六朝(chao)時期(qi),長(chang)江南(nan)岸線北移,莫(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)愁(chou)(chou)湖(hu)(hu)形成。南(nan)唐時期(qi),時稱橫塘,因其(qi)依傍石(shi)頭(tou)城(cheng),亦(yi)稱石(shi)城(cheng)湖(hu)(hu)。明(ming)朝(chao)初年(nian)(nian),莫(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)愁(chou)(chou)湖(hu)(hu)沿(yan)(yan)湖(hu)(hu)畔筑(zhu)樓臺十(shi)(shi)余座;明(ming)朝(chao)中(zhong)葉,莫(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)愁(chou)(chou)湖(hu)(hu)為徐達(da)后(hou)裔、魏(wei)國公徐氏(shi)別業,成為金(jin)(jin)(jin)陵(ling)(ling)名園之一(yi)(yi)。清朝(chao)乾隆五十(shi)(shi)八年(nian)(nian)(1793年(nian)(nian)),莫(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)愁(chou)(chou)湖(hu)(hu)進行大規模整治,沿(yan)(yan)湖(hu)(hu)修筑(zhu)“郁金(jin)(jin)(jin)堂”等樓臺十(shi)(shi)余座;咸(xian)豐年(nian)(nian)間(jian),建筑(zhu)及花(hua)樹毀(hui)于(yu)戰(zhan)火;清朝(chao)同治十(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)(1871年(nian)(nian)),重建莫(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)愁(chou)(chou)湖(hu)(hu),湖(hu)(hu)景漸復舊觀(guan)。民國十(shi)(shi)八年(nian)(nian)(1929年(nian)(nian)),莫(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)愁(chou)(chou)湖(hu)(hu)被(bei)辟(pi)為公園。莫(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)愁(chou)(chou)湖(hu)(hu)屬于(yu)淺水(shui)湖(hu)(hu)泊(bo),由長(chang)江、秦(qin)淮(huai)河(he)沖積平原的(de)低洼處積水(shui)而(er)成,原是(shi)秦(qin)淮(huai)河(he)入江口河(he)槽,因泥(ni)沙淤積而(er)成湖(hu)(hu)。南(nan)北長(chang)約680米(mi)(mi)(mi),東西寬約770米(mi)(mi)(mi),湖(hu)(hu)面標高(gao)4米(mi)(mi)(mi),主要(yao)功能為景觀(guan)水(shui)域(yu)和非直接(jie)接(jie)觸的(de)娛樂用水(shui)。莫(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)愁(chou)(chou)湖(hu)(hu)自古便有(you)“江南(nan)第(di)一(yi)(yi)名湖(hu)(hu)”、“金(jin)(jin)(jin)陵(ling)(ling)第(di)一(yi)(yi)名勝(sheng)”、“金(jin)(jin)(jin)陵(ling)(ling)四十(shi)(shi)八景之首”等美譽,園中(zhong)亭臺、樓閣、水(shui)榭等掩映在(zai)山石(shi)、花(hua)木(mu)中(zhong),一(yi)(yi)派“欲將西子莫(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)愁(chou)(chou)比,難向(xiang)煙波(bo)判是(shi)非。但覺(jue)西湖(hu)(hu)輸(shu)一(yi)(yi)著(zhu),江帆云外拍云飛”的(de)宜人景色。春天的(de)海棠、夏天的(de)荷花(hua),也總能吸引一(yi)(yi)些攝影愛好(hao)者,是(shi)南(nan)京非常有(you)名的(de)旅游景點和休(xiu)閑園林。
莫愁(chou)女故居建筑(zhu)群包(bao)括郁(yu)金堂、蘇合(he)(he)廂,該(gai)組(zu)建筑(zhu)始建于(yu)(yu)明朝中(zhong)葉。莫愁(chou)女故居位于(yu)(yu)勝棋樓之(zhi)西,比勝棋樓矮半層,取之(zhi)為男尊女卑的(de)建筑(zhu)風格。蘇合(he)(he)廂位于(yu)(yu)郁(yu)金堂正(zheng)南,蘇合(he)(he)廂與郁(yu)金堂通過四合(he)(he)院(yuan)連為一體。今(jin)院(yuan)內墻壁上嵌有清(qing)人書(shu)梁武帝(di)蕭衍(yan)《河中(zhong)之(zhi)水歌》、清(qing)人繪莫愁(chou)小像(xiang)、郭(guo)沫若詩(shi)詞等書(shu)畫碑刻。清(qing)乾隆五(wu)十八(ba)年(1846年),江寧(ning)知府李堯棟捐(juan)俸重(zhong)修莫愁(chou)湖時始名。同治十年(1871年),兩(liang)江總督曾國(guo)藩重(zhong)建。
