飾以云紋和波浪式卷(juan)角,鐘(zhong)上(shang)有“洪武(wu)二(er)(er)十九年(nian)(nian)(nian)吉日鑄(zhu)”銘(ming)文。
大鐘亭位于南京市(shi)(shi)中心鼓樓廣(guang)場(chang)東(dong)北角,是省級文(wen)物保(bao)護單位,被列為(wei)新評《金陵四(si)十景(jing)》之(zhi)首(shou),即(ji)“古(gu)亭晨鐘”。有著悠久的名勝古(gu)跡,又地處市(shi)(shi)中心鬧市(shi)(shi)區(qu),公園原現狀卻不(bu)盡如(ru)人意。公園共有1700平方米(mi),其中建筑(zhu)(zhu)有658平方米(mi)。出入口只(zhi)有西部(bu)(bu)一(yi)(yi)個,北部(bu)(bu)與東(dong)部(bu)(bu)周圍建筑(zhu)(zhu)破爛(lan)陳舊,低矮棚戶中住了近百(bai)戶人家。由于地段好和(he)有特色,這(zhe)里(li)已形成為(wei)中外游(you)客喜來樂(le)往的一(yi)(yi)個旅游(you)定點,每年平均人流量(liang)(liang)為(wei)12萬(wan)人次(ci),接待外賓1萬(wan)人次(ci),節假日人流量(liang)(liang)可達4600人次(ci)/日,許多(duo)涉(she)外活動(dong)與洽談活動(dong)都在這(zhe)里(li)舉行。為(wei)了保(bao)護文(wen)物,美化城市(shi)(shi)景(jing)觀,擴大城市(shi)(shi)公共綠(lv)化,提高環(huan)境質(zhi)量(liang)(liang),與人防工程相(xiang)結合,將大鐘亭公園進行擴建改(gai)造。