郁(yu)金(jin)(jin)(jin)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)位于(yu)勝(sheng)棋樓之(zhi)西,始建于(yu)南(nan)(nan)朝梁武(wu)帝時期。郁(yu)金(jin)(jin)(jin)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)面闊六(liu)間,進(jin)深二間,磚木結構,后進(jin)為(wei)(wei)卷棚(peng)頂,建筑(zhu)面積(ji)162.79平(ping)方米(mi)。清(qing)朝乾(qian)隆五十(shi)八年(nian)(nian)(1793年(nian)(nian)),重建郁(yu)金(jin)(jin)(jin)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang);咸(xian)豐年(nian)(nian)間,毀于(yu)戰火;同治十(shi)年(nian)(nian)(1871年(nian)(nian)),曾國藩重建郁(yu)金(jin)(jin)(jin)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang);民(min)國二十(shi)年(nian)(nian)(1931年(nian)(nian)),郁(yu)金(jin)(jin)(jin)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)復遭(zao)水淹(yan)。翌年(nian)(nian),南(nan)(nan)京市長石瑛重修。1959年(nian)(nian),將郁(yu)金(jin)(jin)(jin)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)建筑(zhu)格局(ju)改為(wei)(wei)背(bei)水面南(nan)(nan)。1981年(nian)(nian)劉海粟行(xing)書“郁(yu)金(jin)(jin)(jin)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)”木刻置(zhi)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)上(shang)。郁(yu)金(jin)(jin)(jin)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)西是南(nan)(nan)北兩廳,東西有回廊環繞的賞荷亭,中間是荷花(hua)池,池中石上(shang)有一座(zuo)2米(mi)多高的漢白玉莫(mo)愁(chou)女塑像。相傳南(nan)(nan)齊時盧(lu)家女莫(mo)愁(chou)居此,莫(mo)愁(chou)女喜郁(yu)金(jin)(jin)(jin)之(zhi)香(xiang),梁武(wu)帝蕭衍(yan)《河(he)中之(zhi)水歌(ge)》“盧(lu)家蘭(lan)室桂為(wei)(wei)梁,中有郁(yu)金(jin)(jin)(jin)蘇(su)合香(xiang)”可以為(wei)(wei)證,郁(yu)金(jin)(jin)(jin)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)之(zhi)名即得自該詩。
蘇(su)(su)合廂(xiang)位(wei)于(yu)郁(yu)(yu)金堂(tang)正南,“蘇(su)(su)合廂(xiang)”之(zhi)名(ming),取自(zi)梁(liang)(liang)武(wu)(wu)帝蕭衍《河(he)(he)中之(zhi)水歌(ge)》“盧家蘭室桂為梁(liang)(liang),中有郁(yu)(yu)金蘇(su)(su)合香”一(yi)詩(shi)中。蘇(su)(su)合廂(xiang)與郁(yu)(yu)金堂(tang)通過四合院(yuan)連(lian)為一(yi)體,建筑面積111.10平方米,磚木(mu)結構。清(qing)朝乾隆五十八年(nian)(1793年(nian)),由江寧知府李堯(yao)棟主持修(xiu)建。1959年(nian)改建。內(nei)懸掛有1914年(nian)陳(chen)祖(zu)庥的木(mu)刻(ke)楹(ying)聯(lian),四合院(yuan)內(nei)墻(qiang)壁上則嵌有梁(liang)(liang)武(wu)(wu)帝蕭衍《河(he)(he)中之(zhi)水歌(ge)》、清(qing)人朱柏容、今人郭(guo)沫(mo)若等人的碑刻(ke)詩(shi)詞,院(yuan)內(nei)古(gu)碑刻(ke)均為市級文物(wu)保護單(dan)位(wei)。
莫愁(chou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)位于郁金(jin)堂四合院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)之(zhi)西,由水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)回(hui)廊、賞荷廳、四方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)亭(ting)(ting)、光華(hua)庭、江(jiang)天小閣和(he)觀(guan)魚池(chi)組成,水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)荷蓮(lian),有磯(ji)石。水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)回(hui)廊環水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)而建(jian)(jian),串聯起院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)內各建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu),面(mian)(mian)積(ji)139.53平方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)米,廊壁嵌(qian)有魯迅、錢(qian)松喦(nie)、林散之(zhi)、費新我等(deng)人書(shu)法(fa)碑刻(ke)。賞荷廳位于水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)北(bei)首,共四間,面(mian)(mian)積(ji)118.84平方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)米,磚木(mu)結(jie)構(gou),墻(qiang)壁亦(yi)有石刻(ke)碑銘(ming)。四方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)亭(ting)(ting)居水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)西北(bei)角,高二層,建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)42.34平方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)米,清(qing)朝(chao)光緒(xu)十四年(nian)(1888年(nian))建(jian)(jian),原為(wei)(wei)木(mu)結(jie)構(gou),1974年(nian)翻建(jian)(jian),檐以下改為(wei)(wei)混合結(jie)構(gou),頂部仍為(wei)(wei)木(mu)結(jie)構(gou)。《金(jin)陵(ling)古(gu)跡名(ming)勝》云:“曾云閣有角樓,聳臨(lin)湖(hu)上,登眺極佳”。光華(hua)庭位于水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)南(nan)首,磚木(mu)結(jie)構(gou),建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)68.99平方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)米,亭(ting)(ting)內曾懸“月到(dao)(dao)風來閣”匾,現不存,今木(mu)刻(ke)楹聯曾廣照撰(zhuan)書(shu)。江(jiang)天小閣,位于水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)西北(bei)角,高兩層,曾為(wei)(wei)曾國藩憑眺感懷之(zhi)處。觀(guan)魚池(chi)在(zai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang),水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)荷養魚。1979年(nian)在(zai)池(chi)中(zhong)(zhong)磯(ji)石上置立漢白玉(yu)莫愁(chou)女雕像,像高2.1米,重2噸(dun),作采桑歸狀。1981年(nian)由錢(qian)松喦(nie)隸書(shu)通水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)門(men)額“到(dao)(dao)此莫愁(chou)”。
勝棋(qi)樓(lou)位(wei)于(yu)(yu)華嚴(yan)庵庭院北首,始建于(yu)(yu)明朝(chao)(chao)洪(hong)武(wu)年(nian)間(jian)。勝棋(qi)樓(lou)坐北朝(chao)(chao)南,為明清(qing)(qing)風(feng)格的二(er)層(ceng)樓(lou)房,歇山(shan)(shan)頂,磚木(mu)(mu)結(jie)構,面闊(kuo)五間(jian),進深十(shi)一檁,建筑面積592.07平方米(mi)。相(xiang)傳明太(tai)祖朱(zhu)(zhu)元(yuan)璋與(yu)(yu)中(zhong)山(shan)(shan)王徐(xu)(xu)達常在此下棋(qi)。清(qing)(qing)朝(chao)(chao)咸豐年(nian)間(jian),勝棋(qi)樓(lou)毀于(yu)(yu)兵火(huo)。清(qing)(qing)朝(chao)(chao)同(tong)治十(shi)年(nian)(1871年(nian)),曾(ceng)國藩主(zhu)持于(yu)(yu)原址復建勝棋(qi)樓(lou)。相(xiang)傳原樓(lou)額為朱(zhu)(zhu)元(yuan)璋親(qin)題,今門楣上“勝棋(qi)樓(lou)”三字,乃晚清(qing)(qing)進士、中(zhong)興名臣、時(shi)任江(jiang)寧(ning)布政使梅(mei)啟照所書。樓(lou)上中(zhong)堂北壁(bi)掛(gua)有明太(tai)祖朱(zhu)(zhu)元(yuan)璋畫像,南端(duan)掛(gua)有徐(xu)(xu)達畫像,正(zheng)門與(yu)(yu)中(zhong)堂問朱(zhu)(zhu)元(yuan)璋徐(xu)(xu)達對(dui)弈(yi)處有模擬對(dui)弈(yi)局、古紅木(mu)(mu)家具擺(bai)設及范曾(ceng)1980年(nian)繪《對(dui)弈(yi)圖》。木(mu)(mu)刻(ke)楹聯為長沙張兆鹿偉堂光緒癸未年(nian)題:“粉黛江(jiang)山(shan)(shan)留得半湖煙雨(yu),王侯事(shi)業都如一局棋(qi)枰。”
華(hua)(hua)嚴(yan)(yan)庵(an)位于(yu)莫愁湖(hu)大門(men)正北,名來源于(yu)“華(hua)(hua)嚴(yan)(yan)經”,為莫愁湖(hu)南岸的一座古(gu)剎(cha)。清(qing)朝(chao)乾隆初年,住持僧(seng)道成(cheng)曾集合僧(seng)眾在此修行。乾隆五十八(ba)年(1793年),江寧知府(fu)李堯棟重(zhong)修華(hua)(hua)嚴(yan)(yan)庵(an)。重(zhong)修后的華(hua)(hua)嚴(yan)(yan)庵(an)為三券廊拱門(men),磚木(mu)結(jie)構,有(you)殿(dian)宇數十間(jian),勝(sheng)棋樓(lou)、郁金堂、抱月(yue)樓(lou)、湖(hu)心(xin)亭亦在庵(an)內。道光年間(jian),邑(yi)人(ren)姚氏對(dui)華(hua)(hua)嚴(yan)(yan)庵(an)進行了擴(kuo)建(jian),華(hua)(hua)嚴(yan)(yan)庵(an)共有(you)殿(dian)宇四十八(ba)間(jian)。咸豐(feng)年間(jian),華(hua)(hua)嚴(yan)(yan)庵(an)毀于(yu)戰火(huo)。同治(zhi)三年(1864年),曾國藩重(zhong)修,時人(ren)別(bie)稱“妙嚴(yan)(yan)庵(an)”。學者張(zhang)文虎常(chang)與友(you)人(ren)集于(yu)庵(an)內,吟(yin)詩作賦。1959年移至(zhi)景區(qu)大門(men)正北落地重(zhong)建(jian)。華(hua)(hua)嚴(yan)(yan)庵(an)庵(an)門(men)建(jian)筑面闊(kuo)三間(jian),磚木(mu)結(jie)構,建(jian)筑面積97.58平(ping)方米,明清(qing)風(feng)格(ge),大門(men)懸掛陸鴻吉民國三年(1914)8月(yue)題楹聯:“于(yu)此間(jian)得(de)少佳趣微斯人(ren)吾與誰(shui)歸”,兩(liang)側置花崗石(shi)獅(shi)一對(dui),庭(ting)院內配以湖(hu)石(shi)假(jia)山,東院門(men)有(you)蕭嫻1981年隸書(shu)“采(cai)蓮齋(zhai)”額(e)。西側有(you)回廊與勝(sheng)棋樓(lou)相連。
抱月(yue)樓(lou)(lou)位于莫(mo)(mo)愁湖西南(nan)岸(an),由一(yi)(yi)亭一(yi)(yi)臺(tai)二(er)(er)角亭組(zu)成(cheng),是一(yi)(yi)座(zuo)二(er)(er)層混合結構(gou)的(de)古(gu)典建筑,建筑面積1300平(ping)方米,樓(lou)(lou)亭臺(tai)基(ji)較高(gao),臺(tai)基(ji)壁面鑲嵌著200余塊刻有水(shui)滸、三國故(gu)事之青石浮雕,倒覆蓮花(hua)瓣。建于1960年(nian)。抱月(yue)樓(lou)(lou)北側有三面臨水(shui)方圓(yuan)600平(ping)方米之水(shui)上(shang)平(ping)臺(tai),南(nan)側臨坡為古(gu)典舞臺(tai),是景區舉辦(ban)文藝演(yan)出的(de)主(zhu)要活動場所(suo)。樓(lou)(lou)前的(de)一(yi)(yi)對石獅(shi),系1966年(nian)由南(nan)京市政府東大門遷此。“抱月(yue)樓(lou)(lou)”匾額由書法家蕭嫻1981年(nian)題寫。1983年(nian)參照原設計(ji)圖建成(cheng),因其部(bu)分建筑構(gou)件是由二(er)(er)郎廟(miao)拆移而(er)來,故(gu)一(yi)(yi)度稱作“二(er)(er)郎廟(miao)”。抱月(yue)樓(lou)(lou)二(er)(er)樓(lou)(lou)是觀賞“莫(mo)(mo)愁煙雨”的(de)佳(jia)處。
海棠(tang)(tang)精品(pin)園(yuan)(yuan)位于莫愁湖西區(qu),占(zhan)地面積約12600平方(fang)米。園(yuan)(yuan)內栽植海棠(tang)(tang)近(jin)千株(zhu),四(si)十多個品(pin)種。主(zhu)要品(pin)種有龍形海棠(tang)(tang)、莫愁紅、長壽樂、貼梗(geng)海棠(tang)(tang)、東洋錦、世界一號、白雪(xue)公主(zhu)、高樁(zhuang)一品(pin)香、北美海棠(tang)(tang)系列等。
棋文館位于勝(sheng)棋樓之(zhi)東部,以弘(hong)揚莫(mo)愁(chou)(chou)湖(hu)內傳承有(you)緒(xu)的棋奕(yi)文化(hua)。勝(sheng)棋樓名得自明(ming)太(tai)祖(zu)朱(zhu)元璋與中(zhong)山王徐達的弈棋,其歷(li)史(shi)已有(you)六百多(duo)年。受此影(ying)響(xiang),明(ming)清(qing)以來(lai)莫(mo)愁(chou)(chou)湖(hu)已成為歷(li)代(dai)帝王將相(xiang)、達官顯貴、富(fu)商(shang)巨賈、文人騷客弈棋交游的活動場所之(zhi)一。
鄒魯(lu)碑(bei)亭(ting)位于莫愁(chou)湖(hu)南岸(an)待(dai)渡亭(ting)西,又稱(cheng)追思亭(ting)。民國三(san)十七(qi)年(nian)(1948年(nian)),鄒魯(lu)受邀撰《重修建國粵(yue)軍陣亡將士(shi)墓(mu)記》一文,并刻石立于粵(yue)軍陣亡將士(shi)墓(mu)旁。1981年(nian),重立鄒魯(lu)碑(bei)。2005年(nian),新(xin)建八角(jiao)重檐碑(bei)亭(ting),稱(cheng)為(wei)鄒魯(lu)碑(bei)亭(ting)。
古典(dian)家(jia)(jia)具館位于莫愁(chou)水院西(xi)側(ce),是典(dian)型的江南園林庭院建筑。館內(nei)家(jia)(jia)具展(zhan)(zhan)覽分(fen)為三(san)個廳堂,分(fen)類展(zhan)(zhan)出二百余件清代古典(dian)家(jia)(jia)具。這些家(jia)(jia)具選用酸枝、花梨上等(deng)木材制成(cheng)。其(qi)種類多(duo)樣,有(you)寶座、案幾(ji)、八仙(xian)桌、翰臺,還有(you)棋(qi)桌、帶(dai)軸圓(yuan)桌等(deng),造(zao)型奇特,做(zuo)工精巧。其(qi)中部分(fen)家(jia)(jia)具系成(cheng)套展(zhan)(zhan)示(shi),尤為珍貴。
中日(ri)友好鳶尾園(yuan)位于院(yuan)內(nei)北圩水榭周邊(bian),是中國(guo)首家品(pin)種(zhong)最多、栽(zai)(zai)(zai)植(zhi)規模(mo)最大的菖(chang)蒲專類園(yuan),占地10000平方米,以(yi)道(dao)路為界劃分為黃菖(chang)蒲栽(zai)(zai)(zai)植(zhi)區、燕(yan)(yan)子花栽(zai)(zai)(zai)植(zhi)區、溪蓀栽(zai)(zai)(zai)植(zhi)區、品(pin)種(zhong)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)植(zhi)區,有品(pin)種(zhong)花菖(chang)蒲為214個(ge)、燕(yan)(yan)子花4個(ge)、溪蓀53個(ge)。鳶尾園(yuan)自(zi)1995年建(jian)成以(yi)來,公園(yuan)下大力加強(qiang)對鳶尾的引種(zhong)、繁殖(zhi)和栽(zai)(zai)(zai)培管理工(gong)作,同時還注意(yi)加強(qiang)文化交(jiao)流(liu),日(ri)本友人先后多次來公園(yuan)進行(xing)技術(shu)指導并贈(zeng)送新品(pin)種(zhong)。
粵軍陣亡將士(shi)墓(mu)位于水榭荷花池(chi)之(zhi)北,始建于民國元年(nian)(1912年(nian)),占地(di)(di)面(mian)積208平方米(mi)(mi),坐西朝東,青(qing)(qing)石(shi)結構,成圓拱形二(er)層(ceng),下層(ceng)高1米(mi)(mi),直(zhi)徑4米(mi)(mi),有(you)勒腳線(xian),上(shang)層(ceng)高1.3米(mi)(mi),墓(mu)廓有(you)長1.44米(mi)(mi),寬1.04米(mi)(mi)長方形遺骸池(chi),池(chi)口安(an)放原烈士(shi)碑(bei)(bei)13塊(kuai)。墓(mu)碑(bei)(bei)分(fen)碑(bei)(bei)座、碑(bei)(bei)身(shen)、碑(bei)(bei)頭三部分(fen),碑(bei)(bei)身(shen)寬1.45米(mi)(mi),高3.15米(mi)(mi)。正面(mian)嵌著孫(sun)中(zhong)山先生手書“建國成仁”4字,碑(bei)(bei)后有(you)黃興撰文(wen)粵軍殉難義士(shi)碑(bei)(bei)。墓(mu)前有(you)石(shi)獅(shi)兩座,并(bing)鋪有(you)7米(mi)(mi)長條(tiao)石(shi)踏步7級(ji),兩側各有(you)高1米(mi)(mi)石(shi)柱6根,石(shi)柱間銜接著長1.44米(mi)(mi),高0.65米(mi)(mi)石(shi)刻欄(lan)(lan)(lan)板(ban),墓(mu)地(di)(di)全(quan)以條(tiao)石(shi)鋪裝,圍以37.7米(mi)(mi)青(qing)(qing)磚圍墻(qiang)。墓(mu)北首(shou)(shou)有(you)汪(wang)(wang)偽時建無欄(lan)(lan)(lan)單(dan)拱石(shi)橋(qiao)(qiao)一座,架于內塘至湖水道(dao)上(shang),跨(kua)度(du)5.8米(mi)(mi),寬3.35米(mi)(mi)。1964年(nian)改(gai)城磚橋(qiao)(qiao)面(mian)為青(qing)(qing)石(shi)橋(qiao)(qiao)面(mian)。1991年(nian)加漢白玉橋(qiao)(qiao)欄(lan)(lan)(lan)。東南首(shou)(shou)亦有(you)汪(wang)(wang)偽時建無欄(lan)(lan)(lan)單(dan)拱石(shi)橋(qiao)(qiao)一座,跨(kua)度(du)5.5米(mi)(mi),寬3.5米(mi)(mi)。
6月(yue)1日(ri)-8月(yue)31日(ri):06:30-21:30
9月(yue)1日-5月(yue)31日:07:00-21:00
景點開放時間:
(1)勝棋樓片(pian)區及棋文(wen)館、家(jia)具館:
4月(yue)(yue)1日(ri)—10月(yue)(yue)31日(ri):8:00—17:30
11月1日—3月31日:8:30—17:00
(2)莫(mo)愁水院:
4月1日(ri)—10月31日(ri):7:30—18:00
11月(yue)1日—3月(yue)31日:8:00—17:30
(3)夜公園開(kai)放(fang)時間(jian):
8月1日(ri)—9月1日(ri):19:30—20:30
公交:
1、漢中門大街35號(北門):南(nan)京(jing)(jing)(jing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)交(jiao)(jiao)9路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)、南(nan)京(jing)(jing)(jing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)交(jiao)(jiao)15路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)、南(nan)京(jing)(jing)(jing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)交(jiao)(jiao)20路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)、南(nan)京(jing)(jing)(jing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)交(jiao)(jiao)29路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)、南(nan)京(jing)(jing)(jing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)交(jiao)(jiao)68路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)、南(nan)京(jing)(jing)(jing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)交(jiao)(jiao)82路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)、南(nan)京(jing)(jing)(jing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)交(jiao)(jiao)127路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)、南(nan)京(jing)(jing)(jing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)交(jiao)(jiao)133路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)、南(nan)京(jing)(jing)(jing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)交(jiao)(jiao)204路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)、南(nan)京(jing)(jing)(jing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)交(jiao)(jiao)307路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)、南(nan)京(jing)(jing)(jing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)交(jiao)(jiao)552路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)、南(nan)京(jing)(jing)(jing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)交(jiao)(jiao)D12路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)莫愁新寓站
2、水西門大街132號(南門):南京(jing)(jing)(jing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)7路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)、南京(jing)(jing)(jing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)10路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)、南京(jing)(jing)(jing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)13路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)、南京(jing)(jing)(jing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)19路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)、南京(jing)(jing)(jing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)37路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)、南京(jing)(jing)(jing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)41路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)、南京(jing)(jing)(jing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)48路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)、南京(jing)(jing)(jing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)132路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)、南京(jing)(jing)(jing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)134路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)、南京(jing)(jing)(jing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)160路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)、南京(jing)(jing)(jing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)166路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)、南京(jing)(jing)(jing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)204路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)、南京(jing)(jing)(jing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)306路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)、南京(jing)(jing)(jing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)D9路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)、南京(jing)(jing)(jing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)G6路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)、南京(jing)(jing)(jing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)Y7路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)、南京(jing)(jing)(jing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)Y13路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)莫(mo)愁湖公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園南門站
地鐵:
南京地鐵2號(hao)線莫愁(chou)湖站。
莫愁湖位(wei)于長江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)、秦淮(huai)河(he)形成(cheng)的沖積(ji)平(ping)原,地勢(shi)低下,北面長江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang),東(dong)(dong)面外(wai)(wai)秦淮(huai)河(he)。莫愁湖是低地湖泊(bo),由(you)長江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)、秦淮(huai)河(he)沖積(ji)平(ping)原的低洼(wa)(wa)處積(ji)水(shui)而(er)成(cheng),原是秦淮(huai)河(he)入江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)口河(he)槽(cao),因(yin)泥(ni)沙(sha)淤積(ji)而(er)成(cheng)湖。沖積(ji)平(ping)原的形成(cheng)年代并不(bu)久,據歷史記載,在三國東(dong)(dong)吳以前,這里還是露(lu)出(chu)長江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)面的幾處小(xiao)沙(sha)洲(zhou)。當時長江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)河(he)床緊靠今日南京城墻的位(wei)置(zhi),以后(hou)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)流(liu)外(wai)(wai)徙(xi),秦淮(huai)河(he)也向(xiang)(xiang)北延伸,沖積(ji)平(ping)原才逐漸向(xiang)(xiang)外(wai)(wai)擴展。由(you)于地勢(shi)低下,地下水(shui)位(wei)高,低洼(wa)(wa)處就積(ji)水(shui)形成(cheng)湖泊(bo)。
莫(mo)愁湖(hu)(hu)(hu)屬于淺水(shui)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)泊,南北(bei)長約(yue)(yue)(yue)680米(mi),東(dong)西寬約(yue)(yue)(yue)770米(mi),湖(hu)(hu)(hu)面(mian)標高4米(mi),湖(hu)(hu)(hu)的東(dong)北(bei)角(jiao)有兩(liang)處(chu)雨(yu)水(shui)排(pai)放(fang)口。莫(mo)愁湖(hu)(hu)(hu)范(fan)圍內(nei)年(nian)降雨(yu)量(liang)約(yue)(yue)(yue)為78.54萬立(li)方米(mi),湖(hu)(hu)(hu)體年(nian)蒸發量(liang)約(yue)(yue)(yue)47.56萬立(li)方米(mi),2015、2016年(nian)莫(mo)愁湖(hu)(hu)(hu)年(nian)排(pai)水(shui)量(liang)分別約(yue)(yue)(yue)為32.98、39.89萬立(li)方米(mi)。莫(mo)愁湖(hu)(hu)(hu)主要功能(neng)為景(jing)觀(guan)水(shui)域和(he)非直接(jie)接(jie)觸(chu)的娛(yu)樂(le)用水(shui),已無調蓄(xu)能(neng)力。
莫愁湖屬亞熱帶季風氣候,其主要特點是四季分明,夏熱冬冷,春秋兩季歷時短暫,雨量集中,春濕多變,秋高氣爽,梅雨顯著,夏雨集中。莫(mo)愁湖年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)氣溫在15℃,全(quan)年(nian)(nian)七、八月(yue)(yue)(yue)份(fen)最熱,歷年(nian)(nian)七、八月(yue)(yue)(yue)份(fen)最高(gao)(gao)氣溫32—38℃左(zuo)右,以(yi)一(yi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)份(fen)最冷,歷年(nian)(nian)一(yi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)份(fen)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)最低氣溫-1.5℃,極端最高(gao)(gao)氣溫43℃,極端最低氣溫-14℃,最大(da)凍土(tu)深度9—10厘米,無霜期230天(tian)左(zuo)右。全(quan)年(nian)(nian)日照(zhao)1989.2小時左(zuo)右。年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)量(liang)1124毫(hao)米,降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)日124.2天(tian),雨季(ji)集中(zhong)在6一(yi)8月(yue)(yue)(yue)份(fen),雨量(liang)占(zhan)全(quan)年(nian)(nian)50%以(yi)上,從每年(nian)(nian)6月(yue)(yue)(yue)下(xia)旬(xun)至7月(yue)(yue)(yue)中(zhong)旬(xun),相(xiang)對(dui)濕度最大(da)(76%—81%),陰雨天(tian)較多(duo),這(zhe)就是江南(nan)的(de)梅雨季(ji)節(jie)。
莫愁湖常年主導風(feng)(feng)向(xiang)為東(dong)(dong)北(bei)(bei)風(feng)(feng),冬(dong)(dong)半年(10—3月(yue)(yue))主導風(feng)(feng)向(xiang),風(feng)(feng)速(su)、風(feng)(feng)頻均(jun)(jun)以北(bei)(bei)東(dong)(dong)一東(dong)(dong)北(bei)(bei)東(dong)(dong)風(feng)(feng)為主,冬(dong)(dong)季(ji)氣壓(ya)高(1040—1060毫(hao)(hao)巴),相對(dui)濕度73%—75%,絕對(dui)濕度5%—10%,平(ping)速(su)風(feng)(feng)速(su)1.63—2.38米/秒,夏半年(4—9月(yue)(yue))主導風(feng)(feng)向(xiang)、風(feng)(feng)速(su)、風(feng)(feng)頻以東(dong)(dong)南(nan)東(dong)(dong)風(feng)(feng)為主,高溫季(ji)節(7月(yue)(yue)下旬至8月(yue)(yue)中旬),則以西南(nan)風(feng)(feng)為主,夏季(ji)氣壓(ya)低(1011—1025毫(hao)(hao)巴),相對(dui)濕度75%—80%,絕對(dui)濕度17.5%—30%,平(ping)均(jun)(jun)風(feng)(feng)速(su)為2.1—2.7米/秒。
莫愁湖有中(zhong)華(hua)秋(qiu)沙鴨、白鶴、小(xiao)天鵝(e)、灰鶴、紅腹(fu)錦雞、水(shui)獺、虎(hu)紋(wen)蛙等多種(zhong)國家一、二級(ji)(ji)保護(hu)動物;有各(ge)類(lei)昆蟲近80種(zhong),其中(zhong)有叉犀金龜、田鱉、中(zhong)華(hua)奧鍬甲、烏木白大(da)蠶蛾等二、三級(ji)(ji)國家保護(hu)昆蟲8種(zhong),有魚類(lei)70種(zhong)。
莫愁湖有各類野生植物100多種,其中有水蕨、蓮、野菱、銀杏、水杉、樟樹、紅椿、喜樹、核桃、黃蓮、青檀、紫莖、猬實等一、二、三級國家保護植物13種。莫愁湖周(zhou)圍地(di)勢低洼,自古多植楊(yang)柳,湖泊中栽荷蓮(lian),荷花與肥藕(ou)為第二綠化(hua)景(jing)觀(guan)。1964年配合地(di)形改造,植花木(mu)1259株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),其(qi)中沿湖岸增補植垂(chui)(chui)柳131株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),陸地(di)植以海棠類(lei)為主的(de)花木(mu),共植貼梗海棠30株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)、西(xi)府海棠200株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)、垂(chui)(chui)絲海棠350株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),有(you)17個品種1235株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)海棠,垂(chui)(chui)柳209株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。此后引進觀(guan)葉植物200余(yu)種,有(you)120余(yu)種適應南京地(di)區生長。其(qi)中有(you)秋海棠40種,天南星科(ke)、鳳梨科(ke)50余(yu)種。